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Advanced Surveying Using Total Station (Repaired) PDF
Advanced Surveying Using Total Station (Repaired) PDF
A Distomat is an electronic device that measure the distance between a Theodolite and a
target (Prism) using electromagnetic radiations. When a distomat is fixed with an
electronic theodolite it serves as a total station
Distomat and Distomat fixed Ordinary and Electronic Theodolites
What is a Total Station??
• It is a combination of an electronic Theodolite, an
electronic distance measuring device (EDM) and a
microprocessor with memory unit.
• Electronic theodolite calculates horizontal angle and
vertical angle. EDM calculates horizontal distance,
vertical distance and sloping distance. CPU calculates
co-ordinates under the target with reference to the total
station co-ordinate, instrument height and target height.
Total Station - New Model [Old model Total Station] Older versions were having a
separate data recorder
The Original name of this machine was electronic Tacheometer, 30 years ago
Hewlett -Packard introduced the name Total Station
Wild –Total Station
1990 Model and
data collector
Advantages of Total Station…
1. Quick setting of the instrument on the tripod using the optical plummet
/ Laser Plummet
2. On- board area computation programme to compute the area of the
field.
3. Greater accuracy in area computation because of the possibility of
taking arcs in area computation.
4. Graphical view of plots and land for quick visualization.
5. Coding to do automated mapping.
6. Enormous plotting and area computation at any user required scale.
7. Integration of data base.
8. Automation of old maps.
9. Full GIS creation (using Map info software)
10. Local language support.
Disadvantages of Total Station…
1. Their use does not provide hard copies of field notes. Hence, it
may be difficult for the surveyor to look over and check the work
while surveying.
2. For an overall check of the survey, it will be necessary to return
to the office and prepare the drawings using appropriate software.
➢
Most common Total station used now-a-days.
➢
They sense both the horizontal and vertical angles electronically
and measure the slope distances, compute the horizontal and
vertical components of those distances, and determine the co-
ordinates of observed points.
➢
To compute the coordinates of observed points, it is necessary to
properly orient the instrument to some known direction such as
true north, magnetic north or to some known bearing.
Advancement in Total Station Technology…
• Servo – Driven and Robotic Total Station.
➢
Their added functionality makes them suitable for intense mapping.
➢
Are particularly appealing where automatic pointing is
desired.
➢
Done by using motors to aim and position the instrument.
• Robotic Total Station.
➢
Can be set up over a control point and left
there while the surveyor carries the prism
to the various points that are to be located.
➢
The instrument itself will track the prism
when the surveyor presses a button at his
position and the instrument will quickly
and accurately take the necessary readings.
➢
Have the advantages of being controlled
from the prism point, thus making coding
and quality control at the point being
measured, which greatly influences the
usability and quality of the data.
Automatic Target Recognition…
• Utilizes an infrared light bundle sent coaxially through the
telescope.
Single Prism
(1.7m – 3.5 km)
Reflecting
Prism
Reflectors Multiple Prism (1.7m – 5.5km)
Reflecting Tape
(1.7m - 250m)
Classification of prism according
to shape…
• Mini Prism
• J P Mini Prism
• Round Prism
0
• 360 Prism
Rays used in Total Station…
Infra-red rays..
--For sighting..
--Invisible rays..
Rays
Red Laser..
--For centering..
--Visible rays..
APPLICATION OF TOTAL STATONS
IN VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS
• Survey Field • P W D/ other civil
Survey Department Organizations
• Field measurement Book • For Levelling
From1970/Digitization • Best Fit alignment for
• Re-Survey new roads
• Land acquisition • Cut/Fill Calculations
APPLICATION OF TOTAL STATONS IN VARIOUS
ORGANIZATIONS
• Forestry • Costal
• Plantation survey Management
• Extant of • Maintaining coastal zone
Encroachment etc..
• Disaster • Defence
• Construction,Missile
Management lanchuing,azimuth etc..
• Satellite azimuth
• Land slides, Dam settings, observation,Antenna
Dam monitoring etc.. erection etc..
Industrial applications of Total Station
• Nikon
• Kolida
• Sanding
• South etc…
Important Parts of Total
Stations
1) Optical sight
2) Integrated guide light EGL
(optional)
3) Vertical drive
4) Battery
5) Battery stand
6) Battery cover
7) Eyepiece; focussing graticule
8) Focussing telescope image
9) Detachable carrying handle with mounting screws
10) Serial interface RS232
11) Foot screw
12) Objective with integrated Electronic Distance
Measurement (EDM); Beam exit
13) Display
14) Keyboard
15) Circular level
16) On/Off key
17) Trigger key
18) Horizontal drive
Total Station Setup (General)-1
1. Set Job
i. Setup the instrument over a known / arbitrary station,
Level the instrument and switch on the TS. Release both
horizontal and vertical locks. Adjust the telescope to best
fit to surveyor’s eye and make cross-hair sharp and clear
ii. Open a new file. Give name of the work, name of
surveyor, input date and time if necessary and input
temperature and atmospheric pressure if necessary.
iii. Input unit for measurement (degrees, minutes,
seconds and meters) and prism constant
Total Station Setup-2
2. Set Station
• Always keep the top of the tripod, the bottom and top of
the tribrach and the bottom of the total station clean and
away from shock and impact.
Surveying
MENU
PROGRAM
A
A
SURVEYING
SET JOB
OK
B
B
SET STATION
SELECT ‘ENH’
ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES
C
C
OK
ENTER INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT
OK
SET ORIENTATION
D
D
START
E
E
RESULT:- PtID:-
HR:- m
HZ:-
V:-
:- m
:- m
:- m
E :- m
N :- m
H :- m
Remote heights
The height difference
between a ground point
and a high point can be
calculated at the touch of a
button.
Remote Height…
• To find the vertical distance of the object…
MENU
PROGRAM
A
A
REMOTE HEIGHT
SET JOB
OK
B
B
SET STATION
SELECT ‘ENH’
ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES
C
C
OK
ENTER INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT
OK
SET ORIENTATION
D
D
START
E
E
POINT 1:-
POINT 2:-
:- m
:- m
AREA
PROGRAM
A
A
SET JOB
OK
B
B
SET STATION
SELECT ‘ENH’
ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES
C
C
OK
ENTER INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT
OK
SET ORIENTATION
D
D
START
E
E
SELECT VOLUME
ENTER HEIGHT
DIFFERENCE
OK
SELECT ‘RESULT’
F
F
POINTS:-
AREA:- m2
AREA:- ha
PERIMETER:- m
VOLUME:-m3
MENU
PROGRAM
A
A
REFERENCE LINE
SET JOB
OK
B
B
SET STATION
SELECT ‘ENH’
ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES
C
C
OK
ENTER INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT
OK
SET ORIENTATION
D
D
START
E
E
SELECT ‘STAKE’
OK
F
F
ROTATE HZ TO BECOME0000’00”
USING HORIZONTAL DRIVE
PRESS ‘DIST’
PRESS ‘REC’
Tie distances
MENU
PROGRAM
A
A
TIE DISTANCE
SET JOB
OK
B
B
SET STATION
SELECT ‘ENH’
ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES
C
C
OK
OK
SET ORIENTATION
D
D
START
E
E
POINT 1 :-
POINT 2:-
GRADE :- ٪
:- m
:- m
:- m
F
F
PROGRAM
A
A
FREE STATION
SET JOB
OK
B
B
SELECT ‘SET’
START
C
C
OK
OK
ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES
D
E
OK
SELECT ‘ COMPUTE’
F
F
STATION CO-ORDINATES
STATION :-
Hi :- m
Eo :- m
No :- m
Ho :- m
OK
Stake out
2. ENH Method
3. B and D Method (Bearing and Distance
Method)
1.FIND Method…
MENU
PROGRAM
A
A
STAKE OUT
SET JOB
OK
B
B
SET STATION
SELECT ‘FIND’
OK
C
C
ENTER INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT
OK
SET ORIENTATION
CO-ORDINATES
D
D
START
OK
MAKE HZ =0000’00”
E
E
SIGHT AND
ADJUST THE
POINT
PRESS DIST
PROGRAM
A
A
STAKE OUT
SET JOB
OK
B
B
SET STATION
SELECT ‘ENH’
OK
C
C
ENTER INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT
OK
SET ORIENTATION
CO-ORDINATES
D
D
OK
START
E
E
OK
MAKE HZ =0000’00”
PRESS ‘DIST’
MENU
PROGRAM
A
A
STAKE OUT
SET JOB
OK
B
B
SET STATION
ENTER STATION
NO:
SELECT ‘ENH’
ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES
OK
C
C
ENTER
INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT
OK
SET ORIENTATION
D
D
START
SELECT B and D
E
E
PRESS ‘DIST’
MENU
PROGRAM
A
A
REM
INPUT R.HT
B
B
VD:- m
C
C
NO R.HT
D
D
VD:- m
PROGRAM
A
A
AREA
FILE DATA
MEASUREMENT
B
B
AREA :- m2
MENU
PROGRAM
A
A
MLM
Don’t Use
D Hd :- m
D Vd :- m
D Hd :- m
D Vd :- m
Data Collect
To collect the details from the ground for
preparing plan, area, profile, c/s etc.
MENU
DATA COLLECT
A
A
•Occ pt
Pt :-
Id :-
Inst. Hgt :-
Select OCNEZ
Select NEZ(enter NEZ value)
Rec (yes)
B
B
Back sight
Pt :-
Id :-
R. Hgt :-
Select BS
Ok
Sight BS point select MEAS, NEZ
& SET
C
C
Select FS /SS
(Fore sight /Side shot)
List Method
MENU
LAYOUT
A
A
OCC. Pt INPUT
OK
BACKSIGHT
B
B
OK
LAYOUT
C
C
SELECT ANGLES
NEZ Method
MENU
LAYOUT
A
A
OK
OCC. Pt INPUT
NEZ
B
B
OK
BACKSIGHT
NEZ
OK
C
C
LAYOUT
NEZ
OK
D
D
PRESS ‘DIST’
LAYOUT
A
A
OK
NEW POINT
RESECTION
B
B
NO.01:-
NEZ
OK
C
C
NO.02:-
NEZ
OK
D
D
SELECT ‘CALC’
SELECT ‘NEZ’
REC. (YES)