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(Eyewitness Travel Guides) Jonathan Bousfield - Matt Willis - Bulgaria (2014, DK Publishing) PDF
(Eyewitness Travel Guides) Jonathan Bousfield - Matt Willis - Bulgaria (2014, DK Publishing) PDF
BULGARIA
EYEWITNESS TRAVEL
BULGARIA
Main Contributor Jonathan Bousfield, Matt Willis
Produced by Hachette Livre Polska Sp. z o.o.
Shopping in
Bulgaria 242 Raikova Kûshta, a 19th-century
house-museum in Tryavna
Entertainment in
Bulgaria 244 Outdoor
Activities 246
Bulgaria Area
by Area Survival Guide
Bulgaria at a Practical
Glance 60 Information 252
Southern
Bulgaria 102
Central
Bulgaria 148
Northern
Bulgaria 180
Black Sea
Coast 198 Aleksandûr Nevski Memorial Church in Sofia, the
city’s finest building
6 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE
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0 kilometres 10
The magnificent dome of the Aleksandûr Nevski Memorial Church, Sofia For map symbols see back flap
w Presidency
e Party House
Built to house the Central
Committee of the Bulgarian
0 yards 100
a National Assembly
Completed in 1928, this
i Church of Sveta Sofia relatively plain building is in
This 20th-century Communist Party, this is Sofia’s
This small church has a restrained Classical Revival
building is the most imposing example of
Roman origins. style, with Grecian motifs.
Bulgarian president’s Stalinist-era architecture.
office. A Changing of
the Guard ceremony o Botanical Garden
takes place hourly at A tidy collection of
the entrance. exotic and fragrant flora.
2 Street-by-Street map
This bird’s-eye view shows the
r National Art
Gallery
This fine 19th-century
former palace displays
paintings by Bulgaria’s
best artists.
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fascinating collection.
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V square is named
A converted mosque, the Gallery after the café on
museum has a dazzling GE its south side.
N.
array of ancient and GU
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medieval treasures. O
3 Detailed information
Church (Boyanskata tsurkva), establishing a network of
one of Bulgaria’s most revolutionary cells through-
renowned medieval buildings. out the country. Today, the
Covered from floor to ceiling monastery is home to a
with beautiful 13th-century
frescoes, the church has been
declared a UNESCO World
flourishing convent, and is
used as a summer retreat by
the Orthodox Church hierarchy.
All the important sights in
Heritage Site.
The church’s origins go back
to the 11th century, when it was
a compact building, roughly
From just above the suburb
of Dragalevtsi, visitors can take
a chairlift to the resort of Aleko,
which provides panoramic
Sofia are described individually.
6 m (20 ft) square. Two centuries
later, it was enlarged by the
addition of a two-storey annexe
built onto its western façade.
views of Sofia. Aleko is an
expanding winter sports
destination. Its proximity to
Sofia means that it can be busy
Practical information includes a
According to inscriptions, this
enlargement was carried out in
1259 by Sebastokrator Kaloyan,
at weekends, with city-dwellers
coming to enjoy winter sports,
and with walkers arriving in
map reference, opening hours
a nobleman who also funded summer. It is therefore best to
the church’s interior decoration.
Painted by anonymous local
masters, the church’s frescoes
come here on a weekday.
. Mount Vitosha
and telephone numbers. The
display a quality of realistic
portraiture unusual for the
period. Western artistic Boyana Church, built in the 11th–13th centuries in Byzantine style
Витоша
See pp92–3. Painting of St George and the Dragon at the Monastery of St George key to the symbols used can
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp222–3 and pp232–4
SOUTHERN BULGARIA
1
From December to April, most of this mountainous
region is buried beneath thick snow, but the rest
Introduction
of the year it is an oasis of lush greenery and dense
forests. The country’s most spectacular scenery
and most varied wildlife can be discovered here, The landscape, history and
Bulgaria Area by Area
and the architecture and folklore of this rugged
landscape offer a fascinating insight into an
intriguing and somewhat remote part of Bulgaria. character of each region The coloured areas shown on the map
The highest peaks in the eastern Balkans
rise in the Rila and Pirin mountain ranges.
Both are national parks and both contain
isolated campaigns to force Bulgarians
to adopt the Islamic faith. A small
number of Bulgarians found refuge in
are portrayed here, with on the book’s inside front cover show
a great variety of flora and fauna, including
wolves, bears, and many endemic plants.
The Rhodopes, which cover a much
the Rhodope Mountains, where they
established villages that remained free
of Turkish influence. Their untainted
a description of how the the five main sightseeing regions, into
greater area, are a largely undeveloped medieval Bulgarian language, music,
area has developed over
wilderness that, towards the east, tails off
into the tobacco-growing Plains of Thrace.
costumes and customs served as
a model for the National Revival which Bulgaria has been divided. Each
For centuries this area was inhabited by
much of Bulgaria’s Turkish community. In
movement, which was so influential
in the 19th century. the centuries and what it
fact Palaeolithic flint tools discovered here
show that human habitation of the region
Two great monasteries, Rila and
Bachkovo, were also established in the
offers to visitors today. is covered in a full chapter in Bulgaria
goes back 40,000 years. Thracians later Rhodopes. The monks kept Bulgarian
settled in the area in large numbers.
Smolyan’s History Museum gives a
superb overview of the region’s past.
heritage alive by preserving and
copying the ancient manuscripts
of the old Bulgarian kingdoms. These
Area by Area (see pp58–9). The most
The Ottomans were largely tolerant of
their Christian subjects, but there were
monasteries became a focus of the
National Revival movement. interesting towns and places to visit
are numbered on Regional Maps
throughout the book.
150 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA CENTRAL BULGARIA 151
2 Regional Map
wildlife as well as for hikers, dominates the western slopes of the Stara Planina Mountains. The Sofia–
part of the region. Central Bulgaria is also rich Veliko Tûrnovo road runs north of the mountains.
These two routes are connected by the Zlatishki,
in archaeological sites, including the Valley of
Troyan and Shipka passes. A railway runs parallel
the Thracian Kings, near Kazanlûk, and the Roman
town of Nikopolis ad Istrum and fortress of Hisarya.
The region
Glacial lake in the Pirin Mountains, has great
one of three many historic
massifs towns
in southern such as Bozhentsi,
Bulgaria
to the Sofia–Burgas road, with a branch veering
north beyond Kazanlûk to Veliko Tûrnovo. Troyan
and Lovech have rail connections, but most of the
This shows the road network
Tryavna
Detail of the icon on the roof domeand Koprivshtitsa,
of the Rila Monastery each with outstanding
architecture not to mention four famous monasteries. RItual drinking vessel from the Valley
Ruse
northern half of the region can
only be reached by bus.
and gives an illustrated over-
Yantra
Bulgaria’s famous rose fields, at their best in May of the Thracian Kings
Polski
and June, line the valley between Kazanlûk Trambesh
Al. Stamboliyski
Lake EMEN VELIKO Fresco in the Church of Sveti Nikola, Elena
GORGE TURNOVO Zlataritsa
Vratsa
Yablanitsa
GLOZHENE
MONASTERY Sopot di
ma
Sevlievo DRYANOVO
KILIFAREVO
KUPINOVO MONASTERY
numbered and there are also
Vi
TROYAN Apriltsi
a n C E N T R A L B A L MONASTERY
itsa
0 kilometres 25
da
Brezovo
Yan
0 miles 25 Sa
zli
a
Saedinenie Rakovski yk
a
Radnevo
zha
Ovcharitsa
Tund
Lake Elhovo
Sights at a Glance Plovdiv Chirpan
Merichleri Bolyarovo
1 Glozhene Monastery i Sveta Troitsa Convent Mari Galabovo
ca Malko Sahrkovo
2 Ribaritsa
3 Teteven
4 Troyan
o Arbanasi
p Kûpinovo Monastery
a Elena
Haskovo
Lake
all sights that are covered Ivan Aleksandûr. Destroyed by the Ottomans in the 16th
century, it was restored by the 17th century. Because of
its fine architecture and frescoes, this great monastery,
The Ossuary
This is the only surviving part of the
11th-century monastery. The frescoes
inside are so delicate that it is not
. Iconostasis
The Church of Sveta
Bogoroditsa also
contains a highly
Main
entrance
3 Major sights
Historic buildings are dissected
to reveal their interiors; museums
Ayazmoto
Procession of the
Miraculous Icon
The refectory wall on the left of
the courtyard bears the largest
panoramic wall painting in
Bulgaria. Painted by Alexi
Atanasov in 1846, it depicts the
procession with the Icon of the
Virgin on 15 August, the day of
the Assumption of the Virgin.
r Nesebûr during Nesebûr’s resurgence in 5th century. It originally formed VISITORS’ CHECKLIST
4 Detailed information
Stefan was founded in the 11th lived in this fine 18th-century arches. The church now houses
century. It supplanted the Old residence. There is also a display of a private art gallery that sells sea-
Metropolitan Church in the traditional local costumes worn scapes painted by local artists.
15th century and was enlarged for various seasonal rituals. They
in the 16th.
The interior is breathtaking
with its 16th- to 18th-century
include a selection of lazarki
outfits worn by young girls to
celebrate the arrival of spring.
R Church of Sveti Spas
ul. Briz 6. Open summer: 10am–5pm
Mon–Fri, 10am–3pm Sat & Sun; by
to major towns
frescoes depicting scenes from request in winter. & =
the life of the Virgin. Other
notable features of the interior
are the 16th-century painted
T Old Metropolitan Church
ul. Mitropolska.
Although it is in ruins, the Old
Like many others built during the
Ottoman period, the
17th-century Church of Sveti
An introduction covers the
Aerial view of Nesebûr, a town whose origins go back to Thracian times
UH
5 Ethnographic Museum
R
displays begin with stone anchors pl. Mesembriya. Open 9am–11pm earthquake in 1913. Concrete a
AN
H A N A S PA
Se
TUN
Church of
daily. = 6 Old Metropolitan Church
VI
ONA
A
and decorated pottery from pillars now support what remains ck N Sveti Todor
A
EM
NEP
EMO N A
SL
ZH
the Thracian period (2nd–1st This attractive church near the of the roof. Built in stone and IB R Church of Sveta
B
Bogoroditsa
KR
US
millennium BC), and coins centre of the old town is typical brick, the church has blind 8 Church of Sveti Spas
Church of Sveta
minted in Mesembria in the 5th of the churches built arches decorated with Paraskeva OPO
LSKA
R
Church of the MIT
century BC, which indicate its motifs, such as stars, Archangels
independence and importance squares and swastikas,
I VA N A S E N I I
after it became a Greek colony which symbolize Church
HEMUS
Church of Old
of Sveti Spas Metropolitan
in the 6th century BC. Other the sun and St John LSK
A
I
PO Church
A H E LO
the Baptist RO
exhibits from this period include the continuity Windmill MIT
B R I YA Ethnographic
BURGAS Church of MESEM
Ramparts
delicate gold jewellery from of life. Sunny Beach MES
EMB
Christ Pantokrator Museum
2 km (1 mile) Bus R I YA
Archaeological
RSK
0 metres 200
all the sights described in the text.
Nesebûr’s prosperity during 0 yards 200
the Middle Ages is illustrated by Façade of the Church of Christ Pantokrator, with Byzantine-style arches
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp227 and pp240–41 For map symbols see back flap
INTRODUCING
BULGARIA
DISCOVERING BULGARIA
The following itineraries have been unspoiled nature. Next comes Southern
designed to take in as many of Bulgaria’s Bulgaria, with its heritage and dramatic
highlights as possible, while keeping cross- mountain scenery. Finally, a seven-day tour
country travel as manageable as possible. of the Black Sea introduces a cavalcade of
First comes a two-day tour of the country’s sandy beaches and vibrant Riviera-town
capital, Sofia; next are three regional tours, resorts. Extra suggestions are provided
each lasting seven days. The first of the for those who want to extend their trip to
seven-day tours covers Northern and eight–nine days. Pick, combine and follow
Central Bulgaria, a fascinating mix of your choice of tour, or simply dip in and
old towns, archaeological treasures and out and be inspired.
Key
A Week in Southern Bulgaria
A Week in Northern and
Central Bulgaria
A Week on the Black Sea
Da nu
be
Glozhene
Monastery
A Week in Southern Iskûr Gorge
Troyan
Bulgaria Teteven Monastery
Troyan
•
Spend a day hiking in the Valley of
Is k ûr
•
Explore the mountain •
Discover the impressive
scenery of the Iskûr Gorge early-medieval ruins at
and the Vratsata Gorge. Shumen, Madara and
•
Visit the quaint, historic Veliki Preslav.
town of Teteven. •
Admire the medieval
•
Enjoy the war museums of capital Veliko Tûrnovo,
Pleven before pressing on before strolling along
to the elegant Danubian the cobbled streets
port of Ruse. of Arbanasi.
•
See the unique wetlands •
Marvel at the remnants
of Lake Sreburna before of Thracian funerary
delving into the Thracian culture in the Valley of
tombs at Sveshtari. the Thracian Kings.
Veliko Tûrnovo
Veliko Tûrnovo is Bulgaria’s
greatest medieval capitals.
Lake Sreburna
ube Silistra
Dan
A Week on the
Black Sea
Ruse •
Visit the buzzing resort town
Sveshtari Durankulak
Rusenski of Varna.
Lom Valley
Krapets
•
See the eccentric rock
formations of the Stone
Forest and the sunken
Ya n t r a
Sveti Kaliakra
Shumen Madara Konstantin forests of Kamchiya
Stone
Nature Reserve.
Varna
Arbanasi Forest
Veliki •
Tour the cliffs, lighthouses
Preslav Kamchiya
Veliko Tûrnovo Nature Reserve
and fishing villages of
Bulgaria’s northern coast.
Kamch i y a
Obzor
•
Discover the picturesque
peninsula town of Nesebûr.
Nesebûr •
Enjoy a day in Burgas, the
Burgas Pomorie Black laid-back capital of the
Sea southern coast.
Lake Poda Sozopol
•
Explore the seaside town
Ropotamo River
of Sozopol with its
a
dzh
Varna
A stunning stretch of
beach in the holiday
town of Varna.
12 INTRODUCING BULGARIA
A Week on the
Black Sea
•
Airports Arrive at Varna
airport and depart from
Burgas airport.
•
Transport In summer it is
possible to travel between
the main coastal resorts in
public buses and minibuses,
although a car can provide
more flexibility and is
recommended.
Day 1: Varna
Spend the day exploring Varna Strange rock formations at the Stone Forest near Varna
(p202), the largest city on the
Bulgarian coast and a vivacious (p209), a developing seaside Day 6: Beaches near Sozopol
holiday town in summers. An town with a white-sand beach. The coast south of Sozopol
antiquity-packed archaeological Continue southwards and is characterized by a string
museum and the remains of a pause at Nesebûr (p212), a of sandy bays, perfect for
Roman bath complex are picturesque peninsula town beach-hopping. Lozenets
among the many worthwhile that boasts a rich collection (p216) boasts a smooth
sights. Follow the café-lined of medieval churches, stretch of sand, kite-surfing
main street to the lush Sea pleasant seafood restaurants opportunities and a good
Gardens, which overlook a and some good accommo- selection of bars and
lively stretch of beach. dation options. restaurants. The most pristine
beaches are at Sinemorets
Day 2: Stone Forest, Day 5: Sozopol and around (p216), right on the Bulgarian-
Kamchiya Nature Reserve Follow the road south round Turkish border. Use Sozopol
Varna is a good base from the Bay of Burgas to the former as a base for exploring this
which to explore the fishing village of Sozopol (p215), stretch of coast.
surrounding countryside. Head and spend the day strolling
inland to admire the strange its narrow streets lined with Day 7: Burgas
rock pillars known as the Stone half-timbered houses. Savour Head back north to Burgas for
Forest (p209), before detouring Sozopol’s town beach or head a final day, exploring the most
southwards to take a boat trip in to Dyuni, a wonderful strip of relaxed and welcoming of
the coastal wetlands of the beach just to the south. If you Bulgarian cities. The flower-
Kamchiya Nature Reserve are not in beach-combing bedded city centre is perfect
(p209). Just north of the city, mood, consider a boat trip on for extended strolling, while
relax on the beach at the the reed-fringed Ropotamo the beachside Sea Gardens
resort complex of Sveti River (p215). are a wonderful place to
Konstantin (p208). unwind. Head for nearby
Lake Poda (p214) for a spot
Day 3: Villages north of of birdwatching, or enjoy the
Varna unsullied beaches at Pomorie
Spend a day touring the rocky, just to the north (p214).
cliff-scarred coast north of
Varna, stopping at Kaliakra To extend your trip…
(p207), a spectacular cape with Inland from Lozenets
a fortress at its tip. Of the many and Sinemorets, the forests
sleepy fishing villages further and villages of Strandzha
north, Krapets (p206) has a Nature Park (p217) merit
good beach, while Durankulak a 1-2 day excursion.
(p206) is famous for its nearby The small settlement of
lake rich in fish and birdlife. Brûshlyan features a well-
You can stay overnight in preserved collection of
Krapets (p206), or return traditional wooden houses,
to Varna. while the village of Bûlgari
celebrates St Konstantin
Day 4: Coast road to Nesebûr and St Elena’s Day with
Follow the coastal road south View of the Black Sea as seen from a city displays of fire-dancing.
of Varna to reach Obzor park in Burgas
16 INTRODUCING BULGARIA
Olt
Vidin
Alexandria
Lom
Kozloduy
Oryahovo Nikopol
Svishtov
k
Is
Nikopolis
Berkovitsa Ad Istrum
Vratsa
Lûkovit
S E R B I A Lovech
Veliko Tûrnovo
Sevlievo
Botevgrad
MACEDONIA dop
Devin es
ma
Pi
Me
Dospat
sta
Gotse Kûrdzhali
ri
Delchev
Smolyan a Momchilgrad
n
A rd
Melnik
Zlatograd
Nes
Key tos
Motorway GREECE
Motorway under construction Komotini
Drama
Major road
Other road S trimo Kavala
na
Railway
International border
Aegean
Thasos Sea
For map symbols see back flap
PUT TING BULGARIA ON THE MAP 17
Ploieşti
Sofia and Environs
Lokorsko
Bozhurishte
Chepintsi
Nadezhda
Slobozia Is
ku
Serdika
Bucharest Lyulin
r
Poduyane
SOFIA
Ovcha kupel
Călăraşi Slatina
Buxton Iskar
Vitosha Kazichene
Silistra
Mladost
Tutrakan
Boyana
Dobrich Cape
Shabla
Razgrad
Byala Balchik Kavarna
Novi Pazar Cape
Kaliakra
Shumen Golden Sands
Targovishte
Devnya Varna
Veliki
Omurtag Preslav
Elena
Obzor
Bla ck
Aytos Cape
S ea
Sliven Emine
Karnobat
Burgas
Yambol Sozopol
Nova Zagora
Cape
Tu n
Sredets
Maslen Nos
Radnevo
dz h a
Tsarevo 0 kilometres 50
Elhovo
Galabovo
0 miles 50
Harmanly
Europe ESTONIA
Svilengrad LATVIA
SW E D E N
Kirklareli
Edirne North D E N MA R K
LITHUANIA
Sea
BELARUS
UNITED
Babaaeski KINGDOM N ET H E R LA N D S POLAND
GERMANY
B ELG IU M
Lüleburgaz CZECH
REPUBLIC UKRAINE
SLOVAKIA
BOSNIA SERBIA
HERZ.
I TA LY
MONTEN. KOS. BULGARIA
MAC.
Tekirdağ SPAIN ALBANIA
GREECE TURKEY
Keşan
TU N ISIA
A PORTRAIT OF
BULGARIA
A combination of stunning scenery and Mediterranean climate have
made Bulgaria one of Europe’s best-loved tourist destinations. Attention
has focused on the Black Sea beaches and high-altitude winter resorts,
but the sheer diversity of natural beauty spots, archaeological sites and
picture-postcard villages ensures that there is much more here to stir
the traveller’s imagination.
Heritage plays a highly visible role in such as Sunny Beach and Golden Sands
Bulgarian society, with medieval churches alternating with historic ports such
and monasteries drawing a steady as Nesebûr and Sozopol.
stream of pilgrims, and folk festivals Inland, some two-thirds of Bulgaria’s
retaining an important position in rural territory is made up of hills and
life. Such traditions provide a contrast mountains. This vast area of wilderness
with contemporary Bulgaria’s rapid provides plenty of scope for active
transformation into a modern European holidays, whether hiking in summer or
society. Recent decades have witnessed skiing in winter. The natural beauty and
the end of Communism, the birth of geographical isolation of the highland
a market economy, and the country’s regions is one reason why so many
integration into the European Union. monasteries were founded here in the
This roller coaster of social change makes Middle Ages. Rich in luminous icons and
today’s Bulgaria one of Europe’s most vibrant frescoes, monasteries such as
vibrant and invigorating destinations. Rila and Bachkovo shelter communities
Lined with long sandy beaches, that preserve the spiritual heritage of
Bulgaria’s Black Sea coast is the country’s the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. In
most obviously captivating natural many mountain villages, a traditional
attribute – with purpose-built resorts way of life, often based on sheep- or
A glacial lake set in the extraordinary wild and remote Rila Mountains of southwestern Bulgaria
Traditional mule carts among vineyards in the Gavrailovo district near Sliven, central Bulgaria
A PORTRAIT OF BULGARIA 23
Folk Festivals
A busy calendar of festivals and religious
celebrations ensures that age-old songs
and dances remain part of contemporary
life. Traditional costumes, while no longer
forming part of everyday attire, are still
donned on such festive occasions. Some
of these folk festivals attract participants
and spectators from countries all over the
world. Probably the largest folk event is
Baba Marta
the summer Koprivshtitsa Folk Festival, is a tradition of
held every five years (the next one is in giving red and
2015). Other important summer festivals white tassels on
include the Apollonia Arts Festival in 1 March for
Sozopol, and international folk fairs in good luck.
Varna and Nesebûr, on the Black Sea coast.
Early History
Khan Boris I wanted an
autonomous Church for Bulgaria.
He negotiated with both seats of
Christian power, Constantinople
and Rome, until in AD 870 the
former granted Bulgaria an
autonomous bishopric. In 1054,
after disagreements mainly
Cyril and Methodius over doctrinal issues and
were 9th-century jurisdiction, these two centres
Greek monks who of Christianity split into what
tried to convert the would become the Orthodox
Slavs. Cyrillic script is and Catholic churches.
named after St Cyril,
who laid the Candles are symbolic of many things,
foundations of the including the faith of the worshippers
Cyrillic alphabet. and the light of knowledge.
Iconostasis
The iconostasis is a screen on which icons
of saints are displayed. Dividing the faithful Beautiful frescoes, like these 16th-century ones at
from the Sanctuary, it also symbolizes the Arbanasi, cover the walls of Bulgarian churches and
division between Earth and Heaven. It is monasteries. Fresco-painting was introduced from
usually of dark wood delicately carved Byzantium in the Middle Ages, and Bulgarian artists
with natural motifs. Dragons, symbolizing developed their own style. A popular subject on west
sinful passions tamed by Christian faith, are walls of churches is the Apocalypse, reminding the
a frequent motif in Bulgarian iconostases. departing faithful of judgment for their actions.
Key
The order of icons on an
iconostasis is not rigid but Icons of the Patriarchs
usually follows the plan Icons of the Prophets
on the right. Rows may Icons of Liturgical Feasts
not follow the same
Deesis (most important)
sequence, and all five are
not always featured. An The Sovereign Row
icon of one of the church’s Icon of the Virgin
patron saints sometimes Icon of Christ or Church
takes the place of the
icon of Christ. The Royal Doors
28 INTRODUCING BULGARIA
Bulgarian Architecture
From Thracian times to the present day, Bulgaria has been home
to several remarkable civilizations. As a result, the country’s
architectural landscape is rich and varied. While the Thracians left
impressive decorated tombs, the Romans, who made Bulgaria part
of their Balkan empire, were great builders of theatres, temples
and public baths. Their Byzantine and Bulgarian successors built
sturdy fortresses and spectacular churches. The Ottomans also
had a taste for grand civic projects, erecting mosques, bazaars and
elegant stone bridges. The 19th-century National Revival led to Aleksandûr Nevski Memorial
a flowering of domestic architecture rich in ornamentation. By Church in Sofia, built in the
contrast, modern architecture is generally far less appealing. Neo-Byzantine style
Ancient Architecture
Burial mounds built by ancient Thracian rulers are one of the trademarks
of the Bulgarian landscape. Many have been excavated, revealing domed
burial chambers richly decorated with finely executed paintings and
sculpture. The graves were also filled with exquisite gold and silver
treasure (see pp44–5). The Thracians were conquered by the Romans, who
built set-piece cities such as Nikopolis ad Istrum (now ruined), north of
present-day Veliko Tûrnovo, and the first Christian churches, such as the The Roman
beautifully proportioned Rotunda of Sveti Georgi (see p69). amphitheatre in Plovdiv
was built in the 2nd
Thracian tomb built around the 4th century AD and is still
century BC for a king or rich nobleman. used for concerts.
The design of these tombs
vary, being either barrel-
vaulted, pyramidal
or beehive-shaped
(as here).
Modern Architecture
Modernist currents had little influence in Bulgaria, although
the Bulgarian National Bank in Sofia (1938) was an attempt
to combine functionalism with Bulgarian style. After World
War II, the Communist regime built a handful of prestigious
buildings, such as the Neo-Classical Party House in Sofia.
To provide cheap housing, the Communists also built
many concrete apartment blocks, which now look dull and
neglected. Since the fall of Communism, sleek glass-walled
office blocks have sprung up all over Bulgaria, although few
of these are likely to stand the test of time. The Black Sea National Palace of Culture (NDK), built
coast has also seen rapid building development. in Sofia and opened in 1981, has a
muscular functionality. It is the largest
conference and arts centre in
southeastern Europe.
Valley of Roses
Really a lowland trough comprising three neighbouring
valleys, the Valley of Roses is framed by the lofty Balkan
mountains to the north and the thickly forested Sredna
Gora hills to the south. The valley is named after the rose
plantations which for centuries have supplied Bulgaria’s
rose-oil industry. Grown in villages around Karlovo and
Kazanlûk, the crop is harvested as soon as the blooms
appear in late May – before the oil evaporates, so you won’t
see the pink flowers unless you’re visiting then. The valley
also features vineyards, luscious fruit orchards, and The damask rose, imported for cultivation by
meadows covered in wild flowers every spring. Ottoman merchants
Oryahovo
D anub e
Svishtov
1
ur
Isk Pleven
3
The Danubian Plain holds about ta Suhindol
S
Marica
la Plovdiv
Ri 8
Blagoevgrad Brestovica
Asenovgrad
Rh
od
ope
Pir
s
1
in
Stru
ma
Melnik da
Ar
Struma Valley’s favourable climate
produces an excellent wine – Melnik
Red – from a native varietal grape,
Shiroka Melnishka, as well as good
Merlots, and Cabernet Sauvignons.
Buying Wine
Well-known vineyards like Damianitza, near Melnik (see
pp120–21), and Todoroff, near Plovdiv (see pp138–43), are
open to tourists, who can sample the wines and buy a
bottle or two to take home. Elsewhere in Bulgaria, wine is
usually sold direct from wine cellars, or from roadside stalls,
and is often decanted straight from the barrel into plastic
bottles or other containers. This is a fun way to buy wine
cheaply, but the quality can vary. It is often better to wait
until you can buy a labelled bottle of wine from a reputable
shop. Specialist wine shops include Loza in Sofia, and Bai
Gencho, a chain with branches throughout the country. Wine outlet attached to a local vineyard
A PORTRAIT OF BULGARIA 33
Silistra
Black Sea vineyards, such as those at
21 the former royal palace of Evksinograd,
Ruse produce excellent sweet dessert wines
2
thanks to the long mild autumns. Inland,
29
the rolling hills of Preslav are known for
7 Dobrich
their dry white Traminer wine.
5
Key
9
zha
5
Ma r
i ca
A1
Haskovo
Trifon Zarezan
One of the most important days in the
vintner’s calendar, St Tryphon’s feast
day marks the start of the pruning
season. It is celebrated by ritually
sprinkling the vineyard with a mix
Typical red wines include of holy water and last year’s wine,
Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon, ensuring healthy growth and a
but there are native varieties, good harvest in the year to come.
notably Melnik, Mavrud and Celebrations take place on 1 or 15
Gumza. Rkatziteli was the February, depending on the area,
first grape used for white and the feasting and merrymaking Local dignitary celebrating
wine, but today Chardonnay continue well into the night. Trifon Zarezan
is more popular.
34 INTRODUCING BULGARIA
Malyovitsa
2729m Musala
Borovets 2925m
The resort sits amid stunning Blagoevgrad Rila
scenery at the forested foot of Velingrad
Mount Musala. A combination of carpet Predela Pass
1140m
lifts, gondolas and chair lifts whisk skiers Goylama
Razlog
to the mountain top. It caters for advanced Bansko
Syutkya
2186m
skiers as well as beginners and there’s even Vihren
a ski-jump area. Long considered Bulgaria’s 2914m
Stru
Me
Sandanski Gotse
Borovets” project will vastly increase the resort’s Delchev
facilities and enhance its status.
Star attractions: Night skiing, great night life
Bansko
The newest of Bulgaria’s “Big Three” resorts,
Bansko (see pp122–4) has profited from massive
investment. Hotels and apartment blocks have
been built, and ski runs, lifts and cable cars cover
the Pirin Mountains that tower majestically over
the town. The ski runs are suitable for all abilities
and for all types of skiing – boarders, cross-
country, extreme and an area for tricks.
However, despite intense development,
Bansko is still a cozy town, with traditional
taverns as well as modern bars and clubs.
Star attractions: Snowboard Park at 2,500 m
(8,200 ft), uninterrupted 16-km (10-mile) ski run
A PORTRAIT OF BULGARIA 35
Statistics
Bansko
Resort at 925 m (3,035 ft)
Highest skiing 2,600 m (8,500 ft)
65 km (40 miles) from Sofia
13 lifts, 14 runs
Longest run 7 km (4 miles)
Total skiing 65 km (40 miles)
Cross country 5 km (3 miles)
Snow December– April
Borovets
The Pirin Mountains in winter, spectacular playground of skiers, snowboarders and Resort at 1,350 m (4,430 ft)
snowshoers from Bulgaria and western Europe Highest skiing 2,560 m (8,400 ft)
73 km (45 miles) from Sofia
14 lifts, 19 runs
Chepelare is a very small Longest run 12 km (7½ miles)
skiing resort with four fairly Total skiing 58 km (36 miles)
undemanding ski runs and Cross country 35 km (22 miles)
a highest peak of 1,873 m
Snow December–April
(6,145 ft). However, it has a
children’s ski centre and
would make a good place Pamporovo
to stay for beginners. It is Resort at 1,650 m (5,410 ft)
also a convenient and Highest skiing 1,937 m (6,350 ft)
inexpensive base from Pamporovo 260 km (160 miles) from Sofia
which to ski at the much Bulgaria’s southernmost and sunniest
larger and more developed 18 lifts, 8 runs
ski resort, Pamporovo is a purpose-built Total skiing 25 km (16 miles)
resort of Pamporovo.
resort, with villas and hotels scattered Cross country 40 km (25 miles)
around the base of pine-forested ski
Snow December–April
runs. Geared to catering for large
Ma
groups, Pamporovo has long attracted
r i tsa Vitosha
Western European visitors on
Resort at 1,800 m (5,900 ft)
Plovdiv inexpensive package holidays.
Pazardzhik Highest skiing 2,290 m (7,500 ft)
Star attractions: Beautiful
scenery Excellent for beginner/ 10 km (6 miles) from Sofia
Peshtera Asenovgrad 8 lifts, 6 runs
intermediate skiers
22 km of runs
Rodo Longest run 5 km (3 miles)
pi Mount Snezhanka, which is
Total skiing 40 km (25 miles)
just 1,926 m (6,321 ft) high,
Goylam Persenk
2094m has gentle slopes, with short Cross country 10 km (6 miles)
runs suitable for beginners Snow December–April
Chepelave Kurdzhali
Lake and intermediate skiers.
Pamporovo
Goylam Perelik Snezhanka Kurdzhali
2191m 1926 m
Smolyan Snowshoeing
A rd a
The sport developed from the necessity of having to get
around in deep snow. Tribesmen used sticks and animal skins
to create shoes with a large enough surface area to support
the wearer’s weight on the snow. These days, however, you
0 kilometres 25 use lightweight ski poles to help with balance and effective
0 miles 25
snowshoes, and once you work up a rhythm it comes quite
naturally. It’s easy but quite
tiring. The joy of it is that
you can get away into the
Key silent, unspoilt wilderness
of the mountains and
Motorway really have a chance to
Main road take it in. And it’s great
Other road exercise too. Snowshoeing
trips can be organized for
Peak Snowshoers enjoying the beautiful winter
you by many tour
Pass operators (see p247). scenery of the mountains
36 INTRODUCING BULGARIA
Bulgaria’s Coastline
Bulgaria is deservedly famous for its golden sandy
beaches. These make up 30 per cent of the country’s
Black Sea coastline, which stretches for 378 km
(235 miles). At the major resorts of Sunny Beach,
Golden Sands and Albena, the beaches have Blue
Flag status and life-guards, and offer waterskiing, jet-
skiing, para-skiing, and a multitude of other water-
related activities. However, swimmers and sunbathers
must pay to use these beaches, which also become
uncomfortably crowded in the high season. Away
from the major resorts, beaches are less crowded Sunny Beach is an enormous resort that
and access to them is free, although they may lack just keeps on growing and has everything
the package tourist could ask for. A glut of
facilities and are unlikely to have lifeguards. The
bars, clubs, restaurants and shops cater for
beaches further towards the south are windy enough the thousands of European tourists that
to attract surfers, windsurfers and kite surfers. pass through every season.
Ka
inland lake. A large hotels have sprung up along its
ch
m
hotel complex superb beach. •
iya
Dolni
dominates the northern
Chiflik •
end, but the rest of the
beach is free for the Staro
public to enjoy. Oryahovo
• Emine
Burgas Pomorie Cape
Mandra L.
Arapya, a hugely popular
destination with Bulgarians,
consists of a number of wooden
beachfront restaurants and
•
bars and a sprawling, partially Sozopol
shaded campsite.
Dyuni
Malsen Nos
Cape
•
Primorsko
Lozenets
•
Arapya
•
Tsarevo
Lake
Vranino Durankulashko
•
• Aksakovo Balchik •
• Krapets
Albena
Golden •
Shabla •
•
Varna Sands Kavarna
• Cape
Shabla
Sveti Sveti
Konstantin
And Elena
Cape
Kaliakra
0 kilometres 20
0 miles 20
Black
Sea
Albena is a vast resort that
is spread out among well-
kept parks and forests and
borders a superb beach. Its
curious 1970s architecture
is oddly appealing and,
of the big three resorts,
Albena is the most
peaceful and
family-oriented.
Krapets has by far the best
beach on the northern coast,
so this sleepy fishing village
was unlikely to escape major
development for long. As with
other quiet spots along the
coast, a number of hotels have
appeared and the trend looks
set to continue.
BULGARIA THROUGH
THE YEAR
Bulgaria has four distinct seasons, with a to the Julian calendar. The year is also
warm spring, a long hot summer, a golden punctuated by a wealth of arts festivals,
autumn and a crisp, cold winter. Religious ranging from film to jazz and classical music.
holidays, saints’ days and folk festivals form Some of these events are of international
the backbone of Bulgaria’s festive calendar. importance. Lastly, Bulgaria fetes its
Although the Orthodox Church ties the bountiful produce, with festivals celebrating
dates of religious festivals to the Gregorian wine and the roses from which fragrant
calendar, some rural communities still keep oil is extracted.
Spring
Spring presents Bulgaria at its
most beautiful, with both open
countryside and city parks
bright with lush green grass
and flowers in full bloom.
Cultural activity is also at its
height at this time. Concert
seasons reach their climax in
Sofia and Plovdiv. Easter, marked
by religious processions as well
as joyful family reunions and Easter Sunday procession, with an icon of Christ
much feasting, is the high point
of the church year. St Theodore’s Day (Todorovden; May
1st Saturday in Lent). Horse races St George’s Day (Gergyovden;
March in Koprivshtitsa, Dobrinishte 6 May). Military parades
Baba Marta (1 Mar). Red and and Momchilovtsi. throughout Bulgaria. Open-air
white tassels are worn as March Music Days (late Mar), feasting at Ak Yazula Baba Tekke,
bracelets or hung on trees Ruse. Series of concerts of near Obrochishte, and Demir
in order to bring good classical music. Baba Tekke, near Sveshtari.
fortune and prosperity Festival of Humour and Satire
in the coming year. April (mid-May), Gabrovo.
Shirokolushki peshyatsi (1st St Lazar’s Day (Lazarovden; Sofia Music Weeks (late May–
weekend in Mar). Mummers Saturday before Easter). In this early Jun). Concerts by Bulgaria’s
parade through the village important coming-of-age ritual, leading orchestras and
of Shiroka Lûka, in the carried out in villages all over chamber musicians.
Rhodope Mountains. Bulgaria, girls perform songs
and dances collectively known
as Lazaruvane to mark their
passage from childhood to
puberty. Lazaruvane bring
health, happiness, and the
promise of a good marriage
partner in the future.
Easter (variable dates). Families
celebrate Easter by decorating
eggs with colourful designs and
displaying them in the home.
The main church service takes
place late on Easter Saturday. At
midnight, the priest emerges
from behind the iconostasis,
with a candle representing
the Resurrection.
Easter Sunday Eleshnitsa
Masked mummers at Shirokolushki and elsewhere in Bulgaria. Military parade of uniformed soldiers on
peshyatsi in Shiroka Lûka Processions by kukeri (see p106). St George’s Day
BULGARIA THROUGH THE YEAR 39
Autumn
Autumn is generally a very
pleasant season in Bulgaria. The
weather usually remains mild
well into November with little
rainfall, making this a good time
for hiking and exploring rural
areas. Besides many religious
festivals, a wide spectrum of arts
festivals fills the autumn
months. The season starts with
the great Apollonia Arts Festival
in Sozopol, the largest event of
its kind in Bulgaria. Participants at celebrations to mark the Day of the National Enlighteners
November
Day of the National
Enlighteners (1 Nov). Concerts
and events all over the country.
Feast of the Archangel Michael
(Arhangelovden; 8 Nov).
Orthodox Bulgarians make
offerings to St Michael,
protector of the dead.
Kurban Bayram (variable; falls in
Oct in 2014, and Sep in 2015 and
2016), Muslim areas. Feasting to
commemorate the Sacrifice of
Abraham.
Kinomania Film Festival (Nov).
Bulgaria’s biggest film festival
runs throughout the month,
and is held at Sofia’s NDK
Band of musicians in concert at the Apollonia Arts Festival building (www.kinomania.bg).
BULGARIA THROUGH THE YEAR 41
Winter
While the Black Sea coast enjoys
mild winters, inland regions can
be bitterly cold, and mountains
are covered with a thick carpet
of snow. This is welcomed by
winter sports enthusiasts, with
the skiing season starting in
mid-December and lasting until
March or April. Winter is
particularly associated with
kukeri rituals, when mummers
wearing monstrous animal masks
perform wild dances, shaking
cowbells to drive away the evil
spirits that are abroad during
the long dark winter nights.
Although traditionally associated Christmas lights, trees and decorations in a Sofia street
with Cheese Shrovetide (the first
Sunday before Lent), kukeri Kukeri processions (1 Jan), February
rituals take place at different Razlog. Trifon Zarezan (1 or 15 Feb,
times. They occur in January Jordan Day (Yordanovden; depending on region). Vine-
across much of southwestern 6 Jan), Kalofer. People jump pruning festival celebrated in
Bulgaria, but are held in March into an icy river to retrieve a all of Bulgaria’s wine-growing
in Shiroka Lûka, and as late as wooden cross. areas. Vineyards are sprinkled
Easter in Eleshnitsa. St John’s Day (Ivanovden; 7 Jan). with the previous season’s wine
The most important name-day to ensure an even better crop
December of the year, and a celebration for in the coming year. Freshly
Young Red Wine Festival (early everyone called Ivan or Ivana, or baked bread and roast chicken
Dec), Sandanski. The new any of its derivatives. are the traditional food served.
season’s wine is feted. Kukeri processions (14 Jan),
St Nicholas’s Day (Nikulden; Pernik, Radomir and Breznik. Public Holidays
6 Dec).
Christmas (Koleda; 25 Dec). New Year’s Day 1 January
Koledari (carol singers) tour Liberation Day 3 March
villages, and are offered Easter Sunday & Easter
specially made bread in return. Monday variable
Labour Day 1 May
January
St George’s Day – Bulgarian
New Year’s Day Children tour
Army Day 6 May
their neighbourhood singing
songs and bearing survachki, Day of Bulgarian Education
and Culture 24 May
cornel twigs decorated with dried
fruit, corn and ribbons. Today Unification Day 6 September
householders are beaten lightly Independence Day
with the twigs to bring them 22 September
luck in the coming year; in the Costumed participants in Trifon Zarezan, Christmas 25, 26 December
past the beatings were heavier. the vine-pruning festival
INTRODUCING BULGARIA 43
THE HISTORY OF
BULGARIA
At the crossroads of Europe and the Orient, Bulgaria has come under the influence
of many neighbouring cultures, from Greek and Roman to Byzantine and Bulgar.
Part of the Ottoman Empire for nearly 500 years, Bulgaria gained independence in
1878, but became a Communist republic in 1946. Today, Bulgaria is a fully democratic
state and a member of the European Union.
With a warm climate and fertile soil, the the cult of Orpheus, who journeyed to the
region that is now Bulgaria attracted Underworld in search of his wife Eurydice,
human settlement from ancient times. originated in Thrace before it became
Archaeological discoveries at Stara Zagora established in Greece.
show that, as early as 5500 BC, Neolithic From the 7th century BC, Thracians
people were living in the region, where and Greeks maintained close contact,
they grew crops, raised animals and made with Greeks from Asia Minor establishing
vividly decorated pottery. By 4000 BC, colonies on Thrace’s Black Sea coast. Greek
metalworking techniques in the region settlements such as Mesembria (present-
had developed to become one of the day Nesebûr) and Apollonia (Sozopol)
most advanced in Europe, as the exquisite supplied Athens and other Greek cities
gold jewellery found near Varna shows with grain, honey and animal hides from
so vividly. the Thracian hinterland.
After the 4th century BC, several Thracian
Thracians and Greeks tribes, notably the Odrysae in central
By 1000 BC, southeastern Europe was Bulgaria and the Getae in the northeast,
falling under the power of a people established powerful states. But, being
known as the Thracians. Across a territory disunited, the Thracians were unable to
consisting of present-day Bulgaria, resist their more powerful neighbours.
Romania and northern Greece, the Philip II of Macedon invaded southern
Thracians formed tribal states. These Thrace in the 4th century BC, founding the
were ruled by warrior-kings who may city of Philippopolis (present-day Plovdiv).
also have played a priestly role. In 335 BC, his son Alexander the Great
It is thought that the Thracians subdued Thracian tribes as far north
performed ecstatic religious rituals similar as the Danube. As Macedonian influence
to the wine-fuelled Dyonisiac revels of grew, the Thracian tribes lost their
ancient Greece. The Thracians also independence, but this brought them
believed in an afterlife, and it is likely that into closer contact with Greek culture.
Fresco of St George and the Dragon at an Orthodox church in Varna, on the Black Sea coast
44 INTRODUCING BULGARIA
Thracian Tombs
To date, over 50 tomb complexes have
been excavated in Bulgaria and many
more are certain to be discovered.
Believing in an afterlife, the Thracians
built an eternal house for a dead king
and filled it with weapons, jewellery
and even horses or dogs. Animal sacrifice
was an important part of the ritual,
although whether this was for food or Burial mounds such as Mogila Ostrusha, near Kazanlûk, dot
to accompany them is not known. the Bulgarian countryside. Mogila Ostrusha dates from the 5th
These royal tombs became temples century BC and has five chambers. The ceiling is carved with
or sacred places. reliefs of people, plants and animals.
Gold Amazon-head
rhyton or wine-cup
from Panagyurishte.
The Amazon wears a veil
over her neat hair and a
necklace. At the top
of the handle stands
a Persian-style figure
of a flying sphinx. The
frequency of wine-cups
in burials reveals the
importance of wine in
such rituals.
Heracles is shown on
this 4th-century BC
silver plate from
Rogozen in a
natural Greek
style. A hero who
came back from
Hades, Heracles
was a cult figure
A wife would compete for the honour of among the Thracians.
being killed and buried with her lord,
according to Greek historian Herodotus.
Thracian helmet made of bronze
A Warrior Nation and dating from around the
end of the 3rd century BC.
Greek and Roman historians portrayed the
Examples of helmets have
Thracians as superior fighters – tough, mobile and
been found with leather
with excellent cavalry. To the ancient Greeks, inserts to ensure a firm
Thrace was a hostile and wild place, home of Ares, fit to the skull. Other
god of war. The Romans had a type of gladiator finds include
named after the Thracians – lightly armed with a breastplates,
curved sword and circular shield. Spartacus, the swords, spears
gladiator who started a revolt that nearly and greaves, or
overthrew Rome (see p119), was Thracian. shin guards.
46 INTRODUCING BULGARIA
1744 Construction
1650 The Church of the Nativity in of the Tombul
Arbanasi is decorated with Mosque in Shumen
frescoes, showing that Bulgarian
Christian art continues to flourish Interior of the Tombul
Mosque, Shumen
1810 As the Bulgarian 1835 The Velcho Conspiracy, a plot 1844 First periodical printed
economy grows, an urban to overthrow Ottoman rule, is in the country in the
middle class emerges foiled in Veliko Tûrnovo Bulgarian language
THE HISTORY OF BULGARIA 51
Independent Bulgaria
Having played a key part in the Liberation,
Russia expected to have a guiding role in the
new Bulgaria. The Bulgarian army and civil
service also desperately needed an influx of
Russian bureaucrats to help the fledgling
state get on its feet. Alexandûr Batenberg,
a German aristocrat who had served as a
volunteer in the Russian army, was chosen
Monument to martyrs of the April Rising, Koprivshtitsa to become the principality’s new ruler. A
natural autocrat, Prince Alexandûr had
In April 1877 Russia declared war on the difficulty in dealing with Bulgaria’s radical
Ottoman Empire. Despite Ottoman resistance, politicians, many of whom had been
Russian forces soon overran Bulgaria and republican revolutionaries before the
forced the sultan to accept defeat. In March Liberation. He also had problems with
1878, under the terms of the Treaty of San Bulgaria’s Russian masters.
Stefano, an independent Bulgarian state was In 1886 Bulgarian nationalists took control
created. Besides core Bulgarian territory, it of Eastern Rumelia and uni-laterally declared
included large parts of Thrace and Macedonia. its union with the Principality of Bulgaria. The
Britain, France, Germany and other Russians, enraged that they had not been
Western powers suspected that Russia con-sulted, kidnapped Prince Alexandûr
would use the new Bulgarian state to and tried to provoke a pro-Russian coup.
increase its influence in the Balkans. In June Alexandûr was released, but was forced
1878, at the hastily called Congress of Berlin, to abdicate. Another central European
“Greater Bulgaria” was dismembered. A aristocrat, Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,
Principality of Bulgaria, still nominally subject became the principality’s new head, and
to the Ottomans, was created north of the Bulgaria’s foreign policy was reoriented
Balkans, with its capital at Sofia. Bulgaria towards Germany and Austria-Hungary.
south of the Balkans became a self-governing
province of the Ottoman Empire, called
Eastern Rumelia, with Plovdiv as its capital.
Macedonia still remained a part of the
Ottoman Empire, without self-governing
status. For staunch Bulgarian patriots,
the Congress of Berlin represented a major
defeat, and their dream of reuniting the
territories assigned to Bulgaria at the Treaty
of San Stefano became the dominant theme
of Bulgarian politics for the next 70 years. Evacuation of wounded from the Shipka Pass, 1877
1861 Bulgarian exiles form the 1877–8 The Russo-Turkish War ends 1893 Ivan Vazov publishes
Bulgarian Legion in Belgrade to in defeat for the Ottomans his masterpiece, the
fight alongside Serbs against the nationalist epic novel
1878 The Congress of Berlin creates the
Ottoman Empire Under the Yoke
autonomous Principality of Bulgaria
Educational Reform
One of the main popularizers of Father Paisii’s work was
Neofit Rilski (1793–1881), a Bansko-born monk who
devoted himself to the promotion of Bulgarian-language
education. His Bulgarian Grammar (1835) was one of the
first-ever text books in the language. He also translated a
huge quantity of religious texts from Greek into Bulgarian,
and spent decades working on a huge
Greek-Slavic Dictionary. Most importantly,
Neofit Rilski headed the first
secondary school in Bulgaria,
founded by Vassil Aprilov in
Gabrovo in 1835. He went on to
found a similar school two years
later in Koprivshtitsa, introducing
modern secular teaching methods
Aprilov High School, Gabrovo, built in 1835 to later taken up across the whole
resemble the Rishelyov Lyceum in Odessa of Bulgaria.
Ecclesiastical Architecture
Relatively unharmed by the Ottomans – and the only form of public
construction permitted, churches acquired civic functions, becoming keepers
of the national identity. As the only outlet for Bulgarian nationalism, a wave of
church building activity swept the country during the 1830s and 1840s. The
renovation of Rila Monastery was one of the great patriotic projects of the era,
funded by contributions from Bulgarians keen to turn Rila into a national
spiritual landmark. One of Neofit Rilski’s most famous followers was Zahari
Zograf, a Samokov-born painter whose work can be seen in churches and
monasteries throughout the country. Among his best-known works are the
Zahari Zograf (1810– icons inside Rila monastery church, and frescoes in the church’s porch.
53), the artist, portrayed
in the semi-Asiatic attire
of a 19th-century
Bulgarian gentleman.
1913 The Second Balkan War, in which Bulgaria is driven 1915–18 Bulgaria 1923
out of Macedonia by Greeks and Serbs joins in World War I Stambolyiski is
on the German side overthrown and
1912–13 The First Balkan War, in which
murdered
Bulgaria defeats the Ottomans
1946 Bulgaria becomes 1953 The death of Stalin in Moscow leads to a 1975 Todor Zhivkov’s
a republic and young political thaw throughout Eastern Europe daughter Lyudmila
Tsar Simeon II is forced to becomes Minister
1954–6 Chervenkov is removed from government, to be
leave the country of Culture
replaced by new party secretary Todor Zhivkov
1978 Bulgarian 1984–5 2001 Simeon of 2013 Borisov is forced out of office
dissident Georgi Bulgarian Turks Saxe-Coburg-Gotha by massive public demonstrations
Markov is assassinated are made to November 1989 (Simeon II) is elected
with a poisoned adopt Bulgarian Todor Zhivkov is prime minister 2005 Simeon of Saxe-
umbrella in London names forced to resign Coburg-Gotha loses power to
Tsar Simeon II the Socialist Sergei Stanishev
Bulgaria at a Glance
Combining long sandy beaches with bustling cities,
rich history and dramatic landscapes, Bulgaria is one
of Europe’s most varied destinations. Its two main
cities, Sofia and Plovdiv, are urban centres rich in
historical relics, contemporary cultural events and
year-round nightlife. The mountains offer superb
hiking opportunities, beautiful scenery and highland
valleys, and are home to the traditional villages and
monasteries that kept Bulgaria’s culture alive during five
centuries of Ottoman rule. The Black Sea coast has
Svetlin Rusev Gallery in Pleven
something for everyone, from beachside resorts is largely devoted to the work of Sveltin
pulsating with dusk-to-dawn night-life to Rusev, a native of the town (see p189). The
stretches of wild coast with beautiful, building, in the Neo-Byzantine style, was
unspoiled villages. originally a public baths complex.
Vidin
Oryahovo Nikopol
NORTHERN BULGARIA
Montana (see pp180–97)
Pleven
Berkovitsa Vratsa
Lûkovit
Lovech
Botevgrad
SOFIA Pridop
(see pp62–101)
Karlovo
Radomir
Russian Church in Sofia
was built for the community of
Russians that settled in the city Kyustendil
Dupnitsa Kostenets
(see p75). It is based on the design
of 16th-century Muscovy churches Plovdiv
and was consecrated in 1914.
Blagoevgrad
Asenovgrad
SOUTHERN
BULGARIA
(see pp102–47)
Smolyan
Petrich
Plovdiv,
an important cultural and commercial
metropolis, is Bulgaria’s second-largest city
(see pp138–43). The historic centre is notable
for its fine National Revival houses.
Aerial view of the historic old town of Nesebûr, located on the Black Sea coast
B U LG A R I A AT A G L A N C E 61
Basarbovo Monastery,
whose name means “Cut in
the Rock”, lies in the canyon-
like valley of the River Lom
(see p192). The waters of
the monastery’s well, which
is said to have been dug by
St Dimitûr himself, are
supposed to have
healing powers.
Kamen Briag
Silistra
is one of the wildest and
Tutrakan
most beautiful spots on
the Black Sea coast
Ruse Kubrat (see p206). The rocky
coastline here is riddled
with caves and the area is
Dobrich
rich in archaeological
Razgrad Kavarna remains, including the
Byala
vestiges of a Roman and
Novi Pazar
Byzantine fortress.
Shumen
Varna
Kazanlûk Karnobat
Burgas
Yambol
Stara Zagora
Sredets
Elhovo
Tsarevo
Galabovo
Exploring Sofia
The capital of Bulgaria since 1879, Sofia was laid out on
a grid plan by 19th-century urban planners. A royal
palace, parliament house and various government
ministries were built in the eastern part of the centre,
providing Sofia with a quarter of fine buildings which
still exists today. The Roman, medieval and Ottoman-
era buildings that also dot Sofia give some idea of the
city’s ancient origins. Monumental public buildings
from the Communist period add a melancholy
grandeur to downtown squares and intersections.
The main social artery of modern Sofia is Bulevard
Vitosha, a permanently bustling shopping
thoroughfare with cobbled residential streets on Changing of the Guard at the Presidency
either side. Outside the city centre, Sofia is dominated
by residential suburbs broken up by attractive swathes
of green parkland and the looming presence of BU L. SL IV NI TS A
Mount Vitosha.
UIL
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Buhovo PLOSHTAD
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AT
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BULGARYA
Bistritsa Planina
N
N A N SE
Kladnitsa
A3
0 kilometres 10
V
0 miles 10
F RI T IO
Key
Area of the main map
Sights at a Glance
Places of Worship Museums and Galleries Theatre
1 Church of Sveta Nedelya 0 National Polytechnic Museum l National Theatre
3 Church of Sveta Petka q Archaeological Museum
Historic Streets and Squares
Samardzhiiska pp72–3
4 Rotunda of Sveti Georgi 8 Zhenski Pazar Market
r National Art Gallery
6 Banya Bashi Mosque a National Assembly Square
t Natural History Museum
9 Sofia Synagogue x Slaveykov Square
p National Gallery of Foreign Art
y Russian Church
s Military Museum Palaces, Historic Buildings and
u Aleksandûr Nevski Memorial
k Ivan Vazov House-Museum Monuments
Church pp76–7
2 Monument to Sveta Sofia
i Church of Sveta Sofia z City Art Gallery
5 Mineral Baths
j Church of Sveti n National History Museum
7 Central Market Hall
Sedmochislenitsi pp88–9 w Presidency
m Boyana Church c Peyu Yavorov Museum e Party House
, Dragalevtsi Monastery
v Museum of Socialist Art d Mausoleum of Prince
/ Monastery of St George Aleksandûr Batenberg
f Monument to the Soviet Army
g Red House
Luvov PLOSHTAD
most SA
STOCHNA b National Palace of Culture
BU L. SL IV N IT GARA
A N G ISTA
Parks and Gardens
M A R IA YA G IN YA
A
IL
PO P BO GO M h Borisova Gradina
LO U I S
D IY
I METO
KIRIL
o Botanical Garden
GE OR GI
Y
ME TO DI
BULE
I
KN
KI R IL
. Mount Vitosha pp92–3
DO
B A C HO
CH
UN
BUL.
VA R D
UM
AV
SA VA
IF
OS
GE OR GI
ER
Y
S IM E ON
SE R D IK
NA
T SA R RH
ZA
K IRO
EK UR
Key
VA S I L
ISK
R A KO VS
BU DA P E
11
A
B E N KO
E KZ AR H
Y O SIF S A Major sight
SIT
AU
RO
GU
VE SL ET
KI
Pedestrian street
S H TA
VS K I
IS K UR
LEVS
A
ST
N
NI
PA
A
PL
RIS
RA
S
T R I A DIT S A A
KI
ST
KOV
A. DONDU
BU L. K N YA Z
1 1 AV GU
HA
PARI S
V RA BC
MOS
KOV
SKA M O SK
O VS KA PLOSHTAD
Getting Around
ST
PAMETNIK
LEVSKI
Central Sofia is easy to explore on foot,
G
PLOSHTAD
ER
BU NEVSKI
NB
VA
TE
LEG
RD
BA
TS SHIP
SK
A.
AR KA
OV
OS
YA
VO
NK
KN
BO
suburbs, while buses and trolleybuses are a
BE
KI
DI
TE
VS
L
.
ST
G
EF
A
RA
AK
I
VR
N SA
KO fringes. Taxis are numerous and inexpensive.
EM
KA
GR
V
VA
RA SL
PT
AF
D AV
SE
JA YA St. Kliment
BU
I
RG NS Ohridski
6
IV
which cross the city centre from east to
L.
GE AN KA
EO
TS
G NE
RA west and north to south, will be joined
KI
AR
AN
L VA
VS
ZO
HM
IG
LE
GU
SV
IS
TI
SH
RK
O
EV
O
BO
SI
AN
VA
HA
D
IV
YU
IT
R V
N
A G
IE
EL
RI
TS
RD
EN
RG
KR
ER
VA
EO
UM
A
L VE
LE
IG
N
EL
BU
EV TI M Y PA IN G National
G
RE L O
RA
Stadium
EV
N
F
SO Vasil Levski
RD
V
IG
N
VA
AT
LE
IE
V
BU
Vasil Levski
Stadium
For map symbols see back flap For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp222–3 and pp232–4
66 SOFIA AREA BY AREA
MOSKOVSK
r National Art A
Gallery
This fine 19th-century
former palace displays
paintings by Bulgaria’s KNYA Z AL.
BATENBERG
best artists. SQUARE
RG
BE
SA
BO
I
N
RN
AT
TE
A
N
BA
IG
L.
N
KO
A
Z
YA
YA
D
N
K
S
I
RG
IV
EO
AN
VA
G
ZO
q . Archaeological Museum z City Art
V
A converted mosque, the Gallery
museum has a dazzling GE
N.
array of ancient and GU
RK
medieval treasures. O
t Natural
l National Theatre k Ivan Vazov History Museum
Built in an opulent Neo-Classical Museum This museum has a
style, the National Theatre It honours the great collection ranging
is home to Bulgaria’s leading poet, novelist and from rocks
state drama company. playwright. to snakes.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp222–3 and pp232–4
SOFIA 67
y . Russian Church
Built in 1914 to serve Sofia’s
Russian community,
the Russian Church is
modelled on Muscovite
church architecture.
Key
Suggested route
Locator Map
See Street Finder map pp98–101
0 metres 100
0 yards 100
a National Assembly
Completed in 1928, this
i Church of Sveta Sofia relatively plain building is in
This small church has a restrained Classical Revival
Roman origins. style, with Grecian motifs.
o Botanical Garden
A tidy collection of
exotic and fragrant flora.
OBORISHTE
I
VR
EM
BUL
NO
. TS
AR p National Gallery of
OSV Foreign Art
OBO
TI
15
fascinating collection.
RA
.
Kristal Park
This green
square is named
after the café on
its south side.
u . Aleksandûr Nevski
Memorial Church Monument to the Liberators
This stupendous Orthodox Commemorating the heroes of the
cathedral commemorates National Liberation of 1878, the monument
Russia’s role in the is crowned with an equestrian statue of
Liberation of 1878. Alexander II of Russia, the “Tsar Liberator”.
68 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
Church of Sveta Nedelya, built on the site of earlier churches and an important focus of Christian worship in Sofia
7 Central Market
Hall
Централни Софийски Хали
bul. Knyaginya Mariya Luiza 25. City
Map 1 B3. q Serdika. v 1, 7, 20, 22.
Open 7:30am–9:30pm daily.
Boasting two huge floors of
delicatessen stalls, food outlets,
clothing shops and jewellery
outlets, Central Market Hall
(Tsentralni hali) is one of Sofia’s
busiest buildings. Built in 1909
and restored in the 1990s, it is
also one of the most distinctive.
The impressive Art Nouveau Central Market Hall, often simply called the Market Hall (Halite)
main portal bears Sofia’s coat
of arms and is topped by a inexpensive clothes, crafts, and to a magnificent and ornate
dainty three-dial clocktower. kitchenware. Flower sellers brass chandelier weighing over
The original mechanism, with congregate around the northern 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). The interior
shiny brass cogwheels and end of the market. Zhenski pazar also has some exquisite details
pendulum, is preserved in a is enduringly popular with in its Moorish mosaics, painted
glass case on the ground floor Sofia’s pensioners, as prices here pillars and scalloped arches. It is
of the Hall. The Victorian-style can be rather significantly lower not always possible to see
iron pillars, balustrades and than elsewhere in the city. inside the synagogue – knock
roofing beams of the cavernous Pickpockets also operate here, at the door to see if a visit is
interior convey a wonderful so visitors should exercise possible – there is a Jewish
sense of period. extreme caution. Museum of History that tells the
history of the Jews in Bulgaria.
9 Sofia Synagogue
Софийска Синагога 0 National
ul. Ekzarh Iosif 16. City Map 1 B3. Polytechnic
q Serdika. v 1, 7, 20, 22. Open Museum
9am–4pm Mon–Fri, 10am–2pm Sun. Политехнически музей
A spectacular Moorish design, ul. Opulchenska 66. Tel (02) 831 3004.
one of the largest synagogues q Opulchenska. 1, 5, 22.
in Europe, this place of worship Open 9am–5pm daily. & 8
can hold as many as 1,300 ∑ polytechnicmuseum.org
Colourful fresh produce at the popular people, although these days
Zhenski Pazar Market the numbers are far, far fewer. Located about a fifteen-minutes’
Designed by Austrian architect walk west of the centre, the
8Zhenski Pazar Friedrich Grünanger and National Polytechnic Museum
Market completed in 1909, it is home (Natsionalen politehnicheski
Женски Пазар muzei) is Bulgaria’s principal
science museum, with a large
City Map 1 A2. v 1, 7, 20, 22.
and eclectic collection of
Open 8am–7:30pm daily.
various machines, laboratory
Five minutes’ walk west of the instruments and gadgets
synagogue, Zhenski pazar through the ages. Everything
(Women’s Market) is Sofia’s from telescopes to the history
biggest and most crowded of television is covered in
open-air market, stretching for the display, which also includes
over 500 m (600 yards) along a handful of elegant vintage
ulitsa Stefan Stambolov. Full of cars, and a pair of motorbikes
shoppers each day, it represents made by the famous Plovdiv-
a lively and traditional based “Balkan” factory in the
alternative to the shopping 1960s. There’s also a fine
malls springing up elsewhere in display of early 20th-century
the city. Fruit, vegetables and porcelain and tabl eware,
other foodstuffs are the main most of it donated by Bulgaria’s
attraction, although you can Detail of the ornate Moorish exterior of the former royal family, the
also pick up all manner of Sofia Synagogue Saxe-Coburg-Gothas.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp222–3 and pp232–4
SOFIA 71
q Archaeological Museum
Археологически Музей Illyrian Helmet
Many of Bulgaria’s finest Thracian, Roman and This bronze helmet of
the 6th century BC
medieval treasures are preserved in Sofia’s was found in
Archaeological Museum (Arheologicheski the grave of an
muzei). The building itself was once the Buyuk Illyrian warrior.
Dzhamiya, or Grand Mosque, which was built Laurel
in 1494 and converted into the present Wreath
museum in 1892. The former prayer hall, a lofty
cube-shaped space beneath nine graceful
domes, provides the perfect ambience in which
to admire an open-plan display of Greek, Roman
and medieval sculpture. The side rooms are
devoted to a stunning sequence of treasures
dating from Bulgaria’s prehistoric, Thracian
and medieval periods.
Mezzanine III
. Golden Burial Mask from Kran, near Shipka
Unearthed in 2004, this mesmerizing portrait of a
Thracian king dates from the late 5th century BC.
Found with a hoard of other items, it is finely crafted
from 673 g (1 lb 8 oz) of solid gold.
Mezzanine II
Ground floor
. Main Hall
Roman sculptures, tombstones and floor mosaics are
arranged beneath a sequence of elegant arches.
Gallery Guide
This is an unusually inviting museum – it is located in an
attractive building, the collection is not over-whelmingly
large and the labelling is informative. After passing through
the light and airy main hall, visitors can head up to the
top mezzanine to see the Thracian gold, walk
around the gallery and then, if time allows,
simply explore at will.
Main
entrance
Key to Floorplan
Medieval Bulgarian Art Thracian Rider
Prehistoric Finds Depictions of the
Iron Age Art hunter-god often
adorn Thracian tombs. In
Ancient Thracian Treasures
this example, of the 3rd
Roman-era Art century BC, the rider is seated
Non-exhibition space on a lion-skin saddle, as his horse
tramples a wild beast.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp222–3 and pp232–4
SOFIA 73
Laurel Wreath
Discovered in a princely grave
dating from the 4th century BC, in
Rozovets near Plovdiv, this delicate
wreath features 63 leaves of gold.
Roman-era Sarcophagus
This 2nd-century AD Roman sarcophagus from
Ratiaria (Archar) on the Danube river is
decorated with Eros and bulls’ heads.
74 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
w Presidency
Президенство
ul. Lege. City Map 1 B4. q Serdika.
v 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 12, 18, 20, 22, 23.
Closed to the public.
Iconostasis in the Russian Church, with traditionally painted icons in elaborate gilt frames
76 SOFIA AREA BY AREA
Entrance to
the crypt
Clusters of Candles
Visitors to the
church buy candles
at the entrance, and
light them as a
symbol of prayer.
Main
entrance
KEY
1 West window
Mosaic of Christ 2 Gold-plated dome
This mosaic of Christ, with arms outstretched, fills the tympanum
over the portal’s central arch.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp222–3 and pp232–4
SOFIA 77
Dome Fresco
VISITORS’ CHECKLIST
God the Creator, with the Christ
Child on his knee, looks down on
Practical Information
the congregation. This church’s
pl. Aleksandûr Nevski. Main
frescoes were painted by Russian
Church: Tel (02) 988 1704.
and Bulgarian artists.
Open Nov–Feb: 7am–6pm daily;
Mar–Oct: 7am– 7pm daily. Icon
Gallery: Tel (02) 981 5775.
Open 10am–5:30pm Tue–Sun.
& 5 Liturgy 8am & 5pm daily.
Evening vigil 6:30pm Sat. Service
9:30am Sun.
Transport
q Sveti Kliment Ohridski. @ 9,
280, 306. 1, 2, 4, 9, 11.
. Iconostasis
The marble, onyx and alabaster iconostasis
features carvings of grapes, palms
and peacocks. The icons include
portraits of Christ and the Virgin.
Tsar’s Throne
. Icon Gallery in Crypt Built for Tsar Ferdinand (ruled
With icons dating from the 12th to 1887–1918), the throne is
the 19th centuries, and several guarded by stone lions and
delicately carved iconostases, the crowned by a marble canopy.
gallery contains the richest collection Behind is a portrait of the tsar
of religious art in Bulgaria. and his wife.
78 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
d Mausoleum of
The National Assembly building, on National Assembly Square Prince Aleksandûr
a National of Russian troops and Bulgarian Batenberg
Мавзолей на Княз
Assembly Square volunteer fighters being
Александър Батенберг
Площад “Народно Събрание” resolutely led into battle
by a winged figure of Nike, bul. Vasil Levski 81. City Map 4 E2.
City Map 2 E5, 4 E1. q Sveti Kliment the Greek goddess of victory. Tel (02) 983 1526. q Sveti Kliment
Ohridski. @ 9, 280, 306. 1, 2, 4, 5, Ohridski. @ 9, 84, 94, 280, 306. 1,
8–11. Closed to the public. 2, 5, 8. Open 9am–5pm Mon–Fri.
At the eastern extremity of s Military Museum This charming domed pavilion
bulevard Tsar Osvoboditel, Военноисторически музей with a Greek-style portico
National Assembly Square is the last resting place of
ul. Cherkovna 92. Tel (02) 946 1805.
(ploshtad Narodno sûbranie) is @ 9, 72, 120, 313, 314. v 20, 22. Prince Aleksandûr Batenberg,
a crescent-shaped space that Open 10am–6pm Wed–Sun. & 8 - the German-speaking
takes its name from the National aristocrat (1854–93) who
Assembly building on its Set in the grounds of Bulgaria’s served as a volunteer in the
northern side. Built in several military academy, 2 km (over Russian army before being
stages from 1884 to 1928, the 1 mile) east of the city centre, chosen as the Bulgarian
building is a plain, box-like the Military Museum principality’s first monarch
structure, its decoration limited (Voennoistoricheski muzei) in 1879 (see p51). Incapable
to a sparse row of Grecian-style houses a colourful display of of maintaining a balance
urns atop the façade. Above the uniforms worn by the between the pro- and anti-
the portal at the entrance are Bulgarian army through the Russian factions in Bulgarian
the words Obedinenieto pravi ages. The display begins with politics, he was forced to
silata (“Unity is Strength”), a the homemade tunics worn abdicate in 1886, and spent
dictum attributed to the by anti-Ottoman insurgents the rest of his life in the
9th-century Bulgarian ruler during the April Rising of 1876 Austrian town of Graz.
Khan Krum.
At the centre of the square
stands the Monument to the
Tsar Liberator (Pametnik na Tsar
Osvoboditel), an equestrian
statue of Tsar Alexander II of
Russia, whose war with the
Ottoman Empire (1877–8) led to
the liberation of Bulgaria after
centuries of Ottoman rule (see
p51). Designed by the Italian
sculptor Arnaldo Zocchi
(1862–1940), the bronze statue
portrays the tsar on horseback,
holding Russia’s declaration of
war on the Ottomans in his
outstretched hands. Clustered
round the pedestal are statues Two uniforms from the historic display at the Military Museum
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp222–3 and pp232–4
SOFIA 81
j Church of Sveti
Sedmochislenitsi
Църква “Свети Седмочислен
ици”
ul. Graf Ignatiev 25. City Map 4 D3.
@ 94. 1, 2, 5, 8, 9. v 10, 12, 18.
Open 7am–6pm daily. 5 8am
daily. ^
Mosaic of the Holy Seven, with the figure of Christ, above the entrance to the Church of Sveti Sedmochislenitsi
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp222–3 and pp232–4
SOFIA 85
c Peyu Yavorov
Museum
Музей на Пейо Яворов
ul. G.S. Rakovski 136. City Map 3 B3.
Tel (02) 987 3414. 9.
Open 10am–5pm Mon–Fri. &
A short walk south of the
book market on Slaveykov
Square, this small but
absorbing museum occupies
Visitors at an exhibition in City Art Gallery the apartment where the
poet Peyu Yavorov and his
z City Art Gallery Slaveykov), just a short stroll wife Lora Karavelova lived in
Градска художествена southwards from the City 1913–14. Period furniture
галерия Garden, is famous for hosting and original Art Nouveau
a large daily open-air book wallpaper provide an
ul. Gûrko 1. City Map 1 C5, 3 C1.
market. Although most intriguing insight into the
Tel (02) 987 2181. q Sveti Kliment
of the books on sale here are in tastes of the period.
Ohridski. 9. v 10, 12, 18.
Open 10am–7pm Tue–Sat,
Bulgarian, visitors will also find a Most Bulgarians associate
11am–6pm Sun. ∑ sghg.bg range of richly illustrated books this museum with the tragic
in English on Bulgarian history suicides of both Lora and Peyu,
Standing at the southern end of and culture. A daily book and there are compelling
the City Garden, the City Art market has been in the square references to both events in
Gallery (Gradska Hudozhestvena since the early 1990s. At that the display. One glass cabinet
Galeriya) does not have a time, many of Bulgaria’s state- holds a glamorous black dress
permanent collection, but owned bookshops had gone rent by a bullet, recalling the
hosts prestigious temporary bankrupt, and were replaced night of 29 November 1913
exhibitions. These showcase the by the informal network of when a jealous Lora shot
excellent work of contemporary independent street stalls herself with Yavorov’s pistol. In
Bulgarian painters and sculptors, that began to spring up in another room, a bloodstained
although some challenging work Sofia. Most of these street cushion still rests on the couch
by international artists is also stalls eventually gravitated where Yavorov committed
shown here from time to time. towards Slaveykov Square. suicide a year later.
The square is named in A statue of Yavorov, showing
honour of the educationalist the seated poet in an attitude of
x Slaveykov Square and patriotic activist Petko deep thought, occupies the
Площад “Славейков” Slaveykov and his son, the front garden.
modernist poet Pencho
City Map 3 C2. 9. v 10, 12, 18.
Slaveykov. The life-size bronze
The broad pedestrianized statue of father and son seated v Museum of
oblong of Slaveykov side by side on a bench at the Socialist Art
Square (ploshtad western end of the square is Музей на
a popular local landmark. Социалистическото
Изкуство
ul. Luchezar Stanev 7. q Joliot
Curie & G.M. Dimitrov.
Open 10:30am–5:30pm Mon–Fri.
&=
topped the Communist Party (see pp56–7). She was Bulgaria’s A footbridge behind the NDK
Building (Party House) on Minister of Culture from 1975 leads across bulevard Bûlgariya
pl. Nezavisimost, are here. to 1981. Zhivkova died of a to the Hilton Hotel and Yuzhen
A small exhibition hall hosts a brain tumour in 1981, and was Park (South Park), an expanse
collection of Socialist realist much missed by Bulgarian of lawns, flowerbeds and
paintings. In all, the museum intellectuals, who felt that she untended grassy areas that
has 77 sculptures, 60 paintings had broadened the horizons of stretches out for 3 km (2 miles)
and 25 smaller plastic artworks Bulgarian culture beyond the towards dense wood- land. A
that were created between ideological constraints of the conspicuous presence at the
1945 and 1989. Communist party. She was also northern end of the park is
There are also regular active in promoting Bulgarian the Thirteen Hundred Years
screenings of socialist culture abroad. Monument, an ugly, crumbling
propaganda films, while the Inside the NDK, the principal modernist sculpture. It stands
excellent museum shop stocks space is a concert hall with as a reminder of 1,300 years of
an interesting selection of seating for 5,000 and other oppression, and bears the
quirky souvenirs. smaller concert halls. Beneath inscription “We are in time and
the building is an arcade filled time is in us”, words attributed
with stalls selling clothes. to Vasil Levski (see p173).
b National Palace
of Culture Peyu Yavorov (1878–1914)
Национален дворец на
културата (НДК) Of all 20th-century Bulgarian poets, the one whose life and
work most fascinates successive generations of readers is Peyu
pl. Bûlgariya. City Map 3 A5. Tel (02)
Yavorov. He began writing poetry while working at a provincial
916 6300. q NDK. @ 72, 94, 204,
post office in the Black Sea town of Pomorie, and moved to Sofia
604. 1, 2, 5, 8, 9. v 1, 7. 0 - =
when his work began to be published by the literary magazine
∑ ndk.bg
Misûl. He is best known for the poems of obsessive love inspired
Marking the southern end of by Mina Todorova, a teenage girl whose family considered
Yavorov to be an unworthy suitor. Mina died of consumption
bulevard Vitosha, Sofia’s main
in 1910, and Yavorov was immediately courted
shopping street, the National
and captured by Lora Karavelova, an
Palace of Culture (Naroden emancipated divorcée.
Dvorets na Kulturata, or NDK) Yavorov was also a committed
is one of the city’s modern revolutionary, and his involvement
landmarks. Begun in 1978, it in the guerrilla movement in
was completed in 1981, when Ottoman-occupied Macedonia
it opened in celebration of the made Lora feel abandoned and
1,300th anniversary of Bulgarian ignored. When in Sofia, Yavorov was
statehood (see pp46–7). This constantly surrounded by female
monumental eight-storey admirers, and Lora shot herself in a
hexagon of concrete and glass fit of jealous rage in 1913. Intending
dominates the flagstoned open to commit suicide, Yavorov shot
spaces and neat flowerbeds of himself but survived. Lora’s family
ploshtad Bûlgariya. accused Yavorov of her murder and
The building was originally pursued him through the courts.
named in honour of Lyudmila Abandoned by society, Yavorov Statue of the poet at the Peyu
finally committed suicide. Yavorov Museum
Zhivkova, daughter of the
dictator Todor Zhivkov
88 SOFIA AREA BY AREA
Second
floor
First floor
Ceramics
The medieval cities of Pliska,
Preslav and Veliko Tûrnovo
were centres of ceramics
manufacture, where vessels
decorated with floral and
animal motifs were made.
Key to Floorplan
Prehistory
Ancient Thracians
Greeks and Romans
Medieval Bulgaria
Bulgaria under the
Ottoman Empire
Post-Liberation Bulgaria
(post-1878)
Folk Costumes and Craft
Temporary exhibition Main
Non-exhibition space entrance
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp222–3 and pp232–4
SOFIA 89
Cinema Props
VISITORS’ CHECKLIST
Costumes worn and props
used in some of Bulgaria’s most
Practical Information
famous films are displayed
ul. Vitoshko Lale 16, Boyana.
in the round hall on the
Tel (02) 955 4280. Open Nov–
second floor.
Mar: 9am–5:30pm (last ticket
4:45pm); Apr–Oct: 9:30am– 6pm
(last ticket 5:30pm). Closed 1 Jan,
3 Mar, 24 May, 24 & 25 Dec. &
(free last Mon in month). 8 7
- = ∑ historymuseum.org
Transport
@ 63, 111. 2. M21.
Folk Costume
This collection features
traditional dress from all
over Bulgaria. Note the
metal pafti or belt-
buckles, frequently
embossed with animals,
figures of saints, or Kilim of Teteven
abstract designs. This example of a 19th-century
hand-woven woollen kilim
bears the colourful starburst
design favoured by weavers in
the town of Teteven.
Gallery Guide
The halls work well chronologically, so
start with Prehistory before moving on to
the Thracians – the stars of the show, they
are often on loan to other museums. The
Medieval hall is a little disappointing, but
there are items of interest in the other
halls.It is also rewarding to explore the
building just to see how the Communist
leaders lived.
. Mount Vitosha
Витоша
See pp92–3. Painting of St George and the Dragon at the Monastery of St George
92 SOFIA AREA BY AREA
. Mount Vitosha
Витоша
Rising above Sofia’s southern suburbs, the granite
massif of Mount Vitosha provides Bulgaria’s capital
with an easily accessible recreation area. The top of
the mountain is relatively smooth, making it the ideal
terrain for easy hikes. Acres of beech forest cover
Vitosha’s lower slopes, while spruce and pine
predominate further up. The mountain’s highest
point, the 2,290-m (7,500-ft) Cherni Vruh (Black Peak), Panorama of Sofia
For the best views of the city, which
is surrounded by a plateau covered in grassland, sprawls at the foot of Mount Vitosha, head
juniper bushes and bogs. Protected as a nature park for Kopitoto, or take a trip downhill on the
since 1934, Vitosha is a natural habitat for martens, Dragalevtsi chairlift.
deer, wild boar and, occasionally, brown bears.
Boyana
Church
1348 m
1087 m
Boyana
Waterfall
. Stone River
This compelling natural attraction consists of huge
boulders deposited by a glacier in the last Ice Age
and smoothed by seasonal meltwaters.
1906 m
tove
ni
Bo y a n a R i v e r
M Zlat
os
Pernik
Sofia
Cable Car
Dragalevtsi The cable car runs from the pleasant
suburb of Simeonovo to Aleko, and
Pazardzhik
provides excellent views over the city.
0 kilometres 1
0 miles 1
Dragalevtsi
Chairlift
Simeonovo
1862 m Gondola
Bistritsa
Lake
Goli Vruh
1837 m
Aleko Mountain Hut
First built in 1924, the Aleko mountain hut is a
popular starting point for hikers in summer. In
Aleko winter, Aleko becomes the centre of Mount
Vitosha’s busy ski scene.
2052 m Malak Rezen
2191 m
Cherni Vruh
2290 m Golyam Rezen
2277 m
Key
Major road
Other road
Trail
. Cherni Vruh Peak
Vitosha’s highest point is
a popular destination for Cable car line
hikers. It is about an Chairlift line
hour’s walk up from Chairlift station
Aleko, or a 30-minute
Urban area
walk above the last stop
of the highest chairlifts, if
they are running.
For additional map symbols see back flap
94 SOFIA AREA BY AREA
ENTERTAINMENT AND
SHOPPING
In terms of opera, classical music and drama, are those devoted to the Oriental-influenced
Sofia offers a great deal for a relatively low Balkan pop music known as chalga. Live rock
price. The city’s bar and club scene is vibrant music, however, is less common in Sofia than
and stylish, but also slightly unpredictable, in other European capitals, although there are
with many venues swiftly coming into vogue plenty of piano bars where you can dance to
and going out of fashion again. Many of Sofia’s jazz and blues. Sofia also has a lively retail
most culturally authentic clubs, where live culture, with shops and markets staying open
musicians and belly dancers often perform, late into the evening seven days a week.
DIRECTORY
Opera, Dance & Ivan Vazov National Motto Books & Music
Classical Music Theatre ul. Aksakov 18. Map 2 E5. Booktrading
ul. Dyakon Ignatii 5. Map Tel (02) 987 2723.
Bulgaria Concert Hall Graf Ignatiev 50.
1 C5. Tel (02) 811 9227. ∑ motto-bg.com Map 4 D3.
ul. Aksakov 1.
∑ nationaltheatre.bg
Map 2 D5. Yalta Tel (02) 980 9699.
Tel (02) 987 7656. Sfumato Theatre bul. Tsar Osvoboditel 20. Dyukyan Meloman
Workshop Map 4 F2. Tel (02) 980
National Opera ul. 6-ti septemvri 7a. Map
ul. Dimitar Grekov 2. 1299. ∑ yaltaclub.com 4 D1. Tel (02) 988 5862.
and Ballet Tel (02) 944 0127.
∑ meloman-bg.com
ul. Vrabcha 1. ∑ sfumato.info Antiques, Crafts
Map 2 D4. & Souvenirs Helikon
Sofia Drama Theatre
Tel (02) 987 1366. bul. Patriah Evtimii 68.
bl. Y. Sakuzov 23a.
∑ operasofia.bg Bulgarski Dyukyan Map 3 A3.
Tel (02) 944 2485.
ul. Pirotksa 11a. Map 1 A3. Tel (02) 460 4060.
National Palace of Tel (02) 988 4139.
Culture (NDK) Clubs & Bars Orange
pl. Bulgariya 1. Ethnographic ul. Graf Ignatiev 2. Map 4
Chervilo D3. Tel (02) 981 6594.
Map 3 A5. Museum Shop
bul. Tsar Osvoboditel 9.
Tel (02) 916 6300, (02) 916 pl. Aleksandûr Batenberg
Map 2 E5. Shopping Malls
1. Map 1 C4.
6400. ∑ ndk.bg ∑ chervilo.com
Mall Of Sofia
Theatre Dada Cultural Bar Markets bul. Aleksandûr
ul. Georgi Benkovski 10.
Bric-à-Brac Market Stamboliiski 100.
Aleko Konstantinov Map 2 D3. ∑ blog.
dadaculturalbar.eu pl. Aleksandûr Nevski. Paradise Center
Satirical Theatre
Map 2 E4. bul. Cherni Vrah 100.
ul. Stefan Karadja 26. JJ Murphy’s
Map 3 C2. ul. Kurnigradska 6. Map 1 Zhenski pazar Tzum
Tel (02) 988 1060. A5. Tel (02) 980 2870. ul. Stefan Stambolov. bul. Knyaginya Mariya
∑ satirata.bg ∑ jjmurphys.bg Map 1 A2. Luiza 2. Map 1 B3.
96 SOFIA
BU L. SLI VN
U IS
V ITS A
B U LE
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0 metres 500
0 yards 500
Key
Major sight Tourist information point Railway line
Place of interest Hospital with casualty unit Pedestrian street
Other building Police station Tram line
Metro station Church
Scale of Map Pages
Tram stop Synagogue
0 metres 200
Train station Mosque 1:14,000
0 yards 200
STREET FINDER 97
C K R Z
Chataldzha 2 F3 Kaliakra 3 C5, 4 D5 Racho Dimchev 3 B2, B3 Zheneva 4 D4, D5
Chernomen 2 F2, F3 Karnegi 3 B5 Rayko Daskalov, pl. 3 B2
Chumerna 2 E1, E2, E3 Karningradska 1 A5, Rositsa 2 E3, F3
3 A1, A2
Keshan 2 F1
D Kiril i Metodiy 1 A1, B1, B2, S
Dante 3 C4 1 C2, 2 D2, E1, E2 6 Septemvri 2 D5, E5, 3 C3,
Dobrudzha 4 D2, E2 Knyaginya Maryia Luiza, bul. C4, C5, 4 D1, D2, E1
Dr P. Beron 3 B5 1 B1, B2, B3, C1 Saborna 1 B4, C4, C5, 3 C1
Dr. Valkovich 3 B2 Knyaz Aleksandûr Batenberg, pl. Serdika 1 C2, C4
Dragan Tsankov, bul. 4 E4, E5, F5 1 C4, 2 D4 Shipka 2 E5, F5, 4 E1, F1
Dunav 2 E1, E2, E3, Knyaz Aleksandûr Batenberg Sinchets 4 D5
E4, F4 1 B5, 1 C4, C5, 3 B1, C1 Slaveykov, pl. 3 C2
Dyakon Ignatii 1 C5, 3 C1G Knyaz Aleksandûr Dondukov, Slavyanska 1 C5, 2 D5, 3 C1,
bul. 1 C4, 2 D4, E3, F3 4 D1, D2, E2
Knyaz Boris I 1 A2, A3, A4,
E 1 A5, B1, B2, 3 A1, A2
Slivnitsa, bul. 1 A1, B1,
C1, 2 D1, E1
Evlogi Georgiev, bul. 3 B5, Kokiche 4 D5 Solunska 3 A2, B2
3 C5, 4 D4, D5, E4, F3, F4 Krum Popov 4 D5, E5
Stara Planina 2 E3, F3
Ekzarh Yosif 1 A2, A3, B3,
Stara Stena 4 D5, E5
1 C3, 2 D2, D3, E2, F1, F2 L Stefan Karadja 1 B5, C5,
3 B1, C1, C2, 4 D2
Lavele 1 A4, A5, 3 A1
F Lege 1 B5, C4, C5,
Stefan Stambolov 1 A2,
A3, B1
19 Fevruari 2 E5, F4, F5, 3 B1, C1
4 E1, F1 Stochna Gara, pl. 2 E1
Levski Pametnik, pl. 2 F4
Fritiov Nansen 3 B3, B4, B5 Struma 1 B2, C2
Lom 1 A4, B4
Strumnitsa 3 C3
Lozengrad 1 A2, B2
Sveta Nedelya, pl. 1 B4
G Luvov Most, pl. 1 C1
Sveta Sofia 1 A4, B4
Luben Karavelov 3 B5, C4,
Garibaldi, pl. 1 B5, 3 B1 C5, 4 D4, E3, E4
Georgi Sava Rakovski 2 D1, T
2 D2, D3, D4, D5,
3 B3, B4, B5, 3 C2,
M Todor Alexandrov, bul.
4 D1, D2 13 Mart 3 C5 1 A3, A4, B4
General Danail Nikolaev 2 F1 Makariopolski I 1 A2 Trapezitsa 1 A3, B3
General Gurko 1 B5, Maliovitsa 4 D3 Triaditsa 1 B3, C3
C5, 3 B1, C1, C2, Malko Turnovo 1 C4 Tri Ushi 1 A5, 3 A1
4 D2, D3, E3, F3 Milin Kamûk 3 C5, 4 D5 Tsar Asen I 1 A5, 3 A1, A4
General Parensov 4 D3, Moskovska 1 C4, 2 D4, Tsar Ivan Shishman 3 C3,
E3, E4 2 E4, F4 4 D2, D3, E2
George Washington 1 B1, Tsar Kaloyan 1 B4, B5, 3B1
1 B2, B3 Tsar Osvoboditel, bul. 1 B4,
Georgi Benkovski 2 D2, D3,
N C4, 2 D4, D5, E5, F5,
2 D4, D5, 4 D1 15 Noemvri 2 E5, 4 E1 4 D1, E1, F1, F2
Gerchel 3 B5 National Assembly, pl. Tsar Samuil 1 A1, A4
Graf Ignatiev 1 B5, 3 B1, B2, 2 E5, 4 E1 Tsar Simeon 1 A2, B2, C2,
3 C2, C3, 4 D3, D4, E4 Neofit Rilski 3 A3, B3, C3 2 D2, E2
B U LE V A R PLOSHTAD
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National Art Church of BOTANICAL LEVSKI
Gallery Sveta Sofia GARDEN
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Natural History NEVSKI National Gallery
Museum of Foreign Art
Aleksandûr Nevski
Memorial Church
Russian
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BULGARIA AREA BY AREA 103
SOUTHERN BULGARIA
From December to April, most of this mountainous
region is buried beneath thick snow, but the rest
of the year it is an oasis of lush greenery and dense
forests. The country’s most spectacular scenery
and most varied wildlife can be discovered here,
and the architecture and folklore of this rugged
landscape offer a fascinating insight into an
intriguing and somewhat remote part of Bulgaria.
The highest peaks in the eastern Balkans isolated campaigns to force Bulgarians
rise in the Rila and Pirin mountain ranges. to adopt the Islamic faith. A small
Both are national parks and both contain number of Bulgarians found refuge in
a great variety of flora and fauna, including the Rhodope Mountains, where they
wolves, bears, and many endemic plants. established villages that remained free
The Rhodopes, which cover a much of Turkish influence. Their untainted
greater area, are a largely undeveloped medieval Bulgarian language, music,
wilderness that, towards the east, tails off costumes and customs served as
into the tobacco-growing Plains of Thrace. a model for the National Revival
For centuries this area was inhabited by movement, which was so influential
much of Bulgaria’s Turkish community. In in the 19th century.
fact Palaeolithic flint tools discovered here Two great monasteries, Rila and
show that human habitation of the region Bachkovo, were also established in the
goes back 40,000 years. Thracians later Rhodopes. The monks kept Bulgarian
settled in the area in large numbers. heritage alive by preserving and
Smolyan’s History Museum gives a copying the ancient manuscripts
superb overview of the region’s past. of the old Bulgarian kingdoms. These
The Ottomans were largely tolerant of monasteries became a focus of the
their Christian subjects, but there were National Revival movement.
Glacial lake in the Pirin Mountains, one of three great massifs in southern Bulgaria
Detail of the icon on the roof dome of the Rila Monastery
104 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
Batanovtsi Sofia
PERNIK
Struma
ZEMEN Sofia
MONASTERY Radomir Cherni Vruh
2290 m
Iskur
Lake
Ihtiman
Bobovdol
SAMOKOV
KYUSTENDIL Sapareva Kostenets
Banya
Dupnitsa BOROVETS ca
Skopje ari Septemvri
M
MALYOVITSA
Boboshevo RILA Belovo
Pazardzhik
MONASTERY
R I L AA I N S
Kocherinovo
Peshtera
BLAGOEVGRAD UNT Yakoruda E VELINGRAD
M O AUG
G TOUR Bratsigovo
Belitsa W Y Rakitovo
A
RA RRO
DOBURSKO W BATAK
Simitly
IL
NA
Antoninovci
Key Razlog Golyama Syutkya Lake
BANSKO
NA
2186 m
Motorway
TI
LA
HIGH ND
Motorway under
ON
PI AL
Vihren DEVIN
construction Kresna
LAG ES TOUR
2914 m
RI P
Strum
V I L
N AR
Expressway
Dospat R W E
a
Main road
K H ST
Other road SANDANSKI GOTSE DELCHEV C AO D OE R N
ROZHEN VE PE
Railway MELNIK Me S S
MONASTERY st a
International border
Peak
Petrich
Thessaloniki
Sights at a Glance
1 Pernik e Bansko pp122–4 h Zlatograd
2 Zemen Monastery r Dobûrsko j Momchilovtsi
3 Kyustendil y Pirin National Park pp126–7 k Pamporovo
Stara
Zagora
Sliven
Chirpan
PLOVDIV
Stamboliyski Sadovo Parvomay Merchileri Galabovo
Dimitrovgrad S Topolovgrad
a
Asenovgrad
Simeonovgrad k
BACHKOVO
a
HASKOVO
Tund
MONASTERY Harmanly
r
Goljam M
ar
Persenk
za
ic
2091 m Lyubimets
a
Laki
Prespa
SHIROKA 2000 m Svilengrad
LUKA Studen
Kladenets
KURDZHALI Lake Edirne
MOMCHILOVTSI rda Ivaylovgrad
A
SMOLYAN
S T E P E S NATURE RESERVE
Madan Momchilgrad EA DO R
O
Dzhebel R H T O U Krumovgrad
MOGILITSA
ZLATOGRAD Mandrica
Getting Around
Winding roads mean that visitors should allow
plenty of time for journeys, especially if
travelling by public transport. Buses cover the
entire region, but services to remote villages
are often limited to one bus a day. To explore
the central and western Rhodope Mountains,
hiring a car is the best option. Regular train
services connect Sofia with Blagoevgrad and
Sandanski, and a narrow-gauge track branches
off the main Sofia–Plovdiv line, winding
through the mountains to Bansko. From
Madzharovo Nature Reserve, in the eastern Rhodopes Plovdiv trains run to Haskovo and Kûrdzhali.
106 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
1 Pernik
Перник
30 km (20 miles) SW of Sofia. Map B3.
* 81,200. £ @ _ Kukeri and
Survakari Festival (end Jan, even
years). ∑ surva.org
E History Museum
Ahmed Bey Mosque, ul. Stefan
Karadzha, 2. Tel (078) 550 124.
Open 9am–5pm Tue–Sat. &
E Art Gallery
ul. Patriarch Evtmii, 20. Tel (078) 550
029. Open May–Oct: 10am–6pm;
Nov–Apr: 9am–5pm Wed–Sun. & =
E Dimitûr Peshev
House-Museum
ul. Tsar Simeon I, 11. Tel (078) 551 811.
Three hexagonal domes on the Church of Sveta Bogoroditsa, Kyustendil Open 9am–5pm Wed–Sun. & =
108 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
Sapareva
Banya
Sofia
Dupnitsa
an
rm
Bistritsa Chern
he
Dz
Seven Lakes
Malyovitsa
Kalin Lake 2729 m
2608 m
Stru
Bistritsa
Blagoevgrad
Sandanski
Kapatnik
2169 m
. Mount Malyovitsa
At the head of a valley, the mountain
rises to 2,729 m (8,957 ft). A cliff near 0 kilometres 5
Malyovitsa hikers’ hut offers a tough 0 miles 5
challenge to rock climbers. A nearby
rock is studded with memorials to
those who failed.
Key
Main road
Other road
Rila Monastery Forest Reserve Trail
Created in 2000, the reserve covers
Railway
more than 27,000 ha (67,000 acres)
around Rila Monastery (see pp112– Peak
15). It includes a large beech forest.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp223–4 and pp234–6
SOUTHERN BULGARIA 109
Shtrashnoto Lake
VISITORS’ CHECKLIST
Set at an altitude of
2,465 m (8,090 ft) the
Practical Information
lake is ringed by the
Map B4.
dark granite cliffs of
® campsites, and chalets book-
the Kupenite peaks.
able via Bulgarian Tourism Union.
A hikers’ hut on the
∑ panparks.org/visit/our-
lakeside provides
parks/rila-national-park
basic accommodation.
∑ bulgarian nationalparks.org
Transport
Bus from Samokov (Borovets).
Musala Lakes are a set
of pretty glacial pools
set below the peak.
The “Icy Lake” is the
highest in the Balkans
Samokov at 2,709 m (8,900 ft).
Kostenets
Raduil
Borovets
a
Govedartsi
its
ur Kostenets
Isk
ar
ni
M
Ib a r
u
r
sk
Iba r
. Mount Musala
vi I
R e se r ve
Le
2618 m
es
a
t
Para n ga l i t s a Velingrad
R e s e r ve
Yakoruda Dûnovisti
A mystic religion based on the teachings of the
priest-philosopher Petur Dûnov (1864–1944),
Dûnovism caught on in 1900, when his book The
ta
es
5 Samokov
Самоков Icon Painters of Samokov
65 km (40 miles) south of Sofia. When he added floral motifs to a series of icons that he had painted
Map B4. * 28,150. @ for the consecration of Samokov’s Metropolitan Church in 1793,
Hristo Dimitrov unwittingly founded what became known as the
Although the town centre is Samokov School of icon painters. He subsequently trained his
an unattractive sprawl of drab sons Dimitûr (1796–1860) and Zahari Zograf (1810–53) and, with
concrete buildings, Samokov Samokov’s other icon-painting family, the Obrazopisovs, they
has a pleasant setting close to produced a large number of icons and murals during the National
the Rila Mountains and the ski Revival. During his short lifetime, Zahari Zograf attained legendary
resort of Borovets. Established in status as the creator of a new kind of secular art. Defying the rules
the Middle Ages as a major centre of medieval icon painting, he introduced land-scapes and
naturalistically rendered floral and animal motifs, and his grotesque
of mining and manufacture, scenes of Hell became a standard feature of church and monastery
Samokov retained its industrial murals during the National Revival. The fact that
importance until the Liberation he signed his works, and even added
in the late 19th century. Today self-portraits to some of them,
the town is the centre of Bulgaria’s indicates that he considered his
largest potato-producing region. painting to be an art rather
than a mere craft carried out
During the National Revival by lowly and anonymous
(see p50), Samokov’s thriving hands, as painting had
schools of icon painters and been seen for centuries. His
woodcarvers made a significant best works are on display
contribution to the decoration at the monasteries of Rila,
of religious and civic buildings Troyan, Preobrazhenski and
throughout the country. They Bachkovo, and outside
Bulgaria, in the western
also left their mark in the town Balkans and Mount Athos, in
itself. Just off the main square Greece. His most famous self-
stands Bairakli Mosque, a portrait is in the National Art
building constructed in a style Gallery, Sofia (see pp74–5). Fresco by Zahari Zograf, Rila Monastery
typical of the National Revival
period. The eaves of the
mosque’s red-tiled dome and The History Museum occupies beside the forges. Upstairs, a
roof are decorated with floral a National Revival-style building display of faded photographs
motifs, as are its interior walls. set in a quiet garden. The documents Samokov’s more
The entrance, fronted by highlights of its relatively small recent past.
wooden columns, is set into collection are two working Five minutes’ walk from the
a delightful façade of trompe- replicas of Samokov’s medieval museum are the high stone
l’oeil murals depicting theatrical forges. They were modelled walls that enclose Sarafina
stages. This decorative scheme on Saxon furnaces, and have House (Sarafska Kûshta). In the
is a fine example of Samokov water-powered bellows and 19th century it was the home
artists applying their skills in huge hammers called samokovi, of a wealthy Jewish family, and
a context other than that of which gave the town its name. after restoration it was opened
traditional icon painting. Enormous antique anvils stand as a museum house. Its elaborate
Bairakli Mosque in Samokov, with floral decoration typical of the National Revival style of mural and icon painting
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp223–4 and pp234–6
SOUTHERN BULGARIA 111
E Bistritsa Palace
15 minutes’ walk from central
Borovets. Tel (0750) 32710.
Open 9am–4:30pm Tue–Sun. &
A room at Sarafina House in Samokov, once the home of a wealthy family 7 Malyovitsa
Мальовица
ceilings and floral wall paintings gondola lift whisks visitors up
10 km (6 miles) W of Borovets.
were executed by Samokov’s to Yastrebets, a peak that rises Map B4. @
woodcarvers and painters. to 2,369 m (7,775 ft). From
At the opposite end of here hikers can follow a path The small mountain resort
the town, towards the Rila to Musala refuge and the lofty of Malyovitsa consists of little
Mountains, is the Metropolitan summit of Musala (2,925 m/ more than a hotel, car park
Church (1793), a long stone 9,600 ft), the highest peak in the and mountain refuge. It has
building with a copper-clad bell Balkans. The Sitnyakovo Express, two drag lifts and a few pistes
tower. The church has a superbly a chairlift that operates at for beginners and
detailed iconostasis by Samokov weekends only, takes intermediate skiers.
woodcarvers, and icons by Hristo visitors up to the As such it offers a nice
Dimitrov, (see box, opposite). highest point of the contrast to the bustle
Sitnyakovo ski runs. of Borovets in the
U Bairakli Mosque A pleasant path leads winter sports season.
ul. Tûrgovska 49. Tel (072) 266 908. back down to Borovets. In summer Malyovitsa
Open 9am–noon, 1–4pm Mon–Fri. The resort also offers is a convenient base
a range of summer for exploring the Rila
E History Museum
activities, including Mountains (see pp108–9).
ul. Profesor V. Zahariev 4. Tel (072) 266
pony trekking, motorized Detail of Bistritsa From the resort a path
712. Open 8:30am–12:30pm, 1:30–
safaris, guided hiking, Palace, Borovets leads up to Malyovitsa
5:30pm daily. & 8
climbing and abseiling, refuge and the looming
E Sarafina House most of which can be arranged peak of Malyovitsa mountain
ul. Knyaz Dondukov 11. through the large hotels here. (2,729 m/8,957 ft). From the
Tel (072) 260 301. Apart from its attractions refuge hikers can continue
Open 9am–5pm Mon–Fri. &. as a ski resort, Borovets’s only along marked paths that lead
feature of real interest is westward to the Seven Lakes,
Bistritsa Palace. It was built as or southward to Rila Monastery
6 Borovets a hunting lodge for Prince (see pp112–15).
Боровец
70 km (43 miles) south of Sofia.
Map B4. @
8 Rila Monastery
Рилски манастир
Established in the 10th century by St Ivan of Rila (Sveti
Ivan Rilski), Rila Monastery is Bulgaria’s most impressive
example of National Revival architecture. Generously
supported by successive kings, the monastery flourished
until Ottoman raids destroyed it in the late 15th century.
While the Russian Church sponsored its renovation,
Rila’s monks played a crucial role in preserving Bulgaria’s Rila Monastery nestles in a valley
language and history during the most repressive at the foot of thickly forested
periods of Ottoman rule. Devastated by fire in 1833, mountains. It is protected by
the monastery was rebuilt with funding from wealthy fortress-like walls 20 m (65 ft) high.
Bulgarians intent on cultivating national pride at a
time of great hope for liberation from the Ottomans.
. Murals
The murals in the arcade vividly
depict sinners thrown into an
apocalyptic vision of Hell. This
contrasts with the arcades’ graceful
structure of arches, slender
columns and blind cupolas.
. Murals
Magnificent murals
adorn the church walls,
illustrating characters
and episodes from the
Bible. Zahari Zograf (see
p52), Bulgaria’s greatest
19th-century painter, is
the only one of the
artists responsible to
have signed his work.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp223–4 and pp234–6
RILA MONASTERY 113
. Iconostasis
This masterpiece was created by
a team of Samokov woodcarvers
working under Atanas Telador
between 1839 and 1842. The 10-m
(33-ft) wide iconostasis, covered in
gold leaf, is elaborately decorated with
complex carvings of stylized floral
elements, symbolic human and
animal images, biblical scenes and
wild animals.
St Ivan of Rila
The medieval hermit St Ivan of
Rila (880–946), retreated into the Rila
Mountains to escape what he saw
KEY as the moral decline of society.
He was venerated for his wisdom
1 The arcades are decorated with and as a healer, and was persuaded
some of the finest murals. by his followers to establish a
monastery. After his death, pilgrims
2 The three main cupolas contain
murals of the Holy Trinity. came to view his remains, which were
believed to possess curative powers.
114 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
E History Museum
The Church of the Annunciation, built in 1841, in Blagoevgrad’s old town ul. Rila, 1.
Tel (073) 885 370. Open 9am–noon,
9 Blagoevgrad Across the river is the cavernous 1–6pm Mon–Fri. & 8 =
Благоевград History Museum, with thousands
of artifacts exhibited on several R Church of the Annunciation
97 km (60 miles) S of Sofia. Map B4.
* 71,000. £ @ floors. Minerals, stuffed animals Varosha quarter. Open 7:30am–8pm
and birds, ethnographic displays, daily. 5 8am daily.
Studious youngsters clutching and historic photographs fill the
notepads and textbooks upper levels, but the most
populate much of this bustling intriguing items are tucked away 0 Sandanski
town, which is home to both the in the basement, where the Сандански
American University in Bulgaria museum’s archaeological
162 km (100 miles) south of Sofia.
(AUB) and Southwest Neofit collection is laid out. Among the Map B5. * 26,500. £ @
Rilski University. It was the exhibits here is an array of votive n ul. Skopíe 5 (0746 32403).
location’s pleasant climate figurines, dating from
and hot mineral the 6th century BC Sandanski is a pleasant town set
springs that attracted and simply modelled in a sheltered, sunny valley with
Thracian, then in clay. They are hot mineral springs. About
Roman, settlers thought to have 4,000 years ago, this favourable
here. Under been used in rituals location attracted Thracian
Ottoman rule, when connected with settlers of the Medi tribe, but
it was known as fertility, fruitfulness it was much more intensively
Gorna Dzhumaya, and the concept of developed by the Romans, who
the town was Mother Earth. Also arrived in the early centuries AD.
predominantly Fresco in the Church of the notable are a pair The baths and residential
Muslim but was Annunciation, Blagoevgrad of Thracian bronze complexes that they built
integrated into the helmets of the have been discovered under
new Bulgarian state in 1912 (see 4th century BC, each with the modern town.
p54). Later, Gorna Dzhumaya’s moulded beard and moustache, Sandanski’s residents make
Turkish inhabitants were and a pair of bronze knee and much of the possibility that
replaced by Bulgarian refugees shin protectors. Spartacus, the Thracian slave
from Macedonia and the
Aegean, and in 1950 the town
was renamed Blagoevgrad after
Dimitûr Blagoev, founder of the
Bulgarian Communist Party.
Ploshtad Georgi Izmirliev
Makedonchero, the
pedestrianized hub of the town
centre, is a spacious square with
pleasantly babbling fountains
and an abundance of trees. On
one side stands the huge AUB
building, which served as the
Communist Party’s headquarters
until 1989. To the east is ploshtad
Bulgaria, a lively square lined
with cafés and restaurants. Hot mineral pool at Sveti Vrach Park, in southeastern Sandanski
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp223–4 and pp234–6
SOUTHERN BULGARIA 119
w Melnik
Мелник
182 km (113 miles) south of Sofia.
* 385. @ from Sandanski.
Do
large producer
M
l
Pashovata Konak
of Melnik wine. Kûshta Vinarna
Melnik Rodina
Hotel
SANDANSKI
Bus Stop
20 m (18 yards)
2 Vinarna Melnik
Although the Vinarna 3 Lumparova Kûshta
Melnik does not This pleasant family-run hotel
have an izba, it has a rock-cut izba with a
offers tastings of its mineral spring and tables and
Melnik, Merlot and chairs for visitors who come
Cabernet wines. to taste Melnik wine.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp223–4 and pp234–6
SOUTHERN BULGARIA 121
ol
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sk
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zh
Pri Mitko
Zla
to Shestaka
lis
tk
iD
5 Kordopulova Kûshta
ol
Old Turkish
Baths Kordopulova This house overlies Melnik’s
Kûshta oldest and largest izba.
Sv. Nikolai Labyrinthine passages snake
Chudotvorets Sv. Barbara
Church Church
into the hillside, and vast
rock-cut wine cellars are
filled with huge barrels.
Litova Kûshta
Museum TS UN
ne
NE
EV
A AV
SA N D
R EV
BAL
az
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3 Velyanov House AN SI V AC
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4 Icon Museum ZO
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E Icon Museum
ul. Yane Sandanski 3. Tel (0749)
88273. Open 9am–noon, 2–5:30pm
Mon–Fri. &
The glowing works of art in
the Icon Museum’s collection
line the walls of the converted
dormitories and barn of a
former hostel for travelling
nuns. The buildings, which
date from 1749, are set round
a peaceful courtyard, and
the complex is enclosed by
the sturdy walls that typify Nikola Vaptsarov House-Museum, childhood home of the anti-Fascist poet
Bansko’s old town architecture.
As visitors cross a wooden and who was posthumously r Dobursko
balcony to enter the museum’s idolized by Bulgaria’s Добърско
first room an audio tour Communist government.
23km (14 miles) north of Bansko.
introduces artists of the Vaptsarov grew up in Bansko, Map B4. * 450. @
Bansko School of painting. The and after studying in Varna,
leading light of this school, he worked in Sofia. Here he The road heading north from
which flourished in the 19th wrote poems that enthused Bansko into the Rila Mountains
century, was Toma Vishanov- about the modern age. leads to the sleepy village of
Molera (born c.1750). He But his involvement with Dobursko. According to legend,
studied in Vienna with the Communists during this is where Tsar Samuil’s army
Hristo Dimitrov, founder World War II led to his came in 1014. Its men had
of the Samokov School arrest for anti-Fascist been blinded by the Byzantine
(see p110). Like his son activities. While emperor Basil the Bulgar
Dimitûr Molerov and awaiting execution, Slayer, but they found a cure
his grandson Simeon he wrote this poem: in the mineral springs here.
Molerov after him, The fight is hard and Today, Dobursko is an
Toma Vishanov- pitiless/The fight is increasingly popular centre
Molera executed epic, as they say;/I of rural tourism. Besides this,
paintings for several fell. Another takes my its main attraction is the
churches in and A portrait of Christ in the place –/Why single 17th-century Church of
around Bansko. Icon Museum out a name!/After the SS Teodor Tiron and Teodor
firing squad – the Stratilat. Its well-preserved
E Nikola Vaptsarov worms./Thus does the simple frescoes include a depiction
House-Museum logic go./But in the storm we’ll of the Ascension with Christ
pl. Nikola Vaptsarov. Tel (0749) 83132. be with you/My people, for we framed by a curious triangular
Open 8am–noon, 2–5:30pm loved you so. construction that has been
daily. & The museum contains family likened to a space rocket.
The home of the poet Nikola photographs, personal poss-
Vaptsarov (1909–42) honours the essions and a re-creation of the R Church of SS Teodor Tiron
memory of a young man who room where Vaptsarov’s mother and Teodor Stratilat
died for his opposition to Fascism, read Bulgarian classics to him. Open 8am–5pm Mon–Fri. &
The mountain village of Dobursko, a centre of rural tourism with legendary mineral springs
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp223–4 and pp234–6
SOUTHERN BULGARIA 125
4 Yakoruda
A pleasant Pomak (Bulgarian
Muslim) logging town. Its mosque
and church come into view from a Mar
ist
distance as the train rumbles past Belovo a
3 Belitsa
Semchinovo
Plovdiv
From the station at Belitsa village, Varvara
visitors can take a taxi to the Belitsa M ilev i S k ali
Dancing Bear Park, 10 km (6 miles) 1592 m
away. This is a refuge for
bears rescued from a
captive life as trained Yundola
dancing bears,
now illegal.
Ablanitsa Kostandovo
Yurukovo Rakitovo
sta
Babyak
Me
5 Velingrad
With many hot mineral pools,
the spa resort of Velingrad
Simitli Banya makes a welcome stop. Most
Eleshnitsa of the pools are located
Bansko within hotel complexes but
are usually open to members
of the public for a small fee.
Gotse Delchev
0 kilometres 10
0 miles 10
1 Dobrinishte
The starting point of the Key
narrow-gauge railway Narrow-gauge Railway
line is at this quiet town Railway
2 Razlog at the foot of the Pirin
Mountains. Plans to Main road
Razlog’s golf course is its principal
asset for visitors. The town comes merge it with the ski Other road
alive when kukeri rites are resort of Bansko will Peak
performed on 1 January. open it to tourism.
Pirin
2592 m
Betelevoto
Kamenishki Vrah
Bayuvi Dupki 2532 m
Dzhindzhiritsa Nature
Reser ve
2914 m
s ka
hin
Vlahinski
la
V Lakes
Sinanitsa
2516 m
. Koncheto
This ridge connects a series of peaks,
which rise up between steep valleys.
The ridge is just 1 m (3 ft) wide in places
and, despite the steel cable to assist
hikers, walking it should only be
attempted in good weather, and by
experienced climbers.
Key
Main road
Other road
Trail
Railway Mount Sinanitsa
Peak The white limestone mass of Mount Sinanitsa, 2,516 m
(8,257 ft) high, dominates the picturesque valley below.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp223–4 and pp234–6
SOUTHERN BULGARIA 127
Bansko
In the Damyaritsa Valley,
coniferous forests on the
Gotse valley’s lower slopes give
Delchev way to picturesque alpine
meadows and lakes at the
ne
Lake Popovo
Surrounded by
Baikusheva
towering peaks,
Mura Popovo is the largest
and deepest of Pirin’s
Todorka
2746 m 186 glacial lakes. It is a
very popular spot for
D e myan its a
Yu l e n summer visitors.
Reserve
Vasilishki Popovo
Lakes Lake
Polezhan
2850 m
Kremenski
The Brown Bear
Lakes
The semi-open, mountainous terrain of the Pirin Mountains
is an ideal habitat for brown bears. The animals once thrived
Kamenitsa K a m e n it s a
2816 m here but, as elsewhere in Europe, their populations are now
S andanska Bistritsa
dangerously small. Until quite recently, dancing bears were a
common sight on the streets of Bulgaria. This cruel practice
To
uf
was outlawed in 1998, and in 2000 the Belitsa Dancing Bear
c ha
Park (see p125) began collecting the bears, paying their
stritsa
Bardot Foundation,
includes forest, pools
and caves where the
bears hibernate.
Visitors can observe
the bears from
covered walk-
ways, and there
0 kilometres 5 are regular
0 miles 5 guided tours. Inhabitant of Belitsa Dancing Bear Park,
refuge for maltreated bears
128 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
u Gotse Delchev
Гоце Делчев
48 km (30 miles) SE of Bansko. Map
B5. * 20,500. @ n pl. Makedonia 2
(0751 60125). Open 8am–5pm daily.
R.
a
in
Kan
Osikovo Rod
Pla opi
Razlog nin
a
Gospodintsi
Skrebatno Gorno
Dryanovo
Pletena
Baldevo
Oreshe
Satovcha
Banichan
Marchevo Dospat
Borovo Krushevo
Garmen
a
Mes
ts
tri
ta
Dolno
Bis
Dryanovo
Gotse Debren
Delchev Dabnitsa Kribul
Drama
3 Ognyanovo
The outdoor pools of
Ognyanovo are popular in
winter, when bathers can rub
themselves with snow after a
hot bath. A pleasant large
indoor pool is filled with 4 Dolen
2 Leshten steaming warm spa water. Unlike Kovachevitsa and
This tiny mountain hamlet, Leshten, Dolen is still a working
where visitors can stay, has agricultural village. The
been restored. The houses Key inhabitants keep animals and
have original wooden floors, Tour route work the land. Tobacco leaves
thick stone walls, and modern are hung out on wooden
Main road
bathrooms and heating. The frames and people can be
roofs are tiled with slabs of Other road seen sorting beans and corn
local stone. Trail on their doorsteps.
130 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
E History Museum
ul. Vlado Chernozemski 2.
Tel (0359) 52591. Open 9am–
5:30pm Mon–Sat. & Batak Reservoir, the picturesque artificial lake near Batak
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp223–4 and pp234–6
SOUTHERN BULGARIA 131
Environs
Picturesque Batak Reservoir lies Gaida, Bulgarian Bagpipes
6 km (4 miles) north of Batak. The Rhodope Mountains are thought to be the home of Bulgaria’s
The lake is surrounded by oldest folk music tradition. Central to this is the gaida, or Bulgarian
meadows, and only a small bagpipes. A gaida consists of a goatskin with a blowpipe attached
part of the lakeside has been to the neck hole and two other pipes – the drone and the melody
developed for tourism. chanter –attached to each of the front leg holes. Holding it under
his arm, the player blows into the bag, forcing air out through the
E History Museum pipes. A feature of the gaida
pl. Osvobozh Denie 3. Tel (03553) is the “flea hole”, a smaller
2329. Open Apr–Sep: 9am–5pm hole usually covered by the
Mon–Fri; Oct–Mar: 9am–noon, 1–5pm
player’s index finger. When
Mon–Fri. & Joint ticket for History
uncovered, it raises any
Museum, Church of Sveta Nedelya
and Ethnographic Museum. 8 note by a semitone to
create the unique
E Church of Sveta Nedelya ornamentation of
pl. Osvobozh Denie 3. Open & Bulgarian folk music.
& See History Museum (above). 8
Folk singers are often
E Ethnographic Museum accompanied by a kaba
pl. Osvobozh Denie 3. Open & gaida, a large, low-pitched
& See History Museum (above). 8 bagpipe. Bands of 60 to 100
pipers, known as sto kaba
gaidi, produce a Gaida players at the International
a Devin tremendous sound. Bagpipe Festival in Shiroka Lûka
Девин
80 km (50 miles) S of Plovdiv.
Map C4. * 7,050. @
by a small river, and looks Hall, the building houses the
across to densely wooded Ethnographic Museum, filled
Besides the bottled mineral slopes on the opposite side. with original furnishings and
water for which Devin is well Picturesque houses with bare other exhibits that illustrate the
known, this small town’s stone foundations, timber and lives of the Sgurov family.
greatest merit is its thermal whitewashed walls, and roofs Shiroka Lûka has a strong
pools and baths. The Orpheus of roughly hewn stone slabs association with folk culture.
Hotel, in the town, has an perch on terraces cut into the It is one of the best places to
outdoor thermal pool that hillside. A network of cobbled see a kukeri carnival (see p106).
is open to the public. streets threads through the The village is also the home
Devin also has a History town’s haphazard layout. of the National School of
Museum, with a collection The Church of the Folklore Arts, which organizes
of exhibits illustrating folklore Assumption (1834), reached performances of folk music for
of the western Rhodopes. by crossing an ancient stone tour groups, and it hosts the
bridge on the western side of International Bagpipe Festival.
E History Museum the village, is decorated with
ul. Orfei 1. Tel (03041) 2319. Open naive frescoes of a funeral and R Church of the Assumption
Mon–Sat, times vary so call ahead. & biblical scenes. Across the road Open rarely. Enquire in the village.
from the church is the Sgurov E Ethnographic Museum
Konak (Sgurov House), built by ul. Kapitan Petko Voivoda 26.
sWestern a wealthy local family in the late Tel (0899) 465170.
Rhodopes Caves 19th century. Now the Town Open 8am–6pm daily. &
Пещери в Западните Родопи
See pp132–3.
d Shiroka Lûka
Широка Лъка
90 km (56 miles) S of Plovdiv. Map C4.
* 800. @ _ Kukeri carnival
(1st weekend in Mar); International
Bagpipe Festival (Aug)
Dospat
Zmeitsa
Transport
@ from Devin
Grohotno
Devin
Kastraklii
Reserve
Gyovren
Tr i g
ra
dska
Yagodina
s ka
n ov
ui
Bo
0 kilometres 2
0 miles 2
Trigrad Village
This picturesque village is
notable for the sight of a Key
church and a mosque side
by side. Birdwatchers Main road
should look out for the Other roads
wallcreepers often spotted Trail
on rocks nearby.
For map symbols see back flap
134 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
E History Museum
ul. Dicho Petrov 3. Tel (0301) 62727.
Open 9am–5pm Tue–Sun. &
E Art Gallery
ul. Dicho Petrov 5. Tel (0301) 62328
Open May–Sep: 10am–noon,
1–6:30pm daily; Oct–Apr: 9am–noon,
The mountain town of Smolyan, one of the highest in Bulgaria
1–5:30pm daily. &
f Smolyan The History Museum, however, E Planetarium
Смолян makes good use of its space. Its bul. Bulgariya 20. Tel (0301) 83074.
captivating exhibits begin with Shows in English at 3pm daily.
103 km (64 miles) S of Plovdiv.
the earliest human presence in & 7 ∑ planetarium-sm.org
Map C5. * 30,600. @ n bul.
Bulgaria 5, Mladezhki dom building the central Rhodope Mountains.
(0301-62530). ∑ smolyan.bg Flint tools from the Palaeolithic
period are followed by objects
Smolyan is a narrow strip of from later prehistory, such as
a town strung out between spindle weights and other
densely forested mountains at stone implements. One room is
an altitude of about 1,000 m devoted to the Thracians, who
(3,300 ft). The air here is crisp were most active in the region
and fresh, and the climate during the Iron Age. Objects in
pleasantly sunny. this section include ceramic
Smolyan has a relatively vessels, bronze and iron clasps,
short history. The original local swords and arrows, a bronze
settlement of Ezerovo, situated helmet with bearded cheek
beside the lakes above the guards, and a a delightful bronze
town, was destroyed by oil lamp in the shape of a doe.
the Ottomans in the 17th Most of these objects were Part of Agushev Konak, a fine fortified
century as a reprisal against found in the many Thracian manor house in Mogilitsa
those of its inhabitants necropolises that have been
who refused to adopt discovered in the Rhodopes. g Mogilitsa
Islam. While they fled to Later exhibits relate to Могилица
the mountains, those the Ottoman campaign
20 km (12 miles) SW of Smolyan.
that agreed to convert to convert local Map C5. * 500. @
settled along the villagers to Islam.
Cherna River, where Evidence of outward An easy day trip from Smolyan
they founded the acceptance of Islam is the quiet village of Mogilitsa.
villages of Smolyan, that concealed It was once home to the
Ustovo and Raikovo. continued Christian wealthy Agushev family, who
In 1960 the three belief is shown in grew rich from sheep farming.
settlements were Icon of St John the such pieces as an The Agushev Konak, their
amalgamated to form Theologian, Smolyan Islamic gravestone winter residence, is one of the
Smolyan, now the with a cross carved best surviving examples of a
cultural and administrative on the underside. Upstairs, the Rhodopean fortified manor
capital of the central and museum’s displays continue house. It was begun in 1812
western Rhodopes. with beautiful fleecy rugs, and completed in 1842 and,
The town’s modern centre woven in goat’s wool coloured with a total of 221 windows,
was laid out in the 1980s. Its with vivid natural dyes. 86 doors and 26 chimneys,
great central thoroughfare The town’s Art Gallery, it is an imposing presence in
and enormous civic buildings, opposite the museum, has the village. The complex is
many of which appear to be an absorbing collection of divided into three walled
underused, seem out of paintings that includes romantic compounds, which were
proportion to the relatively Rhodopean landscapes and inhabited by Agushev’s eldest
modest size of its population. modern works by local artists. sons and their families.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp223–4 and pp234–6
SOUTHERN BULGARIA 135
Environs
About 3 km (2 miles) east of
Mogilitsa is Uhlovitza Cave. The
descent to the mouth of the cave,
down steep steps, is rewarded
by the dramatic sight of under- A piste on the forested slopes above the ski resort of Pamporovo
ground waterfalls and fascinating
mineral formations. The cave Water Mill Museum, visitors can k Pamporovo
can quite easily be reached by watch huge water-powered Пампорово
car, or on foot via a hiking trail. hammers processing woollen
85 km (53 miles) south of Plovdiv.
material. The complex also @
E Agushev Konak includes a guest house.
Closed to the public. With Borovets and Bansko,
T Uhlovitza Cave E Ethnographic Museum Pamporovo forms part of the
Open 9am–4pm Wed–Sun. & Complex trio of major Bulgarian ski
bul. Bulgaria 123. Tel (03071) 4166. resorts. Second-largest of the
Open 9am–6:30pm daily. & 0 - three, it is also the southern-
h Zlatograd = ® ∑ eac-zlatograd.com most and the sunniest. It was
Златоград purpose-built under Communism,
with large hotels set at the base
50 km (31 miles) SE of Smolyan.
Map D5. * 8,000. @
j Momchilovtsi of pine-forested pistes. While
Момчиловци the resort covers a larger area
Under Communism, Zlatograd than Borovets (see p111), it
90 km (56 miles) S of Plovdiv. Map C5.
(Gold Town) was a thriving * 450. @ n (03023) 2803.
lacks the village atmosphere of
mining centre. But by the late Bansko (see pp122–4), and has
1990s, rising costs and other This pretty Rhodopean fewer après-ski facilities.
factors had made its mines mountain village lies at an As it is geared to catering for
uneconomical and all were altitude of 1,200 m (4,000 ft). large groups, the resort has long
closed. More recently, however, With stunning views and great attracted Western European
Zlatograd has begun to tranquillity, it has become tourists on cheap package
recover, attracting visitors to popular as a weekend retreat holidays. With gentle slopes,
its interesting Ethnographic for wealthy townspeople. Its Pamporovo is suitable for
Museum Complex. nearby snowboard park also beginners and intermediate
This ensemble of restored attracts winter visitors, and the skiers, but offers little to
National Revival buildings area is used as a base by hunters challenge the more advanced.
houses traditional workshops, visiting Kormisosh, Bulgaria’s With snow from December to
an Ethnographic Museum, and largest hunting reserve, 15 km mid-April, the resort is crowded
an Education Museum. At the (9 miles) away. during the winter season. In
summer, by contrast, it is virtually
deserted, despite the beauty of
the landscape at that time of
year and the efforts of tour
operators to promote mountain
biking and hiking here.
For spectacular views at any
time of year, visitors can take
the chairlift to Mount
Snezhanka. The Television
Tower on the summit, at a
height of 1,926 m (6,320 ft),
has an observation gallery.
P Television Tower
Mount Snezhanka. Open 9am–5pm
Part of the Ethnographic Museum Complex in Zlatograd daily. -
DIMITU
Archaeological HAN
Museum
Roman ruins and National Revival mansions.
R TS
BULEVARD I
6 SEPTEMVR
PLOSHTAD
O
SUEDINENIE
NCH
History
T Roman Stadium mosque’s outer wall serves VRI
EV
TEM
Museum KNIAZ BOGORIDII
SEP
RAIK
pl. Dzhumaya. Turkish coffee and baklava D
6
AR
YOA
V
Crumbling marble terraces (syrupy cake). ULE OPULCHENSKA
O D
B
K IM G
and tumbled columns oddly
ASK
Natural History
Museum
incorporated into the concrete SOFRONIY
A LO V
RU EV
VRACH ANSKI
KNIAZ A
Z
U Dzhumaya Mosque B.
Tepe
ES
LA
pl. Dzhumaya.
V
LEKSAN
Although the imposing nine- RO
V Clock
TODO
DO Tower
domed Friday Mosque is TO
PETKO
OV
R KA
DER I
ES H
KT
PR
ES
STEPHAN
KO
STAMBOLOV
LA
V
V
GO
E Natural History Museum lie within. Among many notable VISITORS’ CHECKLIST
ul. Hristo Danov 34. Tel (032) 626 683. exhibits are a camel and an ana-
Open 8:30am–noon, 1–5pm Tue–Sun. conda. Downstairs is an aquarium Practical Information
& ∑ rnhm.org where visitors can see live turtles 145 km (90 miles) SE of Sofia.
A stuffed deer at the museum and fish, including piranhas. Map C4. * 339,000. ( daily.
entrance sets the scene for the Other rooms contain displays _ Folk Festival (Aug),
remarkable collection of stuffed of minerals and giant crystals, International Fair (May, Sep).
∑ plovdiv.bg
mammals, birds and reptiles that fossilized trees, mammoth tusks
and teeth, and tiny fossils of Transport
organisms that lived millions k~£@
of years ago.
A
M ARITS
RD
E VA
BUL VESELA
E City Art Gallery architecture, with rooms each
VOIVODA
TA R O V
ASEN ZLA
BUL. TS
ul. Knyaz Alexander Batemberg 15. side of the main drawing room.
Tel (032) 624 221. Open 9:30am– Hristo Danov, founder of
NIKOLA
BU
LE
VA
10am–12:30pm, 1–5:30pm Sat & Sun. Bulgaria, lived here from 1868
RD VRI & (free on Thu).
TEM until his death in 1911. Danov
PL 6 SEP
HEBROS
This gallery displays the work was largely responsible for the
TSA
OBEDINITEL
Tepe Nedkovich
artists in continually changing school textbooks in Bulgarian.
N
House
SH
TSAN
collection of 19th-century art. house contains a collection
AN
O LA K
Hindliyan VREN
OV
House
Icon Another of Plovdiv’s permanent of books and a re-created
A
R SK
Georgi Bozhilov-
A Museum art collections is kept at the State 19th-century classroom.
EZ Slona Gallery
E L Philippopolis
ZH Hipokrat Gallery of Fine Arts (see p142).
Art Gallery
T
Pharmacy
ARE
A
RN State Gallery R Church of Sveta
BO
N
SA of Fine Arts
T PA
Bogoroditsa
S L AV E I K O V
Church of
OLI
Roman
Lamartine
This imposing stone church has a
Theatre
House distinctive pink and blue bell
PL
OLD TOWN VUZRAZHDANE tower that was added with
Russian assistance in 1880, after
OTE
Sveta Marina
mood of the late 19th century.
PA I
Trakart Cultural
SII
. Icon Museum
The beautiful icons on display
here were painted in the
15th and 16th centuries, and
come from churches in the
vicinity of Plovdiv.
A
RN
BO
impressionistic works were inspired by village life, and often depict K APIYA
PL
IT
1951, when partial paralysis forced him to paint with his left hand.
K
N
Y
A
Z
T
S
E
R
E
T
E
L
E
V
Apteka Hipokrat
This pharmacy museum
gives a fascinating insight
into the treatment of
common ailments in
the 19th century. Georgi Bozhilov-
Slona Gallery
The work of Bulgarian
modernist painters fills
the rooms of this gallery.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp223–4 and pp234–6
PLOVDIV 141
Transport
£@
ULI
TSA
TSA
NKO
LAV
REN
OV
. Kuyumdzhiogh House
This beautiful house is one of the
Old Town’s showpieces. Built in
1847, it is now an Ethnographic
Museum, with regional costumes
and a traditional rose-oil distiller.
A
ARH. PEE V HRIST
P. R . S L A V E Y K O V
V
ARIE
NEK T
KIRIL
Nedkovich House
Secluded behind a high wall,
Nedkovich House was built for a
textile merchant in 1863. The
rooms contain many of the
house’s original furnishings,
imported from East and West
to create a blend of European
and Oriental styles.
P Lamartine House
ul. Knyaz Tseretelev. Closed to
the public.
This attractive house is named
after the French poet Alphonse
de Lamartine, who stayed here
briefly in 1833, in the course of
travels that he described in
Voyage en l’Orient. The well-preserved Roman Theatre, with seating for 6,000 spectators
144 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
1 Stone Mushrooms
The puffy pink Stone
Mushrooms (Kamennite gûbi)
are up to 2.5 m (8 ft) high. The
green hue of their caps and their
brown flecks are produced by
traces of iron, manganese and
other oxides.
(Skalen Prozorets) is 10 m
ik
Pl
z Bachkovo Monastery
Бачковски манастир
At the foot of the forested slopes of the Rhodope
Mountains lies Bachkovo Monastery, its serene courtyards
filled with flowerbeds, exotic trees and drinking fountains.
The monastery was founded in 1083 by Grigori and Abbasi
Bakouriani, Georgian brothers who were commanders in
the Byzantine army. In the 13th century, the monastery
was sponsored by Tsar Ivan Assen II and his successor
Ivan Aleksandûr. Destroyed by the Ottomans in the 16th The Ossuary
This is the only surviving part of the
century, it was restored by the 17th century. Because of
11th-century monastery. The frescoes
its fine architecture and frescoes, this great monastery, inside are so delicate that it is not
the second-largest in Bulgaria after Rila Monastery, is a open to visitors.
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
. Last Judgment
In the porch of the Church of
Sveti Nikola is a dramatic fresco
of the Last Judgment by Zahari
Zograf, with sinners falling
into the fires of Hell.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp223–4 and pp234–6
SOUTHERN BULGARIA 147
Transport
@ from Plovdiv or
Asenovgrad.
. Iconostasis
The Church of Sveta
Bogoroditsa also
contains a highly
ornate 17th-century
At the Miracle Icon of gilt iconostasis, which
the Virgin, worshippers gleams in the soft
gather to kiss the silver- light of hundreds of
plated Icon of the Virgin, flickering candles.
painted in 1310.
Main
entrance
Procession of the
Miraculous Icon
The refectory wall on the left of
Ayazmoto the courtyard bears the largest
panoramic wall painting in
Bulgaria. Painted by Alexi
Atanasov in 1846, it depicts the
procession with the Icon of the
Virgin on 15 August, the day of
the Assumption of the Virgin.
After Orthodox Easter, the icon
is carried to Ayazmoto.
Ayazmoto
On a nearby hill is a chapel
known as Ayazmoto. The Icon
of the Virgin was once hidden
from the Ottomans here.
. Refectory
A solid stone table and
wooden benches stretch the
length of the 17th-century
refectory. The vaulted ceiling Procession of the Miraculous Icon of
is covered with frescoes by the Virgin Mary
pupils of Zahari Zograf.
BULGARIA AREA BY AREA 149
CENTRAL BULGARIA
The Stara Planina Mountains form a mighty wall
across the heart of Bulgaria. To north and south lie
wooded hills, fertile plains and the vast rose fields
of the Sredna Gora valley. The region is renowned
both for its natural beauty and its ancient remains,
which include Neolithic settlements, Thracian
tombs, the Roman towns of Nikopolis ad Istrum
and Hisarya, and the majestic citadel of Tsarevets.
The Ottoman policy of granting regional From the 1860s, central Bulgaria was a
towns local autonomy and tax privileges hotbed of revolutionary activity. The rebel
in return for guarding mountain passes leader Vasil Levski established secret
allowed places such as Koprivshtitsa, revolutionary committees throughout the
Tryavna, Troyan and Kotel to prosper both region, and it was from Koprivshtitsa that
financially and culturally. Merchants grew the April Rising of 1876 began. In 1877,
rich from sheep and cattle farming, and the region witnessed the bloodiest battle
from the export of such goods as leather of the War of Liberation when a Russian
items, woollen cloth, pottery, rose oil army, supported by Bulgarian militias, dug
and silk. in at the Shipka Pass, from where they
In the early 19th century, turning the eventually defeated the Ottomans.
weakened state of the Ottoman Empire Though the kurdzhali raids of the early
to their advantage, these merchants 19th century destroyed much of the area’s
used their wealth to establish and architectural heritage, restored buildings
fund Bulgarian language schools in several picturesque museum towns
and to restore long-neglected churches and villages give an insight into 18th- and
and monasteries. This fostered the 19th- century rural life. The region’s natural
sense of national identity that was to beauty has also been safeguarded by
become the keystone of the National the creation of the reserves that form
Liberation movement. the Central Balkan National Park.
LOVECH
Ugarchin
Vit
Al. Stamboliyski
Lake
Yablanitsa
GLOZHENE Sevlievo
MONASTERY Sopot ma
Vratsa di
Vi
Botevgrad TETEVEN Lake TROYAN
Pravets
B a Etropole RIBARITSA
l k
Ros
TROYAN Apriltsi
a n C E N T R A L B A L MONASTERY
itsa
Buhovo
Pirdop
s KAN
NA Botev
Vezhen TION 2376 m
oln
itsa 2198 m AL P
Sofia
Top Klisura Sopot ARK
Elin Pelin Bogdan
KOPRIVSHTITSA 1604 m KARLOVO
S tr Kalofer Pavel
yam Banya
STAROSEL a
Panagyuriste Streltcha TOMBS Bratan
HISARYA 1236 m
Ihtiman Topolnitsa S
Lake
Lu
0 kilometres 25
da
Brezovo
Yan
0 miles 25
a
Saedinenie Rakovski
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp225–6 and pp236–8
CENTRAL BULGARIA 151
Getting Around
The main Sofia–Burgas road runs west to east, via
Karlovo, Kazanluk and Sliven, along the southern
slopes of the Stara Planina Mountains. The Sofia–
Veliko Tûrnovo road runs north of the mountains.
These two routes are connected by the Zlatishki,
Troyan and Shipka passes. A railway runs parallel
to the Sofia–Burgas road, with a branch veering
north beyond Kazanlûk to Veliko Tûrnovo. Troyan
and Lovech have rail connections, but most of the
Ruse
northern half of the region can
only be reached by bus.
Yantra
Polski
Trambesh
NIKOPOLIS
Pavlikeni AD ISTRUM SVETA Strazhitsa
Rositsa TROISTA
CONVENT Varna
PREOBRAZHENSKI
MONASTERY Gorna Oryahovitsa
ARBANASI
EMEN VELIKO Fresco in the Church of Sveti Nikola, Elena
GORGE TURNOVO Zlataritsa
Ovcharitsa
Tund
Lake Elhovo
Chirpan
Merichleri Bolyarovo
Mari Galabovo
ca Malko Sahrkovo
Lake
Haskovo
Key
Motorway
Motorway under construction
Expressway
Main road
Other road
Railway
International border
Peak
Part of Veliko Tûrnovo, once the historic capital of Bulgaria
For additional map symbols see back flap
152 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
1 Glozhene (see p173). The trapdoor to this the Stara Planina Mountains.
Monastery hideout is now part of the Although Ribaritsa’s main
Гложенски манастир History Museum, which industry is tourism, it also
also contains the room in benefits from cultivating
11 km (7 miles) NW of Teteven.
which Bishop Kliment was raspberries and cattle farming.
Map C3. Tel (01960) 388. Open
imprisoned in 1893 after falling Fishing is a popular pastime here,
8am–9pm daily. 5 6pm daily. -
out with the Stambolov as are pony trekking, hunting
Of all Bulgaria’s many government. His meagre and walking in the neighbouring
monasteries, this one probably diet of salt fish and Tsarichina Reserve, part
has the most impressive setting. water was secretly of the Central Balkan
It perches on sheer cliffs that supplemented by National Park (see
tower high above the Vit River monks, who passed pp154–5). The beech,
valley. The monastery’s fortress- him a supply of food fir and spruce forests
like stone lower walls support through a hole in the reserve are the
rickety wooden upper storeys in the ceiling. habitat of Bulgaria’s
roofed with the roughly cut The earthquake seven species of owl
stone slabs characteristic of 1913 destroyed Tour sign, Tsarichina as well as wolves,
of the region. the old monastery Reserve, near Ribaritsa brown bears, red
Founded in 1224, the church, although its deer and otters (see
monastery was dedicated to 16th-century gilt iconostasis pp30–31). South of the village is
St George the Victorious by survives. The present church the Benkovski Monu-ment,
Prince Glozh, a Ukrainian who dates from 1931. which marks the spot where
brought with him a miracle- Georgi Benkovski was killed
working icon of St George from E History Museum by the Ottomans after his
Kiev Monastery. The icon now in Open 9am–6pm daily. & participation in the fateful
the monastery church is a copy; April Rising of 1876 (see p178).
the original is in Lovech bishopric. The event is re-enacted each
In the 13th and 14th 2 Ribaritsa year on 25 May.
centuries Glozhene Monastery Рибарица
was a thriving centre of
12 km (7 miles) SE of Teteven.
learning, with schools for the
Map C3. n (06902-472).
3 Teteven
study of literature and religion. Тетевен
The residential buildings The village of Ribaritsa lies on
72 km (45 miles) SW of Lovech.
around the central courtyard the picturesque Vit River. It is Map C3. * 11,500. @ n pl. Sava
were built in 1858. It was popular as a weekend retreat Mladenov (0678-4217). ( Sat.
where, in a secret underground for Bulgarians, who stay in ∑ teteven.bg
chamber, that Vasil Levski hid the village’s many hotels or their
from the Ottoman authorities villas on the wooded slopes of The forested peaks and rocky
cliffs of the Stara Planina
Mountains loom over Teteven,
a quiet town that straddles the
Vit River. Under Ottoman rule,
Teteven, like several other
settlements in the region, was
granted self-government in
return for providing troops to
guard the mountain passes.
This relative autonomy boosted
the town’s craft-based economy,
and its merchants profited from
the export of locally made goods
to Western Europe and Asia. In
recognition of its skilled
goldsmiths, the town became
known as Golden Teteven, but
this attracted the unwelcome
attention of marauding kurdzhali
bandits, who pillaged the town
in 1801, supposedly killing over
5,000 and leaving only three
houses standing.
Apart from its picturesque
setting, the town’s main
Interior of Glozhene Monastery church, with a 16th-century iconostasis attraction for visitors is its
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp225–6 and pp236–8
CENTRAL BULGARIA 153
5 Troyan Monastery
Троянския манастир
10 km (6 miles) SE of Troyan.
Map C3. Tel (06952) 2480. @
Open 8am–6pm daily. 5 5pm daily.
-=®
0 kilometres 5
0 miles 5
Gorunyovo
R.
Divchovoto
ina
Boatin
Kost
s
Beli O
Beli Vi
it
Kositsa 2070 m
2000 m T r o y a n
Pla
D am s k
Tete venska
l a
nin
ad
a
ere
Anton Vezhen
2198 m
Sofia Va r t o p a
Ra Hristo
vn
S t r ya m a
a
R. Danov
Rozino
Klisura Karnare
Key
Major road
Other road
Trail
Sub-alpine ecosystems Railway
At lower altitudes, a gentler
Peak
climate allows grassy
vegetation to grow and Pass
provide a superb habitat for
wildlife. In spring and early
summer, the meadows are
carpeted with wildflowers.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp225–6 and pp236–8
CENTRAL BULGARIA 155
Steneto Reserve
VISITORS’ CHECKLIST
Established to protect the
Steneto Gorge, this reserve
Practical Information
consists largely of lush beech
Map C3. n Central Balkan
forest. It is home to the
National Park Directorate, Bodra
greatest diversity of bird
Smyana 3, Gabrovo (066-801 277)
species in the Balkans.
and information centres at entry
These include golden and
points around the Central Balkan
booted eagles, eagle owls,
National Park; Stara Planina Tourist
and woodpeckers.
Association, ul. Opûlchenska 9,
Gabrovo (066-807 137). ®
∑ visitcentralbalkan.net
. Raiskoto Praskalo
Bulgaria’s highest
waterfall, Raiskoto Exploring the Park
Praskalo (Paradise The park and the reserves
Gusher) cascades
within it have a network of
124 m (407 ft) over
sheer cliffs below
marked footpaths and a small
Mount Botev. The number of mountain-biking
park’s other great trails, and chalets and lodges
waterfalls are that offer basic to comfortable
Vidimskoto Praskalo accommodation. As this is
(80 m/263 ft) and wild, harsh terrain, with an
Kademliskoto Praskalo unpredictable climate, walkers
(72 m/236 ft). should be suitably equipped
before setting off on hikes.
am
Os
Rositsa
ni
R.
er
rna
Ch
P l
Sta
a
Vidim
a n
ina
Rusaliyski
i n Pass
an
Steneto a Pl
Reserve a
Koupena sk G abrovnits
2168 m
f er Triglav a
Levski l o 2275 m
2165 m
Botev
Ka T r i g l a v
2376 m
Dzhendema Sokolna
Iganovo
Ta z
Reserve Reserve
h
R a v n e t
Tu
Skoblevo
n
s
dz
ha
Sopot
Tazha
Karlovo
Kazanluk
KEY
E Ethnographic Complex
ul. Hristo. Tel (068) 601 399.
Open 8am–noon, 1–5pm daily. &
E Vasil Levski Museum
ul. Marin Poplukanov 14. Tel (068)
601 407. Open 8am–noon, 1–5pm
daily. &
R Church of the Assumption
ul. Marin Poplukanov.
Open 8am–8pm daily.
8 Emen Gorge
Еменски каньон
Pokritya most, or Covered Bridge, across the Osûm River at Lovech
Emen village, 25 km (16 miles) W of
Veliko Tûrnovo. Map D2. @
7 Lovech contains a huge mural of the
Ловеч legendary rebel leader, as well as The magnificent Emen Gorge
his dagger, sword and pistol, and was carved out by the action
35 km (22 miles) S of Pleven.
other items relating to his life. of water over thousands of
Map C2. * 36,600. £ @
∑ lovech.bg The Church of the Assumption years. From Emen village,
(1834) overlooks the museum. visitors can follow a trail that
Because its position gave it The murals in its simple interior leads deep into the gorge via
control of the Troyan Pass, to the are undergoing restoration. rocky paths and wooden
south, the site that Lovech A huge statue of Levski stands walkways. The trail, which
occupies has been inhabited on Hisarya hill next to Hisar takes two hours to walk,
since Thracian times. In the 16th fortress. Originating in the culminates at Momin skok
century the town’s population 9th century, the fortress was waterfall. Here cascades spill
was swelled by the arrival of prominent during the Second over a 10-m (30-ft) drop into
thousands of Ottoman Turks, Bulgarian Kingdom (1185–1393) a small lake that is suitable for
who stamped their mark on but fell into disrepair after swimming. This pristine area
Lovech’s cultural life by building the Ottoman invasion and was declared a nature reserve
mosques and Muslim schools is now in ruins. in 1980.
here. Lovech’s Bulgarian minority
remained in the Varosha quarter,
the old town on the slopes of
Hisarya hill. Pokritya most
(“Covered Bridge”), across the
Osûm River, links Lovech’s old
and new quarters. It was built in
1874 by National Revival
architect Kolyo Ficheto and is
now filled with souvenir shops.
Many of the National Revival
houses in the Varosha quarter
form part of an architectural
preservation area. The town’s
Ethnographic Museum occupies
two of them, one filled with
19th-century European furniture
and Ottoman floor cushions and
low tables, the other furnished in
early 20th-century style. The
cellars contain wooden wine
barrels, a wine press and a still for
making rakiya, a potent spirit.
Further along the street is the
Vasil Levski Museum. In 1870
Levski (see p173) made Lovech
the headquarters of Bulgaria’s
Central Revolutionary Committee
and the town contributed
significantly to the Liberation
movement. The museum Dramatic cliffs of Emen Gorge, carved out by the Negovanka River
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp225–6 and pp236–8
CENTRAL BULGARIA 157
9 Gabrovo
Габрово
46 km (29 miles) SW of Veliko Tûrnovo.
Map D3. * 58,950. £ @
n pl. Vazrazhdane 3, (066 818 406).
_ Festival of Humour and Satire
(May). ∑ gabrovo.bg
P Slaveykov House
ul. Slaveykov 50. Tel (0677) 2278.
Open May–Sep: 9:30am–1:30pm,
2–6pm Wed–Sun; Oct–Jun: 9am–5pm
Wed–Sun. & 8 =
Two literary giants lived in this
cozy house. Petko Slaveykov
(1827–95) was an important
National Revival figure who
Open cobbled courtyard at Shkoloto, once Tryavna’s school house published Bulgarian-language
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp225–6 and pp236–8
T R YAV N A 159
Bus Station
Tryavna Town Centre 200 m (220 yards)
Train Station
200 m (220 yards)
1 Shkoloto
A
SK
A
2 Raikov House
IN
EN
N
Z HD
A
PL
U S TA G E N C H O
EV
V A
ORO AR
YA V
Z
UN C
P. K . ST
VA
4 Daskalov House A. K
KR
A
AY Angel Kûnchev
M
BR
RA
5 Slaveykov House EZ
H
House
VA
NO
L
D YA Buddhist N A I VA N K A
G ORO
PA
6 Museum of Icon-Painting O
V
and African
SK
Art Museum
EV
A
CH
SH
UN
Raikov IPK
A
L K
House I.
SL
GE
AV
EY
KO BA
AN
V C
H
Shkoloto O
A Church of the K
N IN Old Bridge IR
Archangel Michael O
Museum of Icon- P LA PL. KAP. A . K
TS DYADO U NCH E V
BACHO KIRO
Painting VE A The Clock NIKOLA
EZA RA A R
ZD Tower
H A N A S PA R U H
BR ST V
KO
EY TS
AV A
SL R
A
R.
UR
Slaveykov
D . GORO V
P. KA
VA
CH
House LO
ASENEVTSI
YA
RO
CH U
N
TS Kalinchev BO
VE KALETO
RA House Daskalov
ZD
PEYCHEVA LIVADA House
Y KO
VE
a
vn
A
RT
SL
ya
R.
A
AK
P.
M
Tr
AM
S H A H O V ET
I
M
.K
S
8-
CH
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8-MI MART
0 metres 200
0 yards 200
e Veliko Tûrnovo
Велико Търново
With a picturesque hillside setting, fine architecture and a
wealth of historic sights, Veliko Tûrnovo is one of Bulgaria’s
most beautiful cities. Tall, narrow houses teeter on sheer
cliffs that rise high above the meandering Yantra River, and
to the east are the ruins of the majestic fortress of Tsarevets.
The city has a proud history as the mighty capital of the Second
Kingdom (1185–1393), and later as the seat of liberated
Bulgaria’s first National Assembly. By day Veliko Tûrnovo
bustles with local people, students and visitors. After dark, Samovodska Charshiya, the bazaar in the
the focus switches to the city’s lively bars and nightclubs. Varusha quarter of the city
P House of the Little R Church of Sveti Nikolai the bazaar’s narrow cobbled
Monkey ul. Vustani Cheska 43, Varusha quarter. streets are now occupied by
ul. Vustanicheska 14. Open 8am–7pm daily. 5 8am Sun. souvenir shops selling local
Closed to the public. This sturdy church, with a craft items.
This house, one of many in simple stone exterior and a
Veliko Tûrnovo designed by red-tiled roof, was designed by P Asenevtsi Monument
the great local architect Kolyo Kolyo Ficheto. The iconostasis, Asenevtsi Park.
Ficheto (1800–81), dates from with dragons, eagles and a Unveiled in 1985, to mark the
1849. It is set on a hillside, with central sun motif lighting the 800th anniversary of the
the ground floor accessible at church’s gloomy interior, is a founding of the Second
street level, and entrances to stunning example of the work Bulgarian Kingdom, this
the two projecting upper floors of the Tryavna School (see monument features a mighty
at the rear. It features a pair of pp158–9). The bishop’s throne sword, with Asen, Petûr, Ivan
bay windows, attractive red features an allegorical carving Asen II and Kaloyan astride
and white brickwork, and a tiny of a dragon (Turkey) attacking horses. The four tsars ruled the
statue of a monkey that gives a lion (Bulgaria) that is being kingdom from 1185 to 1241.
the house its name. suffocated by a snake (the The monument is an excellent
Orthodox Church). point from which to admire the
R Church of SS Kiril city’s old houses, precariously
i Metodii P Samovodska Charshiya perched on the cliffs opposite.
ul. SS Kiril i Metodii, Varusha quarter. Varusha quarter.
Open 8am–7pm daily. 5 8am Sun. It was in the 19th century that E Art Gallery
High up in the hills, in the city’s Samovodska Charshiya Asenovtsi Park. Tel (062) 638 941.
old Varusha quarter, this small developed into a thriving Open 10am–6pm Tue–Sun. & 8
church was built by Kolyo bazaar, with stalls, workshops Bulgarian painting of the 19th
Ficheto in 1860, but lost its dome and a caravanserai for visiting and 20th centuries makes up
and belfry during the earthquake merchants. The bazaar is in this fine collection. Charcoal
of 1913. A curved wooden the pleasant historic Varusha landscapes by Boris Denev
balcony at the back of the church quarter of the city, which rises (1883–1969) fill much of the
was designed for the segregation steeply above the old town. The ground floor. In the upper
of female worshippers. attractive stone houses that line rooms are works by Dimitûr
Kazakov (1933–92), with sharply
outlined figures in abstract
compositions. Among several
monumental works are Veliko
Tûrnovo in the Past by Naiden
Petkov (1918–89) and People Say
Goodbye to Patriarch Evtimii by
Svetlin Rusev (b. 1933).
P Sarafkina House
ul. Gûrko 88. Open Apr–Oct: 9am–
noon, 1–6pm Tue–Sat; Nov–Mar:
9am–5:30pm Tue–Sat. &
With stone walls below and
whitewashed walls above,
shuttered windows and a tiled
Church of Sveti Nikolai, built by the 19th-century architect Kolyo Ficheto roof, this house is typical of the
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp225–6 and pp236–8
VELIKO TÛRNOVO 161
IL RN
3 Church of Sveti Nikolai I
IP
METO IC
HE
KA
DII SK
Slaveykov
4 Samovodska Charshiya
HA
Samovodska A
House
OV
DZ
K A
Charshiya Church of
MEDN
5 Asenevtsi Monument
KAR A
RAF
RS
KA
SH
OG
V A S TA N
6 Art Gallery PL. P. R.
SLAVEYKOV House of the I CH N.
Z
TIP
ES
LA
Little Monkey KA
7 Sarafkina House
T
S TE
TA
Monument to
N YO
FA
RS
O PA
PA
KO
KO ST VS
GU R
LCH E NSKA
KI
9 Museum of the National Revival N. A PL.
GE M G. KIRKOV
G K R AY B R E Z H N A BO
ST
. GURK V
IM
AL
EZ
G
EN PL.
N
EK N D A
V
. VELCHOVA
KO
SA
G ZAVERA
R
U
U
A
D
IT
N
RK
IM
Asenevtsi
O
A
O
SE
D
N Monument Church of
Ya
PEN
AR
RU SS Konstantin
nt
Bus Station
ET
5 km (3 miles)
ra
I
O
ZH
V Sarafkina
EV
Park
D
A
House
H
I VA
YA N
Art
HR
K A LO Gallery
TSAR
N
IST
Stambolov
OLIYSKI Archaeological
VA
MB
O
S TA Bridge O
Y V AY LO Museum
Z
V
BO
1.5 km (1 mile)
ND
V
0 yards 100
EK
Modern History
Museum
Tsarevets
Царевец . Light Show
A fantastic light show,
The impressive hilltop fortress of Tsarevets with a rousing sound
occupies a commanding position on a rocky track, takes place almost
hill that is nearly completely encircled by the every night in summer.
Yantra River. This vantage point was occupied Waves of colour light up
the fortress, and the
almost continuously from the 4th millennium spectacle culminates
BC, and in 1186, Tsar Petûr made it the capital with bell ringing
of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. From that and fireworks.
time, the kings of Bulgaria inhabited the
Royal Palace and many aristocrats and
foreign diplomats set up residence in the
citadel. When the Second Kingdom fell
to the Ottomans in 1393, Tsarevets was
reduced to rubble. Of the original 400
buildings and 22 churches only a small
number have been fully restored.
Church of Sveti
Georgi
This small church
contains frescoes
of Orthodox saints.
The paintings, badly
damaged and heavily
restored, once
covered almost
the entire interior.
To Veliko
Tûrnovo
Main Gate
Asenova Gate
Reconstructed in 1976,
this three-storey gate
tower was used by the
artisans and clerics who
lived in the Asenova
Quarter below the fortress.
. Baldwin’s Tower
Named after
Emperor Baldwin of
Flanders, who was
KEY
held here in the 13th
1 Church of the Forty Martyrs
century, this tower
guarded the rock’s
2 Church of the Dormition southernmost point.
3 The Church of SS Petûr i Pavel Earlier, it was known
is a medieval church notable for its as the Frenk Hisar
openwork capitals, frescoes of Gate, and was used
St Peter and St Paul, to whom it is by foreign merchants
dedicated, and depiction of the Pietà. living outside
the complex.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp225–6 and pp236–8
TSAREVETS 163
Rock of Execution
At the northernmost point of the fortress,
the Rock of Execution juts out above sheer
cliffs and the River Yantra far below. It was
from here that traitors and criminals were
pushed to their deaths.
. Royal Palace
Patriarchate Built in the 12th century, the Royal
Perched at the Palace was an enclosed complex
rock’s highest point is with a central courtyard. Now a
the 13th-century Church partially reconstructed ruin, it has
of the Patriarchate. modern concrete staircases that
Defended by thick walls, visitors can climb for magnificent
it was once part of the views of the surroundings.
patriarch’s residential
complex. Startling 0 metres 50
modern murals adorn
the interior. 0 yards 50
164 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
o Arbanasi
Арбанаси
4 km (3 miles) NE of Veliko Tûrnovo.
Map D3. * 300. @ n (062-636
954). ∑ arbanassi.org
i Sveta Troitsa
Convent
Манастир “Света Троица”
4 km (3 miles) N of Veliko Tûrnovo.
Map D2. Open 8am–6pm daily.
Developed by the monks of Mount Athos, in Greece, in the This sturdy stone structure was
early 14th century, Hesychasm, a mystic Orthodox religion, was rebuilt in 1825 with defence in
propagated from Kilifarevo Monastery by Sveti mind, as the original 13th-century
Teodosii Tûrnovski. Demanding the rejection monastery was repeatedly
of social activity, it was based on silent destroyed under Ottoman rule.
contemplation. Hesychasts constantly The church was built in 1835
repeated prayers in the hope of and features icons by the
reaching an ecstatic state in Vitanov family of Tryavna. Above
which they might experience its entrance is a glowing Last
God’s divine light. Hesychasm’s Judgment mural (1845) by Yovan
widespread popularity has Popovich. It shows Christ flanked
sometimes been blamed for by legions of haloed saints
further weakening the watching devils poke sinners into
declining Second Kingdom at a river of fire that sweeps them
a time when citizens were into hell. The monastery was a key
needed to defend the state Portal at Kilifarevo Monastery, once a educational and cultural centre
rather than retreat into prayer. centre of Hesychasm during the National Revival
movement of the 19th century.
168 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
a Elena
Елена
40 km (25 miles) SE of Veliko Tûrnovo.
Map D3. * 6,500. @ ∑ elena.bg
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp225–6 and pp236–8
CENTRAL BULGARIA 171
The Tundzha Valley, northwest of Kazanlûk, was a holy place Practical Information
for the inhabitants of Seuthopolis, the capital of Seuthes III, About 20 km (12 miles) NW of
Kazanlûk, on the road to the
who ruled the powerful Odrysae tribe in the 4th century BC.
Shipka Pass. Map D3. Open Visits
It was in this valley that many Thracian kings and nobles were to the tombs can be arranged
buried, in elaborate stone tombs that were sealed and through the Iskra Museum in
covered with earth. Excavation of these burial mounds Kazanlûk; Tel (0431) 63762. &
8 ∑ kazanlak.bg
(mogili), some of which seem to have been used as places
of ritual and sacrifice, has shed light on Thracian rituals. Transport
For visitors without their own
About 15 of the tumuli have so far been excavated, but
transport, the tombs are best
only a few are open to visitors. reached by taxi from Kazanlûk.
. Mogila Shoushmanets
A pair of stone doors with carvings of sun discs
open into the burial chamber. A single column
topped by a stone disc thought to symbolize the
sun supports the domed ceiling.
Mogila Griffin
A corridor leads deep into the tumulus. The
stone seats in its circular central chamber
suggest that it was used as a
temple. There are even
Gabrovo iron hooks for the
priests’ robes.
enska Planina
i pch . Mogila Helvetia
Sch Named after Switzerland, which
Shipka provided the funds for its
excavation, this tomb contains
a temple and an antechamber
Pavel where horses were regularly
Banya sacrificed and where
priests made divinations
Sheynovo from their blood.
Sarafova Tomb
Hadzhidimitrovo
Enina
Kran
Mogila Golyama
Kosmatka
This tomb consists
of three linked
chambers, one of
Mogila Golyama Arsenalka which contains
As it was found to be empty the sarcophagus
when it was excavated, this of Seuthes III
tomb is thought to have been and some
plundered in ancient times. remarkable
A corridor leads to a circular gold and
domed chamber with a Kazanluk silver
concave central floor tile that Sliven treasures.
represents the sun.
. Mogila Ostrousha
Kazanlûk Tomb
Beneath a mound 20 m (65 ft)
Key
high, the Ostrousha Tomb
Main road contains six chambers. The
Other road northern room was carved
from a single block of stone.
Trail
The paintings on its walls 0 kilometres 5
Railway include this tiny portrait of
a red-haired girl. 0 miles 5
Environs z Karlovo
From Shipka village a winding Карлово
mountain road leads up to
35 km (22 miles) N of Plovdiv. Map C3.
Shipka Pass. It was here that * 25,500. £ @ n ul. Vodopad
General Gûrko and his Russian 35 (0335 953 373). ∑ karlovotur.com
army, supported by Bulgarian
militia using cherry tree The highest mountains in the
cannons and rocks for weapons, Central Balkans loom over
repulsed fierce Ottoman attacks Karlovo, birthplace of Vasil
in 1877. From the pass, several Levski, Bulgaria’s most
hundred steep steps lead up to celebrated revolutionary.
the Freedom Monument, The town’s 19th-century quarter
which crowns the summit of is a jumble of National Revival
Mount Shipka, at an altitude buildings and cobbled streets
of 1,326 m (4,352 ft). Standing centred on the rough stone
32 m (105 ft) high and built of Church of Sveta Bogoroditsa Fresco of Vasil Levski in the Church of Sveta
roughly cut stone, the grand (1851). Its blue bell tower was Bogoroditsa, Karlovo
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp225–6 and pp236–8
CENTRAL BULGARIA 173
E History Museum
ul. Vazrozhdenska 4. Tel (0335) 94728. One of the temple-tombs near Starosel, burial place of Thracians
Open 8am–noon, 1–5pm daily. & =
Today Hisarya’s town walls uncovered a rectangular
E Vasil Levski Museum
enclose gardens, outdoor Thracian temple with steps
ul. General Kartsov 57. Tel (0335)
cafés and fountains. The small leading to the entrance, and
93489. Open 8:30am–1pm, 2–5pm
daily. &
Archaeology Museum ten stone pillars that once
contains objects found supported the roof. The temple
E Ivan Vazov Museum during excavations of the town, dates from the 5th century BC
ul. Vasil Levski 1, Sopot. Tel (03134) including artifacts made by the and was later used as the tomb
8650. Open 8:30am–5:30pm daily. & Bessi, a Thracian tribe of the 1st of an unknown Thracian ruler,
millennium BC, votive tablets who was buried with a collection
from the Roman period, and of arrowheads, silver beads and
a marble bust of Diocletian. leather armour covered with
plates of beaten gold.
E Archaeology Museum
The Chetinyova tomb,
ul. Alexander Stamboliiski 8.
Tel (0337) 62796. Open 8am–noon, excavated in 2000, is 3 km
1–4:30pm daily. & (2 miles) further on. It dates
from the 6th century BC and is
thought to have been the burial
c Starosel Tombs place of the legendary Thracian
Kamilite Gate, one of four gates into the Тракийска гробница – ruler Sitalkes. The entire hilltop
ancient town of Hisarya Старосел site is encircled by a wall of
dressed granite. Granite steps
N of Starosel village. Map D3. @
x Hisarya Open 9am–5pm daily. & 8 =
lead up to the tomb’s outer
Хисаря entrance, where a corridor opens
Of the 120 tumuli in the vicinity onto a burial chamber 5.4 m
43 km (27 miles) N of Plovdiv.
Map C3. * 8,400. £ @
of Starosel, only a few have (18 ft) in diameter, the largest
been fully excavated, but six so far discovered in Bulgaria.
Hisarya lies in a depression at of those were discovered to be The complex’s early use as
the eastern end of the Sredna Thracian temple-tombs. Their a temple is indicated by the
Gora Mountains. Springs drew close proximity suggests that wine trough for ritual libations
Thracian settlers here in the the area was particularly sacred behind the hill, the sacrificial
1st millennium BC, and later the to Thracians. Only two of the pits dug near the entrance, and
Romans developed the settle- tombs are open to the public. the fact that the site is aligned
ment into a luxurious spa town. The Horizont tomb lies 3 km in such a way that, at the winter
In AD 251 Hisarya was devastated (2 miles) outside the village of solstice, a shaft of sunlight
by invading Goths, but it was Starosel. In 2002 archaeologists beams into the central chamber.
rebuilt, with the addition of
colossal walls, as much as 10 m
(33 ft) high in places, and four Vasil Levski (1837–73)
gates. Of these, only one, the One of Bulgaria’s most active revolutionaries,
Kamilite Gate (named after Vasil Levski fervently believed that the only
the camel caravans that passed way for Bulgaria to win freedom was for
through it), remains. its own people to rise up against Ottoman
In AD 293 the Romans rule rather than await foreign intervention.
renamed the town Diocletiano- Levski was a prominent member
polis in honour of Emperor of the Central Revolutionary
Committee and spent many
Diocletian, and prosperity
years establishing secret
returned until the collapse of revolutionary organizations
the Byzantine Empire in the 6th in towns and villages
century. One thousand years throughout Bulgaria. His
later, the town recovered its arrest and execution for treason
fortunes when the Ottomans in 1873 dealt a mighty blow
rediscovered its healing to the liberation movement. Monument to Vasil Levski in Karlovo
mineral springs.
Ruins of the grand fortress of Tsarevets, Veliko Tûrnovo
176 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
OV
D E BEL Y A N
This delightful house has a added in 1896.
The church’s interior is plain, Oslekov
picturesque setting above the House
town, against a backdrop of but it has a superb iconos-
forested hills. Its projecting tasis by woodcarvers of N I LO
RA Apriltsi
red-tiled roof contrasts with the Tryavna School, with GA Mausoleum
bright blue lower walls biblical scenes
and the dark wood of the interwoven with Cemetery
upper storey. animals and flowers.
It is the birthplace of Some of its icons were Church of Sveta
the Symbolist poet painted by Zahari Zograf Bogoroditsa
House
SH
PU
Lyutov
The house contains renovation, and House
ODEZHDOV
personal possessions, replaced with newly BEL
IK OLA I
such as books, that painted icons. Bridge of N
Statue in the garden of the First Shot
Debelyanov took
with him to war, Debelyanov House
photographs and paintings,
including a portrait of him by
0 metres 100
Georgi Mashev. In the garden is
a brooding statue of his mother, 0 yards 100
R Church of Sveta
Bogoroditsa
ul. Dimcho Debelyanov 26.
Open irregular hours. 5 8am Sun.
The blue-walled Church of
Sveta Bogoroditsa played a
memorable role in Bulgarian
history. On 20 April 1876, its
bell rang out to announce the
beginning of the April Rising.
The church was built in 1817,
on the site of an earlier church
that was destroyed by kurdzhali
bandits. Surrounded by thick
stone walls, it was built slightly The Church of Sveta Bogoroditsa, whose bell proclaimed the April Rising
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp225–6 and pp236–8
KOPRIVSHTITSA 177
VISITORS’ CHECKLIST
Practical Information
110 km (68 miles) E of Sofia.
Road Map C3. * 3,000.
n pl. 20 April (07184 2191).
( Fri. _ Re-enactment of
the April Rising (1–2 May),
International Folk Festival (every
five years, next in summer 2015).
∑ koprivshtitza.com
Transport
Kableshkov House, elegant home of the leader of the April Rising @
House
V
Bus
OV S
E Karavelov House
ul. Hadzhi Nencho Palaveev 39.
Tel (07184) 2176. Open May–Oct:
9:30am–5:30pm Tue–Sun; Nov–Apr:
9am–5pm Tue–Sun. &
Home to one of the National
Liberation Movement’s key
ideologists, Karavelov House
consists, in fact, of two separate
buildings. The winter quarters
were constructed in 1810, while
the summer house, built over
the main entrance, was added
in 1835.
Lyuben Karavelov, born here
in 1834, was a prolific writer,
publisher and fervent revolu- Panorama of Koprivshtitsa as seen from the Benkovski monument
tionary. He spent time among
Bulgarian émigrés in Bucharest, that he bought in Serbia in 1871 homely interior suggests that
where he published the influential is on display in the winter the Hlutev family led a modest
Liberty and Independence quarters along with some of the and cozy existence. The
newspapers and chaired the publications he put together asymmetrical design
Bulgarian Revolutionary Central with Vasil Levski and consists of low
Committee. The printing press Hristo Botev. During winter quarters
the Russo-Turkish War topped by summer
of 1877–8, he rooms grouped
returned to Bulgaria around a veranda that
before succumbing displays a replica of one
to tuberculosis. Benkovski monument, of the cherry-tree
Petko, his younger unveiled in 1908 cannons used in the
brother, was three April Rising. Adjoining
times prime minister of the rooms contain Benkovski’s
new Bulgarian state. revolutionary district flag,
uniforms, his Winchester rifle
E Benkovski House and faded family photographs.
ul. Georgi Benkovski 5. Tel (07184) 2030. He was born Gavril Hlutev
Open May–Oct: 9:30–5:30pm Tue– and grew up here, studying to
Sun; Nov–Apr: 9am–5pm Tue–Sun. & become a tailor before moving
Its rickety wooden façade and abroad at the age of 22. In
pretty garden give Benkovski Romania he was revolutionized
Pretty exterior and courtyard of Karavelov House the appearance of a by a group of Bulgarian émigrés
House, Koprivshtitsa fairytale cottage and the and returned to Koprivshtitsa in
1875 under the assumed name
of Georgi Benkovski. He formed
The April Rising, 1876 what was to become the
Initially planned for May, the April Uprising of 1876 relied upon the legendary “winged” cavalry
local populace to rise up against the Ottomans when called upon. detachment that rallied support
Itinerant revolutionary agitators had spent several years priming from local villages during the
and arming local groups in preparation for the revolt. Kableshkov, April Uprising. The detachment
chairman of Koprivshtitsa’s revolutionary committee, was forced managed to escape to the
to declare an early start on 20th April when Turkish officials tried Balkan Mountains following
to arrest him. The uprising disastrously failed to the failure of the uprising, but
raise the support it needed from locals too fearful Benkovski was betrayed and
of Turkish retribution; villages that did later killed on 25 May 1876.
participate were brutally punished – the most
The massive granite
notorious case being at Batak (see p130).
Though many died in this apparently fruitless
monument on the hillside
sacrifice, universal international outrage at the above Benkovski House
barbaric Ottoman reprisals lead to Russia’s portrays a cloaked Benkovski
declaration of war on Turkey a year later astride a leaping horse looking
and Bulgaria’s liberation in 1878. The over his shoulder to rouse his
Apriltsi Mausoleum was built in 1928 in rebel army. The words “Stavaite
Koprivshtitsa’s main square to honour robove az neshta yarem” (Rise up
The Apriltsi Mausoleum those who died. slaves, I don’t want a yoke) are
carved boldly across its base.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp225–6 and pp236–8
KOPRIVSHTITSA 179
. Red Room
Like other rooms in the house, the Red
Room has a fretted wooden ceiling.
On the walls are paintings of
mansions and the original
symmetrical plan for Oskelov House.
Men’s Room
This was where Oslekov would
receive his guests and engage
in business. The murals
throughout the building
reveal foreign places he
visited while on business.
First
floor The women’s room
displays a colourful
collection of woollen socks
along with a horizontal
loom and a spinning wheel.
First-Floor Salon
Cloth-covered benches line the
Ground walls of this impressive room. This
floor was a weaving workshop, but was
also used for festivities and family
Main events. It was here that rebel
Ground
entrance uniforms were clandestinely
floor salon
produced for the April Rising.
NORTHERN BULGARIA
With dramatic contrasts, northern Bulgaria
encompasses jagged mountains and pine forests
in the northwest and fertile sunflower-covered
flatlands and low vine-covered hills near the
banks of the Danube. The region also has a rich
cultural heritage, with Stone Age cave paintings,
medieval castles and Muslim holy sites that
illuminate the complex fabric of Bulgarian history.
Much of the region is mountainous, with the city of Ruse grew rich on the profits
the eastern spurs of the Balkan range of river trade. Ruse is the gateway to the
presenting a formidable obstacle to the Rusenski Lom, a twisting canyon where
main transport routes leading north from medieval monks turned caves near
Sofia. The trip through Iskûr Gorge, just Ivanovo into a unique community of rock-
north of the capital, is one of Bulgaria’s cut monasteries.Above the southern end
classic journeys, past a tortured sequence of the Rusenski Lom hovers the cliff-top
of rocky outcrops. The limestone cliffs of citadel of Cherven, one of Bulgaria’s most
Vratsata Gorge are no less dramatic, atmospheric medieval sites.
although little beats the sandstone Further east, Lake Sreburna is a famous
pillars of Belogradchik. Further north, feeding ground for migrating birds,
the prehistoric paintings of Magura including Dalmatian pelicans. Rolling hills
Cave are evidence of one of Europe’s of pasture and fruit trees provide an idyllic
earliest cultures. setting for Sveshtari, a site whose Thracian
North and east of the mountains lie tombs and Muslim shrines still radiate a
flatlands watered by the tributaries of the spiritual aura. The major urban centre of
Danube, a river that has played a major the northeast is Shumen, a former
role in Bulgarian history. The stately fortress town whose modern café-
fortress of Baba Vida at Vidin defended lined boulevards have a delightfully
the state from northern invaders, while relaxing feel.
Belogradchik fortress, first built in Roman times using the natural terrain to maximum advantage
Rock Monastery of Sv. Dimitûr Basarbovski, situated on the banks of the Rusenski Lom in northern Bulgaria
182 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
Negotin
Bregovo
Kula Dunavci
Gramada
Lom
Dimovo Kozloduy
Oryahovo Danu
m
MAGURA Lo
CAVE
Valchedram (Duna be
v)
BELOGRADCHIK Miziya NIKOPOL
ta Gulyantsy
os
Og
O sa
r
u m
Isk
Knezha
Midzhur Boychinovtsy Dolna Slavyanovo
2168 m CHIPROVTSI Pelovo
Metropolija
MONTANA Byala Dolni
Slatina Dabnik
Krivodol
Koynare PLEVEN Pordim
t
BERKOVITSA Cherven
Vi
Bryag
Varshets VRATSA
Lukovit
BAVRA Roman
Todorini L K C H Mezdra
AN A
kukli N
ISKUR GOR G
Dragoman
Botevgrad
Kostinbrod Etropole
E
Key
Motorway
Expressway
Major road
Other road
Railway
International border
Peak
Rock formations, once used as a stronghold, above Belogradchik
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp226 and pp238–9
NORTHERN BULGARIA 183
Sights at a Glance
1 Vidin t Sveshtari
2 Magura Cave y Sreburna Nature Reserve
3 Belogradchik u Silistra
4 Montana i Shumen
5 Berkovitsa o Madara
6 Chiprovtsi p Veliki Preslav
7 Vratsa
0 Pleven Tours
q Nikopol 8 Vrachanski Balkan Tour
w Svishtov 9 Iskûr Gorge Tour
e Ruse pp190–91 r Rusenski Lom Tour
0 miles 25
Bucharest
SILISTRA
SREBURNA
NATURE Constanta
Tutrakan RESERVE
Bucharest
Glavinica
Belene M
Ja Tsar Senovo
Kaloyan Kaolinovo
nt
ra
SVISHTOV
Razgrad
Borovo
Byala
Polski Loznitsa Novi Pazar
Levski Trambesh Popovo
Varna
Letnitsa Veliko
Turnovo Targovishte SHUMEN
MADARA
Antonovo
Omurtag
Veliko VELIKI
Turnovo Ticha Lake PRESLAV Smyadovo
Varbitsa
Getting Around
The principal routes through
the region are the main road and rail
lines running north from Sofia to Vratsa,
Montana and Vidin, and those running
northeast from Sofia to Pleven and
Ruse. From Ruse, onward travel to
either Silistra or Shumen is fairly easy.
Shumen itself is connected to the Black
Sea city of Varna by a fast stretch of
dual carriageway. Some of the most
scenic parts of northern Bulgaria, such
as Iskûr Gorge, the rock formations near
Belogradchik and the Rusenski Lom,
can only be reached on minor
roads, where progress may be slow.
Unfortunately, the river Danube has
little potential as a tourist itinerary:
there is no passenger transport on the
river itself, and the roads along its banks
are in poor condition. Ornately decorated cupola of Tombul Mosque in Shumen
The natural fortress above Belogradchik, transformed into a citadel by Romans, Bulgarians and Ottomans
Chiprovtsi Carpets
Chiprovtsi is one of the few Bulgarian
villages where carpet weaving is still
widely practised, and where skills are
passed down from mother to daughter.
Woven on vertical looms, the carpets
feature brightly coloured patterns that
feature a centuries-old repertoire of
stylized motifs. Many of these originated
as fertility symbols. They include bird
motifs known as piletata (chickens),
abstract zig-zags known as lozite (vines),
and the mysterious cluster of black
Brightly coloured traditional triangles known as karakachka (black-
Chiprovtsi carpets eyed bride). Traditional costumes at the Ethnographic
Museum, Vratsa
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp226 and pp238–9
NORTHERN BULGARIA 187
2 Vratsata Gorge
Cutting a great swathe through the
landscape, Vratsata Gorge is formed by
sheer cliffs that rise almost vertically from
the valley floor. The terrain above consists
of pasture and majestic outcrops of rock.
Nefela 1 Vratsa
Vidin Nestling in the foothills of the
Varte
Miziya
Vrachanski Balkan, Vratsa
shn
3 Ledenika Cave
Formed by seeping
rainwater over a period Vola Pavolche
of 2 million years, the 1058 m
cave contains a sequence Moravitsa Sofia
of subterranean halls, Parshevitsa
with spectacular stalactites Chelopek
and stalagmites. The cave is
also inhabited by a large
colony of bats.
6 Okolchitsa
4 Zgorigrad This historic peak, where the
Largely agricultural and with horses poet and revolutionary Hristo
and carts still serving as a popular Botev was killed, has a cross at
mode of transport, Zgorigrad is a the top and panoramic views
pleasant example of a northwest overlooking the valley.
Bulgarian village.
1 Cart Rails
These outcrops of
limestone, near the
north end of the gorge,
run dramatically down
the hillside in parallel
lines, hence their name.
4 Lakatnik Rocks
One of the gorge’s most dramatic features is Montana Vratsa
this outcrop of rock, whose sheer cliffs rise
above the village of Gara Lakatnik.
Zgorigrad Bodents
Druzhevo Mezdra
Natural Park Chelopek
Milanovo Vrachanski
5 Proboinitsa River Balkan
and Mountain Chalet
Elseyna
Visitors can stay in this Lyutibrod
mountain chalet, on the Lakatnik Zverino
bank of the Proboinitsa Zimevitsa
Lyutidol
River. It can be reached
along a marked track. Bov
Tserovo Koznitsa Botevgrad
Iskrets 1636m
Iskur
Rashkovo
Go
Svidnya
lem
0 kilometres
Sofia Lokorsko
10
0 miles 10
Sofia
2 Cherepish Monastery
The church at Cherepish Monastery, set
on the riverbank and surrounded by
cliffs, contains some exuberant frescoes,
Key many dating from the 17th century.
Tour route
Main road
Other road 3 Sedemte Prestola Monastery
Trail
This tiny icon-filled church “of the
Seven Altars” is the perfect place for
Railway woodland rambles with marked trails
Peak starting just outside the gates.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp226 and pp238–9
NORTHERN BULGARIA 189
E Kaliopa House
ul. Tsar Ferdinand 36. Tel (082) 825
002. Open 9am–noon, 1–5:30pm
Tue–Sat. &
A little way northeast of the
Zahari Stoyanov Museum is
Iconostasis with Muscovite icons, in the Church of Sveta Troitsa the 19th-century villa once
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp226 and pp238–9
RUSE 191
Transport
Ruse City Centre Museum
Obretenov
1 Church of Sveta Troitsa House TS
AR
2 Ploshtad Svoboda Zahari Kaliopa FE
RD
Stoyanov House IN
e AN
3 Regional History Museum ub Museum AV E LO
V D
an KAR
A. K
N
4 Sexaginta Prista D UBE ROV
N . PAL AO U Z O V
TSUR KOV NA
I LY ND
SK R A LE X A
ON
V
T
N
S TA N
E
BABA
D
U DAN
RI RAZH
KIRIL
VE
VNO
T IN O
LI O
P
DUH
V
KO V A
H KO SK
BOSSILKO
7 Transport Museum VE LI C
RD
OV
NEZAVISSI MOS T
K.
DR
S TA R
VA
TONKA
T U RN OV O
8 Pantheon of National AN
LE
S
EK
BU
TSEV
AL
Revival Heroes PL
TSAR
SV. NIKOLA K N YA Z
OP
HESKA
E LO V
DANOV
R AV
ISK
PL P. K A
SKI
G. S. RAKO
OSVO
SVOBODA
AV
EP
UN
SL
PIROT
A
PETKO
ID
VY
Remains
HRISTO
B ODITEL
PETKO
PR
of Sexaginta V
N
SK
RD
Prista Ploshtad
VSKI
A
T S A R I B R OD KA Svoboda
VA
N VS
YAN
O DRI Ekspozitsiyata
RO
A
LE
Drama
N
Toma Kurdzhiev D
T S A R KALO
BU
G
DOU
N Theatre PL
EL
K SA SVETA
KU
LE TROITSA
N AV
A Pantheon
N
B O R I S O VA
K.
H
IR Opera
EV
PL Regional EC S IM
PENCHO
DOUNAV HE EON
History D. K VELI
ETUR NE KI Church of
Museum M
PL IR S V. G Sveta Troitsa
O PL OR
V
19 F
ALEKSANDUR AZH
DR MUSTAKOV D
BATENBERG HA
0 metres
EV
200 VA Z O V N
S L AV E I K O
I VA N Catholic KRO
CHERVEN
ROU
UM
KA
Bishop’s Palace
EV
200
VS
0 yards
CH
ARI
RI
AE
D IM
LA
Train Station
V
OL
SKOBE
NIK
Ruse
nsk
1 Rock Monastery
iL
m
o
Rusenski Lom
Koshov C Nisovo 3 Ivanovo
he
rn
i Up on a plateau,
the village of
M al ki Lo
Lo
m
Ivanovo preserves
an agricultural way
m
of life. A handful of
B&Bs and family
Tabachka
hotels cater for tourists
drawn by the beauty of
Popovo the valley below.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp226 and pp238–9 For map symbols see back flap
NORTHERN BULGARIA 193
Mound of Ginina Mogila, most important of the Thracian tombs outside the village of Sveshtari
t Sveshtari of a cliff. The spring seems to from the 3rd century BC. It
have been sacred to local is thought to be the capital
Свещари
people since Neolithic times. of the Getae, who were a strong
95 km (59 miles) SE of Ruse. Map E2. Beside the spring is Demir Thracian tribe c. 5th century BC.
@ from Isperih. Baba Tekke, the shrine of a The Greek historian Thucydides
The large number of Thracian 16th-century Muslim holy man. mentions the Getae in
burial mounds around the Set beneath cliffs, it consists of a connection with their prowess
village of Sveshtari suggests domed chamber in horsemanship.
that the area was a major civic containing a stone This provides an
and religious centre before the sarcophagus about interesting link with
Roman conquest. The largest 4 m (13 ft) long. the horses in Ginina
cluster of burial mounds (mogili) Demir Baba, a Mogila, which were
are located just west of the semi-legendary almost certainly
village, in an area that is now figure, is still highly slaughtered to
the Sboryanovo History and revered by the provide the dead
Archaeology Reserve. Visits mixed Muslim- Entrance to Ginina Mogila, in the with mounts in the
to the mounds are arranged Christian side of the mound afterlife. Both the
through the Sveshtari Mogili community around accounts of Greek
Information Centre at the Sveshtari. As a place of historians and the artifacts
entrance to the reserve. pilgrimage, the tekke is discovered in the tombs around
There are 26 burial mounds in particularly popular among the Sveshtari have thrown light on
all. Ginina Mogila, a tomb of the Aliani, a local community of the Getae’s religious beliefs
3rd-century BC excavated in Muslims whose forebears came and rituals.
1982 and now a UNESCO World from Iran and Azerbaijan. Aliani
Heritage Site is the most famous, regularly come to pray at Demir E Sveshtari Mogili
and most important in archaeo- Baba’s shrine or to tie coloured Information Centre
logical terms. Beyond the ornately cloths to its window-frames to 1 km (¾ mile) W of Sveshtari.
carved portal at its entrance, a bring them good luck. Open Mar–Nov: 9am–noon, 1–5pm
tunnel-like passageway leads to A short distance beyond Wed–Sun. & 8
the burial chamber of a Thracian the Pette Pûrsta locality are the E Demir Baba Tekke
noble and his wife. Ten caryatid- remains of a fortified city dating 3 km (2 miles) W of Sveshtari.
like female figures, which may
represent an archetypal mother
goddess, line the walls. A mural
just below the barrel-vaulted
ceiling depicts the deceased
on horseback, being presented
with a wreath and other gifts by
a goddess and her servants. On
either side of this main chamber
are two smaller chambers in
which the skeletons of ritually
slaughtered horses were found.
Two of the other tombs nearby
are as impressive in their construc-
tion, but not as richly decorated.
Just beyond the tombs,
a path descends for 2 km
(1¼ miles) towards Pette Pûrsta,
a natural spring at the bottom Burial chamber inside Ginina Mogila, with stone couch and female figures
Rock Monastery of Sv. Dimitûr of Basarbovo, Rusenki Lom
196 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
E History Museum
bul. Slavyanski 17. Tel (054) 063 429.
Open summer: 9am–6pm daily;
winter: 9am–5pm Mon–Fri, by prior
arrangement on Sat & Sun. &
U Tombul Mosque
ul. G.S. Rakovski 21. Tel (054) 802 875.
Open 9am–6pm daily. & The courtyard, with central fountain, at Tombul Mosque, in Shumen
E Monument to the Creators
accompanied by a hunting dog,
of the Bulgarian State
striking a lion with his spear.
p Veliki Preslav
Ilchov bair. Tel (054) 872 107. Велики Преслав
Inscriptions in Greek beside
Open May–Sep: 8am–8pm daily; 20 km (12 miles) SW of Shumen.
Oct–Nov: 8:30am–5pm daily. &
and below the relief refer to the
military campaigns of three Map E2. * 8,950. @ from Shumen.
+ Shumen Fortress Bulgar Khans – Tervel, Krumesis Lying immediately south of the
Tel (054) 875 487. and Omurtag. Both a statement modern town of Preslav, the
Open 9am–5pm daily. & of dynastic power and a old city of Veliki Preslav (Great
tribute to the gods of hunting Preslav) was the capital of
and horsemanship, it is a Bulgaria from 893 to 969. It
o Madara powerful and charismatic emerged as Bulgaria’s spiritual
Мадара piece of sculpture. centre soon after the country’s
To its right, a path leads to conversion to Christianity in
12 km (7 miles) E of Shumen. Map F2.
the Cave of the Nymphs, an 865. Tsar Boris I retired to a
* 1,300. £ from Shumen & Varna.
atmospheric limestone cavern monastery here in 889, and his
With sheer cliffs towering above with moss and trickling water, son Simeon probably trained
it, the village of Madara is one of used as a shrine by Thracians in as a monk here. Veliki Preslav’s
the most compelling historical the 4th century BC. To the left days as state capital ended
locations in Bulgaria. Central to of the horseman, a steep rock- when Prince Svyatoslav of Kiev
the site’s mystique is the Madara cut stairway leads to the top of sacked it in 969.
Horseman, an 8th- or 9th- the cliff and out onto a plateau, The ruins of Veliki Preslav
century relief carved into the where the scant ruins of an include two rings of
rockface above the village. It 8th-century Bulgar fortress fortifications built with huge
depicts a king on horseback, can be explored. blocks of stone. Inside are
traces of civic buildings, a
palace complex and a rotunda
known as the Golden Church
because of the gold-plated
dome that once crowned it.
An Archaeological Museum
at the northern end of the
site has a rich collection of
medieval pottery and coins,
and some delicate gold
jewellery from the grave of
a medieval noblewoman.
E Archaeological Museum
Veliki Preslav. Tel (0538) 42630.
The Madara Horseman, an ancient relief carved in rock above Madara Open 9am–5pm daily. & 8
BULGARIA AREA BY AREA 199
Sunny Beach, Golden Sands and Albena a thriving hub of trade. Originally
are the Black Sea coast’s three major populated by sophisticated Thracians,
resorts. It is to these that the vast majority it was later colonized by Greek traders
of summer visitors come. The coast’s until the Romans took control of much of
smaller resorts, such as Sveti Sveti the coast in the 1st century BC. The coast
Konstantin and Elena, and Rusalka, cater was conquered by both the First and
for those in search of quieter, smaller- Second Bulgarian Kingdoms, and it is to
scale, family-oriented facilities. the latter period that Nesebûr’s small
Traditional fishing and farming towns 13th- to 14th-century churches belong.
along the coast have begun to exploit After the cultural stagnation of centuries
the possibilities offered by their own of Ottoman rule, the National Revival
glorious stretches of sand. Here, hotels of the mid-19th century inspired the
and apartment blocks have sprung up construction of the picturesque
with startling alacrity, and tourism now half-timbered houses in Sozopol
accounts for much of the region’s and Nesebûr.
revenue. Although many of these Today, the region is still in a period of
hotels are brash, large-scale commercial transition. Construction continues apace
concerns, there are also smaller, family- and, with massive investment in tourist
run establishments. These usually offer a facilities and infrastructure, the Black Sea
friendlier alternative to the large resorts. coast seems set to maintain its popularity
In ancient times, the Black Sea coast was in the future.
The beach at Golden Sands, one of the largest and most popular resorts on the Black Sea coast
Picturesque rocky headlands found in parts of the northern Black Sea coast
200 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
Provadia
Dalgopol
Tsonevo
Veselinovo Lake
Bilka
Planina
cka ka
ar
bi
Lyulyakovo Kamchiys
V Kamchiya Lake
Eminsk
Beronovo a Pla
Iliica Prosenik
684 m
Lozarevo
Sungurlare
Aytos
Sliven Kableshkovo
Karnobat
Venets Vetren
Kameno
Asparuhovo
BURGAS
Steep cliffs on the headland at Cape Emona, between
Rusokastro Burgas
Obzor and Sunny Beach Lake
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp227 and pp240–41
BLACK SEA COAST 201
Loznica
Constanta
Krushari a
z h Constanta
r ud Durankulashko
b General Lake
Do Toshevo
Spasovo
SEA
N O T O AS T A C K
C
H E RN B L
DOBRICH Shabla
Senokos
Vranino
TOU
R
BALCHIK KAVARNA
Beach at Golden Sands, one of Bulgaria’s
ALBENA KALIAKRA
most popular resorts
GOLDEN SANDS
STONE Aksakovo Getting Around
FOREST SVETI SVETI KONSTANTIN AND ELENA
VARNA Whether you reach the Black Sea
coast by plane, train, bus or car,
Beloslav
Galata Cape your starting point will be Burgas
or Varna. Burgas is the gateway to
Sindel Sunny Beach, Nesebûr, Sozopol
and the Strandzha region, while
Kam KAMCHIYA 0 kilometres 25
c h i ya from Varna a road leads north to
NATURE RESERVE
Dolni Staro Oryahovo 0 miles 25 Golden Sands, Albena, Balchik
Chiflik and beyond. The region has an
extensive bus network, with
Planin
a Byala Key frequent services between and
around Burgas and Varna. Further
Motorway
OBZOR north and south, however, bus
n i n Banya Expressway services are progressively sparser
a
Main road and less frequent. In summer,
Other road these outlying regions are served
SUNNY Emine Cape
BEACH Railway by minibuses, although they run
NESEBUR according to demand rather
Aheloy International border
than to a set timetable. Taxis are
Peak ubiquitous, and all large towns
POMORIE and resorts have car hire agencies.
B l a c k
S e a
SOZOPOL
ROPOTAMO RIVER
Malsen Nos Cape
PRIMORSKO
LOZENETS
TSAREVO
AHTOPOL
ZHA
AND RK SINEMORETS
S T R R E PA
U
N AT T O U R Rezovsk Rezovo
a R.
BU
E Archaeological Museum collection is a large array of V VA
LE
LE
Varna Airport KO RD
bul. Maria Luisa 41. Tel (052) 681 011. marble tombstones carved 8 km (5 miles)
ER
AL
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Open summer: 10am–5pm Tue–Sun; with scenes of funeral banquets. SOFIA GE
I Archaeological
RN
winter: 10am–5pm Tue–Sat. & 8 The museum’s upper floor is BO Museum
BU
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devoted to the medieval period. D
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Over 100,000 ancient artifacts Here visitors can see a fine BU
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discovered in and around Varna display of pottery, weaponry, UIZ
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fill this fascinating museum. It was jewellery and religious art, DM
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founded in 1888 by the Czech including some superb LEV
Cathedral of BU
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SHIPKA
the Assumption IN
archaeologist Karel Skorpil, altarpieces with silver motifs, BD
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who settled in Varna after and a collection of radiant
DRAG
MITROPOLIT CH EVI CH
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the Liberation and icons of the 16th SH
OMA
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Clock
EN
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of Bulgaria’s ancient past. Tower
V
Market R O PL
VO
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The collection fills 40 R Cathedral of the E SIMOST
I
Stoyan Bachvarov K N YA Z B O R I S
rooms on two floors. The Assumption Drama Theatre & PR
Varna Opera-House
PRAGA
K A P. P E T K O V O I V O D A
8:30am daily, also 6pm Sat. =
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examples of gold jewellery ever died in the fight for liberation A
found. No fewer than 850 pieces, from Ottoman rule. Its Train Station
200 m (220 yards)
including gold animal figures, construction was funded by BULEVARD
were found in a single grave. Varna’s citizens, and it was
Visitors can also see the replica of
a grave in which the body of a
powerful leader or a priest was
covered with gold items such as
a penis sheath, and surrounded
with copper and flint tools.
Another important exhibit is
the gold jewellery of a Thracian
noblewoman. Dating from the
Hellenistic period (4th–1st
century BC), it consists of a
bull’s-head pendant and two
beautifully detailed earrings
that are miniature statuettes of
Nike, goddess of victory. Among
the many Roman artifacts in the Iconostasis, made by Macedonian craftsmen, Cathedral of the Assumption
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp227 and pp240–41
VARNA 203
Palace
O who venerated and prayed to
LE
I M I
VA
A S
PR SK
Z BORI her. The elaborate iconostasis
RD
I EN K N YA
SL SM LC
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V was carved by craftsmen from
TS
IV O PA O
N L. EL
A
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BU Debur in Macedonia, who
R
SA RA
City Art KA
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Gallery
U
BE
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O
LY
BO
BO
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LE
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27
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Church of I BA A SL
SA
BA K
Sveti Nikola R I S RA
DA N Festival and
BO E FA
Congress Hall
Z ST
YA S.
VODEN
N
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ST
AM
PL
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BO
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M. KO LONI On the top
VA
JOSSIF
LO
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floor of the
LE
Armenian O LO
NI
BU
Church Entrance to
Municipal Beach
museum is the
A S PA R U H
OD
HAN re-creation of a
M
T
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KRU
LI
M Gagauz farmer’s house. Part of the Roman Thermae, a baths
IK
HAN
SV
ET The Gagauz are a Turkish- complex of the 2nd–4th centuries AD
Aquarium
Church of the speaking Christian people
Assumption
Navy who settled on the Black Sea T Roman Thermae
a
Museum
Se
Church of coast in the 12th century. ul. Han Krum. Open summer:
k
Sveti Atanas
There are still Gagauz villages 10am–5pm Tue–Sun; winter:
ac
Roman EV
TI
Bl
Thermae
I GN
A
around Varna today, but few 10am–5pm Tue–Sat. &
AF
PL
IS GR Museum of Gagauz still speak their original A monument to the ingenuity of
KA Medical History
language. Also on this floor is a Roman architects, this huge public
City History
Museum
re-created interior of the house baths complex covers over 7,000
Roman of a wealthy early 20th-century sq m (75,000 sq ft). It was built in
Baths
PRIMORSKI family, furnished in a combination the 2nd century AD for what was
of Oriental and European styles. then the Roman city of Odessos.
Although in ruins, enough of
Sights at a Glance R Church of the Assumption the complex survives to give an
1 Archaeological Museum
ul. Han Krum 19. Tel (052) 633 925. idea of Roman bathing habits.
Open 7:30am–6pm daily. Having disrobed in the apodyteria
2 Cathedral of the Assumption
5 10am Sun. (dressing rooms), visitors would
3 Ethnographic Museum
This tiny church is known to pass through to the frigidarium
4 Church of the Assumption
local people as the Little Virgin (cold pool), tepidarium (warm
5 Roman Thermae
(Malka Bogoroditsa). It was built pool), and caldarium (hot pool),
6 Church of Sveti Atanas
in 1602, and is set below ground then repeat the process. Warm air
7 City History Museum level, in accordance with the circulated in cavities between the
8 Museum of Medical History requirement that churches walls and under the floors, and
9 Navy Museum should be no higher than a man doorways were staggered so as
0 Armenian Church on horseback, lest they outshine to prevent cold draughts. The
q City Art Gallery mosques. The church’s attractive cost of the baths’ upkeep is
w Sea Gardens wooden bell tower was added thought to have caused their
e Evksinograd Palace after the Liberation. decline in the 3rd–4th centuries.
For map symbols see back flap
204 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
R Church of Sveti Atanasii E Museum of Medical History helicopters, artillery cannon and
ul. Graf Ignatiev 19. Tel (052) 639 716. ul. Paraskeva Nikolau 7. Tel (052) 639 boats, and a working submarine
Open summer: 7:30am–6pm daily; 729. Open 10am–4pm Mon–Fri. & periscope, through which visitors
winter 8am–5pm daily. 5 9am Sun. The somewhat gruesome can admire views of Varna Bay.
Peaceful gardens next to the collection of the Museum of
Roman Thermae (see p203) Medical History occupies a
are the setting of this National building that was once Varna’s
Revival church. The focal point first hospital, opened in 1869.
of the interior is a dramatic An array of 10th-century skulls
iconostasis that is completely and skeletons demonstrate
covered with intricately carved mysterious practices such as
figures and motifs. It was made deliberate deformation of the
in the 19th century by master skull by binding it, and
woodcarvers from Tryavna, who trepanation (the practice
also made the richly decorated of drilling holes in the skull).
bishop’s throne and pulpit. Upstairs is an exhibition of folk
Originally built in the late medicine, the only kind of
17th century, the church was medical treatment that was
destroyed by fire in 1836 and available under Ottoman rule.
was rebuilt in 1838. Surgical instruments are displayed
alongside antique examination Nave and main altar at the Armenian
E City History Museum chairs and the re-creation of a Church, Varna
ul. 8 Noemvri 3. Tel (052) 632 677. 19th-century pharmacy.
Open Nov–Apr: 10am–5pm R Armenian Church
Tue–Sat. & E Navy Museum ul. Han Asparuh 15. Tel (052) 619 382.
This building, constructed in bul. Primorski 20. Tel (052) 632 018. Open 8am–6pm daily.
1851 as the Belgian Consulate, is Open summer: 10am–6pm Wed–Sun; 5 10:30am Sun.
one of Varna’s oldest surviving winter: 9am–5:30pm Tue–Sat. & Built in 1842, this light, airy
houses. The museum that it now The prize exhibit here is the church was renovated in 2003.
accommodates traces the history Druzhki (Intrepid), a torpedo boat Like most Armenian churches,
of Varna from the late 18th displayed outside the museum. the interior is quite plain, with
century, when it was a In 1912, during the First Balkan no iconostasis, murals or icons.
neglected coastal town, War, the Druzhki secured the However, the walls are hung with
to the mid-20th, when Bulgarian navy’s naïve paintings of St Sargis, to
it had become a only victory in whom the church is dedicated,
major port the conflict and scenes from the life of Christ.
and popular when it sank Recordings of Armenian chanting,
seaside resort. a large Turkish which play throughout the day,
Some of the most cruise ship, create a magical atmosphere.
interesting exhibits the Hamidie. A monument commemorates
here are the tools Inside the Ottoman atrocities against the
and implements museum are Armenians in 1894 when an
used by Varna’s Printing press at the City exhibits estimated 300,000 were killed.
craftsmen and History Museum, Varna relating to Known as the “Great Massacres”,
tradesmen of the navigation on they were overshadowed by the
past. Photographs provide other the Black Sea in ancient times, 1915 genocide which claimed
historical documentation. starting in the 6th century BC. over 1.5 million lives.
Upstairs are the uniforms and There are also models of mines
military paraphernalia of Varna’s and battleships, and photo- E City Art Gallery
citizens who fought in the graphs of great naval figures. ul. Lyuben Karavelov 1. Tel (052) 612
Serbo-Bulgarian War, Balkan The yard behind the museum 363. Open 10am–5pm Tue–Sun. &
Wars, and both world wars. is filled with an assortment of This collection concentrates on
the development of Bulgarian
painting since the early 20th
century. Several works by
Vladimir Dimitrov (1882–1960)
are on display, and there are also
portraits by the 17th-century
Flemish painter Anselmus von
Hulme. The gallery also hosts
temporary exhibitions of Bulgarian
and international art. The main
hall is often used as a venue for
The torpedo boat Druzhki at the entrance of the Navy Museum in Varna concerts and poetry readings.
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp227 and pp240–41
BLACK SEA COAST 205
2 Dobrich
Добрич
93 km (60 miles) SE of Silistra, 55 km (34
miles) NW of Varna. Map F2. * 90,375.
@ from Varna or Sofia. ∑ dobrich.bg
2 Cape Shabla
Lighthouse
This red and white
Staevtsi Durankulak lighthouse marks
Lake
the headland,
where there is a
1 Durankulak small settlement,
Located on the Via Pontica, east of the village
Vaklino
the nature reserve at of Shabla some 5 km
Durankulak Lake attracts Krapets (3 miles) inland.
thousands of migratory birds.
Species include the white Bozhanovo
pelican, bittern and pygmy
cormorant, and most of the Ezerets Ezeretzko
world’s red-breasted geese. Lake
Shablensko
Lake
Shabla
Gorun 3 Tyulenovo
The village’s tiny harbour
Poruchik shelters clusters of colourful
Chunchevo
fishing boats. Rusting oil
Kavarna tanks dotted all over the
4 Kamen Briag
surrounding grassy clifftops
The village of Kamen Briag Sveti pump out hot sulphuric
is set on limestone cliffs Nikola mineral water.
riddled with caves. An
Eternal Flame, fed by natural Kavarna 5 Yailata
gas rising from deep below, Cave dwellings, a
burns near memorials to cliffside necropolis
people who have fallen and a ruined medieval
from the cliffs. fortress are preserved in the
archaeological park here. The
park is also home to many
plants, birds and snakes.
Key
Tour route 6 Rusalka
Main road
The Holiday Village here is a
tranquil and isolated resort. It’s 0 kilometres 5
Other road much quieter than those further 0 miles 5
Trail south and caters for all ages.
4 Kaliakra Since the Middle Ages the town was known as Dionisopolis, in
Калиакра has been known as Kavarna. honour of the god of wine. Like
Liberated from Ottoman rule in Kavarna, it was part of Romania
56 km (35 miles) from Dobrich.
Map G2. @ Open 10am–7pm daily.
1878, the town became part of between 1913 and 1940.
&0-= Romania in 1913. It was Balchik’s small National
returned to Bulgaria in 1940. Revival Complex is set
Meaning “fine nose” in Greek, Kavarna’s Ethnographic in pretty gardens next to
Kaliakra is a rocky promontory Museum, in a National the Church of Sveti Nikolai
that extends 2 km (over 1 mile) Revival house, features (1866). Its centrepiece
into the sea. Locals attribute the displays on the daily life of is a re-creation of the
reddish colour of its limestone its 19th- century town’s first Bulgarian
cliffs to the blood of the many inhabitants. The Art school, established
people who died in battles for Gallery has a in 1848. The small
control of this strategic point. collection of local collection at the History
The ruins of a grand fortress of seascapes and Museum documents
the 4th century BC remain; it organizes exhibitions of the Balchik’s past. Just
was successively held by work of Bulgarian and opposite is a large
Greeks, Romans, Bulgarians international artists. half-timbered old
and Ottomans. According to Artifacts related to sea house. This is the
legend, 40 maidens tied their trade in ancient times fill Ethnographic Museum,
hair together and jumped into the Marine Museum, in with costumes and exhibits
the sea to escape a worse fate a 15th- century relating to local trades.
at the hands of invading hammam off the road Statuette, Marine The Art Gallery has
Ottoman soldiers. to the seafront. Exhibits Museum, Kavarna a collection of 20th-
here include stone century paintings and
anchors, amphorae, coins and sculptures related to Balchik.
bronze figures. Immediately They include vivid modernist
behind is the History Museum, depictions of the town by Svetlin
which documents Kavarna’s Rusev (b. 1933).
more recent past.
Just outside the town is the Environs
seafront district of Chirakman, About 2 km (over 1 mile)
a resort zone with restaurants, outside Balchik is the delightful
hotels and a small beach. seafront Palace of Queen
Marie. It was built in 1924 by
E Ethnographic Museum King Ferdinand of Romania as a
ul. Sava Ganchev 16. Tel (0570) 85017. retreat for his British-born wife
Open 8am–noon, 1–5pm Mon–Fri. Marie, one of Queen Victoria’s
&= grand-daughters. The palace
E Art Gallery gardens contain Europe’s
Ruins of the fortress at Kaliakra, subject of ul. Aheloi 1. Tel (0570) 84236. second-largest collection of cacti.
many legends Open See Ethnographic Museum. &
E National Revival Complex
E History Museum ul. Hristo Botev 4. Tel (0579) 72177.
5 Kavarna ul. Chernomorska 1b. Tel (0570) Open summer: 9am–5pm Mon–Sat,
Каварна 82150. Open See Ethnographic by request on Sun; winter:
Museum. & 7:30am–4pm Mon–Fri. &
61 km (38 miles) north of Varna.
Map G2. * 11,600. @ ( daily. E Marine Museum E Ethnographic Museum
n ul. Dobrotitsa 27 (0570-81818). ul. Chernomorska 1. Tel (0570) 84288. ul. Dimitûr Zhelev 3. Tel (0579)
∑ kavarna.bg Open See Ethnographic Museum. & 72177. Open See National Revival
Complex. &
Although its main street is E History Museum
dominated by dour Socialist- 6 Balchik ul. Dimitûr Zhelev 2. Tel (0579)
era architecture, Kavarna is a Балчик 72177. Open See National Revival
pleasant town, with lively cafés Complex. &
43 km (27 miles) north of Varna.
and bars. Its origins go back to Map G2. * 12,500. n ul. Primorska E Art Gallery
the 6th century BC, when a 25a (0579-76951). @
settlement known as Bizone was ul. Otets Paisii 4. Tel (0879) 998 916.
Open 9am–noon, 1–5pm Mon–Fri. &
founded by Greek colonists. Because it has only a small beach,
Bizone thrived until it was Balchik does not attract crowds + Palace of Queen Marie
flattened by an earthquake in the of visitors, so it remains pleasantly 2 km (over 1 mile) west of Balchik.
1st century BC. Later rebuilt, it quiet throughout the summer. In Tel (0579) 74552. Open summer:
was ruled successively by Greek times, when it was a busy 8am–8pm daily; winter: 8:30am–5pm
Romans, Slavs and Ottomans. port and wine producer, Balchik daily. & - = ∑ dvoreca.com
For hotels and restaurants in this region see pp227 and pp240–41
208 BULGARIA AREA BY AREA
Environs
About 7 km (4 miles) inland
from Golden Sands is Aladzha
Monastery. The hermits
who settled here in the 6th
century cut dozens of cells
and chambers into the
limestone cliff, and evidence
of Stone Age dwellers has also
been discovered here. The caves
are now linked by sturdy metal
steps, but the monks reached
them by scrambling up and
down perilous ledges using the
footholds that are still visible in
Sun and relaxation on Albena’s long sandy beach the cliff face.
w Obzor
Обзор
62 km (39 miles) S of Varna.
Map F3. * 1,970. @ =
∑ grad-obzor.com
UH
5 Ethnographic Museum
R
a
AN
H A N A S PA
Se
TUN
Church of
6 Old Metropolitan Church
VI
ONA
A
ck N Sveti Todor
A
EM
NEP
E M O NA
SL
ZH
IB R Church of Sveta
B
Bogoroditsa
KR
US
I VA N A S E N I I
Church
HEMUS
Church of Old
of Sveti Spas Metropolitan
St John K A
OLS
I
Church
A H E LO
the Baptist P
RO
Windmill MIT
B R I YA Ethnographic
BURGAS Church of MESEM
Ramparts Museum
Sunny Beach MES Christ Pantokrator
EMB
2 km (1 mile) Bus R I YA
Stop
A
Archaeological
RSK
Church of St John
Aliturgetos
Hydrofoil Ramparts
Station
0 metres 200
0 yards 200
t Pomorie
Поморие
20 km (12 miles) N of Burgas. Map F3.
* 13,650. @ ( daily.
o Primorsko s Ahtopol
Приморско Ахтопол
55 km (34 miles) S of Burgas. Map F4. 85 km (53 miles) S of Burgas. Map G4.
* 3,700. @ ( daily. * 1,200. @ ( daily.
2 Silkossia Reserve
Bulgaria’s oldest
reserve, this is one of
the few places in
the country where the
delightful Strandzha
rhododendron
flourishes. Its pinkish-
1 Bûlgari mauve violet flowers
This tiny hilltop village is renowned for its blossom in May.
annual fire-dancing ceremony, which takes Tsarevo
place on 3 and 4 June, the feast day of
St Konstantin and St Elena.
Burgas Zabernovo
Vel
eka Kondolovo
N i va
tr ova
Pe
Gramatikovo Kosti
Hasek i yata
Stoilovo re
de
a
Av
lek
Ve
Dense
Bratanova
beech and
Cave oak forests
dominate the park.
Strandzha’s border zone
Kirklareli Gradishte location has protected its
710m
nature from destructive
human activity.
3 Malko Tûrnovo
Interesting archaeological finds
from the region, as well as items
from the more recent past, fill 0 kilometres 5
the village’s History Museum, in
a National Revival building. 0 miles 5
WHERE TO STAY
From luxurious hotels in the major towns accommodation ranging from convenient
and cities to family-run B&Bs in rural areas, self-catering apartments to luxurious spa
Bulgaria offers an ever-increasing choice hotels. In rural areas, basic but comfortable
of accommodation. In recent years there accommodation, with traditional hospitality,
has been a boom in the construction of is offered in private homes, and by the
new hotels, especially in the four-star country’s growing number of bed-and-
category and above. Sofia, Plovdiv, seaside breakfast establishments, very often
towns and skiing resorts now offer situated in historic houses.
Hotels
There is a profusion of hotels
in Sofia, on the Black Sea coast
and in mountain skiing areas.
In contrast, in parts of northern
and central Bulgaria, where
the tourist industry is not as
well developed, the choice
of accommodation is much
more limited.
Bulgarian hotels are graded
according to the international
five-star system. Even so, the
number of stars allocated to
particular a establishment can Room in the five-star Grand Hotel, in central Sofia (see p222)
sometimes seem a little too
generous. As a general rule, In Sofia, in ski resorts and in pools filled either with warm
a four-star hotel in Bulgaria is coastal towns and cities, most water from mineral springs or
roughly equal to a three-star hotels in the four-star category with sea water, depending on
hotel elsewhere. and above have a gym and their location. The hotels also
Rooms in most recently a sauna and in many cases a have wellness centres with
built hotels with a three-star swimming pool as well. Chic saunas and steam baths, and
rating or above have bath- design hotels and boutique offer many beauty treatments.
rooms with baths or shower hotels are increasingly becoming
cubicles. In some slightly evident in Bulgaria’s main cities.
older hotels, however, rooms Nearly all Bulgarian hotels Apartments
still have old-style Bulgarian have satellite or cable television Self-catering apartments are an
bathrooms with an open, broadcasting programmes in increasingly common feature
un-curtained shower and the major European languages, on the Black Sea coast and in
a drain in the middle of although they may put an inland skiing resorts. Many
the floor. extra charge for access to form part of apartment hotels.
premium film channels. These generally offer two-
bedroom, family-size apartments
or studios, but also provide the
Spa Resorts usual hotel facilities, such as a
Many areas of Bulgaria are reception desk, chambermaids
renowned for their natural and, in many cases, a breakfast
mineral springs. Health tourism room. Many apartment owners
has long been popular here, advertise their accommodation
and the growing popularity of on internet booking sites
spa and wellness travel has led such as booking.com and
to increasing provision of well- hostelworld.com. Booking
equipped four- and five-star is relatively problem-free
spa hotels. provided you read descriptions
Bulgaria’s main spa centres are and user-reviews carefully
Sandanski and Kyustendil, south before committing yourself.
of Sofia, Velingrad and Devin, in
the Rhodope Mountains, and
Albena and Sveti Sveti Konstantin Private Accommodation
Aquapark as seen from a hotel balcony and Elena, on the Black Sea coast. In mountain and seaside areas,
at Sunny Beach, on the Black Sea All have hotels with swimming many Bulgarian families rent
Beach umbrellas lining the ever-popular Golden Sands (Zlatni Pyasâtsi) resort, Black Sea coast
W H E R E TO S TAY 221
DIRECTORY
Hotel Booking Websites
Booking
∑ booking.com
Eurobookings
∑ eurobookings.com
Expedia
∑ expedia.com
Hostelworld
∑ hostelworld.com
Modern hotel in a traditional-style house, with a large swimming pool
222 TRAVELLERS’ NEEDS
Where to Stay
Close to major attractions. Offers Price Guide
Sofia choice of double rooms and self- Prices are based on a one night’s stay in
high season for a standard double room,
catering apartments.
including tax, service charges and
Art Hostel €
breakfast unless otherwise stated.
Hostel City Map 3 B3 Ogosta House €€
€ up to €35
ul. Angel Kanchev 21a Boutique
€€ €35 to 70
Tel (02) 987 0545 ul. Ogosta 5 €€€ over €70
∑ art-hostel.com Tel (02) 946 1042
Full of art with a charming garden ∑ ogostahouse.com
and communal kitchen. There’s Three cosy apartments with Four-star hotel, a short walk from
even a bar-gallery for exhibitions. stylish interiors, amid a host of Sofia's main shopping boulevard.
shops and cafés.
Canape Connection Hostel € Central Park Hotel €€€
Hostel Red Bed and Breakfast €€ Luxury
ul. William Gladstone 12a Guesthouse City Map 4 E4 bul. Vitosha 106
Tel (02) 441 6373 ul. Lyuben Karavelov 15 Tel (02) 805 8181
∑ canapeconnection.com Tel (02) 988 8188 ∑ centralparkhotel.bg
With a touch of quirky design, this ∑ redbandb.com Upscale hotel with well-equip-
comfortable hostel offers a choice Well-located B&B with richly ped and spacious rooms, most
of dorms and private doubles. furnished rooms. Erstwhile home with excellent views of the park.
of sculptor Andrey Nikolov.
Apartment House Dunav €€ Festa €€€
Modern City Map 2 E2 Scotty's Boutique Hotel €€ Luxury
ul. Dunav 38 Boutique City Map 1 B3 bul. Bulgariya 83
Tel (02) 983 3002 ul. Ekzarh Yosif 11 Tel (02) 818 9628
∑ dunavaparthouse.com Tel (02) 983 6777 ∑ festahotels.com
Smartly done, studio to family- ∑ scottyshotel.biz Classy establishment on Sofia's
unit apartments, with wood Elegantly transformed block has southern fringes. Contemporary
floors and modern bathrooms. themed rooms decorated in rooms with great views.
bright colours and kitschy fabrics.
Bulgari €€ Grand Hotel Sofia €€€
Modern Apartment House Sofia €€€ Luxury
ul. Pirotska 50 Luxury ul. Gûrko 1
Tel (02) 831 0060 ul. Golo Burdo 2-4 Tel (02) 811 0801
Located in one of Sofia’s oldest Tel (02) 960 2888 ∑ grandhotelsofia.bg
shopping areas. Rooms are neatly ∑ aphouse-sofia.com Leading full-service hotel with
done and have TV and desk space. Centrally-located stylish building. majestic rooms and efficient
Upscale studios to 2-bedroom service. Prime central location.
Diter €€ family apartments, all with
Modern City Map 3 C3 excellent kitchen facilities. Hilton €€€
ul. Han Asparuh 65 Luxury
Tel (02) 989 8998 Art 'Otel €€€ bul. Bulgariya 1
∑ diterhotel.com Luxury Tel (02) 933 5000
Charming 19th-century mansion ul. William Gladstone 44 ∑ sofia.hilton.com
in a cobbled street, with elegant Tel (02) 980 6000 Modern hotel set before Mount
rooms done up in warm colours. ∑ artotel.biz Vitosha, offers excellent comforts
and award-winning cuisines.
Favorit €€
Modern Kempinski Zografski €€€
ul. Knyaz Boris I 193 Luxury
Tel (02) 931 9391 bul. James Bouchier 100
∑ hotelfavorit.bg Tel (02) 969 2222
Friendly hotel located midway ∑ kempinski.com
between the train station and Stunning hotel with exquisite
city centre. Well-equipped rooms. restaurants, bars, shopping, spa
and a Japanese garden.
Kolikovski €€
Modern Les Fleurs €€€
ul. Hristo Belchev 46 Boutique
Tel (02) 933 3000 bul. Vitosha 21
∑ kolikovski.com Tel (02) 810 0800
Centrally located smart hotel ∑ lesfleurshotel.com
offers well-equipped rooms Luxury, convenience and style
and suites. with a floral theme.
SAMOKOV: Sonata €€
Guesthouse Map B4
ul. Petûr Beron 4
Tel (0722) 60334
∑ hotelsonata-samokov.com
Well-equipped hotel at the foot
of Rila Mountain. Great base for
the ski pistes at Borovets.
KOPRIVSHTITSA: Kalina €
Guesthouse Map C3
bul. Hadzhi Nencho Palaveev 35
Tel (0888) 224 788
Attractive house with a pleasant
garden and cosy rooms that have
pine furniture and period fittings.
KOPRIVSHTITSA:
Tryanova Kûshta €
Guesthouse Map C3
ul. Gereniloto
Tel (07184) 3057
All-wooden house with comfort-
able rooms that feature tradi-
tional fabrics and pine furniture. Elegantly-appointed room at Hotel Forum, Stara Zagora
For more information on types of hotels see p221
226 TRAVELLERS’ NEEDS
Smoking
Smoking is still a widespread
habit in Bulgaria. Smoking is
banned from the interiors of
restaurants and bars, but is
permitted on the outdoor
terraces that spring up in
spring and summer, ensuring
that cigarette smoke can be
difficult to avoid.
One of the pleasant dining areas at Evergreen Palace, in Ribaritsa (see p237) Recommended
Restaurants
often best to make your earthenware pots, a wide The restaurants listed in this
reservation by calling at the range of vegetables fried in guidebook have been chosen
restaurant in person rather breadcrumbs, and cubed for a wide range of reasons and
than booking by phone. vegetables grilled on a kebab criteria. They are all representa-
skewer. Common Bulgarian tive of their setting, be that
hors d’oeuvres include chushka Sofia, the Black Sea coast, the
Reading the Menu byurek (a large pepper stuffed traditional small towns of Central
Both in mehani and restaurants, with cheese and fried in batter Bulgaria or the Rila Mountains.
menus are written in Cyrillic or breadcrumbs) and aubergine Each stands out and has earned
script (see pp282–4). In Sofia (patladzhan) fried and served a noteworthy reputation.
and in tourist resorts, menus in with yoghurt. Listings cover a variety of
English are often available. Vegetarians should be wary eateries, from the traditional
However, as translations are of vegetable soups and stews. Bulgarian taverns and inns that
rarely perfect, some thought Many of these apparently specialize in regional dishes to
and imagination may be meat-free dishes are made simple pizzerias, restaurants
required to make out precisely with meat stock. serving fish and seafood, chic
what is on offer. Most menus bistros, vegetarian cafés and
are divided into sections, fine dining in smart restaurants.
typically covering snacks, salads, The Bill and Tipping The DK Choice label means
hors d’oeuvres, main dishes Like the menu, the bill the restaurant is outstanding
and desserts. Vegetarian dishes (smetkata) is usually written and warmly recommended. It
are listed as yastiya bez meso in Cyrillic. If you are confused may serve especially memorable
(“meatless dishes”) or as postno about the names of dishes you meals with local specialities,
yadene (“fasting food”). ordered or about the amount offer excellent value for money,
you have been charged, refer be located in beautiful surrounds,
back to the original menu. be a historically important
Vegetarians Credit cards are only accepted landmark building, have a
There are only a handful of in smarter restaurants in Sofia romantic atmosphere or be
dedicated vegetarian restau- and other major towns and particularly charming. Whatever
rants in Bulgaria, and most of cities. Restaurant bills rarely the reason, it is a guarantee of
these are in Sofia. Mainstream include service, and it is an especially memorable meal.
mehani and restaurants rarely
include meat-free options in
their list of main courses, but
there are always plenty of salads
and hors d’oeuvres that are
suitable for vegetarians. Com-
bining two or three of these
makes a healthy and filling meal.
Bulgarian salads are
particularly noted for the fresh
vegetables that make up most
of their ingredients. Among
traditional hors d’oeuvres are
various combinations of cheese,
eggs and vegetables baked in Live music at the Hadzhidraganovite Kûshti restaurant in Sofia (see p232)
230 TRAVELLERS’ NEEDS
The Coast
The dwindling fish stocks of the
Black Sea are slowly on the mend
and it is possible once more to
enjoy excellent grilled bonito
and stewed or fried scad when
they arrive at the end of summer.
Sprats, served fried or marinated,
are available throughout the year.
Mussels are plentiful and good,
but must come from pollution-
free sources. Bulgarian fish soup,
ribena chorba, is seasoned with
thyme, and may be made with
fresh or saltwater fish.
Bulgarian fruit and vegetables, piled high on a Sofia market stall
ON THE MENU
elenski but, seasoned with and certainly among the
herbs, all stem from the need cheapest. They feature promi- Banitsa Savoury filo pastry
to preserve meat to last nently in a wide range of stews pie filled with sirene and egg,
that go by the generic name of vegetables or minced meat.
through the long and bitter
mountain winters. Hearty gyuvetch. Many salad dishes, Kavarma Veal pork, chicken or
stews are a mountain tradition such as shopska and ovcharska lamb, stewed with onions and
too, with kavarma and pork (shepherd’s salad), originated good local red wine.
ribs with kidney beans among on the plains and are at their Kyopolou Aubergine, pepper
the tastiest and most popular. very best here because of the and tomato dip with garlic,
freshness of the produce. parsley and red wine vinegar.
Kyufteta Spiced roasted, fried
The Plains
or grilled meatballs.
The best of Bulgaria’s fruit and Shkembe chorba Soup made
vegetables are grown on the of veal tripe flavoured with garlic,
plains to the south and north said to be an infallible cure for a
of the Stara Planina range, hangover.
usually without fertilizers. Berries,
Sirene po shopski Layers of
orchard fruits, melons and
cheese, peppers and tomato
grapes (for the table as well as topped with an egg and baked
for wine) are among the many in a small pot.
superb fruits. The peppers,
Tarama Creamy dip made from
tomatoes, cucumbers, onions,
salted fish roe blended with
aubergines (eggplant), potatoes
chopped onion, soaked bread
and courgettes (zucchini) are Fields of sunflowers in the countryside
and sunflower oil.
arguably the best in Europe around Bozhentsi
Shopska salad is a delicious Sweet peppers are filled with a Baklava, filo pastry layered
mix of chopped tomatoes, variety of stuffings, from rice or with walnuts and cinnamon
cucumbers, peppers, onions cheese and egg to meat, and and doused in syrup, is also
and grated white cheese. baked or fried. eaten in Greece and Turkey.
232 TRAVELLERS’ NEEDS
Pastorant €€
Italian City Map 3 A2
ul. Tsar Asen 16
Tel (02) 981 4482
Friendly restaurant offering
freshly made pasta served with
authentic Italian sauces. The
cakes and puddings make for
Authentic Bulgarian food at the Hadzhidraganovite Kûshti in Sofia some excellent desserts.
W H E R E TO E AT A N D D R I N K 233
Maraia Fusion €€€ Great place for grilled meats, BANSKO: Come Prima €€€
International City Map 4 D1 excellently done local trout and Mediterranean Map B4
ul. G.S. Rakovski 123 vegetarian dishes. Dine in the ul. Pirin 96
Tel (02) 980 6260 warmth of an open fire, or on Tel (0749) 88888
Mixing the informality of a diner the open terrace. A sophisticated affair in the
with haute cuisine standards, this Kempinski Hotel, with an open
upscale option serves an BACHKOVO: Vodopada € kitchen and a menu that runs from
imaginative range of European- Bulgarian Map C4 home-made pasta to seafood.
Asian dishes alongside excellent Tel (03327) 2389
sushi. Full menu of cocktails. Enjoy large portions of well- BLAGOEVGRAD:
cooked lamb and local fish Mehana Vodenitsata €€
Shades of Red €€€ on outdoor tables next to the Bulgarian Map B4
International City Map 3 C1 gushing waterfall near the Bachinovo Park
ul. Gûrko 1 Bachkovo Monastery entrance. Tel (0898) 625 959
Tel (02) 811 0811 This folk-style restaurant, 2km
Classy restaurant attached to the BANSKO: south of central Blagoevgrad, has
Grand Hotel Sofia, offers a wide Makedonska Kruchma €€ a park-like setting, complete with
variety of Mediterranean and Bulgarian Map B4 a kids’ playground and mini zoo.
French dishes, augmented by ul. Tûrgovska 1
Argentinian steaks. Tel (0888) 792 299 DEVIN: Elit €€
In the little village of Dobrinishte, Bulgarian Map C4
Sidoniya €€€ near Bansko ski resort, the ul. Yundola 2
International “Macedonian Inn” serves Tel (03041) 2240
ul. Slavovitsa 51a traditional Bulgarian food in a Elegant restaurant with a summer
Tel (0893) 688 884 dining room artfully done with garden, serves traditional dishes
Imaginative fusion of modern timber furniture. as well as mussels, squid and
European and Bulgarian cuisine, freshwater and Black Sea fish.
with the menu changing regularly. BANSKO: Molerite €€
Bulgarian Map B4 DEVIN: Ismena €€
The Chefs €€€ ul. Glazne 41 Bulgarian Map C4
International Tel (0886) 559 595 ul. Guritsa 4
Lake Pasarel Spread over two floors, this Tel (0884) 707 970
Tel (0896) 723 222 Closed Mon, restaurant, with wooden beams A good place to try traditional
Tue, Wed, Thu and traditional decor, serves Rhodope dishes, with a smart
Award-winning, weekend-only lavish portions of grilled and interior and an outdoor terrace
restaurant, 17km southeast roast meats. that has lovely mountain views.
of town. Offers contemporary
European cuisine combining BANSKO: HASKOVO: Uno Piu €
inventiveness and flair. Menu Obetsanova Mehana €€ Pizzeria Map D4
changes daily. Bulgarian Map B4 bul. Dobrudzha 10
pl. Vazrazhdane 1 Tel (0886) 361 111
Tel (0878) 555 611 A classy family-friendly pizzeria
Converted from an old National with a summer garden and play
Southern Bulgaria Revival-style house into a tavern area for kids.
with a large garden. Serves well-
BACHKOVO: Djamoura € prepared Bansko specialities such HASKOVO: Alafrangite €€
Bulgarian Map C4 as kapama (pork or chicken with Bulgarian Map D4
ul. Osvobozhdenie 74 vegetables) and chumlek (slow- ul. Milin Kamûk 7
Tel (03327) 2320 cooked shin of beef ). Tel (038) 664 400
KOVACHEVITSA:
Kruchma Bratyata €
Bulgarian Map B4
Tel (0888) 347 478
Serves traditional local dishes
featuring home-grown vegetables.
Local wines and brandies, too.
KÛRDZHALI:
Mehana Rodopchani €€ Grilled and stewed squid cooked in Greek tomato sauce, served at Hemingway in Plovdiv
Bulgarian Map D5
Road to Ardino PLOVDIV: Erevan € Bohemian decor combines with
Tel (0898) 690 057 Armenian Map C4 comfort at this upscale BBQ &
Bulgarian fare served with flair ul. Otets Paisii 15 Grill that has a well-stocked bar.
in a traditional setting. Located Tel (0894) 762 779
3 km west of the centre. Stylish restaurant serving traditional PLOVDIV: Salt & Pepper €€€
grills and Anatolian wines. Seafood Map C4
KYUSTENDIL: Strimon €€€ ul. Han Kubrat 1
International Map A4 PLOVDIV: Veda House € Tel (032) 275 671 Closed Sun
ul. Tsar Simeon I, 24 Vegetarian Map C4 Located in a modern building
Tel (078) 559 000 ul. Georgi Benkovski 50 with a small terrace, this first-
Sophisticated restaurant serving Tel (032) 622 760 floor restaurant specializes in
high-class cuisine with French Two-storey café-restaurant known Mediterranean seafood, a wide
and Mediterranean influences. for tasty vegetarian dishes, leaf range of fish dishes, excellent
teas, home-made biscuits and pastas and risottos.
LESHTEN: Leshten Mehana €€ desserts. Daily menu is good value.
Bulgarian Map B4 PLOVDIV OLD TOWN:
Tel (0888) 544 651 PLOVDIV: XIX Vek €€ Alafrangite €€
This charming stone house at the Bulgarian Map C4 Bulgarian Map C4
centre of the village serves ul. Tsar Kaloyan 1a ul. Kiril Nektariev 13
Bulgarian dishes prepared from Tel (032) 886 856 Tel (0888) 312 433
fresh local produce. Great home- A local favourite that has walls Bulgarian classics are served in
made wines too. decorated with traditional the rooms of this beautifully
implements reminiscent of preserved 19th-century, Revival-
MELNIK: Despot Slav € a 19th-century village, offers a style house.
Bulgarian Map B5 wide choice of local dishes.
Tel (07437) 248 PLOVDIV OLD TOWN:
A good balance between PLOVDIV: Gusto €€ Konyushite na Tsarya €€
vegetarian and meat dishes, Italian Map C4 Bulgarian Map C4
with excellent rabbit, duck and ul. Otets Paisii 26 ul. Saborna
pork among the options. Tel (032) 653 882 Tel (0898) 542 787
This city-centre restaurant is well- A summer-only establishment,
MELNIK: Mencheva Kûshta € known for its good-value fare, with this restaurant and bar is also
Bulgarian Map B5 authentic pizzas, pasta and salads. popular for Bulgarian grills. Gets
Tel (07437) 339 crowded on weekends.
An old house with a distinct
character; the perfect place to DK Choice PLOVDIV OLD TOWN:
sample traditional dishes and PLOVDIV: Art Café Hebros €€€
fiery fruit brandies. Filipopolis €€€ International Map C4
International Map C4 ul. Konstantin Stoilov 51
PAMPOROVO: Chanove €€ ul. Suborna 29 Tel (032) 260 180
Bulgarian Map C5 T (032) 624 851
Tel The seasonally-changing menu
Tel (03095) 8212 More of a restaurant, this café at this award-winning high-class
With hunting trophies and a has an elegant interior and an restaurant focuses on French-
roaring fireplace, Chanove serves oudoor terrace with sweeping Modern European cuisine, made
old-style Bulgarian dishes, views of modern Plovdiv. The with fresh ingredients.
including goose lungs, chicken mains menu has competently
hearts and delicious bean soup. handled steaks, duck and PLOVDIV OLD TOWN:
freshwater fish, while the
freshwater Petr I €€€
PAMPOROVO: White House €€ tempting desserts include Russian Map C4
Bulgarian Map C5 apple strudel and walnut pie. ul. Knyaz Tseretelev 11
Tel (03095) 8550 Tel (032) 620 789
This elegant eatery, done with a Though its decor tends to border
rustic theme complete with PLOVDIV: Hemingway €€€ on kitsch, this expensive Russian
exposed wooden beams and cow International Map C4 restaurant offers a splendid
bells, has a menu of traditional ul. Gûrko 10 dining experience. The terrace
Rhodope dishes, pasta and pizza. Tel (032) 267 350 has delightful views of the city.
For more information on types of restaurants see p229
236 TRAVELLERS’ NEEDS
SANDANSKI: Plomari €€
International Map B5
ul. Makedoniya 1
Tel (0746) 33035 The homely and welcoming dining area of Rest in Gabrovo
Key to Price Guide see p232
W H E R E TO E AT A N D D R I N K 237
ZHERAVNA: Starcha €
Bulgarian Map E3
The historic Hadzhi Nikoli in Veliko Tûrnovo, offering Bulgarian and international cuisine Tel (0887) 495 555
Newly-built, traditional-style
TRYAVNA: Starata Loza € Lively restaurant with a restaurant, with succulent
Bulgarian Map D3 huge menu covering almost barbecued meats and salads
ul. Slaveykov 44 everything in Bulgarian cuisine, made from fresh local produce.
Tel (0677) 4501 plus pizzas and pastas.
Whether dining on the vine-
shaded terrace or in the VELIKO TÛRNOVO:
traditionally-styled room, feast on Hadzhi Nikoli €€€ Northern Bulgaria
local specialities such as stewed International Map D3
calf’s tongue and fried brains. ul. Rakovska 39 BELOGRADCHIK: Madona €
Tel (062) 651 291 Bulgarian Map A2
TRYAVNA: Zograf Mehana € This well-appointed restaurant ul. Hristo Botev 26
Bulgarian Map D3 in an old caravanserai offers an Tel (0936) 5546
ul. Slaveykov 1 inventive range of modern Family-run mehana with views
Tel (0677) 4970 European and Bulgarian dishes. of Belogradchik’s famous rocks.
An old-style tavern with an open Has a list of excellent wines. Specialities include chorba
fire and wooden furniture, od kopriva (nettle soup) and
offering a good range of local VELIKO TÛRNOVO: grohchano (diced pork with
food including trout and rabbit. Klub na Arhitekta €€€ onions and garlic).
International Map D3
VELIKO TÛRNOVO: ul. Velcho Dzhamdzhiyata 14 BERKOVITSA:
Mehana Gurko € Tel (062) 621 451 Krusteva Kûshta €
ul. Gûrko 33 Built into a steep hillside above Bulgarian Map B2
Tel (062) 627 838 Yantra River, the “Architect's Club” ul. Sheinovo 5
Traditional mehana serving local serves European classics in a Tel (0953) 88099
specialities together with a candlelit, cave-like interior. Regional fare, comprising salads
long list of wines and rakiyas and meat dishes, served in a
(brandies), in folksy surroundings. VELIKO TÛRNOVO: Yantra €€€ charming 19th-century house
International Map D3 that has a walled garden.
VELIKO TÛRNOVO: ul. Opalchenska 2
Pizza Tempo € Tel (062) 600 607 CHIPROVTSI:
Pizzeria Map D3 Gostopriemnitsa Kipro €
ul. Ivailo 4 Bulgarian Map A2
Tel (062) 606 920 ul. Balkanska 46
Popular restaurant serving a Tel (09554) 2947
good range of pizzas, pastas Homely restaurant with wooden
and Bulgarian staples. Rustic bench-and-table seating. Serves
environment with exposed-brick Bulgarian grilled meat dishes and
walls and overhead wood beams. local specialities such as kachamak
(polenta with white cheese).
VELIKO TÛRNOVO: Ego €€
International DOBRICH: Residence €€
ul. Nezavisimost 17 International Map F2
Tel (062) 601 804 ul. Batovska 20
Main street pizzeria and grill, Tel (058) 602 300
with pasta, steaks and other Smart and elegant eatery
international dishes filling out with a good mixture of
an extensive menu. mainstream Bulgarian and
Central European dishes.
VELIKO TÛRNOVO:
Shtastlivetsa €€ PLEVEN: Bulgarski koren €
Bulgarian Map D3 Bulgarian Map C2
ul. Stefan Stambolov 79 An appetizing ‘Cherga’ salad, made with a ul. Naicho Tsanov 4
Tel (062) 600 656 variety of fresh vegetables Tel (064) 829 090
A live performance at the luxurious and elegant La Strada in Ruse, Northern Bulgaria
For more information on types of restaurants see p229
240 TRAVELLERS’ NEEDS
SINEMORETS:
Sinyata Akula €€
Seafood Map G4
ul. Butamya 11
The “Blue Shark” offers Black Sea
fish and Mediterranean food,
with excellent risotto and pasta
dishes served alongside healthy
The unconventional interior of Rose, Burgas salads and great desserts.
Key to Price Guide see p232
W H E R E TO E AT A N D D R I N K 241
SHOPPING IN BULGARIA
Bright modern malls and shops selling flowers, and street kiosks with meticulously
clothes by major international labels are an arranged trays of dried fruit, nuts and sweets.
increasingly common feature of Bulgaria’s Bulgaria’s rich handicrafts tradition includes
town and city centres. By contrast, and quite the distinctive pottery from Troyan, weaving
untouched by international retail culture, and embroidery, woodcarving and metalwork.
Bulgaria also has a wealth of shops, open-air In coastal resorts and other areas frequented
markets and stalls selling everything from by visitors, streets and promenades are lined
Bulgarian-made soaps to rakiya, Bulgarian with souvenir stalls offering dolls in traditional
brandy. In every town centre there is a market, costume, replicas of antique icons and local
with stalls stacked with fruit, vegetables and craft items.
ENTERTAINMENT IN
BULGARIA
Bulgaria’s classical music, ballet and theatre Through the summer months, a succession
season runs from the beginning of October of arts festivals take place in the towns of the
to the end of June. During this time, the Black Sea coast, with stimulating programmes of
country’s fine orchestras, opera and ballet music, drama and dance. Bulgaria’s vigorous folk
companies perform at venues in Sofia and other culture also offers the opportunity to see and
major towns, and theatre companies stage hear traditional Bulgarian dancing and music
productions of classic and contemporary plays. at one of several major summer folk festivals.
Cinema
New Hollywood blockbusters
and other international films
reach Bulgaria a month or
two after being premièred
elsewhere. They are screened
in their original language, with
subtitles in Bulgarian.
Modern multiplexes with
comfortable seats and high-
quality sound are common
in Sofia. Outside the capital,
cinemas tend to be old-
fashioned and badly ventilated. The Arena Multiplex in Sofia
Both in Sofia and elsewhere,
cinema tickets are inexpensive. Pre-Christian rites are other with local and international
occasions when traditional house and techno DJs spinning
music is played. The kukeri rites discs to large and appreciative
Folk Music and Dance (see p106) involve masked audiences in Sofia and in coastal
Performances of traditional folk mummers dancing wildly to resorts during the season.
music and dancing are a regular strident musical accompaniment. International jazz musicians
feature of folk-style restaurants gather for two important annual
in Sofia and in holiday resorts. events: the Varna International
Authentic folk festivals are Jazz Festival in early August,
an important feature of the and the Bansko Jazz Festival
Bulgarian calendar. The in mid-August.
leading folk festival is that held
in Koprivshtitsa. The main event DIRECTORY
is the International Folk Festival,
at which folk dancers and Classical Music, Opera
musicians from all over Bulgaria and Ballet
perform. This takes place every Bulgarian National Opera
five years (the next in summer and Ballet, Sofia
2015) on a meadow outside Tel (02) 987 7011.
the village. The Folklore Days ∑ operasofia.bg
festival, a smaller gathering
featuring local folk singers Chervilo Club-Bar in Sofia, one of many Plovdiv Opera and
Philharmonic Society
and dancers, is held in central nightclubs in the capital
Tel (032) 625 553.
Koprivshtitsa in mid-August
Rock, Jazz and ∑ ofd-plovdiv.org
each year.
Other major events include Nightclubs Stara Zagora Opera
Pirin pee (“Pirin Sings”), a Local bands playing popular Tel (042) 622 431.
celebration of Bulgarian- rock and jazz standards are a ∑ opera-starazagora.bg
Macedonian music held at frequent feature of bars and Varna Opera and
Predel, west of Bansko; and clubs in cities and holiday resorts. Philharmonic Society
Rozhenskia Sûbor (“Rozhen Big names in rock and pop Tel (052) 665 022.
Gathering”), a festival of perform at the National Palace ∑ operavarna.bg
Rhodopean music held on a of Culture in Sofia. Club culture
mountainside near Smolyan. is highly developed in Bulgaria, Theatres
Ivan Vazov National
Theatre, Sofia
Tel (02) 811 9227.
∑ nationaltheatre.bg
Sfumato Theatre
Workshop, Sofia
Tel (02) 944 0127.
∑ sfumato.info
Arts Festivals
Apollonia, Sozopol
∑ apollonia.bg
OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES
With the beaches of the Black Sea coast, excellent skiing and snowboarding in winter,
which stretches for 354 km (220 miles) and in summer they become bases for
along the country’s eastern border, and hiking and mountain-biking. Other sports
spectacular mountains in the interior, include rafting and kayaking on fast-flowing
Bulgaria offers almost endless possibilities rivers, rock climbing and caving, and horse-
for active holidays. On the coast, well- riding. Bulgaria also has wide tracts of
organized beach resorts offer a great unspoilt countryside that is rich in flora
range of water sports, from windsurfing and fauna. With wetlands and other
to kiteboarding, while the waters of nearby pristine habitats attracting native as well
bays and rocky coves are perfect for learning as migratory birds, Bulgaria also offers
scuba diving. The mountain resorts offer unrivalled birdwatching.
Mountain Biking
The vast network of gravel
tracks and forestry roads that
threads through Bulgaria’s
wooded mountains provides
great potential for mountain
biking. The sport is relatively
undeveloped here, and few
mountain biking routes are
marked. So you’re likely to have The ski resort of Borovets, in the northern Rila Mountains
the mountain to yourselves.
However, there are several cover a lot of ground and yet of Bansko now has a very
signed trails around Velingrad see the countryside close-up modern ski-lift system,
and Momchilovtsi, in the and at a comfortable pace. snowmaking facilities, good
Rhodope Mountains, and Stables offering excursions for food and and lively après ski.
around Teteven and Troyan, in all abilities are based at Albena, With good pistes for skiers of
the Central Balkan range. Bansko on the northern Black Sea coast, all abilities, Bansko even has
in summer is also a good area for Ribaritsa and Uzana in the some exhilarating descents for
mountain biking; try Mountain central Balkans, Trigrad in the advanced skiers. In addition, you
Tracks in town or just rent a bike Rhodopes and Beli Iskûr in the can even go heli-skiing here for a
from a hotel (do check it out first Rila Mountains. Equine holiday fraction of the price you would
though). The Velingrad-based specialists such as Arkantours pay elsewhere in Europe or
agency BikeArea publishes and Horseriding Bulgaria can North America. For novices
mountain-biking maps of the provide more details and or inexperienced skiers, the
vicinity and also organizes arrange bookings. resorts of Borovets and
guided mountain-biking tours. Pamporovo, with their excellent
Many places offer bikes for rent ski schools and nursery slopes in
at reasonable prices. Winter Sports or near the centre of the resort,
Skiing is a major aspect of are also recommended. For
Bulgaria’s leisure industry but those staying in Sofia, Mt Vitosha,
Horse Riding to date the country has really just outside the capital, makes
A wide variety of horse riding struggled to dispel its image an ideal destination for a
holidays is available in Bulgaria, as solely a budget or even weekend excursion.
ranging from invigorating downmarket option. This was All of these resorts have ski
gallops along Black Sea beaches brought on by a combination schools with instructors who
to one-day or one-week treks of poor ski facilities and bad food speak good English. Most UK
through some stunning inland and accommodation. However, ski operators, such as Inghams
mountain scenery. Travelling on this is all changing and after Travel, offer ski holidays in
horse enables the visitor to substantial investment the resort Bulgaria but there are also plenty
of Bulgarian companies such
as Bulgariaski offering the
same type of holidays, often at
better prices.
Snowshoeing, which requires
no previous experience, is an
increasingly popular winter sport
in Bulgaria thanks largely to the
many mountain ranges available.
It involves hiking across high-
altitude snowfields in specially
designed footwear, and provides
memorable winter-landscape
views. General outdoor trekking
and adventure companies such
as Zig Zag Holidays and
walkingbulgaria.com will be
Group of mountain bikers on a country road in the Rila Mountains able to arrange trips.
248 TRAVELLERS’ NEEDS
Windsurfers off a beach at Lozenets, on the southern part of the Black Sea coast
Windsurfing and divers can explore varied rock
Kiteboarding DIRECTORY
formations, submerged caves,
Bulgaria is a good place for colourful shoals of fish and Birdwatching
beginners to learn how to exotic sea anemones. There are
Bulgarian Society for the
windsurf, although the gentle also several WWII shipwrecks
Protection of Birds
afternoon breezes may not north of Varna at Cape Shabla. ∑ bspb.org ∑ birding.bg
meet the expectations of more However, the visibility is not
experienced windsurfers. All especially good in the Black Sea Caving
the main resorts such as Sunny and divers used to the rich
Beach, Golden Sands, Albena, underwater life of coral reefs Odysseia-In
Lozenets and Sozopol have may be slightly disappointed. ∑ hiking-bulgaria.com
windsurfing schools.
Kiteboarding, which involves Diving
being towed at high speeds by Paragliding
Deep Blue
a giant parachute-like kite, can Bulgaria is an excellent place to ∑ diving-bg.com
be enjoyed at Lozenets, Sunny learn how to paraglide as the
Beach and Golden Sands. cost is lower than in other Hiking and Adventure
European destinations. There’s Tourism
also plenty of hilly terrain to
Diving launch from and rocks and Stenata
l. Bratya Miladinovi 5, Sofia.
Diving is increasingly popular in plateaux to create thermals. The
Tel (02) 980 5491.
Bulgaria, and there are diving best time of the year to try this
∑ stenata.com
schools and centres in nearly all sport is from March to October.
of the Black Sea resorts. Deep Super Sky Paragliding is a Walkingbulgaria.com
Blue has diving centres in Sofia, Sofia-based outfit that can ul. Orfei 9, Sofia.
Golden Sands and Sunny Beach. organize lessons and tours in any Tel (02) 400 1050.
The best areas for underwater of the main venues such as ∑ walkingbulgaria.com
exploration are the northern Sopot in the central Balkan range, Zig Zag Holidays
Black Sea coast around Kamen and the southeastern shoulder bul. Aleksandur Stamboliiski 20-V,
Briag and Tyulenovo, where of Mount Vitosha, near Bistritsa. Sofia. Tel (02) 980 5102.
∑ zigzagbg.com
Horse Riding
Arkantours
∑ arkantours.com
Horseriding Bulgaria
∑ horseridingbulgaria.com
Mountain Biking
BikeArea
∑ bikearea.org
Paragliding
Super Sky Paragliding
Tel (02) 776 244.
∑ supersky.hit.bg
Paragliding behind a speedboat, a popular sport on the Black Sea coast
SURVIVAL
GUIDE
PRACTICAL INFORMATION
With fine cities, a beautiful coastline and be enjoyed from April through to October,
stunning mountain scenery, Bulgaria is an while Bulgaria’s historic cities, with their
attractive destination all year round. On the great churches, cathedrals, museums and
Black Sea coast, the main holiday season art galleries, are rewarding places to visit
runs from May to September, peaking in at any time of year. Although travelling in
July and August, when temperatures are Bulgaria may not be as quick and easy
at their highest and the beaches fill with as in other European countries, there
holidaymakers. The skiing season runs are no serious obstacles, and Bulgarians
from late December to mid-March. Hiking are helpful and courteous towards
in the country’s spectacular mountains can foreign visitors.
Opening Hours
Museum opening times are far
from uniform. In popular tourist
spots, museums are generally
open from 9am to 5pm Tuesday
to Sunday, but sometimes close
at lunchtime. Many museums in
these tourist areas frequently
stay open longer in the evening
Tourist information center, with leaflets and postcards, in Koprivshtitsa during the summer season.
Yellow taxi cabs gathered in front of the Parliament during a rally in Sofia
P R A C T I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N 253
Electrical Equipment
The main electricity supply in
Bulgaria is 220/240V, and
standard European two-pin
plugs are used. To use their own
electrical devices in Bulgaria,
visitors from the UK will need to
buy an adaptor before they travel.
However, most rooms in hotels
with a four-star rating or above
are equipped with hair dryers.
A beachside bar in one of Bulgaria’s popular Black Sea resorts
Photography
Richly decorated interior of the Church of the Archangels at Arbanasi Photography is not allowed
in churches unless special
Religion are busy throughout the day, permission has been given by
Bulgaria is a religiously active with local people coming in to the priest. Elsewhere, attitudes
country, with most of its light candles beside the altar to photography are generally
population adhering to one or pray to a particular saint. quite relaxed. At museums and
of two faiths. While just over Bulgaria also has several archaeological sites, the use
82 per cent of Bulgarians are important Orthodox monasteries. of cameras is allowed on
Christians of the Bulgarian Many are set in beautiful payment of an extra fee. When
Orthodox denomination, about highland areas that offer the photographing people, however,
12 per cent are Muslims. There is perfect conditions for peace always ask their permission first.
also a small number of Jews. and contemplation. Monasteries
Most Bulgarian Orthodox are also important places of
churches are beautifully pilgrimage for Bulgarians, and
decorated, with icons, frescoes most are open every day
and carved wooden furnishings. throughout the year, welcoming
In city-centre churches, religious both sightseers and worshippers.
services are held daily, with the In the calendar of the
Sunday morning service the Orthodox Church, Easter usually
most important of the week. falls a week or two later than in
A timetable giving times of the Catholic and Protestant
services is usually posted near calendars. It is the most
the entrance of each church. In important religious holiday of
larger towns and cities, churches the year, and at midnight on
Easter Saturday churches are
filled with worshippers.
Although Muslim Public transport tickets for sale at a street
communities are distributed stall in Sofia
throughout Bulgaria, they are
particularly concentrated in
the Rhodope Mountains, around Admission Charges
Kurdzhali and Haskovo in the All museums and archae-
southeastern part of the country, ological and historic sites make
and around Shumen and a charge for admission, as do
Razgrad in the northeast. Each of those churches and mosques
the towns in these regions has at that have the status of tourist
least one mosque, and from the attractions as well as places
top of the minaret the muezzin of prayer. Most museums offer
calls the faithful to prayer five a guided tour (beseda) for an
times a day. Friday prayers, for extra charge. These tours are
which Muslims assemble on usually in Bulgarian only, but
Friday afternoons, is the most it is sometimes possible to
important service of the week. arrange a tour in other
Orthodox monks at one of Bulgaria’s When visiting a church or languages by contacting
monasteries mosque, visitors should show the museum in advance.
P R A C T I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N 255
Tourism Organizations
Bulgarian Tourism
Authority
pl. Sveta Nedelya 1, Sofia.
Map 1 B4.
Tel (02) 933 5845.
∑ bulgariatravel.org
Useful Websites
∑ bulgariainside.eu
∑ inyourpocket.com
∑ visitsofia.bg
Beach at a popular resort on the Black Sea, with sun loungers and parasols Beaches
During the holiday season,
life-guards are employed on the
Personal Belongings Any incidence of theft should beaches of major resorts. These
Before you leave home, it is be reported immediately to the beaches are regularly swept for
wise to check that you are police. The loss or theft of a litter and on almost all of them
adequately insured against passport should be reported visitors can expect facilities such
the loss or theft of luggage without delay to your country’s as showers. Sun loungers and
and valuable possessions. embassy or consulate in Sofia parasols can be rented for a fee.
Take photocopies of your (see p255). Outside the main resorts,
passport and other important many town beaches on the
documents. If your passport is Black Sea charge a small access
lost or stolen, photocopies will Police fee. The funds are supposed
help your embassy or consulate Bulgarian police are usually to finance the employment
to issue a new one. Also make courteous in their dealings with of lifeguards and litter
a note of your credit card visitors from other countries, collectors, but this is not
numbers and the emergency but they may not have a good always put into practice.
telephone number of the command of English or any Some of Bulgaria’s most
issuing bank, so that you can other foreign language. If you beautiful beaches, particularly
cancel them immediately if have to report the loss or theft along the southern part of the
they are lost or stolen. Keep of property, bear in mind that Black Sea coast, are wonderfully
this information secure. Bulgarian police are slow in wild and uncommercialized,
When you park your car, filling out reports, so be but are without any
always lock it and make sure prepared to be patient. facilities.
any items of value are out of
sight. Cameras or camcorders
should be carried on a strap or
inside a case. Never leave your
clothes and other belongings
unattended on a beach, even if
you are swimming just a few
metres away. A typical high-speed chase car used by the Bulgarian police
P R A C T I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N 257
On beaches, exposure to
strong sun can be a hazard
from May to early October.
Young children are especially
vulnerable to sunburn. Sunhats,
sunglasses, and a high
protection factor suncream
are essential. Also remember
to carry bottled water with you
to prevent dehydration, which
can lead to heat exhaustion.
During the middle of the day,
it is best to stay under a parasol
or go indoors, so as avoid
exposure to the sun when
its rays are at their strongest.
Pharmacy shop with distinctive blue and white signage and snake motif
Medical Care a reliable private doctor or a may not stock the particular
Bulgaria is free from most reputable private clinic. drug or remedy drugs that you
dangerous contagious Visitors to Bulgaria who are are accustomed to using. If you
diseases, so that visitors need on package holidays should need special prescription drugs,
no immunizations. The tap seek the advice of their local it is best to bring an adequate
water is also safe to drink. tour company representative. supply with you.
Citizens of countries of the Every Bulgarian town and
European Union are entitled city has at least one herbal
to use the Bulgarian national Pharmacies pharmacy (Bilkova apteka)
health service free of charge. Bulgarian pharmacies are easily offering natural remedies, very
Citizens of other countries must recognized by the word apteka, often made from locally sourced
pay for treatment. All foreign usually in white against a blue herbs and plants. The staff in
visitors, whether or not they are background, and the sign of such pharmacies have a good
from another EU country, must the coiled Aesculapian snake. knowledge of herbal medicine
pay for any but the most basic Most pharmacies keep normal and can offer advice on remedies,
medicines. You should be able shop hours (see p242). Every but are unlikely to speak English.
to claim some reimbursement major town and city has a duty However, you should be able to
from your insurance company pharmacy, with an emergency communicate adequately using
if you keep the receipts. counter that is open 24 hours a a smile, a phrasebook and basic
Bulgarian state-run hospitals day. All pharmacies post details sign language.
often lack the most effective of the nearest duty pharmacy in
medicines and the most up-to- their window.
date facilities. Because of this, Pharmacies are a good Fire
it is probably best to seek source of advice for minor Bulgaria’s hot, dry summers
treatment in a private clinic medical problems, although create prime conditions for
if you fall ill. Again, you will be it may be difficult to find one forest fires, which can spread
able to claim reimbursement with English-speaking staff. with alarming speed. During
if your insurance policy covers Although most Bulgarian excursions to forests, visitors
this eventuality. Your hotel is pharmacies carry a selection of should take extreme care to
likely to be able to recommend international-brand drugs, they extinguish camp fires, and to
dispose of cigarette butts and
used matches carefully.
DIRECTORY
Emergency Services
Emergency
Tel 112
Police
Tel 166
Ambulance
Tel 150
Fire
Tel 160
Fire crew and fire engines at the ready at a station in Sofia
258 SUR VIVAL GUIDE
Postbank
bul. Okolovrasten pat 260
Sofia 1766.
Tel 0700 18 555.
Banknotes
Banknotes are issued in denominations of
2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 leva. The text on the
notes is in Cyrillic, but their value is clearly
displayed. Each is illustrated with the
portrait of a historical figure who played
an important role in the history or culture
of the nation.
2 leva banknote
5 leva banknote
10 leva banknote
20 leva banknote
50 leva banknote
1 lev coin 50 stotinki coin 20 stotinki coin 10 stotinki coin 5 stotinki coin
Coins
Coins are issued in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20
and 50 stotinki, and 1 lev. Coins of 1 to 5 stotinki are
copper-coloured, and those of 10 to 50 stotinki are
silver-coloured. The 1 lev coin has a portrait of St John
of Rila, patron saint of Bulgaria, on its reverse. 2 stotinki coin 1 stotinka coin
260 SUR VIVAL GUIDE
Communications
Bulgaria has national telephone and postal systems, both
of which are reasonably efficient, although the postal
service is a little slower than in some Western European
countries. Bulgarians have enthusiastically embraced the
internet, so that even in smaller towns visitors will have no
trouble finding an Internet café. Foreign newspapers, by
contrast, are more difficult to find. Even so, magazines and
guides, aimed specifically at visitors, are available in a
number of cities. Cable and satellite channels dominate
Bulgarian television.
1 Lift the
receiver. display panel
tells you how
full details of call charges,
contact your mobile phone
much time you operator before leaving home.
have left. One way of avoiding high
2 Insert the
phonecard call charges is to buy a pre-
and wait
for the 4 Replace the
receiver at the
end of your
paid SIM card from a Bulgarian
mobile phone operator such
as Mtel, Globul or Vivacom,
dialling
tone. conversation and insert it into your phone
and remove so that you can make calls
your card. to Bulgarian numbers, at
Bulgarian prices, during
your stay. However, some
mobile phones will
automatically lock if you
insert another network’s
SIM card into them, so check
Phonecard issued by the telephone with your original operator
operator Bulfon before attempting this.
P R A C T I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N 261
DIRECTORY
English-Language
Media
Novinite
∑ novinite.com
Sofia – The Insider’s Guide
∑ insidesofia.com
Sofia In Your Pocket
∑ inyourpocket.com
Newspaper kiosk, with a wide selection of papers and magazines
262 SUR VIVAL GUIDE
TRAVEL INFORMATION
Bulgaria is well connected with the rest of somewhat arduous, and impractical for visitors
Europe by air, and this is the quickest and with limited time. Bulgaria itself is served by
most economical way of reaching the a network of train and bus routes, to major
country. Because of a lack of fast, modern towns and cities and most rural areas too. For
roads and railways in southeastern Europe, complete independence, however, hiring a
travelling to Bulgaria by car, bus or train is car may be the most attractive option.
DIRECTORY
Airlines
British Airways
Tel (02) 954 7000 in Bulgaria, 0844
493 0787 in the UK. ∑ ba.com
Bulgaria Air
Tel (02) 402 0400 in Bulgaria, 020
8745 9833 in the UK.
∑ air.bg
easyJet
∑ easyJet.com
A hall at Sofia Airport, Bulgaria’s main air transport hub
NIKI
Tel (02) 491 7506 in Bulgaria,
during the Christmas and Easter
0871 5000 737 in the UK.
periods are often fully booked
well in advance. ∑ flyniki.com
Tickets for flights on low-cost Wizzair
airlines obviously offer excellent Tel 0900 63022 in Bulgaria, 0906
value, but to make the most 959 0002 in the UK.
of the lowest fares available ∑ wizzair.com
travellers should book well in
advance, preferably over the Ryanair
Internet. However, travellers Tel 0871 246 0002 in the UK.
should bear in mind that Electric train on a local route ∑ ryanair.com
additional costs, such as taxes
and buying food and drinks, likely to be higher than by air. It Airports
can whittle down the initial may also be difficult to buy a
difference in price between through ticket from western Sofia
tickets offered by regular Europe to Bulgaria. Travellers Tel (02) 937 2211.
carriers and low-cost airlines. may find is easier to buy one ∑ sofia-airport.bg
In summer, charter flights from ticket to Budapest, for example, Varna
the UK serve airports such as and another for onward travel
Tel (052) 573 323.
Varna and Burgas. Seats on these from there. From continental
∑ varna-airport.bg
flights are often only available as Europe, the principal routes to
part of a package deal. See your Bulgaria are Salzburg to Sofia via
International Rail
travel agent for advice. Zagreb and Belgrade, and
Budapest to Sofia via Belgrade
Travel
or Bucharest. Sleeping cars are The Man in Seat 61
Domestic Flights available on certain stretches. ∑ seat61.com
The only domestic flights in Approaching Bulgaria from
Bulgaria are the daily flights the south, there are direct trains Rail Europe
provided by Bulgaria Air to Sofia from Istanbul, in Turkey, Tel 08448 484 064 in the UK,
between Sofia and Varna, with a journey time of 12–13 1–800 622 8600 in the US.
on the Black Sea. Tickets are hours, and from Thessaloniki, ∑ raileurope.com
inexpensive and the flight Greece (7 hours). The best
Trainseurope
time is less than one hour. source of information in English
on train travel to Bulgaria is The Tel 0871 700 7722.
Man in Seat 61, a website run ∑ trainseurope.co.uk
Trains by rail travel enthusiasts.
Travelling to Bulgaria by train
is most suitable for those who
enjoy rail travel and who are
willing to spend at least two
days reaching their destination.
There are various routes, all of
them offering rewarding
journeys with much fine
scenery and the chance to
stop off in some interesting
cities. However, the total cost of
travelling to Bulgaria by train is Electronic departure board at Sofia’s main railway station
264 SUR VIVAL GUIDE
Travelling by Car
Exploring Bulgaria by car is an attractive option, as it gives
greater freedom and allows you to explore remoter areas of
the country that may not be well served by public transport.
However, visitors should bear in mind that fast highways are
relatively few, and that the condition of other roads often Sign for an international car- and
leaves much to be desired. It is best to avoid driving in major van-hire agency
cities such as Sofia and Varna, as traffic flow is badly organized
and time-consuming jams all too frequent. Road signs on main international car hire
main inter-city trunk roads are usually shown in both Cyrillic companies before you leave
home. Another option, if you
and Roman script. On minor roads and in rural areas, however, want to reach a remote spot not
they may be in Cyrillic only. well served by public transport,
for example, is to hire a car with
driver. You can do this through a
in the lobbies of some of the car hire company, or by asking a
larger resort hotels. Some of the taxi driver for a day rate (see p265).
small local car-hire companies
offer extremely cheap deals on
hatchbacks and other small Roads
cars, although the vehicles Although some of Bulgaria’s
themselves may not be in highways are well maintained,
the best condition. most of the country’s
To hire a car in roads are in bad
Bulgaria you must condition, so that
be over 21 and travel by road tends
must show a valid to be slow. Many
passport and valid roads have uneven
driving licence (which surfaces, ruts and potholes.
Desk of a car rental company at one of you must have held In mountain areas road
Bulgaria’s airports for a minimum of surfaces may also be
two years). You will degraded by rock falls
Car Hire also be asked to and extreme weather
By Western European standards, show your credit card conditions, such as
hiring a car in Bulgaria is or to pay a cash heavy rain and ice.
inexpensive. Many international deposit, and you Added to this,
car-hire companies have offices may require a valid and alarmingly for
at airports and in stations, and international insurance oncoming traffic, drivers
in central Sofia and other major policy. If you know you will often suddently veer from
towns and cities. Most Bulgarian need to hire a car during one side of the road to
travel agents can arrange car your stay in Bulgaria, it Stack of road signs the other so as to avoid
hire through one of the well- may be easier, but not in a town these hazards. In rural
known international companies. necessarily cheaper, to areas, motorists should
Car hire desks can also be found arrange this with one of the also be prepared to encounter
slow-moving horse- or
donkey-carts.
In winter, especially after
heavy rainfall, or when there is
snow and ice, rural roads can
be slippery and dangerous, and
along remote stretches help will
not be readily to hand should
you find yourself in difficulties.
If you are thinking of venturing
into the mountains in winter, it is
advisable to carry snow chains.
Road signs on major routes are
often in both Cyrillic and Roman
script but on minor roads they
may be in Cyrillic only. Navigation
will be much easier with the aid
Petrol station on a road in the outskirts of a town of a reliable map (see opposite).
T R AV E L I N F O R M AT I O N 267
The road to Rila Monastery, one of the better maintained stretches in Bulgaria
General Index
Architecture 28–9 Beaches 256–7
A ecclesiastical architecture 53 Ahtopol 216
Addresses 255 Arda River 144 Albena 208
Admission charges 254 Ardino 29 Black Sea coast 11, 15, 36–7
Adventure tourism 249 Arkantours 249 Golden Sands 208
Agrarian Party 55 Armenian Church (Varna) 204 Kamchiya Nature Reserve 209
Agriculture 23 Art Lozenets 216
Agushev family 134–5 Icon Painters of Samokov 110 Obzor 209
Agushev Konak (Mogilitsa) 134–5 Thracian art 45 Primorsko 216
Ahridos 145 see also Museums and galleries Sinemorets 216
Ahtopol 216 Art Gallery Sunny Beach 209
hotels 227 (Veliko Tûrnovo) 160 Sveti Sveti Konstantin and Elena 208
Air travel 262–3 Arts and Crafts Exhibition Tsarevo 216
Ak Yazula Baba Tekke 208 (Oreshak) 243 Varna 205
Aladzha Monastery 37, 208 Arts festivals 245 Bears 127
Albena 36, 37, 199, 208 Asen, Petur 47 Dancing Bear Park (Belitsa)
hotels 227 Asen I, Tsar 160, 164 125, 127
Aleko 34, 91 Asenevtsi Monument Bed and breakfast 221
Aleko Konstantinov House (Veliko Tûrnovo) 160 Belitsa 125
(Svishtov) 189 Asenova Quarter Belogradchik 13, 30, 181, 182, 185
Aleko Konstantinov Satirical (Veliko Tûrnovo) 164 hotels 226
Theatre (Sofia) 95 Asenovgrad 33 restaurants 238
Aleko mountain hut 93 Asparuh, Khan 46, 196–7 Benkovski, Georgi 152, 178
Aleksandûr Batenberg I, Prince 51, 69 Atanasov, Alexi 147 Benkovski House
Evksinograd Palace (Varna) 205 Athanius, St 208 (Koprivshtitsa) 178
Mausoleum (Sofia) 80–1 Automatic cash machines 258 Benkovski Monument
Ruse 190 Autumn in Bulgaria 40 (Ribaritsa) 152
Aleksei Slav 119, 120, 121 Avis 267 Berkovitsa 185
Alexander II, Tsar of Russia 67, 165 restaurants 238
Monument to the Tsar Liberator Berlin, Congress of (1878)
(Sofia) 80 B 51, 54, 128
Alexander the Great 43 Baba Marta 38 Beron, Dr Petûr 168
Aleksandûr Nevski, Baba Vida fortress (Vidin) 181 Bessi tribe 172
Prince of Novgorod 76 Bachkovo Beuron, Petur 50
Aleksandûr Nevski Memorial hotels 223 BikeArea 249
Church (Sofia) 12, 26, 28, restaurants 234 Birds 30–1
65, 76–7 Bachkovo Monastery 20, 21, 26, 103, birdwatching 248, 249
Street-by-Street map 67 105, 146–7 Central Balkan
Aliani community 193 Bacho Kiro Cave 165 National Park 154–5
Alma Tours 269 Bada Vida (Vidin) 184 Durankulak Lake 206
Ambulances 257 Bagpipes 131 Kamchiya Nature Reserve 209
American Express 258 Baikousheva Mura 127 Lake Poda 214
American University in Bulgaria 118 Bairakli Mosque (Samokov) Madzharovo Nature Reserve 144
Angel Kûnchev House (Tryavna) 159 49, 110, 111 Ropotamo Nature Reserve 215
Angelov, Ivan 142 Bakouriani, Abbasi 146 Sreburna Nature Reserve
Antiques shops, Sofia 94–5 Bakouriani, Grigori 146 181, 196
Apartments 220 Balchik 207 Western Rhodopes 132, 133
Apollonia 43 hotels 227 Birth of the Virgin
Apollonia Arts Festival (Sozopol) restaurants 240 (Rozhen Monastery) 40
40, 245 Baldwin of Flanders 162 Bistritsa Palace (Borovets) 111
April Rising (1876) 50, 51, 53, 178 Balkan range 30, 181 Black Peak (Cherni Vruh) 92, 93
Batak massacre 130 Balkan Wars (1912–13) 54 Black Sea coast 11, 15, 23,
Dryanovo 165 Ballet 39, 244, 245 199–217
Koprivshtitsa 149, 176–7 Banking 258–9 Bulgaria’s Coastline 36–7
Aprilitsi Mausoleum Banknotes 259 hotels 227
(Koprivshtitsa) 178 Bansko 21, 34, 35, 120–4 landscape and wildlife 30, 31
Aprilov, Vasil 52, 122 festivals 39, 40 map 200–1
Apteka Hipokrat (Plovdiv) hotels 223 Northern Black Sea
Street-by-Street map 140, 142 map 123 coast tour 206
Aquariums Pirin National Park 126, 127 restaurants 240–1
Sea Gardens (Varna) 205 restaurants 234 Strandzha Nature Park tour 217
Arapya 36 Bansko School 124 vineyards 33
Arbanasi 27, 48, 49, 166–7 Banya Bashi Mosque (Sofia) Blagoev, Dimitûr 118
restaurants 236 12, 48, 69 Blagoevgrad 118
Archaeological Museum Bars, Sofia 94, 95 festivals 40
(Nesebûr) 212 Basarab, Ioan Matei 184 hotels 223
Archaeological Museum Basarbovo Monastery 61 restaurants 234
(Plovdiv) 138 Basil the Bulgar-Slayer, Emperor Boatin Reserve
Archaeological Museum 47, 124 (Central Balkan National Park) 154
(Sofia) 12, 72–3 Batak 130, 178 Bochukovetsa, Ivan 158
Street-by-Street map 66 Batak Reservoir 130, 131 Body language 17, 253
Archaeological Museum Bats 132 Bogomils 47
(Varna) 202 Bayezid, Sultan 48 Book shops 99, 247
Archaeological Museum Bayuvi Dupki Dzhindzheritza Booking.com 221
(Veliko Tûrnovo) 161 Nature Reserve 126 Booktrading (Sofia) 95
GENERAL INDEX 271
Museums and galleries (individual) Muslims 22, 48–9, 254 Northern Bulgaria 11, 13, 181–97
(cont.) see also Mosques hotels 226
Debelyanov House map 182–3
(Koprivshtitsa) 176 restaurants 238–9
Ethnographic Museum N Novak, Anton 205
(Nesebûr) 213 Narrow-Gauge Railway tour 125 Novinite (The News) 261
Ethnographic Museum National Art Gallery (Sofia) 74–5
(Varna) 203 Street-by-Street map 66
Etura Complex 157 National Assembly (Sofia) 80 O
Georgi Bozhilov-Slona Gallery Street-by-Street map 67 Obrazopisov family 110
(Plovdiv) 140, 142 National Assembly Square (Sofia) 80 Obzor 36, 209
Hipokrat Pharmacy (Plovdiv) National Gallery of Foreign Art Odrysae tribe 43, 171
140, 142 (Sofia) 79 Odysseia-in 249
History Museum (Plovdiv) 138 Street-by-Street map 67 Ognev, Velyan 122, 123
Hristo Danov House National History Museum (Sofia) Ognyanovo 129
(Plovdiv) 139 12, 66, 75, 98–9 Ohrid 47
Icon Museum (Bansko) 124 National Liberation (1878) OK Supertrans 269
Icon Museum (Plovdiv) 140, 142 51, 128, 149 Okolchitsa 186, 187
Ivan Vazov House-Museum Alexksandûr Nevski Memorial Old Metropolitan Church
(Sofia) 66, 85 Church (Sofia) 76 (Nesebûr) 213
Kaliopa House (Ruse) 190–1 Monument to the Liberators Omurtag, Khan 164, 197
Lyutov House (Koprivshtitsa) 177 (Sofia) 67 Opening hours 252–3
Military Museum (Sofia) 80 National Movement 57 banks 258
Modern History Museum National Opera and Ballet (Sofia) 95 restaurants 228
(Veliko Tûrnovo) 161 National Palace of Culture (NDK, Sofia) shops 242
Museum of Icon-Painting 29, 87, 95 Opera 244, 247
(Tryavna) 159 National parks Sofia 94, 95
Museum of Medical History Central Balkan 149, 152, 154–5 Verdi Festival 39
(Varna) 204 Pirin 126–7 Orange (Sofia) 95
Museum of the National Revival Rila 108–9 Orlov most (Eagle Bridge, Sofia) 81
and Constituent Assembly National Polytechnic Museum Orpheus 43, 44, 132
(Veliko Tûrnovo) 161 (Sofia) 70 Orthodox Church 22, 26–7, 50, 254
Museum of Socialist Art (Sofia) National Revival 21, 24, 50, 52–3, 103 Icon Painters of Samokov 110
86–7 architecture 29 Icons and Iconography 78
National Art Gallery (Sofia) Black Sea coast 199 see also Monasteries
66, 74–5 Dryanovo 165 Oshanetsa, Dimitûr 158
National Gallery of Foreign Art Koprivshtitsa 176, 179 Oslekov, Nincho 53, 179
(Sofia) 63, 79 Kordopulov House (Melnik) 121 Oslekov House (Koprivshtitsa) 29, 53,
National History Museum Neofit Rilski 122 149, 179
(Sofia) 12, 66, 75, 98–9 Pantheon of National Revival Heroes Osman Pasha 189
National Polytechnic Museum (Ruse) 191 Ostrusha 45
(Sofia) 70 Rila Monastery 112–15 Ottoman Turks 21, 48–9, 50–1, 103
Natural History Museum Samokov 110 architecture 29
(Plovdiv) 139 National Revival Complex Orthodox Church 26
Naval Museum (Varna) 204 (Balchik) 207 Young Turks 54
Nedkovich House (Plovdiv) National Theatre (Sofia) 85 Outdoor activities 246–9
141, 142 Street-by-Street map 66
Neofit Rilski House-Museum NATO 57
(Bansko) 122–3 Natural History Museum P
Nikola Vaptsarov House-Museum (Plovdiv) 139 Paisii of Hilendar, Father 49, 52, 122
(Bansko) 124 Naum, St 26, 46–7, 78, 85 Palace of Queen Marie (Balchik) 207
Oslekov House (Koprivshtitsa) Naval Museum (Varna) 204 Pamporovo 34, 35, 135
179 Nebet Tepe (Plovdiv) 143 hotels 223
Peyu Yavorov Museum (Sofia) 86 Nedkovich House (Plovdiv) 142 restaurants 235
Philippopolis Art Gallery Street-by-Street map 141 Panorama (Pleven) 189
(Plovdiv) 142 Neff, Daniel 84 Pantheon (Kotel) 168, 169
Raikov House (Tryavna) 158 Neofit Rilski House-Museum (Bansko) Pantheon of National Revival Heroes
Red House (Sofia) 81 122–3 (Ruse) 191
Regional History Museum Neolithic Dwellings Paragliding 257
(Ruse) 190 (Stara Zagora) 170 Parangalitsa Reserve 109
Shkoloto (Tryavna) 158 Nesebûr 15, 19, 23, 28, 43, 199, 212–13 Parks and gardens
Slaveykov House (Tryavna) 158–9 hotels 227 Borisova Gradina (Sofia) 84
State Gallery of Fine Arts map 213 Botanical Garden (Sofia) 67, 79
(Plovdiv) 142 restaurants 240 City Garden (Sofia) 85
Transport Museum (Ruse) 191 New Metropolitan Church Sveti Stefan Evksinograd Palace (Varna) 205
Treasury Museum (Nesebûr) 212 Palace of Queen Marie (Balchik) 207
(Rila Monastery) 114 New Year’s Day 41 Sea Gardens (Varna) 205
Velyanov House (Bansko) 123 Newspapers 261 Party House (Sofia) 74
Zahari Stoyanov Museum Nicholas, St 78 Street-by-Street map 66
(Ruse) 190 Nightclubs 245 Paskalev, Aleksandûr 144
Music Nikephorus I, Emperor 47 Paskalevata Kûshta (Haskovo) 144
classical music, opera and Nikola Vaptsarov House-Museum Passports 252
dance 244, 245 (Bansko) 124 lost or stolen 256
festivals 38, 39, 40 Nikolov, Andrey 81 Pazvantoglu, Osman 184
folk music and dance 25, 245 Nikopol 189 Peeshti Skali Reserve (Central
gaida (bagpipes) 131 Nikopolis ad Istrum 21, 28, Balkan National Park) 155
shops 95, 243 46, 149, 166 Pernik 106
Sofia 94, 95 Nikopolis ad Nestrum 128 festivals 41
276 GENERAL INDEX
Acknowledgments
Hachette Livre Polska would like to thank the following Special Assistance
staff at Dorling Kindersley: The Publishers would like to thank the staff at shops,
museums, hotels, restaurants and other organizations in
Publisher Bulgaria for their invaluable help. Particular thanks go to:
Douglas Amrine Jolanta Antczak at BE&W; Ilian Dimitrov at PhotoTresor (AZ
Press OOD); Desislava Haytova at Bulgaria Photos Net; Beata
List Managers
Ibrahim at Corbis; Carlo Irek at 4Corners Images, Tim
Vivien Antwi, Christine Stroyan,
Kantoch at Photolibrary Group; Nevena Nikolova at
Managing Art Editor Unofficial Info site of the Museum Town Koprivshtitza; Csilla
Jane Ewart Pataky at Cartographia Ltd., Budapest; Boryana Punchewa,
Director of the Bulgarian Institute of Culture in Warsaw;
Senior Editor Milena Trapcheva at Sofia Photo Agency (Novinite Ltd).
Hugh Thompson
Photography Permissions
Designers The Publishers would like to thank all those who gave
Kate Leonard, Karen Constanti permission to photograph at musuems, palaces,
churches, restaurants, hotels, shops and other sights too
Map Co-ordinator numerous to list individually. Particular thanks go to: Iliya
Casper Morris Chernev, Executive Secretary of the International Bagpipe
Festival in Shiroka Laka; Grazyna Chroszcz at
DTP Manager Fotodesigner; Emil Iliev, General Manager of the
Natasha Lu, Jamie McNeill International Jazz Festival in Bansko; ImagesFromBulgaria.
com; Katya Ivanova at Strandja Nature Park Directorate;
Additional Picture Research
Yassen Jekoff, photographer; Bisjera Josifova at National
Rachel Barber, Marta Bescos Sanchez, Ellen Root
Art Gallery in Sofia; Martin Mitov, photographer; Ivan
Production Controller Pajkinski, Director of the Museum of History, Vratza;
Rumiana Pashaliyska Director of the National Museum of
Linda Dare
Literature in Sofia; Peter Petrov, photographer; Ana
Rousseva, International Relations Officer at Apollonia Art
DORLING KINDERSLEY would like to thank all those whose
Foundation; Diana Terzieva at Central Balkan National
contributions and assistance have made the preparation
Park Directorate; Maria Vassileva, Chief Curator at Sofia Art
of this book possible: Gallery; Kosu Zareb, Director of the Historical Museum in
Kazanlak.
Main Contributors
Jonathan Bousfield, Matt Willis Picture Credits
t=top; tc=top centre; tr=top right; tl=top left; cla=centre
Factchecker
left above; ca=centre above; cra=centre right above;
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Indexer
Hilary Bird The Publishers are grateful to the following individuals,
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Phrase Book
In the Phrase Book, the English is given in the left-hand for ease of use. Because of the existence of genders in
column, with the Bulgarian in the middle column. Bulgarian, in a few cases both masculine and feminine
The right-hand column provides a transliteration. forms of a phrase are given.The Phrase Book gives a
The exception is in the Menu Decoder section, phonetic guide to the pronunciation of words and phrases
where the Bulgarian is given in the left-hand column used in everyday situations, such as when
and the English translation in the right-hand column, eating out or shopping.
Useful Words
big голям golyam
In Emergency small малък malak
hot горещ goresht
Help! Помощ! Pomosht! cold студен studen
Stop! Спрете! Sprete! good добър dobar
Look out! Внимавайте! Vnimavayte! bad лош losh
Call a doctor! Извикайте лекар! Izvikayte lekar! enough достатъчно dostatachno
Call an ambulance! Извикайте Izvikayte lineyka! well добре dobre
линейка! open отворен otvoren
Call the police! Обадете се Obadete se closed затворен zatvoren
на полицията! na politziyata! left ляво lyavo
PHRASE BOOK 283