Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PSTAJan June Finale PDF
PSTAJan June Finale PDF
Rosie R. Almocera
Geraldine B. Ducusin
Jeffrey T. Centeno
Albert Joseph S.P. de los Santos
PHILIPPINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ABSTRACTS
Bimonthly classified abstracts of the latest Philippine publications in the field of science and technology
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AGRICULTURE 0001-0164
BIOLOGY 0165-0198
BOTANY 0199-0204
CHEMISTRY 0205-0228
COMPUTER SCIENCE 0229-0231
ECOLOGY 0232-0239
EDUCATION 0240-0246
ENGINEERING 0247-0374
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 0375-0380
FISHERIES 0381-0405
FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 0406-0408
FORESTRY 0409-0473
GENETICS 0474-0477
GEOLOGY 0478-0479
HEALTH AND WELLNESS 0480-0482
INDUSTRY 0483-0484
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY 0485-0486
LIVELIHOOD 0487
MARINE SCIENCE 0488-0497
MATHEMATICS 0498
MEDICINE 0499-0553
NUTRITION 0554
PHYSICS 0555-0558
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 0559-0569
SOCIAL SCIENCES 0570-0587
Published by:
0001 Accelerating doubled haploid line generation in rice through anther culture medium
modification. Macabale, Sharon S., Villalba, Wilhelmina E., Chico, Martha V., Romano, Lenie
P., Desamero, Nenita V., Julaton, Maria Corazon N., Sta. Maria, Laila B.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :293-294
In this study, we evaluated two anther culture callus induction media, 2,4-D
(MNK) and phenylacetic acid (PAA)-enriched (P10NB) medium, in ten rice
genotypes distributed over three planting seasons. Results indicated that the
relative advantage of using either one of the media depends on the genotype.
At least 50% of the genotypes formed more calli in PAA-enriched medium.
With PAA, plants can be generated from cultured anthers, directly, that is,
without transferring to regeneration medium, referred to as one-stepmethod. In
contrast, the two-step method requires transfer of call used explant from callus
induction to regeneration medium. Higher frequency of green plant
regeneration was recorded in P10NB compared with MNK. Some genotypes
performed better in P10NB one-step, while others in two-step method. More
plantlets per anther and more fertile doubled haploid plants were obtained
from PAA-enriched medium, with better response in two-step method. Initial
assessment indicates that the doubled haploid plants regenerated from P10NB
matured earlier than those regenerated from MNK. More so, the doubled
haploid plants from P10NB-one step matured earlier than those from two-step
method. This resulted in the shortening of the seed to seed cycle period from
anther source establishment to R1 seed harvest of regenerated doubled
haploids plants. Although better responses were observed in the two-step, the
one-step method has the advantage of economizing the culture medium
requirement, its chemical components, and the time and labor spent for
medium preparation. (Author\'s abstract)
0002
Adapting plants to marginal environments:. Javier, Emil Q.. Scientia Filipinas, , 2(1):18-26
For six years, 25 million peasants and tribe members on the Western African
Coast waited for seasonal rains, the source of their livelihood. When the
heavens denied them of this vital showers, they waited for the second season,
the third; the fourth; the fifth. For six successive seasons, rainfall was, at best,
exiguous. Forced to consume their seeds, these people were unable to plant
again. So this flat tropical area that once produced the strongest of African
warriors were left barren and desolate after a loss of life not less than a
hundred thousand. This scenario merely indicates a proportion of the food
crisis which the world is becoming conscious of: as pressure for food increase,
man is forced to grow crops under less hospitable environments. In the
Philippines, 47% of the total rice area alone is rainfed lowland, depending
solely on monsoons to maintain flooded field conditions. The urgent need of
the times and the greatest challenge to plant breeders, the author expounds, is
to develop varieties that adapt themselves to less than ideal or marginal
environments.
Agriculture. Plant breeding. Marginal environments.
Agriculture. Biotechnology.
0004 Alley cropping system in sloping lands. Paningbatan, Eduardo P., Maglinao, Amado
R., Alamban, Raul B.. Technology!, , 18(2):1-28
0005
Anthurium for cutflower production. Valmayor, Helen L.. Technology!, , 10(3):1-16
The growing of anthurium for cutflowers has a great potential for the
world\'s cutflower market. Anthurium growing has been gaining popularity and
acceptance by cutflower growers in the Philippines for several reasons. The
flower has attractive colors such as red, pink, orange, coral, white and
combinations of green with other colors. Being waxy and glossy, the flower has
a very long vase life which may extend to three weeks or more at room
temperature, thus making the flower ideal for the exportmarket.
In the Philippines, many flower growers raise anthuriums because they
are easy to culture, propagate and market.
Known for its comparatively high potential in terms of financial return per
unit area, anthurium growing is suitable for compact backyard livelihood
projects that would benefit many individuals. Furthermore, the cutflower
industry, being labor intensive, could provide remedies to the country\'s rising
unemployment problem.
0006 Approaches in developing ringspot virus resistant papaya. Villegas, Violeta N.. Transactions
of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :63-70
0007 Aspect of biology and conservation of the Philippine Cockatoo Cacatua haematuropygia on
Rasa Island, Palawan, Philippines
. Widmann, Peter, Lacerna, Indira D., Diaz, Siegfred H. Silliman Journal, , 42(2):129-148
0008
Backyard fattening of cattle. Technology!, , 3(2):1-12
Small farmers can make extra income by raising a head or two of cattle in
their backyards. For a 180-day fattening period, a farmer can earn a net return
of P 843.00/head from quality feeder stock.
Batangas farmers are famous for their cattle fattening practice which
results in production of high quality beef known in trade as "Batangas beef" or
"Philippine prime beef." This beef commands premium price in the market
because it is good quality beef in terms of marbling quality and yellow fat.
Aside from giving supplementary income to farmers, backyard feedlot
fattening provides these opportunities:
1. The project gives employment to the farmer and the members of his
family year-round.
2. Farm crop residues, weeds and other forage crop which otherwise go to
waste are utilized effectively to feed the animals.
3. The feedlot fattening technology is simple. Space requirement to house
the animal is minimal and inexpensive. Animals are less predisposed to
disease and care and management requirements are relatively simple and
easy to adopt.
The technology if widely practiced can boost the beef cattle industry and
help meet the urgent demand for high protein food in the Filipino diet in
accordance with the food and nutrition program of the government.
Agriculture. Beef cattle fattening.
0009 Banana propagation by shoot culture. Magnaye, Lydia V., Zamora, Alfinetta B., Escobido,
Encarnacion O.. Technology!, , 17(1):1-22
0010 The batch-continuous process of converting crude coconut oil to edible oil. Bandojo, R.B. The
Technician, , 1(1):31-43
A study of refined oil copra and "gata" using the batch-continuous process
of Edible Oil Refining Process showed that the process yields acceptable
edible oil having free-fatty acids of 0.07%; moisture content .09%; color .1/1 or
one red per ten yellow. The process is more adaptable to the processing of
"gata."
0011 Beef production and carrying capacity of intensively managed grass and grass-legume
pastures. Saniel, Jr., M.F., Pepito, E.A.. CMU Journal of Science and Technology, ,
3(1):203-241
0012 Binary formulation of local whiteware bodies by slip casting. Rivera Virtudazo, Raymond
V., Burgos, Celia, Cacao, Mayflor, Dejeto, Rodrigo V.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :365
In the Ilocos region, the abundance of white clay explains the need to
investigate, utilize and develop the raw material for earthenware products.
White clays in Solsona have been studied using ternary formulation in which it
passed the physical standard for earthenware bodies.
Wet screen method was used to homogenize the particle size and remove
bigger size of organic materials present in the clay. Improvise radio magnet
was also used in order to get or minimize iron content present in the local
white clay.
Four (4) formulations were tested (90:10, 80:20, 75:25, and 70:30 of clay
o o o
feldspar ratio). The test specimen was fired at 850 C, 950 C and 1050 C. It
was conducted to determine the physical (fire) properties and evaluate the
formulated bodies for earthenware product.
0013 Blood protein polymorphisms and association with some morphological characters in different
breed groups of goats (Capra hircus) in the Philippines. Bondoc, Orville L., Solis, Chester
D., Garcia, Beatriz R., Beltran, Elizabeth D., Salces, Agapita H., Cruz, Emilio C., Lambio, Ivy
Amor F., Tec, John Daniel P.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :307-308
The genetic characteristics of 516 goats from the Philippines Goat Breed
Registry were analyzed using the biochemical polymorphic loci controlling
blood protein. Blood proteins from heparinized blood samples of goats
belonging to different breed groups (i.e. purebred Anglo Nublan, Boeer,
Saanen, Toggenburg, Native, and crosses among them) were examined using
vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Mature weights and some
body measurements (i.e. body length, wither height, heart girth, midriff girth,
flank girth, head length, and head width) of the animals were also determined.
The electrophoretic typing revealed variations at the protein level attributable
to six polymorphic loci [i.e. albumin (Alb), a2-microglobulin (Sa2), hemoglobin
(hb), esterase (Est), alkaline phospatase (Alp), and carbolic anhydrase (Ca)]
between different breed groups. Assuming autosomal codominant genes, the
gene frequencies of the polymorphic protein loci were calculated from which
measures of genetic variability and genetic distances were estimated. Genetic
distances between goat breeds ranged from 0.007 to 0.076. Significant
differences (P<.01) between breeds were also found for the various
morphological characters. The computed least square means of the
parameters were used to establish performance standards for each breed
group. Using a univariate linear animal model that included the fixed effects of
breed and sex and the random effects of farm location and individual additive
genetic values, the genotypic effects of blood proteins on morphological
measurements both between and within breeds were found to be small to
moderate. While information on some biochemical polymorphic markers is
found useful to clarify genetic constitution and characteristics of registered
goats, more data will be needed to confirm the effects of the genotypes on
production and reproduction traits, before blood protein genotypes can be
considered in the selection of breeding animals. (Author\'s abstract)
0014 Border effect on sugarcane variety trials. Barredo, A.T.. Victorias Agricultural Research
Reports, , 22-31:35-47
Specific effects of four border treatments on brix, stalk counts and plot
weights of VMC67-611 and Phil56-226 were computed by manipulation of data
gathered from the inside 6r x 7m of a 10r x 11 meter experimental plot. These
effects were, when one (T11), two (T12) border rows were discarded or rejected
for consideration of data. Similarly, effects of discarding one (T21), two (T22)
and three (T23) meter border ends were computed using data collected from
half of the plot (T2) or from the first 3 rows of the 6r x 7m inside plot.
Results show that brix was the most affected character. VMC67-611, as a
border, depressed brix content of Phil56-226 while Phil56-226 improved that of
VMC67-611. Stalk counts and plot weights were not significantly affected. Only
when half of the plot was used as a reference (T2) did the border treatments
(subplot) appear to have a significant effect on plot weight. The effect was
reduced to non-significance when 1 meter border end was discarded (T21).
0015 Cage culture of juvenile seahorses, Hippocampus kuda, in the Philippines. Santos, Melchor
A.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :319
0016
Cassava storage for small farmers. Technology!, , 6(2):1-11
Agriculture.
0017
Charcoal as supplementary fuel for cement production. Technology!, , 4(5):1-12
0018 Chemical characteristics of rice wine residue as affected by drying air temperature. Villaver,
Ma. Consolacion L., Candelaria, Nestor M., Ayap, Juma Novie B.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :311-312
Rice wine has great potential in the Philippine market. However, with it
comes the big bulk of residue that is generally discarded; a by-product that
may still have some economic uses. This study was conducted to evaluate the
chemical composition of the residue, and develop an optimum drying condition
o
for better storage. Three drying temperatures (50, 60 and 70 C) and mass
thickness (5, 10 and 15 mm) were evaluated together with their effect on
proximate composition, calcium and phosphorus contents. As expected the
thinner the mass being dried, the faster was the rate of drying. However, this
directly proportional relationship was not distincly observed between
temperature and drying time. The drying temperatures did not significantly
affect the proximate composition and phosphorous content. Results showed a
mean of 18.33% moisture content, 0.60% crude ash, 3.53% crude fat, 0.17%
crude fiber, 16.65% crude protein, 60.72% nitrogen-free extract and 0.12%
phosphorous. Calcium content, on the other hand, was significantly higher
(2.42%) when 50oC was used for drying. These data will give some baseline
information for future studies on the feasibility of using rice wine residue as
feeds or a component of feeds. (Author\'s abstract)
0019
Chemical induction of flowering in mango. Technology!, , 2(11):1-12
Mango is one of the most popular and important fruits of the Philippines. As
an export crop, its full potential is yet to be exploited. But the crop is notorious
for its erratic flowering and highly seasonal bearing habits.
Mango growers have traditionally smudged trees to induce off-season
flowering. Smudging is the building of smoky fires under the trees and letting
the dense smoke pass through the tree canopy. This practice, however, is
laborious, very unreliable, not widely accepted and hazardous.
Research conducted by horticulturists in UP at Los Banos led to the
discovery of flower inducing chemicals and the development of technology for
off-season mango production. The use of flower inducers is simpler, more
convenient, effective and profitable than smudging.
The most common chemicals used contain potassium nitrate (KNO3) and
are available in commercial quantities locally. Now, the technology is widely
practiced throughout the country resulting in the lengthening of the mango
season, improved productivity of mango trees, and increased farm income.
To commercial growers the technology offers a conservative net income
within four months of P36,307 per hectare with 50 full-grown trees compared
with only P2,976 per hectare in crops in which no flower inducers are used.
For sustained yields, flower inducers should not be applied indiscriminately.
Trees to be induced should be properly selected and recommended practices
such as pest and disease control and fertilization should be followed. Irrigation
may be employed if this is economically feasible.
0020 Chemical ripening of sugarcane with glyphosate ripeners. Gonzales, Manuel Y. , Tianco,
Antonio P.. Victorias Agricultural Research Reports, , 16-21:18-29
Two glyphosate ripeners at 0.22, 0.45, 0.67 and 1.12 kg a.i./ha were
evaluated together with Polaris at 6 and 12 kg commercial product/ha using a
plant crop of Phil56-226 sprayed eight weeks before harvest. The trial was laid
out in a RCB design with three replications and a plot size of 4 rows x 8
meters.
Symptoms of plants treated with Mon 0139 and Mon 2139 are yellowing of
the leaf blades starting from the midrib and advancing toward the margin,
shortening of internodes and emerging of several side shoots from a single
bud.
Mon 0139 at 0.67 and 1.12 kg a.i./ha and Mon 2139 at the same rates
gave significant increases in PS/TC over the control of 14.8, 14.8, 15.4 and
16.0 percent respectively. Polaris at the two rates used had no significant
effect on rendement. In general, the cane tonnage of treated plots that gave a
good response was lower by about 5 percent compared to the control though
this was not significant under the conditions of the experiment.
In the ratoon, the new chemicals had no adverse effect on germination
percentage, tiller number, and height at rates up to 0.67 kg a.i./ha. However,
as in the plant crop, average cane tonnage of the ratoon of plots treated with
glyphosate in the plant crop was lower by about 12 percent compared to the
control which difference was not significant under the conditions of the
experiment.
There is a need to evaluate further the effect of glyphosate on the ratoon at
one and two times the anticipated use rate in the plant crop.
In a similar study on a plant crop of VMC67-611, Mon 2139 at 0.67 kg
a.i./ha increased significantly PS/TC by 27.3 percent over the control. No
significant differences were observed on weight per stalk between the treated
and untreated plots.
0021 Chinese cabbage seed production through artificial vernalization. Bongato, Elena
P.. Technology!, , 10(5):1-16
0022 Chromosomes of gobies from Taal Lake, Luzon. Masagca, Jimmy T., Ordoñez, II, Jose
A.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :324
Initial findings indicate that O. aporos and G. giurus both showed diploid
chromosome number of 2n=46 similar with the eleotrids: Oxyeleotris
marmoratus, Eleotris acanthopomus and Dorminator maculatus. The
snakehead gudgeon, O. aporos has a tentative Nomen Fondemental (NF) of
48 (2 bi-armed chromosomes and 44 mono-armed chromosomes), while G.
giurus has NF of 46, confirming the previous works. The other goby (G.
celebricus) inclusive in the present study, has a tentative diploid chromosome
number of 2n = 44. (Author\'s abstract)
0023 Coal trade prospects in selected countries in east and southeast asia around the year
2000. Puno, Recto H.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 5(2):150-160
Countries in East and Southeast Asia feel the need of resorting back to
coal as a major source of energy. Most of the projected requirements would
have to be imported from outside the region which would entail a tremendous
amount by the year 2000. But economies of scale in ocean shipping exist and
a substantial reduction of cost can be achieved using bigger vessels. This
paper looks into the possibility that economies of scale could justify
construction of one or more transshipment depots in the region at which large
loads from the supply sources are broken up and re-distributed in small
vessels to small consumers. (Author\'s abstract)
0024
Coffee rejuvenation. Cabangbang, Ruben P.. Technology!, , 12(3):1-16
Rejuvenated 40-year-old Robusta Coffee trees can still give, in less than
two years, yield comparable to the newly established coffee plantation.
About 92% of the coffee growers are small farmers with less than 10-ha
landholding. They contribute about 58% to the total coffee production of the
country.
Yield of coffee in the Philippines is one of the lowest in the world. It
averages only 0.4 kg/tree per year or 400 kg green beans/ha per year
compared with 3 t green beans/ha per year in other coffee-producing
countries. The factors that contribute to the low yield of Robusta coffee are
maintenance of old, tall trees and wide planting spaces.
An extensive study showed that rejuvenated 40-year-old Robusta trees can
still give, in less than two years, yield comparable to the newly established
coffee plantation.
A hectare of old, tall trees gives a yield of 0.3-1.5 t green beans per year,
while a hectare of rejuvenated coffee plantation gives a yield of 1-3 t green
beans per year.
0025 Comparative study of papaya mite control strategies. Velasco, Clara J., Arano,
Benjamin, Pableo, Fe B.. Plant Industry Bulletin, , 9(2):47-52
0026 Comparison of latex preservation of different para rubber clones with the use of
ammonia. Callano, Reynaldo S., Fordan, Estrella M.. USM Research Journal, , 3(1):46-52
0027
Make composting easy with trichoderma. Technology!, , 9(5):1-16
The use of fungus compost activator offers a solution to the waning interest
of farmers in the use of organic fertilizers.
Composting is not a new technology but the discovery of Trichoderma, a
fungus compost activator, is a breakthrough in organic farming.
The technology was a result of basic and applied researches carried out by
the Institute of Biological Sciences of the University of the Philippines at Los
Banos (UPLB-IBS) in collaboration with the Institute of Environment Science
and Management (IESAM), also at UPLB, and the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST).
In places where there are sufficient waste materials for composting, it is
cheaper to produce organic fertilizer than buying commercial inorganic
fertilizer. One ton of mature compost amounting to P266.25 can substitute
85.62 kg ammonium sulfate, 31.50 kg ordinary superphosphate and 29.40 kg
muriate of potash which cost a total of P374.65. Thus, for every ton of compost
fertilizer, a savings of P108.40 can be realized if hired labor is used, or
P214.65 using family labor. Moreover, compost is a good soil conditioner
which cannot be equaled by chemical fertilizers.
Agriculture. Composting. Trichoderma. Organic farming.
0028 Converting household waste into a resource for food production and soil rejuvenation. Aganon,
Clarita P., Romero, Ellen S., Mercado, Alfonso, Burleigh, James
R., Chin-Hua-Ma. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology
Philippines, , :310
0029
Cotton production. Technology!, , 4(1):1-12
0030 Cultural management of exportable foliage plants. Nicdao, Amelia M., Gabertan, Herminigilda
A.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :297
0031 Deleting a species from a pest checklist is not simple. Caasi-lit, Merdelyn T., Apricho, Ma.
Amabel A., Lit, Jr., Ireneo L., Bernardo, Christopher DC.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :286
Agriculture.
0032 Density of sowing anthocephalus chinensis (Lank). rich ex. walp seeds. Bholachai,
P., Domingo, I.L.. The Pterocarpus: A Philippine Science Journal of Forestry, , :68-70
Damping-off.
0033 Development of new papaya ringspot virus coat protein and replicase gene constructs for
papaya transformation. Aquino, Vermando M., Perez, Pierriden A., Flasinski,
Stanislaw. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology
Philippines, , :302-303
0034 Development of quick and efficient screenhouse testing for nematode resistance and salt
tolerance for transgenic rice.. Gergon, Evelyn B., Galam, Dominique, Rosario, Marischelle
M., Aldemita, Rhodora R.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :290
0035 The diversity of onion arthropod fauna in Nueva Ecija. Peñalba, Fredelino P., Adorada,
Jessamyn R., Padilla, Carlos L., Cayabyab, Bonifacio F., Bayot, Rolando G., Aquino, Alice
G.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :285
The diversity of onion arthropod fauna in Nueva Ecija was studied from
December 1999 to March 2000 in the towns of Gabaldon, Laur Bongabon, and
Pantabangan. A standard sweep net with 50 sweeps per plot replicated three
times was done in three farmers field per location. Other arthropods were
visually counted and collected. Sorting and identification was done at the Plant
Quarantine Support Laboratory, NCPC – UP Los Baños.
0036 Documentation of descriptive morphology of mango varieties and other fruit crops. Dannug,
Danilo T.. Plant Industry Bulletin, , 8(1):1-75
Result of the study conducted in the four (4) National Crop Research and
Development Center namely; Davao, La Granja, Los Banos, and Baguio;
stations of the Department of Agriculture and farm cooperators showed
fourteen (14) species with 44 varieties and 32 citrus (scion/stock trees)
evaluated and characterized.
For mango, Manila Super Mango exhibited the best qualities from the 12
varieties evaluated. Its characteristic features like firm flesh, delicate, very
juicy, aromatic, spicy, very sweet and thin seeded made it promising. It has
o
total soluble solids of 20.5 brix. This is followed by Pico and Pahutan in
o
respect to sweetness, registered at 18.2 and 18.0 brix. For Avocado, Calma
variety exhibited the highest in gram weight, of 611 grams as compared to De
Leon which is 405 grams but both have good eating quality. The two varieties
of Caimito (Lunti and Lila) all commendable because both have distinct quality
taste. For cashew, a strain Quezon, Palawan proved very promising because
of its kernel weight of 5.8 and 4.4 grams as compared to other evaluated trees
which have less than 3 grams. Sao Manila for chico recorded the highest in
o
TSS at 20 brix and 166 grams compared to other varieties evaluated. For
Guava, the Vietnam variety registered the highest in weight followed by
seedless variety which recorded 1200 and 1000 grams average of 10 fruits,
respectively. Both ave good eating quality. Katasim and Dulce of Guayabano
are both promising because both are preferred for juices and processing while
the latter is good as table food. For jackfruit, a selection from Mandawe
Experiment Station proved promising as it exhibited 12 kilograms of weight
with good eating quality. This is the MES-SO1 now included in the Philippine
Seed Board for Fruits. For Lanzones, Paete variety is proved to be more
sweeter and of greater number per bunch than the Duku variety. Seematjan
variety of Rambutan exhibited the best qualities from the two others evaluated
o
because of 18 brix TSS and bigger in size. However, Maharlika variety is very
juicy but both have firm flesh texture. These are the tuklapin varieties.
Gillette Navel and Clementine proved to be sweeter from the rest of the
o
citrus scion/stock relation trees ranging from 10 to 11.75 brix. Gillette Navel
however proved to be the largest in fruit size from 379.9 to 435.2 grams.
0037
DRIS. Escano, Crisanto R.. Scientia Filipinas, , 1(1):58-61
0038 Effect of cooking method on amylopectin staling as monitored by Instron Hardness. Juliano,
Bienvenido O., Roferos, Leslie T.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 128(3):253-258
Agriculture.
0039 Effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus applied singly and combined on the growth
and flower yield of gladiolus (Gladiolus spp). Calibo Cecilia N., Gabertan, Herminigilda
A.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :292
The study was conducted at the Bureau of Plant Industry-Los Baños
National Crop Research and Development Center, Los Baños, Laguna. The
study aimed to identify the best rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers
applied singly and combined on the performance of gladiolus (Red Long
variety) particularly on flower quality and corn yield and to evaluate the
economic profitability of the nitrogen and phosphorus applied at different rates.
Plant parameters were statistically analyzed following the Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results of the study
showed that for single element, plants that were fertilized with phosphorus
(0-60-0) produced the most number of floret with a mean of 9, the longest
spike with a mean of 66.95 cm. the biggest corn equatorial with a mean of 4.5
cm and the tallest plant with a mean of 56.04 cm. Plants given phosphorus at a
rate of 0-30-0 produced the biggest diameter of floret with a mean of 10.53 cm.
Treatment combinations of N and P at a rate of 30-90-0 produced the most
number of florets with a mean of 9, the biggest floret with a mean of 10.25 cm
and the longest spike with a mean of 65.68 cm, the biggest corn equatorial
with a mean of 4.54 cm while the rate of 30-30-0 gave the tallest plant with a
mean of 56.87 cm. Plants fertilized at a rate of 30-60-0 yielded the highest
number of corns with a mean of 260,000 corns per hectare. The highest
computed net benefit was recorded in plants fertilized with N and P at the rate
of 30-60-0 with P 386,357.00. (Author\'s abstract)
0040 Effect of different planting methods on growth and yield of 71-238, 56-226 and 74-527. Barredo,
A.T., Palasol, H.V.. Victorias Agricultural Research Reports, , 22-31:67-83
0041 Effect of glyphosate ripener on growth response and sugar yield of sugarcane. Tianco,
A.P., Gonzales, M.Y.. Victorias Agricultural Research Reports, , 22-31:11-28
Two small plot field trials were conducted in Victoria, Negros to evaluate
the effect of glyphosate ripener as the Mon 2139 formulation using full test
analysis of stalks partitioned from the top downward and by expressing results
on a per cane basis.
There was an average increase of 26% in grams sucrose per stalk with 0.3
kg ai/ha Mon 2139 with relatively mature 8-mo. old variety Phil 56-226 at
spraying 6 weeks before harvest. Sugar increase was not accompanied by a
reduction in the weight per stalk. Spraying immature 8-mo. old cane of the
same variety 8 weeks before harvest with 0.6 kg ai/ha resulted in a 21%
increase in sucrose per stalk. This increase would have been higher had the
stalk weight not been reduced by 4%.
Partitioning of stalks showed that while increases in "pol % cane" or
sucrose % dry matter were greatest in the top portion (internodes 7-15, the
bottom section can account for for a large part (30-70%) of the sucrose
increase because of the bigger weight of this portion and by a process of
"loading" whereby sucrose accumulates even in the more mature parts of the
stalk. This storage of sucrose is paralleled by an actual increase in total
dissolved solids with little or no increase in juice purity.
There was no adverse effect on ratoon germination, tillering, and height
with 0.3 kg ai/ha Mon 2139 in one site and regrowth is not expected to be a
problem in the other location because there was little or no reduction in the
stalk weight and length of the plant crop at this rate. The effects of glyphosate
on ratoon regrowth and sugar yield require further study.
0042 Effect of grass type and cattle grazing on soil compaction in the upper talavera river
basin. Sims, Bruce D.. The Pterocarpus: A Philippine Science Journal of Forestry, ,
:53-55
The study was conducted in the Upper Talavera watershed in Nueva Ecija
to investigate the interrelationship of grass type, cattle grazing, and soil
compaction on range land.
The data indicated that ungrazed areas of Themeda triandra Frosk. (2.43
2 2
kg/cm ) and Imperata cylindrica (Linn) Beauv (1.30 kg/cm ) were substantially
2
less compacted than overgrazed areas of Themeda (3.48 kg/cm ) and
2
Imperata (4.03 kg/cm ). The data also indicated that the ungrazed Themeda
was more compacted than the ungrazed Impreta. In addition, the pocket
penetrometer appeared to give good results with a minimum of effort and could
easily be used by land managers to help determine proper grazing capacities.
(Author\'s abstract)
0043 The effect of household detergent on the deterioration of hand-cut cane in the field. Serra,
R.J., Tianco, A.P.. Victorias Agricultural Research Reports, , 32-41:36-43
The rate of sugarcane deterioration after cutting under warm and humid
field condition was apparently high as invert sugar content increased
significantly with the number of days delay from harvesting to milling.
Correspondingly, the bacterial population recovered from the juice also
increased while the sucrose content decreased. The deterioration rate was
significant two days after harvest and thereafter. Losses ranged from 8.0 kg
sugar/ton cane after two days to as much as 24.8 kg sugar/ton cane after
seven days.
In another experiment, a thorough wetting of the cane stalks by spraying
with a household detergent inhibited inversion of sucrose and increased
recovery by an average of 17 kg sugar/ton cane after a delay of 1-6 days.
Bacterial population recovered from the juice of the treated cane was kept at a
significantly lower population than the control until the fourth day.
0044 The effect of nitric acid (HNO3) treatment on the germination and yield of corn. Nequin, Merlyn
N., Baltazar, Remy B., Clarete, Celso L.. USM Research Journal, , 2(2):31-38
0045 Effect of volume and time or application of distillery slops on the growth and cane and sugar
yield of sugarcane. Gonzales, M.Y., Tianco, A.P.. Victorias Agricultural Research Reports,
, 32-41:14-35
Two small-plot field trials were conducted to determine the effect of various
concentrations/volumes of distillery slops and the best time of slops application
on the growth and yield of plant and ratoon cane.
3
Distillery slops at the rates of 83,166 and 249m /ha. in addition to the
regular fertilization significantly increased cane yield of the plant crop of Phil
56-226 by 12.3, 10.4 and 10.4% over the fertilizer control, respectively. PS/TC
or juice quality was not adversely affected by addition of distillery slops. Cane
3
plants applied with slops at the rate of 249m slops/ha. had significantly 5.5
and 4.2% higher PS/TC than the control and 83m slops/ha. treatment,
respectively. Distillery slops at the rates of 83, 166 and 249m /ha increased the
sugar yield by 15.4, 13.4 and 16.8% over the control, respectively. Increase in
cane tonnage contributed about 79% of the increase in sugar yield while
increase in PS/TC contributed 21%.
Application of distillery slops to the ratoon of VMC71-238 at the rates of
3
166 and 249m /ha decreased PS/TC by 3.7 and 5.3% when compared with
the control, respectively. However, cane and sugar yields regardless of time
and rates of slops application were comparable with the control.
0
Soil pH, available K2 , calcium and magnesium were increased by distillery
slops application while ash % juice increased with slops application in both
tests.
The response of different cane varieties to different volumes and time of
application of distillery slops requires further investigation. There is also a need
to determine the maximum amount of slops that can be applied without
adversely affecting final sugar yield and/or factory performance.
0046 Effect of weed management on the leaching loss of nitrogen in lipa clay soil. Navarro,
A.A., Corpuz, I.T.. USM Research Journal, , 3(1):60-76
Nitrogen leaching loss. Weed management. Agriculture. Soil science. Lipa clay soil.
0047 The effects of dissolved acetate salts on the vapor-liquid equilibria of the ethanol-water
mixtures. Saquing, Carl D., Remoroza, Alvin I., Arquiza, Apollo C., Bugante,
Elizabeth. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines,
, :363-364
The effects of the potassium acetate and sodium acetate at 10% and 15%
concentrations on the vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) of the binary ethanol-water
mixture were studied at atmospheric pressure using a modified Othmer still.
Calibration using the ethanol-water mixture was done to check the reliability of
the VLE apparatus on VLE determination. The results showed that the
measured VLE data are closed to published data.
The VLE data of the ternary mixtures of ethanol, water and salt were
measured using the calibrated apparatus. Samples were collected at different
temperatures ranging between the boiling points of pure ethanol and pure
water, and were then analyzed by gas chromatography. Data showed that the
addition of the two salts broke the ethanol-water azeotrope at all salt
concentrations exept for sodium acetate at 10%. The addition of acetate salts
increases the relative volatility of ethanol from 5 up to about 77, and the
increase becomes higher as the salt concentration increases. Between the two
salts, the increase in relative volatility is higher with potassium acetate than
sodium acetate may be explained by the stronger interaction of the former with
water as indicated by its higher solubility in this solvent.
0048 Effects of soil moisture stress on the shoot growth of anthocephalus chinensis rich ex. walp. and
albizia falcataria (L.) fosb.. Fernando, E.S., dela Cruz, R.E.. The Pterocarpus: A Philippine
Science Journal of Forestry, , :66-67
0050 The effects of spraying ethrel on the tillering and yield of a sparse tillering sugarcane
variety. Gonzales, M.Y., Tianco, A.P.. Victorias Agricultural Research Reports, ,
22-31:84-95
Since higher populations are essential for higher yields, an experiment was
conducted to determine if spraying a chemical on growing cane could increase
tillering. Ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) at 0.25 and 0.50 kg ai/ha was
sprayed on variety Phil53-33, one month after planting at the rate of 4
lacsas/ha. For comparison, planting rates of 2, 4, 6 and 8 lacsas/ha were also
entered.
Plants treated with Ethrel at 0.25 kg ai/ha were significantly 8.6, 8.2, and
8.9% taller than the 2, 4, and 8 lacsas/ha treatments, respectively at harvest.
Plants sprayed with Ethrel at 0.50 kg ai/ha showed symptoms of leaf chlorosis
one week after the chemical application. Stem elongation was reduced in the
early and middle stages of growth.
At harvest, Ethrel-treated plots at 0.50 kg ai/ha and the 8 lacsas/ha plots
had significantly 10.7 and 13.1% more millable stalks than the 4 lacsas/ha or
control plots, respectively. About 32% of the total tillers emerging survived.
The lower rate of Ethrel gave statistically the same number of stalks as the
higher rate and the 8 lacsas/ha treatments.
The final cane yield showed that plots treated with 0.25 kg ai/ha Ethrel
significantly outyielded the 2, 4, 6, 8 lacsas/ha plots by 17.5, 15.4, 11.8, and
9.9% respectively. Ethrel at 0.50 kg ai/ha did not effect a significant increase in
tonnage probably due to the stresses (as shown by leaf chlorosis and retarded
stem elongation) the cane underwent at the early and middle stages of growth
which may have slightly affected the final weight per stalk at harvest.
Ethrel at 0.25 kg ai/ha gave a 12.8% increase in sugar yield compared to
the untreated control. The difference while suggestive did not reach
significance. Since the tonnage was increased significantly by 0.25 kg ai/ha
Ethrel without adversely affecting the PS/TC, it would not be unreasonable to
assume that with the right moisture conditions and with a poor-tillering variety,
Ethrel can show a significant increase in sugar yield if more replications were
used.
0051 The effects of various fertilizers on the growth of tomatoes. Dumencil, Josephine A., Salang,
Eriberto. Research Journal, , 10(1):29-37
0052 Effects of varying duration of bark ringing on the success of brown budding in para rubber
seedlings. Payawan, Norma Aurora A., Alocelja, F.D., Cayud-ong, F.O.. USM Research
Journal, , 2(1):33-38
Girdling the budwood (brown budding) at zero, one two, three and four
weeks before budding operation did not affect budding success and plant
height of the budded transplants but it caused easier stripping off of the bud
eye from the budwood. Girdling at two and four weeks before budding
significantly increased stem diameter of the budded transplants measured four
months after budding. This practice may therefore reduce the untappable
years of rubber plants.
0053 Effects of varying rates of carbofuran on nematode population and sugarcane yield. Gargantiel,
F.T., Barredo, F.C.. Victorias Agricultural Research Reports, , 16-21:9-17
0054 Effects of wood preservative concentration in glue formulation on plywood bond quality. Binoya,
R.G., Casilla, R.C., Tesoro, F.O., Cariño, H.F. The Pterocarpus: A Philippine Science
Journal of Forestry, , :47-52
0055 Efficacy of agronex (lindane) 3.75 G and inexit SC 1000 against white grubs and moth borers of
sugarcane. Fajardo, A.M., Porquez, P.H., Barredo, F.C., Serra, R.J.. Victorias Agricultural
Research Reports, , 32-41:58-64
Two rates of Agronex (Lindane) 3.75 G and Inexit SC 1000 were tested for
effectiveness against white grubs and moth borers of sugarcane in the pot and
field experiments.
In the pot experiment against white grubs, Agronex (Lindane) 3.75 G
applied at 4.0 kg. a.i./ha gave significantly higher control than the other
chemical treatments. The second highest grub mortality was noted from
Agronex (Lindane) 3.75 G applied at 2.0 kg. a.i./ha. Percent grub mortality in
all chemical treatments were significantly higher compared to the control
indicating the potential effect of the chemicals against the target pest.
In the field experiment only the two rates of Agronex (Lindane) 3.65G gave
significantly higher tons cane and piculs sugar yield per hectare compared to
the untreated plots. Difference in yield between Carbofuran, Inexit SC 1000
and the untreated plots were statistically insignificant. Gain in yield between
Carbofuran, Inexist SC 1000 and the untreated plots were statistically
insignificant. Gain in yield from the two rates of Agronex (Lindane) 3.75 G
principally could be attributed to the effectiveness of the chemical against
white grubs. On the other hand, moth borer infestation count conducted 45
days after planting was very low to evaluate the effect of the chemical
treatments.
The species of white grub introduced in both experiments was Leucopholis
irrorata Chevr. and the moth borer observed attacking the young canes were
the striped borer, Chilotrea infuscatela Snell. and the grey borer, Tetramoera
schistaceana Snell.
Agriculture. Sugarcane white grubs. Sugarcane moth borers. Agronex (Lindane) 3.75
G. Inexit SC 1000.
0056 Efficacy of surfactants in smut inoculation. Gargantiel, F.T., Barredo, F.C.. Victorias
Agricultural Research Reports, , 22-31:3-8
0057
Engineering cropping systems. David, Wilfredo P.. Scientia Filipinas, , 2(1):45-53
Most serious problems in land and water resources utilization for crop
production today stem from the tendency to view things in isolation, not as an
integral blend of the total landscape. An agricultural engineer outlines a
strategy for integrating some parameters relevant to the development of
productive and ecologically stable cropping systems. Presented from a land
and water resources management point of view, it invites inter-disciplinary
scrutiny.
0058 Enhanced effects of potato extract and reduced nutrient level on anther culture response in
rice. Villalba, Wilhelmina E., Desamero, Nenita V., Romano, Lenie P., Julaton, Maria Corazon
N., Sta. Maria, Laila B., Chico, Martha V.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science
and Technology Philippines, , :298
Reducing the amount of basal salts in in vitro culture medium, and using
locally available nutrient supplement, such as potato, will lessen the cost of the
technology. We evaluated the effect of potato extract and nutrient level
reduction in anther culture response of nine genetically diverse rice genotypes.
The treatments included N6 basal salts in full, one-half and one-fourth
strength, with the addition of 10% potato extract in each callus induction
medium. The full strength N6 salts without potato extract served as control.
Results indicated varied genotypic response. Anthers of five of the nine
genotypes formed calli. Three of the responding genotypes performed better in
potato extract-enriched medium. Further enchancement in callus formation
was obtained in potato extract-enriched medium with nutrient level reduced by
half. Likewise, plant regeneration was obtained in two genotypes, with higher
frequency in potato extract-enriched medium containing half strength N6 salts.
More double haploid plants were obtained in medium with full strength N6 salts
and potato extract. Moreover, reduction in incidence of necrosis was observed
in potato extract-enriched medium. Further study will be conducted using
higher levels of potato extract in callus induction medium and adding the
extract in the regeneration medium for enhanced plant regeneration.
(Author\'s abstract)
0059 Evaluation of aliette applied as paint for the control of black stripe of rubber. Presto, Romulo
S., Soria, Juan A.. USM Research Journal, , 3(1):53-59
This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Aliette when applied
as paint fungicide against black stripe of rubber.
Findings show that Aliette was moderately effective for the control of black
stripe. However, it proved to be better than Difolatan which was used as
standard check when compared based on the percentage reduction in disease
index.
Nevertheless, the efficacy of Aliette as a cure for black stripe varies with
the rates used. So far, the best rate for Aliette is 16 g ai/liter of water.
It is then suggested that from this pattern may have originated some of the
problems that plague even current Philippine institutions, including the
continuing reliance on exceptions-based personal relationships rather than on
impersonal rules, the weak definition of property rights and enforcement of
contracts, and the lack of restraints on the actions of the powerful actors and
hence their inability to make credible commitments. (Author\'s abstract)
0061 Farmer-scientists R&D/E training program in a corn-based production system for sustainable
agricultural development. Davide, Romulo G.. Transactions of the National Academy of
Science and Technology Philippines, , :79-94
0062
Fertilization of coconut. Technology!, , 4(3):1-12
The coconut industry of the Philippines provides roughly 25% of its foreign
exchange earnings, and supplies about 70% of the world\'s market supply of
coconut products. Nevertheless, the crop\'s productivity appears to be low.
Very few coconut farms yield over 40 nuts per tree or a ton of copra per
hectare annually.
One reason behind low productivity is that a very small portion of coconut
lands are fertilized. Based on surveys, coconut areas in the country are
deficient in nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, chlorine, sulfur, and magnesium.
With the establishment of the importance of these nutrients, especially of
nitrogen and chlorine, to the growth and development of coconut, there are
recommended fertilizer or fertilizer combinations for each province. With
judicious application of fertilizers, nut and copra production can increase by as
much as 230%.
Although fertilizers are expensive and copra price is low, it is estimated
that a farmer can realize a net income of about P 2,088 with fertilization in
contrast to only over P 739 without fertilization.
0063
Fertilizer study on gabi. Delfin, Abella D.. Plant Industry Bulletin, , 9(2):42-46
0064 Field evaluation of coated and uncoated thimet 10G against parasitic nematodes on
sugarcane. Serra, R.J., Barredo, F.C., Guzon, S., Talaman, N.T.. Victorias Agricultural
Research Reports, , 32-41:50-57
Three rates of both coated and uncoated thimet 10G were evaluated
against parasitic nematodes attacking sugarcane. Based on the germination
count, it was evident that the test chemicals had no phytotoxic effect on the
seedpieces even at the highest rate of application.
Tiller population was generally highest in plots treated with carbofuran 3G
from the third to the fourth month. All treatments had significantly higher tiller
population than the control at four months but only carbofuran 3G and terbufos
5G remained statistically better than the control during the sixth month.
Satisfactory nematode control was observed in all treatments from the first
until the seventh month. However, population increased in all treatments from
the eight month until harvest but highest in the control.
Carbofuran 3G gave the highest cane yield in terms of tonnage followed by
uncoated thimet 10G (2.00, 1.00 & 3.00 kg. a.i./ha) which gave better results
than the coated. The same trend was observed in the picul sugar production
per hectare.
0065 Field evaluation of varying rates of triforine 20EC as preventive treatment against pineapple
disease of sugarcane (Ceratocystic paradoxa M.). Serra, R.J., Barredo, F.C., Guzon,
S.. Victorias Agricultural Research Reports, , 32-41:65-68
0066 A field study of the tamarao, bubalus mindorensis. Kuehn, D.W.. The Pterocarpus, ,
2(1):26-34
A field study of the tamarao (Bubalus (Anoa) mindorensis) at the Mt. Iglit
Game Refuge, Occidental Mindoro, was conducted in 1972-1974. Tamarao
were largely solitary and only two persistent associations of self-sufficient
tamarao were observed. Cow tamarao usually bore calves at two year
intervals, and many calves became independent at age 2-4 years. The
preferred habitat of the tamarao was the juncture of forest or talahib stands
with expanses of cogon or other grasses, but here were sex and age
differences in habitat use.
0067 Fortified cassava tuber meal as substitute for yellow corn in poultry feeding. Lopez, Perla
L.. Technology!, , 11(3):15
Fortified cassava tuber meal as substitute for yellow corn in poultry feeding
will entail considerable savings on the dollar reserves of the country through
the reduction of corn importation.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz), a tropical root crop, is a potential
alternative to corn in animal feed because of its high energy content. If birds
are given quality booster feed during the first ten days, cassava tuber meal
may be incorporated into the starter/finisher diets up to 40% in meal form
without any effect on performance.
Higher returns are realized with the use of cassava tuber meal fortified with
copra meal, soybean oil meal, or fish meal than use of yellow corn. If local
legumes can be produced at a reasonable price, these can also be used to
fortify cassava tuber meal.
Because of the increased amount of expensive protein and high energy
feeds in the ration, the economics of fortification should be considered, since
this is the most important factor in determining when to use cassava tuber
meal as substitute for corn in livestock and poultry feeding.
This package of technology offers an alternative solution to the problems
of high import cost and unstable corn supply.
0068 Fruit and vegetable storage and ripening methods for the countrysides. Bautista, Ofelia
K.. Scientia Filipinas, , 2(1):62-69
The reported staggering postharvest losses in the past few years have led
people preoccupied with the food business to realize that production is only
half the picture. Now, there is a growing awareness that if what is produced
does not reach the intended consumer and utilized accordingly, all the sweat,
headaches, worries and money that went into production have been spent in
vain. In the country, the emerging field of postharvest handling must center on
prolonging the storage life where it is needed most. In the countrysides,
postharvest physiologist Ofelia K. Bautista asserts, the rural folks must be
offered measures that are accessible, affordable, and acceptable.
Postharvest horticulture. Storage and ripening methods.
0069
Fruitfly control on mango for export. Technology!, , 2(12):1-12
0070
Gastrointestinal parasite control in swine. Technology!, , 5(6):1-11
0071 Genetic Plasticity of Lepidoptera. Barrion, Adelina A., Barrion, Aimme Lynn A.. Transactions
of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :325-326
0072 Genetic variability of karyotypic characteristics in relation to the genetic improvement of some
economically-important traits of water buffaloes. Bondoc, Orville L., Santos, Izy T.. Research
Journal, , :28-46
0073 Genetic variation in abnormal and normal hatchery-bred milkfish (Chanos chanos
FORSKÅL). Fuentes, Frances Rossanne C., Ignacio, Shalimar I., Constantino, Adrian
M., Monje, Virginia D., Santos, Ameurfina D.. Transactions of the National Academy of
Science and Technology Philippines, , :321
0074
Geothermal energy for salt-making. Technology!, , 3(4):1-12
0075 Germplasm collection, selection and maintenance of indigenous plant species for agricultural
and medicinal uses. Armones, Nora T., Villanueva, Nancy B.. Plant Industry Bulletin, ,
17(1):1-14
0076
Gold panning. Technology!, , 7(2):1-16
0077 Grafted tomato for off-season production. Burleigh, James R., Bala, Anacleto F., Cacho, Dennis
R., Mateo, Lun G., Ulrivhs, Christian. Transactions of the National Academy of Science
and Technology Philippines, , :295-296
Results for the two-year experiment on percent survival revealed that both
grafted tomato varieties had significantly higher plant survival than the
non-grafted plants. Grafted Apollo to EG 203 and H7996 gave 97.2 and 77.8
percent plant survival while non-grafted Apollo had zero survival. All plants
were attacked by bacterial wilt. For CLN5915, grafted plants had 97.2 and 91.7
percent survival while the non-grafted plants had 70.8.
Grafted Apollo to EG 203 yielded 13.1 and those grafted to H7996 yielded
11.7 t/ha, respectively. Non-grafted plants yielded 1.3 t/ha. For CLN5915
grafting to EG 203 and H7996 gave comparable yield of 21.3 and 21.7 t/ha.
However, significantly lower yield was obtained from non-grafted CLN5915
with an average of 10.4 t/ha. (Author\'s abstract)
Grafting. Tomato.
0078 Growth and nitrogen fixation by non-heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria of rice fields of
uttar pradesh, India. Tiwari, O.N., Dhar, Dolly Wattal, Prasanna, Radha, Shukla, H.M., Singh,
P.K., Tiwari, G.L.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 129(2):101-107
Every year, about 10.5 million tons of rice straw are available in the
country. These are usually burned or left to rot in the field after harvest.
Rice straw is identified as a promising material for handmade paper. It is
suited for production of high quality paper for special purposes like art paper,
greeting cards, calling cards and other novelty paper items.
There is no reliable estimate on the local demand for handmade paper.
However, one exporter ships a minimum amount of 3,500 sheets of handmade
stationery paper per month to Japan, Australia and New York. It has been
reported that the actual demand may be more than 8,000 sheets per month.
In the local market, handmade paper can be manufactured in various
grades for different paper products like paper doilies, albums, envelopes,
stationery, lamp shades, advertising specialty papers such as business
greeting cards, posters, folders, art calendars, napkins, cut-outs, and other
decorative papers. In 1986, the country\'s importation of these products
reached to 114,774 kg amounting to US$ 163,738.
This technology generated by the Forest Products Research and
Development Institute (FPRDI) can provide additional income to farmers after
the rice harvest. When established as a cottage industry, the monthly income
derived is P22,875 with return per peso invested of P0.44. Moreover, the
establishment of a handmade paper industry in the rural areas can uplift the
economic condition of farmers and the country as well.
0080
New high yielding rice varieties. Technology!, , 8(3):1-15
In the Philippines, rice is the staple food for more than 80% of the
population. Its production remains predominantly in the hands of small
farmers. To them, rice provides their main source of income, food and
employment.
The country has made substantial progress in improving irrigated lowland
rice yields. The adoption of high-yielding varieties (HYVs), and use of
fertilizers, pesticides and water management techniques, substantially
increased rice yields and production. It started in 1959 with the introduction of
BPI-76 variety developed by the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) at he Maligaya
Rice Experiment Station now Maligaya Rice Research and Training Center
(MRRTC) in Munoz, Nueva Ecija. Other high yielding, dwarf to semi-dwarf,
fertilizer responsive, photo-period insentive, and pest resistant varieties
emerged from and were promoted by the International Rice Research Institute
(IRRI), University of the Philippines at Los Banos - College of Agriculture
(UPLB-CA) and also BPI.
Before the introduction of modern varieties, average paddy yield was 1.3
t/ha. In 1985, the average yields for irrigated and rainfed lowlands were 3.0
t/ha and 2.0 t/ha, respectively. In that year, about 94% of irrigated lowland,
87% of rainfed lowland and 19% of upland areas were planted to HYVs
developed by IRRI, UPLB, and DA-BPI.
The end-products of the rice varietal improvement program are breeding
lines which will eventually be used for commercial production. Identification of
potential varieties among hundreds of selections requires a series of tests for
high yield, resistance of pests, tolerance to adv edverse environments and
grain quality over locations and seasons.
The National Cooperative Testing for Rice (NCTR) is an indispensable
component of the breeding program. Test results are used to identify
selections for seed increase and national/regional recommendations. These
are also used in identifying selections that will serve as stop-gap varieties.
In 5 years (1981-1985), 9 irrigated lowland varieties were released by the
Philippines Seed Board (PSB). These semi-dwarf, high yielding rice varieties
developed by the rice breeding programs of IRRI, UPLB and DA-MRRTC are
BPI Ri-3 (glutinous) released in 1981; IR 56 and UPL Ri-4 released in1982; IR
58, IR 60 and BPI-10 released in 1983; IR 62, released in 1984; and, IR 64
and IR 65 (glutinous), both released in 1985. By 1986, two more were
recommended as Seed Board varieties, namely, IR 66 and BPI Ri-2.
0081 Hydrothermal synthesis (by direct dissolution and via transformation of layered precursor) of an
akaganeite-type iron oxide octahedral molecular sieve. Nicolas-Tolentino, Elaine, Alfornon,
Pamela. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, ,
:374
0082 Identification of soil microflora at USM cacao plantation. Guinsatao, Lucrecia G., Jover, Edna
M.. USM Research Journal, , 2(2):24-30
A study on the identification of soil microflora at USM Cacao Plantation was
conducted from April 22, 1980 to May 16, 1980 at the Plant Pathology
Laboratory of Southern Mindanao Agricultural Research Center (SMARC),
Kabacan, North Cotabato. It was aimed at identifying soil microflora found at
different depths of the cacao plantation of USM.
Twenty five main soil samples comprising six sub-samples per sample
indicating every inch of soil depth were used as source of isolates. Various
fungal flora were isolated under laboratory conditions and pure cultures were
made from isolates after fungal growths were observed in the culture. Proper
identification was based on the morphological and cultural characteristics of
the organisms.
Results of the study showed that there were seven fungal flora present in
the soil planted with cacao at USM. They were examined and identified at the
generic level. These were: Rhizoctonia sp., Botrytis sp., Aspergillus sp.,
Penicilium sp., Pythium sp., Monilia sp. and Rhizopus sp.
It was found out that Botrytis sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Rhizopus sp., and
Aspergillus sp. dominated the fungal flora of the soil because these were
found to be at all depths.
0083 In vitro germination of freshly harvested and conserved indigenous orchid seeds. Pateña,
Lilian F., Sotto, Rachel C., Altoveros, Nestor C., Bariring, Alice L., Dioneda, Mary Ann A., Barba,
Ramon C.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology
Philippines, , :301
Orchids seed were excised from collected capsules, dried to d•7% and
o
kept at 0 C in the cold storage facilities of the National Plant Genetic
Resources Laboratory, IPB. They varied in size, shape and color. Prior to
storage, initial viability and % germination in vitro were determined. A total of
74 accessions representing 32 known species and 22 known genera were
tested for viability using the modified topographical tetrazolium test (TTZ). A
total of 251 accessions representing 29 priority species were tested in vitro.
Dried seeds were stored from 2 to 13 months and rehydrated prior to the TTZ
viability and in vitro germination tests. Most of the conserved seeds still had
high viability (>90%, e.g. Acanthephippium, Dendrobium amethystoglossum,
Dendrobium taurinum, Phalaenopsis amabilis) during the 13-month storage
period although viability of some species declined drastically (<10%, e.g.
Rhynchostylis retusa). Results on in vitro germination of >80% was still
obtained after one year of storage (e.g. Dendrobium heterocarpum,
Grammatophyllum scriptum). These findings indicate that different species
respond differently to low temperature and low moisture storage and
consequently to in vitro germination. The above conservation technique is
applicable to specific species of Philippine indigenous orchids. (Author\'s
abstract)
Philippine indigenous orchids. Low temperature. Low moisture storage. In vitro
conservation. Agriculture.
0084 Inbreeding depression of F2 sorghum hybrids. Cena, Romulo L., Arquiza, Rubencio P.. USM
Research Journal, , 3(1):34-45
0085 Increased litter size and litter weight in gilts by prebreeding intrauterine infusion of killed boar
semen. Capitan, Severino S., Penalba, Francisco F., Geromo, Francisco B., Dalumpienes,
Joselito M.. Research Journal, , :47-52
Killed semen. Gilt. Agriculture. Litter size. Litter weight. Uterine priming. Reproduction.
0086
Indigenous phosphate rock as fertilizer. Technology!, , 7(1):1-15
0087 Influence of inoculation of different vasicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nutrient
of mungbeen and wheat. Singh, Satpal, Kapoor, K.K.. Philippine Journal of Science, ,
129(1):19-25
0088
Integrated control for corn borer. Technology!, , 7(3):1-16
Integrated pest management schemes for the control of corn borer are
more economical and maximize the use of biological control agents and
cultural practices, leading to minimum environmental disturbances.
0089
Integrated fish-pig farming. Technology!, , 4(9):1-16
Raising fish and pigs at the same time offers several advantages. A fish
farmer can produce more than 4,000 kg/ha/yr of fish using fresh pig manure
instead of inorganic fertilizer and feeds. A piggery operator can use fish culture
to dispose of animal waste with proper regard to health and sanitation. In
addition, the practice maximizes uses of farm land, manpower, and facilities.
2
Fish-pig culture for backyard pond operations of 1,000 m to a small-scale
venture of 3 ha increases farm income. The integration of the two farming
systems on a one-hectare farm earns a net income of more than P16,000 in
six months.
The technology developed at the Central Luzon State University involves
two culture patterns: a two 90-day or one 180-day fish culture cycle within the
five-to-six-month pig-rearing period. Nile tilapia, common carp, and
snake-head are raised in a fish polyculture system. Pig waste is washed
directly from the pigpens to the fishponds. Only minimal modifications in the
standard practices for pig and fish rearing are needed.
0090 Isovitexin-2" -0-ß-[6-0-E-p- coumaroylglucopyranoside] from UV-B irradiated rice leaves inhibits
fertility of Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER). Whitecross, Malcolm I., Nayudu, Murali, Tanner,
Gregory J., Caasi-lit, Merdelyn T.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :282
Isovitexin-2" -0-ß-[6-0-E-p- coumaroylglucopyranoside], a novel acylated
c-glycosyl flavone isolated from UV-irradiated rice affected the viability of eggs
laid by Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) by over 90% when added to an artificial
diet at 14 ppm.
These novel compounds are possible candidates for use in Integrated Pest
Management strategies. Many such natural products have been shown to be
pest-specific, non-toxic to the environment and to the pest-natural enemies,
thus representing an alternative to the use of synthetic pesticides. The low
toxicity of the compounds to insects in these studies also suggests they might
be appropriate for development as natural protectants for plants. With the
advances of biotechnology, gene(s) for isovitexin maybe incorporated in the
future into target crop varieties that are also host of this polyphagous and
economically important major insect pest Helicoverpa. (Author\'s abstract)
0091 Isozyme characterization and diversity among the Philippine populations of Oryza officinalis wall
ex. watt conserved ex situ. Bon, Sancho G., Borromeo, Teresita H., Altoveros, Nestor
C., Reymundo, Avelino D.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 135(2):93-104
0092 Kinetic and parametric study on enzymatic aqueous extraction process of pili kernel oil
(Canarium ovatum ENGL.). Pham, Chay B., Demafelis, Rex B., Morada, Fiel Ethel
A.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, ,
:368-369
Pili nut is one of the most important oil seeds of commercial value in the
Philippines. Pili oil was superior in quality as compared to coconut oil. This
study was carried out to optimize the process conditions of the enzymatic
extraction of pili kernel oil and to determine the quality of pili kernel oil fromthe
enzymatic extraction process.
Results show that the reaction rate of oil extraction from pili kernel was
greatly dependent on the enzyme concnetration. At optimum process
conditions, the reaction rates for both catalyzed and uncatalyzed extractions
are: (a) for the uncatalyzed reaction: rs = 0.0546 Cs and (b) for the catalyzed
reaction: rs = 0.281 CS.CE; where CS = amount of oil in the substrate; CE =
enzyme concentration. (Author\'s abstract)
Pili. Kernel oil. Enzymatic extraction process. Kinetic and parametric study.
0093 Kinetics of shear band formation and propagation in glassy polcarbonate deformed in simple
shear. Gopez, Adolfo Jesus R.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 5(2):1-32
0094 Leaf trichomes as resistance factor in eggplant (Solanium melongena L.) against the leafhopper,
Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA). Rajotte, E., Talekar, N.S., Balagot, Gina E., Punzal, Belen
S., Gapud, Victor P., Caasi-lit, Merdelyn T.. Transactions of the National Academy of
Science and Technology Philippines, , :281
Seven farmers\' and commercial eggplant varieties were screened for field
resistance to the leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) at the PhilRice Central
experiment Station, Maligaya, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija in rice-eggplant cropping
systems during the 1999 dry season. SRO2, a farmer\'s variety from Nueva
Ecija, was found resistant while Abar, a farmer\'s viriety from Batac, Ilocos
Norte, was tolerant. Most of the commercial varieties were susceptible to the
leafhopper with Jackpot as the most susceptible entry.
The result show that trichome characters can serve as resistance factors in
some eggplant varieties and probably a combination of trichomes and
chemical factors on the surface of the leaves in other varieties of eggplants.
(Author\'s abstract)
0095
Legume inoculation with rhizobia. Technology!, , 9(1):1-16
Nitrogen fixation by legume-rhizobia symbiosis offers an opportunity for
increasing nitrogen supply to crops. The nitrogen gas in the air is converted by
the rhizobia into forms which the legume can utilize. On the other hand, host
plants or the legumes provide energy for the process. This association has
been estimated to fix about 35 million tons of nitrogen per year in agricultural
ecosystem.
To maximize the efficiency of the symbiosis, effective strains of rhizobia
are introduced through inoculation. The inoculant may be introduced through
seed and soil inoculation.
Results of field studies at the University of the Philippines at Los Banos
showed that inoculated legumes produced higher yields than plants fertilized
with 30 kg nitrogen per hectare. In most instances, however, the benefit
derived from inoculation is not an increase in yield but rather a reduction in the
use of nitrogen fertilizer.
Partial budget analysis shows substantial savings derived from this
technology. In Guimbalaon clay loam and San Manuel silt loam, inoculation
and application of 0-30-30 increased soybean yield by 210 kg valued at
P1,470 and 710 kg (P4970), respectively. Added costs incurred with this
treatment total P453.50.
For mungbean, inoculation plus application of 0-30-30 in San Manuel silt
loam with added cost of P314.50 gave an increase in income of P3,045.50.
Similar treatment in Guimbalaon clay loam costing an additional P238.50,
produced P1,921.50 more in income.
In peanut planted in Guimbalaon clay loam and San Manuel silt loam,
inoculation plus application of 0-30-30 resulted in added income of P4,797.50
and P5,491.50, respectively.
0096
Leucaena:. Alferez, Arturo C.. Scientia Filipinas, , 1(1):24-29
0097 A life away from home. Manzanero-Galvan, Noemie M., Teotico, Angelita R.. Philippine
Scientific Journal, , 43(1):25-29
0098 Life cycle and host range of the eggplant fruit borer. Tabalina, Juditha, Delizo, Merilyn B.
. USM Research Journal, , 2(2):10-17
The eggs of the eggplant fruit borer hatched from four to five days after
oviposition. The total larval period was 9.06 to 9.53 days while the pupal
period was 9.08 to 9.41 days. Whether or not food was introduced, adult
longevity period ranged from 3.25 to 4.76 days. The developmental period
from egg to egg ranged from 27.09 to 27.90 days.
The eggplant fruit borer survived and completed its life cycle on tomato and
eggplant fruits. It failed to complete its life cycle on string beans, maramais and
corn.
0099
Mango fertilization for better production. Technology!, , 5(5):1-16
0100 Mapping salinity tolerance genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using RFLP and SSSLP
analyses. Bonilla, Philbert S., Dvorak, Jan, Mackill, David, Deal, Karin, Gregorio,
Glenn. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, ,
:327
0101 Metabolizable energy of mannanase-treated copra meal (MTCM) and growth performance of
broilers fed with MTCM. Zamora, A.F., Sapin, A.B., Luis, E.S.. Philippine Journal of
Biotechnology, , 7(1):39-51
0102 Microsatellite DNA markers for genotype identification in Philippine papayas. Zaporteza,
Maribel M., Garcia, Roberta N., Bernardo, Amy Emiliana N., Laurena, Antonio
S., Tecson-Mendoza, Evelyn Mae. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :302
Very little is known on the extent of genetic diversity among the Philippine
papayas and their wild progenitors. Hence, this study aimed to provide basic
information on their genetic base in order to improve the efficiency of the
papaya improvement breeding program. Microsatellite markers or simple
sequence repeats (SSRs) are DNA markers that provide high level of certainly
in genotype identification.
SSRs were obtained from the papaya sequence in the Genbank database
and 8 primers were designed based on their highly conserved flanking regions.
A Polymerase chair reaction (PCR) protocol was developed using these
primers to amplify the SSRs. The PCR products were electrophoresed in a 3%
agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide and visualized under UV light.
Initial efforts using one primer pair generated SSRs from 32 papaya lines.
A total of 21 bands, which translated to 27 banding patterns, were obtained.
The observed similarity indices among the different lines ranged from 0.33 to
0.95. The samples clustered into three major groups with 0.5 to 0.6 degree of
relatedness.
0103
The mobile continuous flow flash dryer. Technology!, , 14(1):1-16
The Mobile Flash Dryer (MFD) facilitates drying of palay at the farmers\'
field; thus, minimizing losses due to handling and transporting. It also
minimizes grain quality deterioration during the wet season when sun drying
cannot be depended on.
The MFD is a vertical, columnar-type continuous flow grain dryer mounted
on a trailer for easy transport. It operates using the "flash drying" technique
(the use of relatively high temperature) to dry rapidly grains with 24-35%
moisture content (MC). It is primarily designed as the first stage dryer to allow
longer grain storability before finally drying it in the sun when possible
(two-stage drying). However, it can also dry the wet palay to desired moisture
content even without sun drying.
The MFD has the following advantages:
- It can quickly dry very wet grains in 15-20 minutes to a safe 18% MC.
Grains can then
be stored without spoiling for a period of three weeks. Thus, MFD
becomes handy
especially during the wet
season.
- The dryer is simple to operate. Its materials are locally available.
- Designed to be mobile, the trailer-type grain dryer can be easily
transported using
jeepney/truck or animal. Its mobility allows drying at any accessible
site.
- Its mobility also will allow custom-drying scheme just like threshing,
thus augmenting
returns-on-investment.
- It has a heat recycling feature which uses hot unsaturated air from
the drying section
to be recycled. This feature saves energy consumption by 35%.
- Ongoing tests point to the potential of the MFD to dry corn grains.
MFD also can help
minimize the hazard of aflatoxin contamination when corn grains
are dried well.
The MFD is intended for farmer-groups or cooperatives and private
entrepreneurs who buy and sell palay. Through the MFD, adoptors can
immediately dry their commodities thus preventing losses and quality
deterioration. Return-on-investment is 93%. This technology affords the
adoptors to procure stocks even during the rainy season.
With MFD, annual net income of about P80,000.00 could be realized. It
has a maximum payback period of 2.93 years and a drying cost of P9.25 per
cavan in drying wet palay (24% MC to 18% MC). To further dry it to 14% MC
through sun drying, an additional cost of about P4.00 per cavan would be
incurred.
0104 Morphology and anatomy of the barks of Philippine erythrina and intsla species. Figarola,
D.B., Quimbo, L.L.. The Pterocarpus: A Philippine Science Journal of Forestry, , :56-63
The morphology and anatomy of the bark of nine Philippine species were
studied to find out what components and/or characters of their barks
differentiate the genus Erythrina from the genus Intsia and to determine which
anatomical and morphological characters could serve to delimit the different
species undr each genus.
0105
Multiple cropping in coconut. Technology!, , 3(6):1-10
A big problem among coconut farmers is the current low price of copra.
Coupled with low production, income derived from coconut farms is low.
At the farm level, multiple cropping is an answer to the problem. Mixed
cropping benefits both the coconut tree and the farmer. Weeds are controlled,
the soil is conserved, and nut production is increased. For the farmer, the
practice provides additional employment to the family, increases and stabilizes
income, and efficiently utilizes the land and other resources.
A return of P 1.29 to P 3.34 per peso invested can be expected with
intercropping of papaya, pineapple, banana, and gabi under coconut.
0106 Occurrence of Caligus pelamydis, a parasitic copepod, on local teraponid fishes. Lopez, Nellie
C.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, ,
:323-324
Among the parasitic crustaceans that have been reported to cause mrtality
of fish hosts are species of Caligus. Caligid copepods are mainly parasitic on
marine fishes; with increased aquaculture of marine fishes, the economic
impact of these parasites will also increase. Teraponid fishes found in the
coastal waters of the Philippines include Pelates quadrilineatus (Bloch) and
Terapon jarbua (Forskål) locally called bagaong or babansi. They enter
brackishwaters and freshwaters. Because of their migratory habit and the
present practice of culturing fish in coastal areas, it is possible for terapons to
enter fishponds or cages and for their parasites to infect cultured fish.
Examination of P. quadrilineatus and T. jarbua obtained monthly from
fishermen and fish vendors in La Union, Metro Manila, and South Cotabato
resulted in the recovery of Caligus pelamydis from the gills and buccal cavity.
Prevalence of infection in T. jarbua ranged from 19.6% (Divisoria Market) to
37.5% (La Union), In P. quadrilineatus, only those from La Union were
infected. Parasite burden in T. jarbua ranged from 1-13; for P. quadrillineatus,
1. (Author\'s abstract)
0107 Occurrence of sugarcane downy mildew (leaf splitting) in San Carlos and Bogo-Medellin and
suggested control measures. Gargantiel, F.T., Barredo, F.C.. Victorias Agricultural
Research Reports, , 22-31:29-34
0108
Oil and hydrocarbon from plants:. Fernandez, Elvira C. Scientia Filipinas, , 1(1):3-9
Green plants offer a never-ending supply of oil, much of which, gallon for
gallon, is worth more than petroleum. In the Philippines, attention has veered
to Euphorbias, Aleurites and the like-plants that yield oil and hydrocarbons-to
produce a wide range of products that are competitive with synthetic
petrochemicals.
0109 On-farm planting of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa) under coconut at Lucban,
Quezon. Villegas, Lina G.. Plant Industry Bulletin, , 9(2):18-29
0110 Osmotic stress increased in plant regeneration of old rice callus. Aldemita, Rhodora
R., Avellanoza, Eleanor S., Ilar, Glen, Rosario, Marischelle M.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :326
Increase in rice production will entail the continued development and use of
high yielding inbreds, hybrids and new plant type lines. In support of this
strategy, genetic engineering for improved pest resistance will also focus on
these genotypes. Optimization of conditions to increase plant regeneration in
these genotypes was conducted as a prerequisite for successful genetic
engineering. Tissue culture factors such as the type of explant, genotype,
selection conditions, and artificial culture media were studied. However, plant
regeneration is greatly affected by co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens. Old,
unregenerable cells of three cultivars were subjected to different osmotic
conditions that include physical and chemical osmoticants. Addition of sorbitol,
mannitol, and exposure to drying conditions of the laminar flow hood increased
the plant regeneration of unregenerable transgenic cells by three-fold. This
finding will be very useful in succeding attempts to regenerate transgenic
plants with economically-important characteristics. (Author\'s abstract)
0111
Outstanding Philippine sugarcane varieties. Technology!, , 3(5):1-11
0112 Ovarian development of Atherinomorus endrachtensis from Taal Lake, Batangas and
Decapterus macrosoma from Quezon Province. Gorospe, Vanessa Eve M., Bundoc, Mary
Rose L., Lopez, Nellie C.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :323
Histological sections of the ovaries of the two fishes showed the presence
of oogonia chromatin nucleolar stage, perinucleola stage, yolk vesicle stage,
vitellogenic and ripe oocytes. These were seen occurring in the ovaries
simultaneously. However, ripe oocytes were only observed during the month of
August in D. macrosoma. The monthly mean values of the Gonadosomatic
Index (GSI) of A. endrachtensis were highest in the months of February and
July. On the other hand, the GSI values of D. macrosoma peaked during the
month of August. Present findings indicate that A. endrachtensis and D.
Macrosoma are multiple spawners. (Author\'s abstract)
0113 The percenage success of patch budding, cleft grafting and inarching in durian
seedlings. Uyanguren, Fe P., Flojo, Leterito, Payawan, Norma Aurora A.. USM Research
Journal, , 2(2):47-52
This trial was conducted on a red soil (Alfisol) at the International Crops
Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra
Pradesh, India with the aim of determining the performance of Robut 33-1 (T1)
and TMV-2 (T2) peanut varieties planted at a density of 133,000 (D1), 266,000
(D2) and 399,000 (D3) plants per hectare.
Results showed that TMV-2 produced more pods compared to Robut 33-1
but had significantly lower test weight. The lowest density significantly
produced more pods than the highest rate of seeding. The same result was
noted on the number of matured pods per plant. The combination of the two
factors failed to show any significant interaction effect.
0115 The performance of peanut to tillage practices and calcium levels. Inson, Rodolfo T., Alcala,
Eugenio A.. USM Research Journal, , 3(1):1-22
The project was started in February 1985 and aimed to identify the best
peanut varieties for specific locations. In 1985, three new testing sites were
established in the major peanut growing areas. These were Isabela State
University (ISU), Cagayan State University (CSU) and Tupi Seed Farm. In
1986, the yield trial at Tupi Seed Farm was transferred to the University of
Southern Mindanao (USM).
In the 1985 wet season trials, ICGS 35, ICGS 64 and JL-24 were the high
yielding entries at Tupi Seed Farm, CSU and ISU, respectively. ICGS 50 and
ICGS (FDRS 17) were identified to have resistance to rust and late
Cercospora leaf spot at IPB.
The 1985-86 dry season preliminary yield trials at 4 locations indicated that
FDRS 27 had the highest yield of 1.78 tons/ha, followed in descending order
by UPL Pn-4, UPL Pn-6, JL-24 and NCAc 17090 with their respective yields of
1.77, 1.64, 1.64 and 1.52 tons/ha.
JL-24 was the highest yielder among the maturing peanut cultivars grown
at IPB and ISU during the 1986 dry season.
The mean pod and seed yields of all peanut entries grown at IPB CSU and
USM during the 1986-87 dry season general yield trial were 1.54 and 1.02
tons/ha, respectively. JL-24 was the top yielding entry across locations with
average pod and seed yields of 3.45 and 2.33 tons/ha, respectively. The other
promising entries were Robut 33-1, ICG (FDRS) 10,ICG (FDRS) 11, RLRS 12
and RLRS 2.
0117 Philippine agriculture in a globalizing world. Balisacan, Arsenio M.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , 26(2):223-242
0118 Phytotonic effect of carbofuran on sugarcane. Serra, R.J.. Victorias Agricultural Research
Reports, , 22-31:96-107
Carbofuran is a systemic insecticide/nematicide widely used to control
insect pests of rice, sugarcane and other crops. The application of this
chemical in a field plantation was reported to have improved crop yields
significantly. The effect was previously attributed to its direct effect on the
target pest. Later reports, however, mentioned a physiological response of the
plant enhanced by the application of the chemical.
In greenhouse experiments using sterilized soil where soil micro-flora and
fauna were eliminated, the application of carbofuran at 2 kg a.i./ha produced
significantly taller plants, increased tiller production, more vigorous root
development and better plant stand, after a three-month growing period. A
more pronounced tiller production was observed on Phil56-226, a variety with
good tillering capacity.
Further studies are being undertaken to investigate other possible avenues
for research in this regard. Confirmatory reports are available concerning the
presence of this mechanism in rice. However, there are no available literatures
yet confirming the presence of this mechanism in other crops, e.g., corn,
tobacco, cotton, etc. under controlled soil conditions. The presence of this
mechanism in other crops would certainly help improve the crop production of
our country.
0119 Pilot scale production of Agaricus bitorquis in tunnel. Agualin, Layda C, Macalinao, Patrocinio
O., Medalla, Angelita P.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :296
Results showed that during the vegetative stage, a significant mycelial run
was exhibited by Agaricus bitorquis (Strain 101-Australia). There was a
profuse mycelial run during the first week of incubation covering 85% of the
compost. Complete ramification within 12 to 14 days was noted; casing was
applied once ramification was seen to be completed. Pins were observed to
develop when the carbon dioxide content of air was recorded at 800 ppm or
lower. Harvestable mushrooms appeared 18 to 20 days after casing. Harvest
were made within 35 to 42 days from the day of first flush and were recorded
for as long as 150 days from the fist day of flush.
A significant mycelial and case runs were exhibited by the strain indicative
of good fruiting yields. After eight flushes, an average net yield of 70% was
recorded. A biological conversion efficiency (BCE) ranging from 30% to 35%
was obtained.
These findings showed that the Agaricus bitorquis has a great growing
adaptability to environment and can be cultivated under conditions with
o
temperature from 28 to 30 C. (Author\'s abstract)
0121 Potential production modelling of the rice crop. Jensen, Jens R., Balderama, Orlando
F.. Nucleus, , 2(2):61-66
This paper presents the result of a study for three rice cultivars namely:
Suphenburi 1, RD 23, and RD 7, grown to establish their potential production
parameters in a Bangkok plain environment and compute the dry matter
accumulation rate using a simple model introduced by H. Van Kenlen in 1986.
Calculation of potential production was determined by the parameters
established in this experiment such as Leaf Area Index, Specific Leaf Area,
Total Dry Matter, and Partitioning Factors. From these, the potential production
in terms of dry matter accumulation were found to have an average growth
rate of 201.3, 187.97 and 173.76 kg/hr/day for RD 23, RD 7, and Suphanburi 1
respectively. The computed values were reasonably close to the actual
observation at 166.67, 164.30, and 160.71 kg/hr/day for RD 23, RD 7, and
Suphenburi 1, respectively.
0123 Processing performance of four silkworm hybrids based on cocoon quality, reelability, and yarn
properies. Casero, Roberto O.. Samay, , :36-42
0124 Production of activated carbon from pili (Canarium ovatum ENGL.) nutshells by ammonium
chloride activation. Movillon, Jovita L., Demafelis, Rex B., Valencia, Sixto A., Prometila, Michael
Angelo B., Gomez, Madelaine V.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :371
Present technology regarding the utilization of pili nut into activated carbon
(AC) is yet to be determined and explored. Zinc chloride is commonly used as
the activating agent but for this study, ammonium chloride was tested because
it is readily available, inexpensive, and its low sublimation temperature of
o
330 C made further extraction of activating agent unnecessary. The main
objective of the study was to produce activated carbon from pili nutshells by
ammonium chloride (NH4)Cl activation.
Results showed that the charcoal yield ranges from 20.9 to 30.4%, 31.8 to
40.6% and 30.3 to 34.6% for untreated, direct activation and two-step
activation process, respectively. The highest and lowest yield occured at
o o
temperature of 400 C and 800 C, respectively. The direct activation process
provided a better yield compared to untreated and two-step activation process.
However, the direct activation carbon gave higher moisture content and ash
content compared to two-step activated carbon. In terms of fixed carbon, the
untreated carbon has the lowest value (28.1%) while the two-step activated
carbon (88.7%) has the highest value. The bulk density of untreated carbon,
direct activated carbon, and two-step activated carbon are 0.546, 0.449, and
o
0.489 g/ml, respectively. The two-step activation at 800 C gave the highest
iodine number of 305.9 mg/g but the value is still substandard compared to
commercial carbon that ranges from 600 to 1100 mg/g Iodine Number. Further
characterization and parametric studies regarding the production of activated
carbon from (NH4)Cl activation are recommended. (Author\'s abstract)
0125 Production of virus-free and true-to-type planting materials of garlic (Allium sativum
L.). Pateña, Lilian F., Bariring, Alice L., Dolores, Lolita M., Miranda, Marisa B., Barg,
Erhard, Green, Sylvia K., Barba, Ramon C.. Transactions of the National Academy of
Science and Technology Philippines, , :299-300
Garlic (Allium sativum L.), one of the most important vegetable crops in the
Philippines, is grown in about 7,674 hectares with an average production of
19,314 MT (BAS, 1998). Average yiled is quite low, 2,78 t/ha compared to up
to 10.6 t/ha in Thailand, due to low quality planting materials which is attributed
to accumulated diseases (particularly virus diseases) through generations of
asexual propagation.
Until 1970, the only recorded virus disease of garlic in the country was the
tangle top disease. In March 2000, results of our collaborative work with
AVRDC and BBA showed that poty (OYDV – onion yellow dwarf virus, LYSV –
leek yellow streak virus), carla (GCLV – garlic common latent virus, SLV –
shallot latent virus) and allexi (MbLV - miteborne latent virus, GarVA – garlic
virus A, GarVB – garlic virus B, GarVD – garlic virus D) viruses were present in
our garlic planting materials.
Garlic. Allium sativum. Virus-free. Poty. Carla and allexi viruses. Genetic
fidelity. Agriculture.
0126 Prospects and problems of producing alcohol from root crops:. Villanueva, Marianito
R.. Scientia Filipinas, , 2(1):27-35
The joyride is over. Over the long sweep of history, human beings will look
back and note with awe (and chagrin) that their ancestors stripped the planet
of most of its hydrocarbon fuels - coal, oil, gas, which biology and geology
conspired to trap underground millions of years ago - within the span of a few
hundred years. Rootcrops expert Marianito R. Villanueva, however, believes
that despite the current frenzied search for new deposits, it is still best to
harness the biomass. In rows of rich green plants, solar energy work the silent
miracle of photosynthesis, transforming water and carbon dioxide into
carbohydrate, chanelling it to growing tubers from which can be extracted ethyl
alcohol or ethanol. But to understand the alcohol movement, Villanueva
explains, one must also understand its economics.
0127 Proximate analysis of durian seed. Bahandi, Evelyn P., Astillero, Nhilda. Research Journal, ,
7(2):3-12
The nutritive value of the durian seed was analyzed. The presence of
starch and glutten-forming capacity was also tested for its industrial application
because these were suspected to be present from the physical characteristics
of the seed. Determination of its chemical composition was also made in terms
of water (moisture), carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and mineral matter.
Results showed 0.468 percent of glucose, 9.98 percent water, 3.52
percent crude fat, and 3.65 percent protein. Mineral matter was also found to
be about 2.77 percent. A qualitative test for starch was positive and when the
refined sample was mixed with water, it developed a dough-like structure
which indicates the presence of glutten.
Agriculture. Durian seed analysis.
0128
Raising market hogs to the right slaughter weight. Technology!, , 6(1):1-12
The growth of the swine industry is reflective of its profitability which is the
ultimate goal of any enterprise. To increase profit and to provide consumers
with quality pork, raisers must be guided properly as to the best weight at
which to raise their market hogs. Some factors to consider are the growth rate
of the pigs, their feed-conversion efficiency, the kind of feed used, and the
quality and quantity of pork at different slaughter weights.
The Department of Animal Science (now the Institute of Animal Science),
College of Agriculture, UP at Los Banos (UPLB), in collaboration with the
Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development
(PCARRD) initiated a project to determine the best weight in which to market
hogs.
Optimum growth rate of hogs is reached at 110 kg body weight. Beyond
this, growth rate declines. However, hogs raised to only 90 kg body weight are
more efficient in converting feeds into body weight gain. Hogs fed with
high-energy rations need lesser feed per unit gain in weight than those fed
with low-energy food. Hogs slaughtered at 90-130 kg have a higher dressing
percentage compared with those slaughtered at lighter weights. As the animals
grow bigger, however, the fat increases more in relation to the lean portion of
the meat.
Economic analysis indicates that maximum profit is obtained at 130 kg
when high-energy feed is given; and at 90 kg when low-energy rations are
used. At 130 kg slaughter weight, however, the proportion of fat in relation to
lean meat is higher.
0129
Rat control in coconut. Technology!, , 2(8):1-12
The coconut industry is one of the top dollar earners of the Philippines. For
1979, the industry earned US$1.03 billion. Coconut occupies one-third of the
total cropland of the country.
On a per hectare basis, coconut production is only about a ton of copra per
year. One of the causes of low production is rat damage. Two to 85% of total
immature nutfall may be due to rats.
Researches showed that rat damage can be effectively controlled either by
trunk banding, ground baiting or crown baiting.
Trunk banding is initially more expensive with an expected cost-benefit
ratio per hectare over a three-year period of P25.00 per peso invested.
In crown baiting, the expected cost-benefit ratio is P24.75 per peso
invested per month per hectare.
Rodent control will be more important with the implementation of the
coconut development program.
The program will especially introduce hybrids which are shorter, more
productive, and potentially more susceptible to rat damage.
Agriculture. Coconut rat control. Trunk banding. Ground baiting. Crown baiting.
0130 The rate of growth of Siganus guttatus fed with brown alga (Sargassum polycystum) and green
alga (Ulva lactuca) in cages in the marine waters of San Francisco, Cebu. Tanduyan, Serapion
N.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :322
Sargassum polycystum and Ulva lactuca are two kinds of algae abundantly
found at the coast of Northern Poblacion, San Francisco, Cebu. They are just
used by fish vendors to cover their fishes during marketing time and just drifted
by the current ashore, dried up and decomposed. Thus, these two kinds of
algae were tested as feed for cultured siganids (Siganus guttatus) to maximize
their utilization.
These study used the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with
three treatments and in each treatment has two replicate cages. Treatments 1,
the cages fed with brown alga: Treatment 2, fed with green alga and
Treatment 3, no feed given as control.
Each cage was stocked with 52 siganids fingerlings and fed daily with the
two kinds of algae based on 30% of the mean body weight of the stock for five
months using body weight, total length and body depth as indicators for
growth. The whole plant in each species of alga were utilized as feed in the
study.
Results of the study show that the siganid fed with Ulva lactuca (green
alga) had heavier body weight, longer total length, greater body depth and
high survival rate than the siganids fed with Sargassum polycystum and the
control.
0131 Response of converted BT corn hybrids against Ostrinia Furnacalis Guenee infestation under
limited field release condition. Fernandez, Eduardo C., Logroño, Manuel L.. Transactions of
the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :291-292
Corn borer, Ostinia furnacalis Guenee remains the number one insect pest
problem in corn production causing yield loss from 20 to 80 percent and under
heavy infestation will result to total crop failure. In this study, three locally
adapted corn hybrids converted with crylAb (MON 810) gene expression from
Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki were evaluated under limited field release
condition in the Agroseed Research Station at Lagao, General Santos City
together with their isogenic hybrids and local checks. The objective of the field
test was to verify the resistance reaction of these materials against Ostrinia
furnacalis Guenee observed under containment condition, and compare their
agronomic performance. Natural infestation was augmented by artificially
infesting about-to-hatch corn borer eggmass at the late vegetative and silking
stage. All safety guidelines required by the National Committee on Biosafety of
the Philippines (NCBP) in the conduct of the trial were rigorously followed. The
Bt corn hybrids exhibited highly resistant reaction in terms of leaf, stalk, and
ear feeding damage rating. Significantly, lower counts in the number of
entrance holes and length of tunnel in the stalk, number of entrance holes and
length of tunnel in the ear and the number of larvae anf pupa recovered from
plants sampled 90 days after planting was noted on the Bt corn entries
compared with the non-Bt entries. The trial also demonstrated the high
specificity of the Bt protein (delta-endotoxin) against the corn borer since many
beneficial non-target insects particularly Green lacewing, spiders and
coccinelid beetles were abundant both in the Bt and non-Bt plots. Aphid
population was also higher on the Bt plants. Bt corn yield of 7.1 to 8.5 t/ha was
significantly higher compared to the non-Bt corn yield of 4.4 to 5.1 t/ha
resulting in a yield difference of 1.6 to 3.4 t/ha or 30 to 69%. The susceptible
check, Supersweet yielded only 1.44 tons. The harvested ears of the Bt corn
also had better quality because of lower incidence of Diplodia ear rot and
Fusarium ear rot as a result of no corn borer damage on the ears. (Author\'s
abstract)
Fusarium ear rot. Diplodia ear rot. Ear quality. Feeding damage. Bacillus
thuringiensis. NCBP. Bt corn. CrylAb. Corn borer. Ostrinia furnacalis. Agriculture.
0132 Response of soybeans (BPI-L-114) as affected by different types of inoculants. Baltazar, Jr.,
Luciano A. , Salang, Eriberto. Research Journal, , 10(1):18-28
0133
Rice-fish culture increases farmer's income. Technology!, , 1(6):1-12
0134 Root rot swietenia macrophylla king. seedlings. De Guzman, E.D., Eusebio, E.C.. The
Pterocarpus: A Philippine Science Journal of Forestry, , :64-65
The incidence of the disease during the last 3 years ranged from 1% to
almost 50%. Two isolates of fungi were consistently isolated from diseased
seedlings. (Author\'s abstract)
0135 Root-zone application of carbofuran during dry season against major insect pests of
rice. Pascual, L.I., Gragasin, R.P., Barril, V.T., Balleque, E.R., Cahatian, R.P., Camarao,
G.C.. USM Research Journal, , 2(1):57-72
0136
Rubber intercropping. Technology!, , 4(10):1-15
0137 A science career in rice. Vergara, Benito S.. Transactions of the National Academy of
Science and Technology Philippines, , :51-58
0139 A simple and reliable proto for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in mango
(Mangifera indica L.). Pateña, Lilian F., Carlos-Refuerzo, Luzminda R., Barba, Ramon
C.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :300
0140
Sipa pump for low-lift irrigation. Technology!, , 8(2):1-16
0141
Sloping agricultural land technology. Technology!, , 8(5):1-16
Over the years, or upland areas have deteriorated rapidly due to excessive
soil erosion and illegal cultivation (kaingin). The uplands need to be conserved
because their degradation affects the lowland and coastal areas.
Aware of this, the Mindanao Baptist Rural Life Center (MBRLC) has
evolved the sloping agricultural land technology (SALT) over ten years of
experimentation and on-farm verification in Bansalan, Davao del Sur. Income
from upland farms using this scheme has increased from the traditional level of
P300 to P2,000 to as high as P12,000 to P15,000 per hectare per year in the
fourth to fifth year of operation.
Planting leguminous tree or shrub species closely as belts, this technology
conserves soil and water, making the uplands more favorable for the sustained
production of many annual and perennial agricultural crops.
The success of SALT has spread to the different provinces of Mindanao.
To date, about 200 farmers practice this technology in an aggregate area of
about 250 hectares. Selected agricultural schools and universities throughout
the country are also putting up hill-side SALT farms. SALT has also been
adopted as a viable project under the Kilusang Kabuhayan at Kaunlaran (KKK)
program and has benefited 2,000 farmers in Davao del Sur alone.
The government is currently piloting SALT in the different parts of the
country through programs such as the Integrated Social Forestry Program
(ISFP) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and
the Rainfed Resources Development Project (RRDP), funded by the United
States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the government of
the Philippines.
Today, with the rapid deterioration of our uplands, adoption of this
technology throughout the country is highly recommended with some
modifications, if necessary, to suit local conditions.
0142 Smallhold coconut farmers in Negros Oriental:. Cubelo, Jose Edwin C.. Silliman Journal, ,
48(1):43-62
The study analyzed the status and constraints of smallhold coconut farmers in
Negros Oriental, Philippines to provide the basis for interventions geared
towards boosting hteir productivity and income. Primary data were obtained
from key informants at the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA), and from
coconut farmers in nine municipalities in the province using survey
methodology. Secondary data were also collected. The participating farmers
are small scale with coconut landholdings averaging 1.40 hectares, slightly
larger than the provincial average of 1.32 ha, but about a hectare smaller than
the national average of 2.4 ha. Almost all are members of small coconut
farmers\' organizations (SCFOs). Among the PCA-initiated programs, majority
(56.4%) have availed of the corn seed dispersal project for intercropping,
39.8% participated in trainings on coconut-related technologies, and not many
(19.5%) have availed of the \"plant-now-pay-later\" program (PNPL) involving
improved coconut varities. Majority have experienced a decline in coconut
yield that was mainly attributed to poor crop nutrition, the most neglected
agronomic practice. Many follow a corn-coconut intercropping scheme in about
one-third of their coconut land holdings. Practically no product diversification
and very little value-adding activities are taking place with almost everyone
opting to produce and sell only copra from their coconut trees. Based on the
existing realities of the responding farmers, the following problems and
constraints were ascertained: 1( low coconut yield due to poor agronomic
practices; 2) low farm productivity due to underutilization of land resources; 3)
low farm income due to, among others, the absence of product diversification
and value-adding activities; 4) inefficient marketing system; and 5) lack of
access to support services, particularly in the area of production credit. A set of
interventions is suggested to address the plight of this farming sector.
Today, production has not kept pace with the expanding demand for
soybeans. However, availability of production packages could increase the
present average yield and the income of farmers as well.
The country\'s present soybean production could hardly meet the
requirement of the food and feed industries. In 1986, the country imported
370,712 tons of raw soybean and products to augment the national production
of 6,488 tons. Balance of trade during the same year was negative at
US$65.987 million.
Past researches on soybean were focused on the development of varieties
with stable yield, good agronomic characters and resistance to major pests.
Studies on the cultural management such as time and rate of planting, plant
density and cropping systems, nutrition, nodulation and nitrogen fixation were
also conducted.
To evaluate the applicability of soybean production technologies under
various agro-climatic conditions and to promote the commercial planting of
soybean in areas where it has a comparative advantage over other traditional
crops, the Soybean Pilot Production Program was launched in December
1983.
Static phase transition points of Znse and ZnSexS1-x (0.40 d" x d" 1) single
crystals in the high pressure region are determined based on the
transformation pressures of Bi I-II, Bi III-V and ZnS using the cubic anvil
method where the pressure-induced variation of resistance is measured. The
transition pressures of the samples vary linearly with the composition of ZnS in
the ZnSexS1-x . The shock compression curves of ZnSe0.85S0.15 single crystals
are also investigated. The pressure -particle velocity Hugoniot is found to
agree with the corresponding Hugoniots of ZnS and ZnSe up to the phase
transition point. The P-V isotherm of ZnSe0.85S0.15 derived from the Us – Up
Hugoniot is consistent with the calculated P-V curve based on Bridgman\'s
static data of ZnS and ZnSe. (Author\'s abstract)
0145 Studies on the ecology of diaphorina citri, kuway, in Batangas. Panaligan, Dante R., Celino,
Ciriaco S. Plant Industry Digest, , :4,5,18,19,30,31
The duration from egg to adult was found to vary from 17-24 days. Flushing
of citrus is generally controlled by rain particularly in non-irrigated area.
Although the population fluctuation of psylla has relation to the growth and
flushing rhythm of citrus, their relationships are not strongly indicated in this
study. However, seasonal abundance of citrus psylla is low during hot dry
period when the trees are semi-dormant in which there is a sudden population
rise at the onset of the rainy months of June, July and August. The powerful
mortality factor observed in this study is the knockdown effect of successive
typhoons on the population of Diaphorina citri, Kuway.
0146 Study on effect of fermentation-conditions and modeling of submerged batch process for citric
acid production. Pham, Chay B., Marquez, Raquel B., De Guzman, Jocelyn T.. Transactions
of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :361-362
0147 Sugarcane breeding and selection in Victorias Milling., Inc.. Jalando-on, R.R., Barredo,
A.T.. Victorias Agricultural Research Reports, , 16-21:53-62
0148 Supervised credit. Panol. Francisco Y., Flores, Virgilio R. . Victorias Agricultural Research
Reports, , 22-31:58-66
The present scheme of providing crop loan to the planters does not relate
to productivity objectives. The system has no provision for the rapid adoption
of new production technology, and expansion in previously uncultivated area.
Moreover, the loan is not tied up with a technical assistance mechanism to
ensure maximum benefit from the inputs.
A supervised credit program jointly undertaken by Victorias Milling
Company, Inc. and Republic Planters Bank for the Victorias Mill district is
presented as a new approach in sugarcane crop financing. Primary
consideration in this approach is productivity. In essence, it provides financing
based on actual requirement considering the production potential of the farm.
The program is a pilot project which if found successful can be used as model
for wider implementation in the industry.
0149 A survey on the incidence of sugarcane rust (Puccinia melanocephala H. & P. Sydow) in the
VMC Mill district, Negros Occidental. Serra, R.J., Barredo, F.C., Tianco, A.P.. Victorias
Agricultural Research Reports, , 32-41:44-49
Agriculture. Sugarcane rust (Puccinia melanocephala H. & P. Sydow). VMC Mill District,
Negros Occidental.
0150 Survival and growth of vitex parviflora juss grown in various potting media. Lasmarias, Victoria
T., Aumentado, Generosa C., Bucad, Armando U.. The Pterocarpus: A Philippine Science
Journal of Forestry, , :21-24
Molave, Vitex parviflora Juss., seedlings were potted in 7" x 8"
polyethylene bags in 10 different soil media. Eighteen weeks after potting, the
sand and humus mixture (equal volume) appeared to be the best medium in
terms of height grown, percentage survival and shoot-root ratio. Ordinary
garden soil (OGS) and humus (1:1) mixture, and OGS and sand (2:1) mixture
were the next two desirable media. Humus performed best in height growth,
but had the highest shoot-root ratio which was undersirable. Sawdust and
sand did not appear to be suitable soil media. (Author\'s abstract)
0151 Test on soil sampling techniques for plant parasitic nematodes on sugarcane. Serra,
R.J., Reyes, T.T.. Victorias Agricultural Research Reports, , 32-41:6-10
0152
The advertisement calls of two endangered species of endemic Philippine frogs:
. Brown, Rafe M., Dolino, Cynthia N., Alcala, Ely, Diesmos, Arvin C., Alcala, Angel
C. Silliman Journal, , 43(1):91-109
0153
The impications od decentralization for integrated coastal manangement sustainability in the
Philippines
. Sievanen, Leila Silliman Journal, , 44(1):230-264
In 1991, the Philippines passed the Local Government Code (LGC) which
transferred many coastal management responsibilities from the Central
Government to Local Government Units (LGUs). Based on a decentralization
framework proposed by Cohen (1999), this paper compares two case study
sites to determine the effects of two forms of decentralization on coastal
management outcomes and resulting sustainability implications.
Mabini-Tingloy, a popular tourist destination, is used to represent a case of
"institutional pluralism" while Bais bay is used to illustrate a case of a
"distributed institutional monopoly." While decentralized approaches are often
critiqued for limited resources, failure to encourage commitment of local
officials, lack of coordination between groups, and low local-level technical and
managerial capacity, this paper argues that a situation of institutional pluralism
has the potential to better allow non-central and private sector institutions and
firms to carry out task-related roles more accountably, effectively, and
efficiently than governmental institutions holding monopolies over public sector
tasks. In the Philippines, these institutions must have a good relationship with
the LGU since LGUs have a great deal of political power in the current
framework. Task will be carried out more accountability, effectively, and
efficiently in situations with an accountable private sector, political space
necessary to accomplish public sector task, and an expressed agenda to
accomplish these task. (Author\'s abstract)
0154 Third cropping residual effectivity of inoculant in combination with NP fertilizer on the growth and
yield of mungo. Pahm, Kundo E., Canoy, Evelyn C.. USM Research Journal, , 2(1):13-32
The residual effects of inoculant with varying rates of NP fertilizer did not
differ significantly on the third cropping. However, the third seed crop
exceeded the first and the second cropping in terms of growth parameters
such as plant height, growth increment, number of leaves formed, total dry
matter yield and bean yield.
0155 Tolerance of corn to some insecticides for corn borer control. Gergon, Henry S., de los Santos,
Roy B.. USM Research Journal, , 3(1):23-33
0156 Use of salt (sodium chloride) as fertilizer for coconut. Magat, Severino S.. Technology!, ,
10(4):1-15
0157 Utilization of local materials for the manufacture of fireclay refractories. Franco, Samuel
S.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :366
Local clay materials and river sand were used in the formulation of the
different refractory bodies. To increase the porosity and refractoriness of the
refractories, local materials were used like saw dust, rice hull ash and coal.
The proportions of the organic materials range from 2 to 10%. The refractories
o o o
were fired at 1050 C, 1150 C and 1200 C. Slabbing was used in the making of
refractories.
The porosity and the degree of refractoriness of the materials are directly
proportional to the organic content. However, the strength of the refractories is
inversely proportional to the organic materials added. The firing temperature of
1150oC was found to be the optimum temperature for firing refractories for
local application. (Author\'s abstract)
0158 Utilization of local red clay for the production of terra cotta by slip casting. Rivera Virtudazo,
Raymond V., Pugat, Coronalyn, Puyaoan, Alma, Tamayo, Bernie, Esquierdo, Cristeta, Apollo,
Ben Ezra, Dejeto, Rodrigo V.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :364-365
Majority of local red-firing clays do not fit the slip casting method because
red clays have a very complex behavior.
Result of the study show that Nangguyudan and Macayepyep red clays
exhibit good casting properties based on the fluidity, physical properties and
the experimental product that was produced in the research study. However,
Baligat red clay can be costable at formulation 70:30 (clay – sand ratio)
provided that it will follow specific procedure for casting methods. (Author\'s
abstract)
0159 Variations in karyotypic characteristics of different breed groups of water buffaloes (Bubalus
bubalis). Bondoc, Orville L., Flor, Ma. Carmela Grace T.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :309-310
0160 Viscosities of pure and binary mixtures of methyl laurate, methyl myristate and methyl palmitate
o
at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 C. Saquing, Carl D., Arquiza, Apollo C., Azul, Jeff. Transactions
of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :362-363
The viscosity was measured for the pure, binary mixtures for the lauric,
myristic and palmitic methyl esters (ME) and mixture for at least five MEs, at
o
temperatures 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 C and a pressure of 1 atm using a
capillary flow method equipped with a Ubbelohde viscometer. The data
measured already are many (about 80 data points) and of exceptional quality,
having relative standard deviations not exceeding 4.0% representing at least
three trials for each data point.
Finally, the viscosity of the methyl ester mixture produced from coconut oil
was found to be closest to the binary mixture of 70% methyl laurate and 30%
methyl myristate, hence can be a good approximation to the multicomponent
mixture. (Author\'s abstract)
Viscosity. Ubbelohde. Viscometer. Methyl esters. Methyl laurate. Methyl myristate. Methyl
palmitate. Mathematical model. Equipment design. Generalized equation. Carbon atom.
0161 Volatilization losses of nitrogen from urea and ammonium sulfate from selected soils of
Bukidnon. Sarcauga, R., Melodia, F.. CMU Journal of Science and Technology, ,
3(1):242-253
0162 Voltammetric determination of lead and mercury using carbon paste electrodes modified with
water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (MART) SOLMS.. Hernandez, Princess C., Santos, Jose
H., Revilleza, Ma. Jamela R., Flavier, Maxima E.. Transactions of the National Academy of
Science and Technology Philippines, , :367-368
0163 Yield response of ubi to different levels of np and k. Bayot, Ariel. Plant Industry Bulletin, ,
9(2):38-41
The study was conducted for two cropping seasons at different locations
(Farmer\'s Field), to determine the yield response of ubi to different levels of
NPK application and to know the best rate of fertilizer application that will give
the highest yield in terms of economic return.
The results of two cropping season trial revealed no significant differences
on yield and other agronomic characteristics. However, it was observed that
ubi plant when fertilized at a moderate amount of complete fertilizers (9-11
bags) per hectare can give a better yield with a viable net return.
Application of 9 bags (450 kgs.) complete fertilizer per hectare yielded
18.23 tons with an ROI of 175.25%, followed by the application of 2 bags (100
kgs.) urea per hectare (control) with a yield of 13.6 tons and gave an ROI of
150.78% and 113.6% respectively.
Agriculture. Ubi. Yield response. NP and K levels.
0164
Zinc fertilization in lowland rice. Technology!, , 2(9):1-12
BIOLOGY
0165 16S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Monje, Virginia D., Ward, RYK, Olivera,
Baldomero M., Cruz, Lourdes J.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 128(3):225-237
The phosphorus content of the major bones of male and female selected
mammals was determined using the yellow vanadomolybdate colorimetric
method. For each animal, the bone with the highest phosphorus content was
used as pilot sample. Varying concentrations of strontium were added to
solutions of the ashed pilot samples to minimize phosphorus interference in
the determination of calcium and magnesium using flame atomic absorption
spectrophotometry operated on the air-acetylene mode. At least 6,000 ppm
(0.6%) of strontium was required to give optimum results for calcium. The
amount of magnesium obtained from the analysis was not affected by the
addition of strontium. with the incorporation of strontium in the sample solution,
all elements of interest can be determined in the same sample solution. Based
on this, a procedure is proposed for the determination of calcium and other
elements in bones. Average recoveries of spiked calcium and magnesium
were 97.85% and 98.16%, respectively at the 95% confidence level. The
coefficients of variation obtained for replicate determinations using one of the
samples were 0.00% for calcium, lead and sodium, 2.93% for magnesium,
3.27% for iron and 3.92% for zinc at the concentration levels found in that
sample. Results from the proposed procedure compared well with those from
classical chemical methods at the 95% confidence level. It is evident that
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium which are the most abundant
elements in the bones are distributed in varying amounts both in the different
types of bones and different animal species, although the general trend is Ca >
P > Na > Mg for each bone considered. The calcium - phosphorus ratio is
generally 3:1. The work set out to propose an atomic absorption spectrometric
method for the multi-element analysis of mammalian bones with a single
sample preparation and to study the distribution pattern of these elements in
the bones. (Author\'s abstract)
Phosphorus interference. Bone minerals. Distribution. Calcium-phosphorus ratio. Biology.
0167 A botanical study of some underexploited medicinal plants. Roderos, Remedios R., Reyes,
Pauline T., Toledo, Dawn P.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :329-330
Polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis. Alkaloids. Tannins. Saponins. Glucosides. Ethnobotanical. Isozyme.
0168 Detection of putative tungro resistance genes in rice through mRNA differential
display. Romero, Gabriel O., Solis, Renando O., Uera, Raynato B.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :329
Whole blood and body fluids such as saliva and urine are the samples of
choice in routine human DNA testing. In forensic casework however, samples
may be hard material e.g. bones and teeth, or archival samples e.g.
paraffinized or formalin-fixed tissues. This work involved the development and
optimization of DNA extraction protocols that may be used when processing
these alternative materials. Using simulated casework, a protocol consisting of
(1) decalcification in EDTA for bones and teeth or deparaffinization in xylene
for embedded materials; (2) proteinase K and lysozyme treatment; (3) organic
solvent extraction; and (4) salting-out and isopropanol precipitation, was
optimized to give high-quality DNA extracts that are amenable to PCR-based
typing and RFLP analysis. Typically, the whole procedure can be completed in
2 days and cost of extraction is estimated at less than P20/sample. This
procedure is a feasible and efficient alternative to expensive kit-based
extraction methods. (Author\'s abstract)
0170 Directions of systematic entomology in the Philippines. Baltazar, Clare R.. Transactions of
the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :95-104
The orders of insects are tabulated together with the number of species
and subspecies under each order. Priorities in future studies chould be in
orders Coleoptera, (beetles and weevils) and Lepidoptera (moths). Other
recommendations and are enumerated.
The most critical problem is how to attract, train and nurture promising
scientists who wil be the future insects systematists. (Author\'s abstract)
0172 Diversity and foraging behavior of insect pollinators of vegetable crops in selected farms of
Nueva Ecija. Castro, Epifania P., Tumibay, Virginia C., Alberto, Annie Melinda
P.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :279
Ten (10) species of insect pollinators were identified and classified under
three orders, seven families and ten genera. Among these pollinators,
Hymenia recurvalis recorded the highest value in density, dominance,
frequency and importance value followed by Menochilus sexmaculatus.
The study found out that all pollinators randomly visited the flowers. Some
of them stayed for a longer period of time but some are not. It was also
observed that pollinators continue to forage and visit the flowers even though
they were already visited by other pollinators. However, the pollinators
preferred to stay in flowers which were not yet pollinated due to the presence
of nectar and pollen that serve as good sources of food for them.
0173 Diversity of Philippine derby spiders Neoscona species (araneidae, aranea). Barrion, Adelina
A., Barrion, Aimme Lynn A., Barrion, Alberto T.. Transactions of the National Academy of
Science and Technology Philippines, , :280
0174 The effect of using pelletized media on a-amylase production by solid-state fermentation in an
aerated packed-bed bioreactor. Arquiza, Apollo C., Jose, Wilfredo I.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :360
0176 Hybrids of Allium cepa L. x Allium fistulosum L. analyzed using random amplified polymorphic
DNAS (RAPDS). Duka, Evan Marcelo A., Enriquez, Marileth U., Lu, Chien-an, Engle, Liwayway
M.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :328
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDS) was used to verify the
interspecific hybrids of Allium cepa L. and Allium fistulosum L. Polymorphic
RAPD markers were identified. Forty primers were initially used, from which
thirty-one generated scorable bands. Of these, only thirteen primers showed
polymorphism among the parents of the five crosses. These were then used to
analyze and verify the progenies of each cross.
0177 Insects pests of bamboo shoots in the Philippines and their natural enemies. Apricho, Ma.
Amabel A., Caasi-lit, Merdelyn T., Lit, Jr., Ireneo L.. Transactions of the National Academy
of Science and Technology Philippines, , :285-286
Biology. Bamboo. Bamboo aphids. Pseudoregma spp. Palmicultor sp. Bamboo shoot
mealybug.
0178 Isolation, characterization and determination of bioremediation potential of oil-degrading
bacteria from the Manila bay. Lim, Sheila T., Halos, Ponciano S.M.. Philippine Journal of
Biotechnology, , 6(1):1-12
0179 Isolation, enumeration and identification of oil-degrading fungi in Pasig river. Yap, Richard
A., Halos, Ponciano S.M.. Philippine Journal of Biotechnology, , 6(1):29-40
Water and soil samples were collected along the Pasig River-EDSA and
analyzed for the presence of oil-utilizing fungi. A total of 16 fungi were isolated
from Pasig River by plating technique using modified Czapek Dox agar
medium with the diesel oil incorporated as the only carbon source. Of the 16
isolates, 14 utilized the hydrocarbon. The development of visible turbidity by
the yeasts and mycelial growth and dry weights of the mold isolates in the
amended basal salts medium correlated positively with hydrocarbon utilization.
Of the 14 isolates, 12 were molds and 2 were yeasts. Except for the two yeast
isolates, the rest belong to the Fungi Imperfecti. Three belong to the genus
Aspergillus, two were Botrytis cinerea, while the rest belong to the genera
Trichodarma, Aureobasidium, Botryotrichum, Goidanichiella, Humicola and
Phialophora. One fungal and two yeast isolates were not identified. The two
isolates that were not able to utilize the diesel oil in the liquid medium
belonged to the genus Aspergillus. Enumeration of population of the
oil-degrading fungi showed that areas fairly exposed to hydrocarbon
contamination contained a higher number of oil-degrading fungi than stations
which were relatively free from oil contamination. Statistical analysis using
Pearson product moment correlation showed that the prevalent pH had little
effect on the population of oil-degrading fungi in Pasig River whereas
temperature did not have any effect at all. However, variation in the number of
colony-forming units (CFUs) is possible depending upon the prevalent weather
conditions.
0180 Membrane pores. Pasternak, Charles A.. Transactions of the National Academy of
Science and Technology Philippines, , :187-192
Every cell in the body is surrounded by a narrow membrane that consists of
lipids and proteins. The lipids provide insulation from the external environment,
the proteins play an opposite role: they sense the environment and transmit
information to the interior of the cell. In many cases the signals are transmitted
through narrow pores across the membrane: the propagation of impulses in
nerves and the contraction of muscles are examples. Different types of protein
make different kinds of pore: some for the passage of specific inorganic ions
2+
like K+, Na+ and Ca , others for the passage of organic nutrients, like glucose
and amino acids.
Membrane pores across the cell membrane are also induced by a variety
of toxic agents. In this case the pores are non-specific and the outcome is
detrimental to the life of the cell, since essential ions and molecules leak out.
Agents as diverse as viruses, bacterial and animal toxins, low concentrations
of detergents and other molecules cause such pores to be formed. We have
found that these types of pore have certain properties in common. One is that
pores are closed by divalent cations: the action of zinc in this regard may play
a role in fighting off infections caused by some viruses and bacteria. Another
property is that if a voltage difference is applied across the pore, current does
not flow continuously, but oscillates between high and low conductance states.
Such fluctuations of current are typical also of the endogenous ion channels
+ + 2+
for K , for Na and for Ca , mentioned above.
This study aimed to trace the series of events that takes place during male
sporogenesis and gametogenesis and to classify the type of development in
Pittosporum resiniferum. The differentiation of the male reproductive structure
was also studied. For the process of microsporogenesis and
microgametogenesis, smears of pollen from the anther was used and
prepared. The modified paraffin technique was followed in the study of the
development of the microsporangium.
A novel peptide was purified from Conus textile venom which caused
hyperactivity in mice. The 31-amino acid peptide has six residues with unusual
post-translational modifications: four ý-carboxyglutamates and two brominated
tryptophan residues. This peptide, which we have designated the
dibromorunning peptide, is the first known gene product with multiple
bromotryptophan residues. We discuss the apparent non-random association
of ý-carboxyglutamate and bromotryptophan in Conus peptides. (Author\'s
abstract)
0184 The natural enemies of captive bred and range butterflies. Bayot, Rolando G., Padilla, Carlos
L., Cayabyab, Bonifacio F., Adorada, Jessamyn R.. Transactions of the National Academy
of Science and Technology Philippines, , :283
Range butterflies live freely in their respective habitats i.e., plain meadow,
forest and orchard while captive bred butterflies are grown inside enclosures or
in butterfly houses. Both group of butterflies are attacked by natural enemies.
0185 Optimization of growth conditions of the wild-type and mutant strains of the
pleuromutilin-producing clitopilus passeckerianus (pilat) sing. nrrl 3100. Vicente, Mark
A., Raymundo, Asuncion K., Quimio, Tricita H.. Research Journal, , :20-27
The most suitable substrates for the growth of C. passeckerianus wild-type
and mutant strain HP76 were found to be similar for both strains based on the
extent of mycelial growth. Mycological agar (MA) was selected as a suitable
agar medium while wheat bran was determined to be a suitable supplement for
mycelial growth. Vegetative growth was also most vigorous on sawdust
compared to the other solid substrates tested. The optimum physical
conditions, in terms of temperature and lighting condition, were also similar for
both strains when grown on wheat bran-supplemented sorghum grains.
Air-conditioned temperature (24C) was found to support better growth in both
strains compared to room temperature (29-30C).Lighting condition did not
affect mycelial growth. Hyphal strands were the only structures noted in the
growth of the wild type and HP76 when microscopically observed for five
weeks. Oidia formation was observed on two other mutant strains, LP1 and
LP2, grown using previously selected substrates and conditions.
0186 Philippine frogs of the Genus Platymantis (Amphibia:Ranidae). Alcala, Angel C., Brown, Walter
C.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 128(4):281-287
Platymantis. Hazelae group. Guentheri group. Dorsalis group. Murid rodents. Biology.
0187 Polymerase chain reaction-based technique for detection and monitoring of movement of mobile
elements in Ralstonia solanacearum.. Bagsic-Opulencia, Rina D., Fegan, Mark, Raymundo,
Asuncion K.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology
Philippines, , :288
0190 Probe for differentiation of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and x. oryzae pv.
oryzae. Raymundo, A.K., Perez, M.T.M. , Leach, J.E.. Philippine Journal of Biotechnology,
, 7(1):49-52
0191 Purification and partial characterization of alkaline protease from bacillus subtilis NRRL B-3749
(BIOTECH 1679). Centeno, R.M., Espino, T.M., Mercado, M.A.. Philippine Journal of
Biotechnology, , 7(1):25-34
0192 Spiders. Barrion, Alberto T.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :121-130
The diverse hunters, on the other hand, are the jumping spiders
(Salticidae); crab spiders (Thomisidae) and the wolf spiders (Lycosidae). In
irrigated rice fields, spiders are visible on the rice canopy and above water
environments during or immediately after transplanting in both wet and dry
seasons. Wide array of insect preys of spiders include collembolans,
dipterans, moths and butterflies, rice bugs, leafhoppers and planthoppers.
Entire prey spectrum consisted of 198 species belonging to 91 families in 14
orders of Class Insecta. Predation rates of spiders are known only in 14 taxa
comprising of four hunters and 10 web builders. The hunters are Lycosidae (3
species, 2 genera) and Oxyopidae (one species), while the web builders are
Araneidae (2 species), Linyphiidae (1 species), Theridiidae (1 species) and
Tetragnathidae (6 species). A community assemblage of these 14 taxa at
anyone time consumes 65 leafhoppers, 72 planthoppers, 26 rice stem borer
and leaffolder moths, 51 rice whorl maggot flies and 146 collembolans in a
day. In turn, spiders serve as hosts of 15 hymenopteran parasites, two
pathogens, a nematode as well as prey to bull frogs, toads, birds, ants, and
wasps. Natural enemies of spiders limit their effective and efficient use in the
natural biological control of rice insects pests.
0193 SSADM system data modeler. Magboo, Ma. Shiela A.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :265-257
Data models help ensure a good database design. However, most data
modeling tools are either pure data modeling tools or have some sort of
integration but is too costly for most people. To solve this problem, the author
created SSADM System Data Modeler, a computer-aided software
engineering (CASE) tool that supports both top-level and bottom-level
approach to data modeling. The tool conforms to the nations used in
Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) Version 4+, a
technique popular in the United Kingdom that supports the analysis and design
phases of information systems development [Goodland, 1995].
The objective of this study is to identify the basic data modeling features
that data designers look for and to show that SSADM System Data Modeler
satisfies most of these basic features.
0194 Studies on azospirillum as bio-fertilizer for potted sweet potato in volcanic ash-laden
soil. Lopez, PJ.S., Santos, T.S., Rasco, Jr., E.T.. Philippine Journal of Biotechnology, ,
7(1):35-48
Studies on the various factors that can affect sweet potato response to
Azospirillum inoculation show the following trends: Isolates. BSs 202 and Sp7
are better than BSs 8 and isolate XII. BSs 202 may be useful in less fertile
soils such as in volcanic ash while Sp7 is probably suited to a wider range of
soil conditions. Variety. Sweet potato varieties can be classified into three
categories based on their response to the effective isolate BSs 202: strongly
responsive, weakly responsive and unresponsive. Characteristics associated
with each response are described and varieties falling under each category
enumerated. UPLSP 1 and 88WS623 are classified as highly responsive.
Method of inoculation. Both dipping of cutting in Azospirillum-carrier water
suspension before planting and direct application of the Azospirillum-carrier to
the soil are effective depending on the desired response and variety.
Responses documented are interpreted as dosage effects with implications on
modes of action of Azospirillum.
0195 A study of lung flukes from the Philippines. Hui-Lan, Zhong, Cabrera, Benjamin D., Lian-Yin,
He, Zhi-Biao, Xu, Bao-Lian, Lu, Wei-Ji, Cao, Pei-Zhi, Gao. Acta Medica Philippina, ,
17(1):16-23
The lung flukes from Sorsogon in Luzon, Philippines have the following
features:
3, A few of the adult worms show the following features which are different
from those of Paragonimus westermani seen in China.
The ovary is 6-lobed with 1 lobe separating widely apart from the other 5
lobes.
Biology. Parasitology.
0196 The use of sargassum SPP. as a substrate for growing mushrooms. Corteza,
Dante, Sarmiento, Chona Q.. Research Journal, , 10(1):2-7
0198 USP grade lambda-like carrageenan from halymenia durvillaei bory de sainte vincent (short
communication). Briones, Annabelle V., Ambal, Wilhelmina O., Monroyo, Evangeline
C., Villanueva, Merle A., Estrella, Romulo R., Lanto, Eduardo A.. Philippine Journal of
Science, , 129(1):15-17
0199 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with some economically important spices and aromatic
plants. Venkateshwar Rao, G., Manoharachary, C., Kunwar, I.K., Rajeshwar Rao,
B.R.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 129(1):51-55
0200 A collection of bryophytes from Ambangeg, Bokod, Benguet and noteworthy species found in
the construction of bird's nests. del Rosario, Romualdo M., Lu, Juan L., Penecilla, Gerard
L.. Journal of Graduate Research, , 9(2):72-78
Fifty eight species of mosses, six species of liverworts and one specie of
hornwort are reported from Ambangeg, Bokod, Benguet. Eight species of
bryophytes; six species of mosses and two species of liverworts were
discovered as being used in the construction of bird\'s nests.
Ambangeg is a small barrio of Bokod in the province of Benguet located
o o
(16 31\'N and 120 50\'E) Northeast of Baguio City near the foot of Mt. Pulog,
the second highest peak in the country. It is a rugged highland area with an
elevation of 1370 m. The place, about three hours ride by bus from Baguio City
is almost surrounded by mountains. It is inhabited by a tribe known as the
Ibaloi or Ibinaloi. Agriculture is the main source of food and occupation. Rice
and vegetables are harvested from the terraces. The vegetation is of
secondary forest type with small patches of pine trees and grassland. While
the terrain does not permit the development of fishponds, some fresh water
fishes are caught from nearby rivers and streams. The manmade lakes of
Binga and Ambuklao supply fingering stocks of Cyprinus carpio Vinnaeus
[carps], Chanos chanos Forskal [bangos], Tilapia mozambica Peter [tilapia],
Glossogobius celebius (Cuvier and Valenciennes) [goby] Huro floridana (Le
Sueur) [black bass], and Ophicephalus striatus Block [mudfish].
The first collecting trip to Ambangeg was made in January 1978 by the
third author and Mr. Severino Reyse, NRCP 1.E-34 Scientific illustrator. The
trip yielded fourty nine specimens. In May 1979 a team composed of the
second and third authors together with National Museum Technician Mr.
Francisco R. dela Cruz re-explored the area and collected 50 specimens
including a bird\'s nest made of bryophytes. The set of bryophyte collection
from the area is deposited at the Philippine National Herbarium, National
Museum.
The specimens were identified and are listed below in phylogenetic order
together with the citation of collection and field number and notes on their
ecological habitats.
0201 Embryo and ovule culture of three woody fruit species. Magdalita, Pablito M., Valencia, Lolita
D.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :299
Embryo and ovule culture of avocado, lanzones and rambutan was done to
preserve the important genotypes identified in a mass selection breeding
programme. Immature or mature embryos of these woody fruit species were
excised from fruits of avocado, lanzones and rambutan and cultured on either
Murashige and Skoog\'of avocado and lanzones embryos was obtained using
half-strength MS supplemented with 2.2 uM benzyladinine (BA). Ovules and
embryos of lanzones and rambutan, respectively, germinated on either MS or
DF supplemented with 0.5 uM BA and 0.5 uM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA).
Germinated embryos were allowed to grow into full plants onto the same
germination medium. (Author\'s abstract)
0202 Molecular characterization of antherculture derived indica rice (Oryza sativa) variants.. Chico,
Martha V., Macabale, Sharon S., Desamero, Nenita V.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :290-291
0203 The morphology and identity of two species of balanophora in Bukidnon, Philippines. Amoroso,
Victor B., Semitara, Andrade C.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 128(4):319-330
0204 Potency of rhizobial strains from different environments to increase economic productivity in
some legumes. Ghouse Basha, M., Vivekanandan, M.. Philippine Journal of Science, ,
129(2):131-134
CHEMISTRY
0205 Acrolein content of the exhaust gases from alcogas and cocodiesel fueled
engines. Ochotorena, Zenaida Legaspi. The Technician, , 3(1):1-20
Acrolein present in the exhaust of alcogas and cocodiesel fueled engines
was determined by colorimetric method. The acrolein emitted in the exhaust of
alcogas fueled engines was about 2.1 mg/min whereas premium gasoline was
about 5.6 mg/min; diesel fueled engines emitted about 10.4 mg/min and
cocodiesel about 23.8 mg/min. The acrolein emitted by any of these fuels
increased with the increase in fuel intake and engine rpm. A change likewise in
engine operation such as idling to first gear also increased the amount of
acrolein in the exhaust. The acrolein was sampled by bubbling the exhaust
into ice water producing aqueous acrolein solutions which reacted with
M-aminophenol and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in HC1 medium to form
7-hydroxyquinoline whose maximum absorbance is at 345 nm. The reaction is
specific for acrolein and substituted acrolein compounds. Concentrations of
acrolein in aqueous solutions of about 0.03 umole per ml was determined by
this simple and fast procedure.
0206 Animal manure and mycorrhiza applied singly and in combination for the control of the rice
root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfield) in green onion (Allium
fistulosum L.). Diongzon, Maria Lima D., Gapasin, Ruben M.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :304
The studies conducted in pot experiments aimed to: (1) evaluate the effects
of different animal manure on the growth of green onion and Meloidogyne
graminicola population and development and to identify the most effective
rates against this nematode (2) determine the suppressive effects of
combining vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) and animal mature against
the nematode and (3) determine the effects of time of application of
mycorrhiza-animal manure combination on onion growth and nematode
development and population.
The different animal manure (cow, chicken, goat, sheep and pig) improved
the growth of green onion. However, the chicken and cow manure at 5 and 10
tons/ha significantly reduced the number of galls, egg masses and nematode
population in roots and in soil compared to the lower rate of 2 tons/ha.
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) combined with the animal manure
increased the number of spores and mycorrhizal infection that resulted in a
lower number of galls, egg masses and nematode population in roots and in
soil. VAM-chicken manure gave the highest reduction of these parameters that
ranged from 69 to 92%. When VAM and the animal manure were applied 2
and 4 weeks before the nematode, the number of VAM spores and percent
VAM infection were higher which resulted to 84-89% reduction in galls and egg
masses. Likewise, nematode population in roots and in soil was also reduced
in these treatments. Top and root weights were higher in plants pre-inoculated
with VAM and animal manure. (Author\'s abstract)
0208 Bioefficacy of Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin against the migratory locust, Locusta
migratoria manilensis Meyen, on sugarcane. Recuenco, Julieta D.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :305
The outbreak of the migratory locust in Central Luzon and other parts of
Southern Luzon prompted the need to develop control strategies to effectively
reduce the insect\'s population. One of these methods is the application of
environment friendly biotic agents like the entomophathogenic fungus,
Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metsch.). Sorokin commonly known as green
muscardine fungus. This was tested against the locust using different inoculum
densities and sources. Spraying locust nymphs of varying ages with the fungus
8
at 10 conidia/ml, gave 100% infection and mortality. The older hoppers had
faster and more infection with higher percent mortality. The older hoppers had
faster and more infection with higher percent mortality than the younger ones.
Infection of hoppers and adults was significantly greater at higher inoculum
8 4
density (10 conidia/ml) than at lower inoculum density (10 conidia/ml). M.
annissopliae – infected males at different male to female ratios resulted in
higher percent mortality on 1:1 male to female ratio (87.5) than those
inoculated with 1:5 male to female ratio (68.75). Comparing M. – infected
males and M. – infected rice hull, M. – infected males afforded faster infection
than M. – infected rice hull. The result indicate that M. anissopliae is an
effective and promising biological control agent against the destructive
migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen, that damages
sugarcane. (Author\'s abstract)
0209 Combinatorial chemistry. Rodriguez, Evelyn B.. Transactions of the National Academy of
Science and Technology Philippines, , :215-238
0210 Comparative colorimetric and colorfastness evaluation of textiles dyed with indigo (indigofera
tinctoria) powder produced from Aurora, Aklan, and Negros Occidental, Philippines. Cabansag,
Jeannie Lynn J., Fenoy, Rudy C.. Samay, , :26-35
Indigo dye extracted from indigo (indigofera tinctoria) plants grown in Aurora,
Aklan and Negros Occidental were applied to abaca (Musa textilis), cotton
(Gossypium hirsutum), pineapple (ananas comosus), and pineapple-silk (A.
comosus-Bombyx mori) fabrics and silk yarns. The dyed fabrics and yarns
were analyzed colorimetrically to compare the color difference in terms of
lightness and color saturation of adsorbed dye. Color strength of adsorbed
indigo dye in terms of Kubelka-Munk\'s K/S values was derived from the
reflectance value of 650 nm, the wavelength of maximum absorption of indigo,
and compared with the indigo found in the said localities. Colorfastness (CF) to
laundering and perspiration were determined and expressed as color change
and staining on different standard fibers. Colorimetric data of dyed textile
materials showed prominent darkness and greatest blue saturation for Aurora
indigo, while comparative lightness and blue saturation almost nearing
bluish-green coordinates were observed for indio from Aklan and Negros
Occidental. Dyed textiles from the three localities have similar features of the
spectral reflectance curves but textile materials dyed with indigo from Aurora
exhibited the highest (K/S) intensity of adsorbed dye. Textiles dyed with indigo
from Aklan and Negros Occidental showed satisfactory CF to laundering and
perspiration, with minimal changes in color and staining, while Aurora
indigo-dyed textiles showed most prominent fading and staining.
0211 Dyeability, color, and performance of naturally dyed jute (corchorus olitorius) fabrics. Carino,
Argentina T.. Samay, , :43-53
The increasing demand for jute-based products prompted the study on its
dyeability and colorfastness (CF) properties when using natural dyes. Ten dye
sources were used in this study annatto (Bixa orellana), guava (Psidium
guajava), young coconut (Cocos nucifera), duhat (Syzygium cumini), indigo
(Indigofera tinctoria), cogon (Imperata cylindrica), mahogany (Swietenia
macrophylla), mayana (Coleus blumei), talisay (Terminalia catappa), and
yellow ginger (Curcuma longga). Various mordanting conditions were
considered to determine their effect on color and dye affinity for jute fabrics.
Generally, low ratings were obtained for the CF to laundering test while CF to
rubbing test showed acceptable ratings except for annatto and talisay.
Reflectance measurements also revealed the effectiveness of CuSO over
alum as mordant. The established PTRI technologies on dye extraction and
application were found suitable for jute dyeing indicating the potential of
natural dyes for the dyeing of jute fabric. Moreover, this study supports the
latest innovations using jute as a substitute to existing natural and synthetic
fibers for natural dyeing.
0212
Effects of temperature and moisture content on tensile strain at fracture in the tangential
direction of Northern red oak and aspen
. Bello, Emmanuel D.. The Pterocarpus: A Philippine Science Journal of Forestry, , :6-13
The tensile strains at fracture in the tangential direction of northern red oak
were about 3/10 to 7/10 of that of aspen. Within the moisture content range
o o
from 6 to 18% and temperature range from 80 to 170 F, the fracture strain of
aspen increased linearly with either increasing temperature or moisture
content. In the case of northern red oak, the relationship of this property with
either of the two factors followed a quadratic curve. For both, a significant
interaction between moisture content, within the hygroscopic range, and
temperature was also present, denoting that the effect of temperature was
intensified as moisture content increased below the fiber saturation point.
The two relationships of fracture strain with moisture content over the entire
hygroscopic range at a constant temperature followed complex sigmoid
curves. (Author\'s abstract)
0213 Essential oil and phytochemical analysis of pandan-mabango. Tarro, Juanita A., Astillero,
Nhilda. Research Journal, , 6(2):2-9
This study was designed to serve as a confirmatory test for the presence of
essential oil in the leaves of pandan and chemical constituents present in the
roots.
With the process of steam distillation and solvent extraction using di-ethyl
ether as the solvent, extraction of oil was unsuccessful.
However, the phytochemical analysis of the root parts showed the
presence of condensed tannins. Negative results were obtained in the analysis
of alkaloid, flavonoid and anthraquinone.
0214 Extraction and analysis of oil from Marang seeds (Artocarpus Odorotissima Blanco). Molina,
Isidore Ma. M., Astillero, Nhilda. Research Journal, , 6(2):10-18
This research aimed to extract and analyze oil from marang seeds. The
percentage yield of the oil was determined. The different analyses conducted
gave information about the physical and chemical properties of the oil which in
turn led to the possibility of using the oil for food preparation or for any soap
making.
The average percentage yield of the oil by solvent extraction method using
diethyl ether as solvent is 22.979. This oil was used to make soap.
The soap formed was not as hard as those of other commercial soaps in
the market. Its color was yellow-brown. The soap was however of inferior
quality due to the unrefined extracted oil. However, the extracted oil could be
used for industrial purposes since it is of high glyceride content and soaps are
glycerides or esters of long chain fatty acid.
0215
Extraction of wax from okra leaves. Barbaso, Delilah Caneda. Research Journal, , 4(1):36-46
This study deals with the extraction of wax from okra leaves using methods
and procedures simple enough to be adopted by the rural folks. The age of
okra leaves which gives the greatest yield of wax, the method of extracting the
wax that is economical and high yielding and some of the physical
characteristics of the extracted wax were determined.
Maximum percentage yield of wax by solvent extraction using acetone was
16.55% with the mature leaves giving the greatest yield of wax.
0216 Fuel bricks from sawdust and styrofoam. Fernandez, Pilar Nieman. Research Journal, ,
5(1):47-59
0218 Interaction of Anthocephalus chinensis (lank) rich. ex. walp and Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosb.
. Zabala, Neptale Q.. The Pterocarpus: A Philippine Science Journal of Forestry, , :1-5
Results showed that mixing the two species had no advantage over pure
stands of the same species in terms of both volume growth and survival. Insect
infestation was very light, and no difference was observed between species or
between pure and mixed stands. More Moluccan sau trees were broken and
wind-thrown than Kaatoan bangkal trees. (Author\'s abstract)
0219 Management of the golden apple snail menace through environment-friendly approaches. Dela
Cruz, Mario S., Joshi, Ravindra C.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :305-306
0220 Mechanism of resistance of peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. against peanut leafhopper Empoasca
ricei dworakowska and pawar. Sison, Maria Luz J., Adalla, Candida B.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :303
Five peanut entries, namely NC Ac 343, Myra (PC), UPL Pn4, UPL Pn6,
and IPB Pn83-68-140 were tested to determine the mechanism of resistance
to the peanut leafhopper, Empoasca ricei Dworakowska and Pawar. These
were selected based on different levels of resistance to E. ricei. NC Ac 343
was the most resistant entry, which showed both antibiosis and antixenosis
effects. This entry had the lowest number of adults that settled on the test
plants and had twice the number of trichomes per microscopic field than those
of the susceptible cultivars IPB Pn83-68-140 and UPL Pn6. Nymphal
development was longer while adult longevity was comparatively shorter on
the resistant cultivars NC Ac343 and Myra (PC). A significant negative
correlation was found between various morphological characters and number
of adult leafhoppers. (Author\'s abstract)
0221 Medicinal plants commonly used by Yakan tribes in Bato-Bato, Lamitan and Tumahubong,
Basilan Province. Fermo, Hanagrace F., Dimaguila, L.S.. Research Journal, , 8(1):4-12
This study aimed to determine the medicinal plants that are commonly
used among Yakan tribes of Bato-Bato (Lamitan) and Tumahubong, Basilan
Province.
The information obtained from interviews with the herbolarios includes the
common name, parts used, preparation and prescriptive use of the plants.
Twenty-one of these plants were collected for their taxonomic classification
and identification.
The active constituents of one promising plant, Kapok (Ceiba pentandra),
were determined phytochemically and microbiologically. The extraction was
carried on with ethyl alcohol as solvent.
Results show the presence of saponins, tannins, and flavonoids.
Results for the microbiological test show that the active principles in Kapok
are not capable of killing microorganisms, particularly, Escherichia coli and
Candida albican, the test of organisms used.
0222 Medicinal plants in common use among the Subanon of Malongon, Malangas, Zamboanga del
Sur. Sanchez, Nilda S., Dimaguila, L.S.. Research Journal, , 8(1):13-19
0223 Outdoor test facility for solar flat-plate collectors. Ramos, Henry J., Reyes, Edgardo
S.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 5(2):33-47
An outdoor test facility based on the open-loop design has been developed
for determining the efficiency of solar flat-plate collectors. The applicability and
adoption of the various published standards on collector testing like the
ASHRAE, AFNOR, DIN/BSE, EIR and CSIRO under actual Philippine
climatological conditions are discussed. Features of the developed test facility
are described and results obtained using one of the published standards are
presented. (Author\'s abstract)
Sodium nitroprisside contains cyanide ligands that are not easily replaced
chemically. An effort has been to substitute this ligand by another anionic
ligand like bromide. The rate of this photochemical reaction has been observed
spectrophotometrically in the presence of cadmium sulphide as a
semiconductor. The effect of different parameters like pH, intensity of light,
concentration of sodium nitroprusside and bromide ion on the rate of this
substitution reaction has been studied. The product was isolated and
characterized by different analytical methods. A tentative mechanism for this
photochemical substitution has been proposed. (Author\'s abstract)
0225 Strength Evaluation of flexible securing systems for ship's deck-stowed containers. Vea,
Reynaldo B.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 5(2):48-65
0226 Studies of Zamboanga City clay samples for ceramics and brick making. Dimaguila,
L.S., Bucoy, V.F., Rubio, Y.O.. Research Journal, , 4(2):22-27
Clay samples from two barrios of Zamboanga City, namely, Tumaga and
Boalan, were subjected to physical and chemical tests to determine their
suitability for ceramics or brick making. Results of the tests were compared
with acceptable standards reported by Atienza (1976) and Erfe (1964).
Results of the tests show that Tumaga clay, with just a little modification in
body composition, is a potential raw material in ceramic making. Likewise,
tests indicate that Boalan clay, mixed with palay ash, in the proportion of 60%
clay and 40% palay ash, produces a suitable material for either ceramics or
structural bricks.
0227 Sulfonation of clean and contaminated polystyrene (styrofoam). Manalac, S., Senador, Jr.,
A., Escoto, A.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 29(2):79-92
This study investigates the efficiency of the direct method of sulfonation or the
addition of sulfuric acid to clean and contaminated polystyrene or Styrofoam
and the comparison of the ion exchange capacity of clean and contaminated
poystyrene.
The sulfonation process was divided into four sets of experiments. The first
part was to determine the correlation between the time of sulfonation and ion
exchange capacity(IEC) of sulfonated polystyrene (SPS using clean
polystyrene; the second part was to test the replicability of the sulfonation
process using clean polystyrene; third part was to verify the calculated IEC and
sulfonation degree by performing the regeneration process and the last part
was the sulfonation of the contaminated polystyrene.
These values indicate that the method of sulfonation employed was able to
introduce sulfonatate groups both for the clean and contaminated polystyrene
with apparent greater effectivity for the contaminated polystyrene. (Author\'s
abstract)
0228 Wash fastness of cotton fabrics dyed with annatto (bixa orellana) powder and treated with
dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU). Yutoc, Ryan C., Carillo, Elbert C., Divinagracia,
Ma. Christine A., Leano, Jr., Julius L., Enerva, Lorna T.. Samay, , :20-25
Greige woven cotton fabrics were scoured, bleached, mordanted and dyed
with annatto (Bixa orellana) dye powder at different conditions of dyeing
temperature, liquor ratio, and concentrations. The dyed cotton fabrics were
treated with a crosslinking agent, dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea
(DMDHEU), to evaluate the effect of the crosslinker on the color and
colorfastness performance of annatto-dyed cotton fabrics. The results revealed
the enhanced colorfastness to laundering performance of cotton fabrics dyed
with annatto powder under different dyeing conditions subsequently treated
with DMDHEU. The crosslinked fabrics resistance to fading when exposed to
direct sunlight gave improved fastness properties compared with the untreated
annatto-dyed cotton.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
0229 On computing the input to a discretized linear system. San Juan, Christian B.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 4(2):73-80
In some applications, there is the need to compute for the input signals of a
linear system knowing the form of the output signal. This is normally true in
physiological and mechanical systems, especially in the field of robotics. A
simple way to do this is by discretizing the state equation. The resulting
equations are not only easy to manipulate but also amenable to computer
solutions.
0230 Value-based utility broker for jitter management of voice on IP networks. Pedrasa, Jhoanna
Rhodette I., Festin, Cedric Angelo M.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 26(2):57-74
0231 Wave model for coastal structures. Gregorio, Enrico G.. Philippine Engineering Journal, ,
4(2):91-98
Wave models as a planning and design tool are used to predict the
influence of environmental conditions on a proposed harbour layout. These
models have to satisfy similarity criteria as described herein. Factors such as
wave climate, scale selection, hydrographic surveys, instrumentation and
documentation influencing the design of the wave models are discussed. The
use of wave disturbance test and stability test in arriving at the optimum port
layout and breakwater cross-section, respectively is also explained.
ECOLOGY
0232 Chaos in the activated sludge process. Quano, Ely Anthony R.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :193-213
Using the basic kinetic model for the completely mixed activated sludge
process, the chaotic behavior of the system was studied. The study also
identify the process and design variables creating chaos and estimate the
ranges of those design and operating variables within which chaos takes
place. The study confirmed that the activated sludge process is unstable when
operated under (i) a very short detention time less than 2 hours; (ii) very
stringent effluent quality, i.e. less than 2 mg/l, and (iii) very high influent COD
concentration with detention time set at 4 hours or less. Increasing the
detention time increases the system stability. (Author\'s abstract)
0233 Some facets o upland development in the Philippines. Sajise, Percy E., Baguinon, Nestor
T.. Scientia Filipinas, , 2(1):3-17
In the Philippines, the upland problem is real. Home to about five million
Filipinos who live below the poverty level, the upland areas which comprise
31% or roughly one out of every three hectares in the country are fast
succumbing to rapidly encroaching human settlements with survival practices
incompatible with the fragile upland environ. Development, the authors stress,
is not exploitation. In the uplands, it means not only a productive and
protective crop cover nor merely a feasible system of land use, but one that is
also socially acceptable-one that enhances human development. Dissecting
the upland phenomenon, the authors advance a strategy for upland
development that is strictly Filipino, emphasizing that any effort to upgrade the
uplands must encompass not only the upliftment of the man-land systems but
must also stabilize the man-and-man relationships.
0234 An inventory of the butterfly species (lepidoptera, rhopalocera) of the upper Imbang-Caliban
watershed, north Negros forest reserve, Philippines. Slade, Eleanor M., Turner, Craig
S. Silliman Journal, , 44(2):158-183
0235 Negros avifauna:. Turner, Craig, Tamblyn, Alexia, Dray, Robert, Ledesma, Jose-Maria,
Maunder, Louisa, Raines, Peter Silliman Journal, , 44(2):136-157
The avifaunal species richness and levels of endemism in the Philippines are
of global importance, yet the country has the highest number of threatened
restricted range bird species in the world. Despite this, few studies have
attempted to assess areas for conservation. Coral Cay Conservation (CCC)
has recently completed an inventory survey of the birds of the North Negros
Forest Reserve (NNFR), Negros Occidental, Philippines. The Mackinnon list
surveys completed across six habitat types during 2002 identified 96 species
from 35 families, of which 68 (69%) were endemic to the Philippines. The
species records include several IUCN Red Listed species and the results of
the survey are used to give a preliminary assessment of the conservation
importance of the different habitats of the NNFR for threatened,
near-threatened, restricted range and endemic bird species. These results
further stress the need for long-term conservation management of this
remaining forest area.
0236
PASIG:. Zafaralla, Macrina T.. Scientia Filipinas, , 2(1):36-44
Monitoring is not enough in dealing with the major causes of pollution in the
Pasig River. The monitored parameters must be related to the socio-economic
conditions which pollution directly or indirectly affects. Since pollution is an
offshoot of several causes, it can be solved through a vigorous and sustained
interdisciplinary approach. The conduct of the study (one of the subjects of a
doctoral dissertation) was, by and large, a singular effort without, of course,
precluding expert advice particularly on its scope. Despite the relatively short
time frame within which sampling and analyses were conducted, certain
biophysical phenomena were identified. These phenomena were in relation to
fluctuations in the economic life of various occupational groups that depend on
the river for their livelihood. The purely scientific imperatives of the study were
linked with pragmatic, down-to-earth issues to present a panoramic view of
pollution and to open areas of mutual responsibility and, hopefully,
collaborative effort among scientists in the natural and social sciences, on one
hand, and the policymakers, on the other.
0237 Protected areas for biodiversity conservation and environment education in the
Philippines. Bagarinao, Teodora. Philippine Journal of Science, , 128(3):191-209
0238 Rotavirus and afebrile seizure. Caro, Glovelyn S.. Philippine Scientific Journal, ,
43(1):21-24
Case Summary: This is a case of a 2-year old girl admitted due to upward
rolling of the eyeballs and stiffing of extremities. Four days prior to admission,
she had four episodes of non-projectile vomiting of previously ingested milk.
There was no other associated sign or symptom. Three days prior to
admission, she was no longer vomiting but had 4 episodes of yellowish to
greenish, non-mucoid and non-blood streaked watery-based stools. She was
brought to a private physician and was advise oral rehydration solution which
she tolerated. The diarrhea persisted, prompting another consult one day prior
to admission. She had normal urinalysis and was told to continue the ORS as
needed. A few hours prior to admission, she had upward rolling of eyeballs
and stiffening of all extremities lasting for 2 minutes. She was to the ER and
was subsequently admitted. She had 2 previous admissions for seizures:
benign febrile convulsion secondary to acute gastroenteritis. She was seen by
a neurologist and was worked up. However, her EEG blood count, stool
examination, urinalysis and electrolytes were all normal. This 2-year old girl
had a history of recurrent seizures associated with diarrhea. She had no
neurological deficit after each occurrence.
0239 Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP). Samoy, Elmer P., Mainimtim, Eva Marie T., Adlao, Julius,
Bartolome, Vincent, Pabilonia, Teresa Philippine Scientific Journal, , :25-31
Result: The mean age of the patients was 32 years old, with a 15:1 male to
female ratio. The initial attacks were common in the early morning (68.75%)
and during the warmer months of the year, February to May (56.25%). The
mean duration of the paralytic attack was 28.19 hours. All patients had bilateral
lower extremity involvement, and 56.25% had concomitant bilateral upper
extremity involvement with lesser intensity. Majority (75%) had moderate
muscle weakness with motor grade of 2-3/5. The precipitating factors were
strenuous activity, eating salty foods and cold exposure. Cardiac rhythm
disturbances noted were atrial fibrillation, non-specific ST-T wave changes and
incomplete right bundle branch block. All patients had hypokalemia upon
admission and had normokalemia upon recovery of motor function. Majority
(50%) received potassium replacement only. Others received a combination of
ß-blocker with potassium replacement and or an anti-thyroid drug. (Author\'s
abstract)
EDUCATION
0240 Capitalizing on organizational knowledge:. Baconguis, Rowena. Silliman Journal, ,
48(1):63-74
0242 An economic review on the productivity and profitability of the two Philippine coconut tall
varieties. Magat, S.S., Canja, L.H.. The Philippine Journal of Coconut Studies, ,
32(1-2):23-39
Two known tall varieties of coconut in the country were considered in this
analytic work to generate indicative information and knowledge on the
productivity and production economics in growing tall coconut varieties. These
are Laguna Tall (LAGT) and Baybay Tall (BAYT) grown at the genetic blocks
of Zamboanga City, which is a coastal-flat area of Western Mindanao and an
intermediate growing zone of coconut. The data from establishment,
maintenance and yield for the first 15 yr from field-planting (FP) were used in
this simple production economic analysis, a practical tool for decision-making
in coconut farming.
Between the two coconut tall varieties evaluated, Baybay Tall has
consistently demonstrated its high yields and its highly desirable attributes
than the traditional Laguna Tall variety. BAYT had an earlier initial harvest of 6
yr compared to 7 yr of LAGT. It is also generated higher gross return, net
returns, benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.66-4. 12 vs 1.05-3.30 for LAGT, and
earliest break-even year (BEY) of 9 yr vs. 14 yr at a copra price of P14/kg.
Based on the results, BAYT deserves more attention in terms of profitability;
suggesting more planting materials should be grown in coconut farm locations
similar to conditions of intermediate growing zone of coconut. Implications in
coconut planting/replanting, palm productivity and profitability as influenced by
the different planting materials are discussed with respect to policies in
coconut industry development. (PhP 49 = 1 US$) (Author\'s abstract)
0243 Two lectins from the leaves of mahogany, Swietenia macrophylla KING. Rodelas, Abigail Joy
D., Lacsamana, Marivic S., Merca, Florinia E.. Transactions of the National Academy of
Science and Technology Philippines, , :379-380
Crude leaf extracts of twelve Meliaceae species were screened for lectin
activity using the hemagglutination assay. Eight of these species namely,
Azadirachta indica (neem), Dysoxylum cumingianum (tara-tara), Melia
azedarach (chinaberry/paraiso), Melia dubia (bagalunga), Sandoricum
koetjape (santol), Swietenia macrophylla King (large-leafed mahogany),
Swietenia mahogany (small-leafed mahogany) and Toona calantas (kalantas)
gave positive results. The strongest lectin activity was observed in the crude
leaf extract of Swietenia macrophylla King.
The two purified lectins from the mature leaves of Swietenia macrophylla
King namely, Lectin 1 and Lectin 2, were both non-blood type specific because
they agglutinated all human blood types (A,B,O and AB) However, only Lectin
1 was able to agglutinate the calf, swine and carabao erythrocytes used in the
study. Hapten inhibition assay using all four human blood types showed that
the sugar specificity of Lectin 1 was directed towards several sugars such as
L-(+)-arabinose, D-(+)-mannose, D-(+)-galactose, á-L-rhamnose,
methyl-á-D-mannopyranose, D-(+)-glucosamine, sucrose and â-D-(-)-fructose
while the agglutination reaction of Lectin 2 was not inhibited by any of the
sugars tested. Both lectins were found to be glycoproteins containing 0.50%
and 1.57% carbohydrate, respectively.
SDS-PAGE gave two protein bands for Lectin 1 with estimated molecular
weights of 210 and 200 kD. For Lectin 2, only one protein band was observed
with a molecular weight of approximately. (Author\'s abstract)
0244 Reactions of married tausog women toward birth control methods and their implications to
population education. Bernardino, Emilia T.. Research Journal, , 4(1):47-52
This study aimed to identify the reactions of married Tausog women of San
Raymundo, Jolo, Sulu and their implications to population education.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the reactions of married Tausog women of San Raymundo
toward the different methods of birth control?
2. What are the birth control methods married Tausog women accept and
use?
3. What factors affect their birth control practices?
4. How may the findings of this study be used in the community?
The hypotheses tested were:
1. Married Tausog women of San Raymundo, Jolo, Sulu, have negative
reactions toward birth control practices.
2. The commonly accepted and used birth control methods are: the herbs,
prolonged breastfeeding, and the pills.
3. Factors that affect their birth control practices are: lack of knowledge,
husband\'s attitudes, financial status, and fear of side effects.
The respondents involved in this study were 200 married Tausog women of
San Raymundo, Jolo, Sulu. The instrument used was a checklist-questionnaire
patterned after a questionnaire being used by the Family Planning Clinic of
World Neighbors, Zamboanga City. The checklist-questionnaire consists of two
parts. The first part deals with birth control methods. To supplement this
questionnaire, personal interviews were conducted to insure validity and
reliability of this study.
0245 Science and culture and education for change part II. Bernido, Christopher C., Carpio-Bernido,
M. Victoria. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology
Philippines, , 26(2):268-276
0246 Science culture and education for change part I. Carpio-Bernido, M. Victoria, Bernido,
Christopher C.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology
Philippines, , 26(2):243-267
ENGINEERING
0247 Acetylcholinergic receptors in the CA1 region of the rat. Salunga, Thycudides L., Kawashima,
Takashi, Akaike, Tadashi, Sugai, Tokio, Onoda, Norihiko, Matsunami, Ken'ichi. Transactions
of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :339
Optical responses were recorded from the rat hippocampal slices (450
µm), stained with a voltage sensitive dye, RH 482 (0.01%), using a real-time
optical recording system to study the cholinergic influence on hippocampal
activity. The recording system consists of a camera head with a 128 x
128-photodiode array with a high time resolution of 0.6 ms. Electrical
stimulation was applied through a bipolar electrode placed in the fornix to
stimulate the cholinergic pathway.
We conclude that the inhibitory effect of acetylcholine and its agonist can
be brought by activating the muscarinic receptors in the GABAergic inhibitory
interneurones. This activation increases the excitability of the interneurones
and that synaptically released. Ach increases interneural activity. The partial
effect of muscarinic antagonist aatropine suggests that only muscarinic but
also nicotinic receptors are activated as demonstrated by the effect of
d-tubocurarine. (Author\'s abstract)
0248 Analysis of defect structures in silicon solar cell materials. Mena, Manolo G.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 6(1):66-73
Three (3) solar cells fabricated from EFG ribbons were subjected to
quantitative defect analysis on several surface planes. The internal planes
were observed by removing surface layers of silicon atoms by chemical
dissolution. The results show that the average dislocation pit density varies
from one surface plane to another. The procedures for chemical polishing and
etching, as well as the process of quantitative defect analysis are also
discussed.
0249 Analytical generation of stress-strain properties of coir fiber reinforced composites in axial
compression. Jorillo Jr., Pablo A., Verdejo, Benjamin D., Lopez Jr., Romeo G., Baarde,
Reynaldo O. . Philippine Engineering Journal, , 16(1):27-48
0250 Analyzing impacts of transportation infrastructure and policies on traffic flow in Metro Manila
using advanced tools and techniques. Regidor, Jose Regin F.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 25(1):1-14
0251 Applications of machine vision in agriculture. Paita, Bernabe L.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 19(1):35-54
The juice from the ripe fruits of S. cumini L. was freeze-dried while the
unripe fruits of M. paradisiaca L. was extracted using ethanol as solvent. Each
crude fruit extract dissolved in water was given orally at a dose of 1.25g/kg BW
to nondiabetic and diabetic Swiss mice at different prandial states: fasting and
postprandial. Blood was collected at different time intervals through the ocular
vein. Concentration of glucose in the blood was determined by
glucose-oxidase method. The hypoglycemic activity was expressed in terms of
% reduction in the blood glucose level.
Acanthamoeba. Keratitis. Riboprinting. RFLP. Small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. Isoenzyme
analysis. Cluster analysis. Cyst morphology.
0255 Assessment of traffic inputs to pavement design and rehabilitation. Regidor, Jose Regin
F., Damaso II, Romeo A., Bilugan, April Rose V.. Philippine Engineering Journal, ,
26(2):1-12
Traffic and the consequent loads that vehicles transfer to the roads are
major factors considered in pavement design. Heavy vehicles, particularly
trucks that carry the largest loads cause the most damage to pavements. In
the design process, axle loads attributed to heavy vehicles are derived and the
total equivalent standard loads are estimated over a design period. The total
loads are then utilized in coming up with the appropriate design that takes into
account pavement type and thickness, among others. This paper analyzes the
traffic inputs to pavement design through assessment of actual highway
sections along the Pan-Philippine Highway also known as the Doa Remedios
Trinidad Highway. Original design loads due to previous projections of traffic is
compared to present loads and new projections of future traffic loads. As such,
pavement performance level could be gauged and the adequacy of current
pavement types and thickness can be determined. Recommendations are
formulated and proposed in relation to the importance of accurate traffic inputs
in pavement design, especially the development of heavy vehicle factors that
allow for a more accurate estimation of equivalent axle loads as well as
implications to economic design of pavements.
0256 A background on system identification in structural engineering using kalman filter. Oreta,
Andres W.C.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 12(2):11-28
System identification is an important step towards the aim of evaluating the
existing condition, assessing the degree of damage and deterioration and
predicting the response of structures. In this regard, this paper aims to provide
the structural engineer a background on the application of system identification
in the field of structural engineering using Kalman filter techniques. The basic
concepts in system identification and parameter estimation are described and
the linear discrete Kalman filter algorithm used to carry out the system
identification is summarized. To illustrate the system identification by Kalman
filter, a single degree-of-freedom system was analyzed. A survey of
researches related to this field is also presented.
0257
Beams. Pacheco, Edgardo S.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 14(2):71-74
Engineering. Beams.
0258 Bilinear henstock-stieltjes integral. Jamil, Ferdinand P., Canoy, Jr., Sergio R.. Transactions
of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :353-354
r
0260 On cayley algebras of dimension 2 , r > 4. Cawagas, Raoul E.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :354-355
r
The existence of Cayley Algebras of Dimension n = 2 is established by
construction using a new procedure called the ZSM Process. These algebras
form a class of flexible real algebras that includes the Cayley-Dickson algebras
as a subclass. If r e" 4, one of the smallest algebras of this type is the
4
sedenions S (n = 2 ) which contains as subalgebras the real numbers R (n =
0 1 2
2 ), complex numbers C(n = 2 ) quaternions H (n = 2 ), all of which are
3
associative, and the Cayley numbers (octonions) O (n = 2 ) which is
nonassociative. This paper shows that these real algebras have a common
r
structural base (the Klein group of order n = 2 ), and they all belong to a single
r
family composed of classes of Cayley algebras of dimension 2 . (Author\'s
abstract)
0261 New challenges in building fire safety. Roque, Rolando G.. Philippine Engineering Journal, ,
12(2):39-45
As building grow higher and their uses become more complex, and as
plastic-based combustible loadings increase, building fires become a complex
problem. Dramatic progress has been made in fire protection engineering.
Unfortunately, our local building and fire codes have lagged behind the current
technology. Direct code application may not be the best and most economical
solution. Alternative solutions must be equal to or better than the code
requirements. Building fire safety is not accomplished only by installing a
sprinkler system, but must also include an egrees system that affords an
acceptable level of life safety, an alarm and detection system that is reliable,
an effective smoke control system, an economical fire protection covering for
structural members, and a strategy for maximizing the capabilities and
resources of the fire department. Integration of the various fire protection
features is the new challenge in building fire safety.
Engineering. Fire protection engineering. Direct code application. Egress system. Fire
suppression. Smoke control. Structural fire resistance.
0262 Channel utilization of a half-duplex ARQ protocol for packet radio channels. Abaya, Efren
F.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 12(2):1-10
ARQ is a common error control method for terrestrial data transmission. The
different types of ARQ are reviewed, and channel utilization characteristics are
summarized. A half-duplex go-back-N ARQ method is presented as a model
for the AX.25 ARQ protocol used in packet radio, and an equation for channel
utilization is derived and analyzed.
0264 Characterizing the spatial pattern changes of urban heat islands in Metro Manila using remote
sensing techniques. Pereira, Rosalyn A., Lopez, Epifanio D.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 25(1):15-34
This study characterizes the spatial pattern of urban heat island (UHI)
phenomenon when in situ measurements are not available. Images obtained
from remote sensors operating in the thermal infrared wavelength of Landsat
Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) were used to
derive the surface temperature of Metro Manila from 1989 to 2002; thereon,
the formation of urban surface heat islands became apparent. The impact of
urbanization to surface urban temperature is noticeable-the average annual
rate of urban growth is found to be 1.33 percent while the rise of UHI has an
annual growth rate of 0.8 degrees Celsius. Likewise, increase in land surface
temperature is related to the decrease in leaf biomass. These were evident
from changes in land cover parameters such as fractional vegetation cover
and surface moisture availability. These parameters were derived by
computing the normalized differences vegetation index (NDVI) from the
images.
Engineering. Spatial pattern changes. Urban heat islands (UHI). Remote sensing
techniques. Landsat thematic mapper (TM). Enhanced thematic mapper (ETM+).
0265 Cloning and sequencing of the LYS3 gene encoding homoaconitase in Penicillium
chrysogenum. Teves, Franco G., Casqueiro, Javier B., Raymundo, Asuncion K., Martin, Juan
F.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :338
0266 Coding telephone numbers to avoid "wrong numbers". Abaya, Efren F.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 17(2):1-28
0267 Combining local and global features for offline handwriting recognition. Cajote, Rhandley
D., Guevara, Rowena Cristina L.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 26(1):21-32
0268 Comparing diesel fuels at various T90 distillation temperatures. Denoga, Gerald Jo C., Quiros,
Edwin N. . Philippine Engineering Journal, , 25(2):23-34
The performance of a Diesel engine was evaluated using fuels with varying
T90 distillation temperatures. The T90 distillation temperature is an indicator of
the yield of Diesel fuel extracted from crude oil. A higher T90 can translate to
better utilization of raw petroleum resources. This experiment verified if high
distillation temperatures have any effects on torque, power, specific fuel
consumption and emissions. Engine vibrations were also measured and
analyzed using accelerometers. Tests were done on a light truck engine
connected to a chassis dynamometer.
0269 Computation of block error rates with randomly varying block sizes. Abaya, Efren
F.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 6(2):35-43
Block error rates (BLER). Engineering. Block sizes. Analytic and numerical computations.
0270 A computer program to determine the lateral critical speeds of flexible rotors. Paran, Alexander
P., Si, Willie C.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 6(1):30-45
0271 Conical grate rice husk combustor for grain drying. Hien, Phan Hieu, Quick, Graeme R., Cruz,
Ibarra E.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 14(2):21-44
An experimental conical grate rice husk furnace was designed, fabricated, and
tested in Los Banos at the Agricultural Engineering Division of the International
Rice Research Institute. Experiments were performed with the furnace under
suction from an axial-flow fan. Drying air efficiency of the furnace was found o
lie in the range 60-80 %. At a rice husk burning rate of 32-38 kg/hr, the furnace
was compatible with a flat-bed dryer demand of 4-6 tons/batch for 6-8 hr
continuous operation. The furnace has a simple cable-type transmission which
provides synchronized fuel feeding and ash discharge, and is lightweight
relative to its heat load. The charred ash from the furnace contained from 6 to
15 % unburnt carbon and was amorphous, as examined by the X-ray
diffraction method. Problems in continuous operation of the gasifier-combustor
were identified, the major constraint being rice husk feeding flow at high
temperature. A rice husk gasification equilibrium (RHGE) model was
developed to predict gasifier performance. The model used a reactivity factor
Rf to account for biomass reactivity relative to that of graphite, and took
account of the ash content and the %Unburnt carbon of rice husk in the mass
and heat balance equation. Comparison between RHGE model-generated
data and published experimental data showed that the model adequately
predicted gasifier performance.
0272 Continuous beams on elastic supports. Pacheco, Edgardo S.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 16(1):119-134
0273 Corrosion behavior of steel bar in chloride contaminated mortars with fly ash. Madlangbayan,
Marish, Otsuki, Nobuaki, Nishida, Takahiro, Baccay, Melito. Philippine Engineering Journal,
, 26(2):13-24
In this study, the corrosion behavior of steel in mortars with fly ash was
investigated. Electrochemical measurements including the half-cell potential,
current density, anodic polarization and cathodic polarization were performed.
The test results showed that corrosion current densities in chloride
contaminated fly ash mortars with longer curing are within the passivity limit.
Also, from the anodic polarization curves, the passivity grades in chloride
contaminated fly ash mortars with longer curing were the same as Ordinary
Portland Cement (OPC) mortars which indicates that mortars with this binder
can provide passivity to steel bars as effective as OPC mortars. Moreover, by
cathodic polarization test, fly ash mortars exhibited the ability to reduce oxygen
availability which leads to enhancement in corrosion performance.
0274 Corrosion of grinding media. del Rosario, Jr., Antonio F., Mena, Manolo G.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 6(2):54-69
0276 Cytogenetic effects of sambong (Blumea balsamifera L.) tablets on human leukocytes cultured
In vitro. Rabe, Rannie R., Lapitan, Delinia G., Azote, Candy B., Eusebio, Artemus F., Mendioro,
Merlyn S., Villamael, Luisa N., Tandang, Rosalina N.. Transactions of the National Academy
of Science and Technology Philippines, , :342
0278 Delamination in plastic packages. Mena, Manolo G.. Philippine Engineering Journal, ,
18(1):67-78
0279 Design and development of a two post rotary-percussion drilling rig. Borlagdan, Paterno
C.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 16(1):103-118
A two-post Rotary Percussion drilling rig (AMDP Model 2 Drilling Rig) for
shallow tubewell irrigation development was successfully developed at the
Agricultural Mechanization Development Program, University of the Philippines
at Los Banos.
Consisting of a 5 horsepower horizontal shaft gasoline engine as the prime
mover for rotary drilling, 4 horsepower direct coupled water pump for jetting,
overhead platform mounted on two post system, a reduction gear box, hoist
and cable system sub-assembly, sliding engine mount sub-assembly and
basic strut supports; it is capable of drilling into various soil formations up to
100 feet and even deeper.
This paper presents the design features and especial capabilities of said
drilling rig.
0280 A design methodology for implementing RF CMOS low-noise amplifiers in a 0.25 µM CMOS
process. de Leon, Maria Theresa Gusad, Alarcon, Louis Poblete. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 29(2):1-16
0281 Design-storm unit-hydrograph computer program. Templo, Jr., Pedro T.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 12(2):47-66
The estimate of the design flood is one of the governing inputs for the
selection and sizing of many infrastructures. While the design storm unit
hydrograph approach is one of the most reliable method for the estimate of
flood magnitude, its computation if done manually, is too tedious. A computer
program should make he method usable to a number of practicing
hydrologists.
The present method was applied to the Open/Closed book data (Mardia,
Kent, Bibby, 1979). The data cover 88 students who took examinations in the
five area subjects namely mechanics, vector, algebra, analysis, and statistics.
The examinations of the five subjects were administered using a closed book
and an open book method. A two-factor model is assumed and the canonical
factor analysis was applied based on the correlation matrix.
The results showed that the two individuals No. 82 and 75 are the most
influential among the 88 observations. It was observed that omission of these
two observations is not small and influence appears mainly in the loading and
communalities of the two subjects, that is in variable 1 (mechanics) and
variable 2 (vector).
Considering the whole data set, the study revealed that there are two
factors extracted namely: "Closed book test: and "Open book test". Omission
of these two observations resulted to a vague structure, which suggest that the
two individuals play important role in the analysis. (Author\'s abstract)
0283 Determination of all elementary nafil loops of order 7. Layno, Renilda S.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :355
This paper deals with the study of elementary NAFIL loops of small order.
In particular it presents studies on the determination of all elementary NAFIL
loops of order n = 7 using the software FINITAS. This software was developed
as a tool for the analysis and construction of finite algebraic structures.
The results shoe that there are exactly 2,333 NAFIL loops of order n = 7
out of which 16 are abelian and 2,317 are non-abelian. Out of the 16 abelian
NAFILs, 8 are elementary. Of the 2,317 non-abelian elementary NAFILs,
exactly 681 have one self-inverse element. To date we have determined about
176 non-abelian elementary NAFILs of order 7. Most of these elementary
NAFILs have Cayley table that are full permutations. Moreover, many of these
have no known loop properties like IP (inverse property), AP (alternative
property), CIP (cross inverse property), etc. The search for other elementary
NAFILs of order 7 is still continuing. (Author\'s abstract)
0284 Development of a car ownership model in Metro Manila. Rubite, Caesar P., Tiglao, Noriel
Christoper C. . Philippine Engineering Journal, , 25(1):35-50
The Metro Manila region has been continuously growing swiftly over the past
years. This rapid urbanization in the city center has spilled over its periphery,
the adjoining municipalities. Accessibility between the outer periphery and the
city center becomes very critical especially when people seek employment
within the city center. With the lack of efficient transit system on one hand, and
improved socioeconomic characteristics of the household on the other, the
demand for provate cars is expected to increase also. However, the limited
supply of road space cannot keep pace with increasing demand. Therefore, it
is necessary to manage the growth of car ownership in metropolitan areas. A
basic understanding of individual and household attitudes towards car
ownership would enable the formulation of effective policies and plans for
managing car ownership. Knowledge of car ownership paves the way for a
better understanding of the people\'s behavior which will greatly affect policy
formulation and analysis in the future. The research is concerned with
determining the various household characteristics which influence the
household\'s decision to own a car. This decision is modeled as a binary
choice incorporating the different household and individual characteristics as
explanatory variables. The study used data taken from the Metro Manila Urban
Transportation Integration Study Home-Interview Survey (HIS) database. The
research revealed that the major factors affecting household decision to own a
car are household income and number of working adults.
0285 Development of a cellular automata modeling tool on a cluster computer. Saldaña, Rafael
D., Yu, William Emmanuel S.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :358
(2) Each site, or cell, in the CA lattice can be in one of a finite number of
states.
Cellular automata. Cluster computer. Parallel computing. Excitable media. Modeling and
simulation.
0286 Development of a centrifuge for high-speed centrifugal extraction of moisture from macerated
water hyacinth. Calilung, Edwin J.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 19(2):13-42
0287 Development of data, models and techniques to determine optimal reliability level of electric
power supply for the Philippines. Viray, Francisco L., del Mundo, Rowaldo R., de la Cruz,
Donato S., Ojeda, Ma. Concepcion O., Pangilinan, Ma. Lourdes D.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 12(3):69-92
Engineering. Electric power supply. Data, models and techniques. Optimal reliability level.
0288 The development of multiple objective programming methods for forest land management
planning. Bruce Bare, B., Mendoza, Guillermo. Philippine Engineering Journal, ,
4(1):92-110
0289 Digital signal conditioning of bioelectric signals:. Rodriguez, S.V., Guevara, R.C.L.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 20(2):6-17
This paper presents possible ways of implementing digital Finite Impulse
Response (FIR) filters in microprocessors to perform signal conditioning on
biomedical electropotential signals, specifically electromyogram (EMG) and
electrocardiogram (ECG). Digital filters are useful for these applications
because of the flexibility offered by these filters as compared to their analog
counterparts. This study focuses on the FIR type of digital filters because of
their potential to minimize the distortion introduced to a signal. Different FIR
filter design implementations are presented in order to come up with a
comparative performance of the different implementations. The filters will be
compared based on performance, accuracy, cost and complexity.
Requirements and recommendations will be made describing various
alternatives in digital filter implementation.
0290 Diversion requirement estimation for paddy rice irrigation systems. De Vera, Maximo
R.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 12(1):1-14
0291 A DSP-based solution to the early identification of hearing impairment. Valentus, Vincent Peter
C.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 17(1):63-70
This paper describes the development of a low cost DSP solution for the
early identification of bearing impairment. The desire is to develop a
cost-effective, highly sensitive, and easily administered screening system for
the evaluation of human hearing acuity.
The proposed system is called EARTEST. EARTEST is basically a
DSP-based screening audiometer capable of performing pure tone air
conduction testing.
Engineering. EARTEST.
0292 EEE student mortality-performance analysis. Denoga, Gay Marie C.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 20(1):1-8
This is a study of students performance/mortality in the EEE curriculum for the
UP EEE Classes of 1990 to 1996 based on student grades in the DEEERS
database incurred within the time frame from 1991-1997 using Digital Signal
Processing techniques, for the purpose of obtaining a measure of, and
predicting a student\'s course completion capability.
0293 Effect of percentage alumina on the growth kinetics of copper and hardness of Cu-Al2O2
composite. Velasco, Angelito A., Digsay, Charmaine Florabel A., Balajediong, Jennifer
M.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 25(1):51-60
In this paper, the effect of the amount of alumina reinforcement on the growth
kinetics of copper grains during the early stages of sintering and hardness of
the composite was investigated. Samples were obtained by mixing the
powders of copper and alumina of different compositions (5% and 10%wt
alumina) and compacting at 3,000 psi. Sintering is done using a tube furnace
in a nitrogen atmosphere for varying times (10, 20, 40, 80, 160 minutes) and
temperatures (750C, 850C, 950C). Afterwards, the samples were prepared for
metallographic examination and the average grain size of copper was
measured. Photomicrographs showed an increase in copper grain size and
decrease in porosity with increasing temperatures. From the kinetic study, the
following grain growth equations for 5% alumina and 10% alumina
copper-matrix composite were obtained. Hardness measurements were
performed using the Vickers Hardness Tester. Higher hardness of the
composite was attained at increased temperatures and % alumina.
0294 Effects of light quality and duration on the germination of anthocephalus chinensis rich. ex walp.
seeds. Quintos, M.M., Sandoval, L.D., Dela Cruz, R.E.. The Pterocarpus: A Philippine
Science Journal of Forestry, , :44-46
The effects of different light quality and exposure time on the germination
of Kaatoan bangkal, Anthocephalus chinensis Rich. ex. Walp., seeds were
studied. Seeds were exposed to four light-quality treatments: white, red,
yellow, and blue lights. Seeds exposed to white and red lights gave
significantly higher germinations (78% and 73%, respectively) compared with
those exposed to yellow (59%) or blue (0%) light. Blue light significantly
inhibited germination. Transferring the seeds exposed to blue light to 12-hour
while light significantly reversed the inhibition process giving 53% germination.
Other seeds were exposed to continuous white light, 12-hour white light and
12-hour dark periods, and continuous dark conditions for 20 days. Seeds
exposed to 12-hour light and 12-hour dark periods gave higher germination
(72%), than those seeds exposed to either continuous lught (13%), or
continuous dark (1%). Seeds exposed to either continuous light or dark
treatments, when transferred to 12-hour light and 12-hour dark periods
significantly increased germination to 67% and 55% respectively. (Author\'s
abstract)
0295 Effects of pulsed operations on isothermal reactions in a CSTR. Escoto, Angela D.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 6(2):70-84
This paper shall look into the possible effects of deliberate unsteady state
processing brought about by introducing sinusoidal fluctuations to stable
plants. This practice is commonly referred to as PULSED operations. Effects of
input disturbances such as sinusoidal variations in feed rate and/or feed
composition are reflected on the time average value of the system output. It
will be shown that the time average performance from periodic reactor
operation is sometimes superior to that obtained from steady state processing.
The following cases are considered: (1) second order, irreversible reaction in
an isothermal CSTR, 2A-B and (2) results of work done by other authors on
complex reactions using parallel reactions, 2A-B and A-C, and consecutive
reactions nA-B-C.
0296 Efficacy and safety of sucralfate enema in the prevention of radiation proctitis. Atienza, Melflor
A.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :343
0300 An energy-saving idea for airconditioning systems in phased construction projects. Santos,
Arturo Martin B.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 12(3):107-110
0301 The engineering innovation center:. Abis, Leopoldo V.. Philippine Engineering Journal, ,
19(2):1-12
Engineering. Engineering innovation center. Goals and strategy. Industry and academe
collaboration.
0302 Engineering manpower and training needs of the various industries vis-a-vis curricular/training
programs in selected engineering schools. Viray, Francisco L., de la Cruz, Donato S., Chan,
Ma. Rosario L., Doma, Jr., Bonifacio T., Chan, Ma. Concepcion L., Ojeda, Lourdes
O.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 14(2):85-94
0303 Expert systems in production. Ong, Victoria D., Raneses, Nestor O.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 15(1):9-16
0304 Expressions dynamics of genes implicated in limb development. Mangahas, Paulo Miguel
F., Sajise, Sheila C., Palmes-Saloma, Cynthia. Transactions of the National Academy of
Science and Technology Philippines, , :332-333
0305 Fabrication of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells by screenprinting. Mercado, Candy
C., Amorsolo, Jr., Alberto V.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 26(1):45-54
0308 Fuzzy logic based decision system for the local control of signalized intersections. Ravago,
Reuben J.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 17(1):55-62
The objective of this study is to develop a fuzzy logic based system which
will effectively control a 4-lane intersection. The controller is based on fuzzy
logic and it has two inference engines which determine the actions in the
intersection. One fuzzy logic engine decides the phase length for a direction
pair while the other decides the phase splits. The system is adaptive in that it
makes decisions based on currently available traffic data. Testing of the
system against a conventional traffic simulation have shown very favorable
results.
0309 The generic network modeling language (GNM). Magtubo, Erville D.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 17(1):19-32
0310 A groundwater database for Metro Manila and Laguna lake basin. Liongson, Leonardo
Q.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 12(3):15-48
A groundwater database for Metro Manila and Laguna Lake Basin has been
initiated in 1990 together with an on-going three-year research project on the
conjunctive management and modeling of surface water and groundwater
resources in the region. Through a formally organized multi-agency linkage
and cooperation, a substantial collection of all agency-sourced secondary
groundwater and other related data (circa: 1950-present)has been achieved
after the first year. The regional database so far consists of 201 technical
reports and publications, 234 maps of various types, lithology and other well
data for 5911 wells, groundwater level data for 57 observation wells, water
quality data for 35 sampling stations, streamflow and lake stage data for 29
surface water stations, climatic data for 17 climate stations, and
seismic-reflection and georesistivity data for aquifer geometry. Aside from its
immediate use in the on-going project, the database has other important
long-term applications. The database collection and functions are being
continually augmented and enhanced in order to realize their long-term utility
and potential as a source of vital groundwater information for the general user,
as management tool for water resources planners and technologists and as
generator or research information and studies to be conducted by faculty,
researchers, students, and practising engineers.
Engineering. Groundwater database. Metro manila. Laguna lake basin.
0311
Group technology in systems integration. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 15(1):63-84
Engineering.
0312 Household electricity consumption in the Philippines. Dalusung III, Alberto R., Lagman, Anneli
S.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 14(2):45-70
0313 A hypothetical perpetual motion machine of the second kind. Viray, Arnold M.. Transactions
of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :359
Any device for converting heat into work is called a heat engine, whose
operation involves, typically, the following:
e 1 – T /T
max = 2 1
This equation, which defines the maximum thermal efficiency, affirms that
assumption on which the second law depends; i.e., a heat-to-work conversion
requires a temperature difference. Thus, if we are to harness the heat content,
say, of the atmosphere at 300 K in order to operate a conventional heat
engine, we must provide another reservoir at a sufficiently lower temperature.
0314 An improved microwave radiometer for measurements on the human body. Osterrieder,
S., Schaller, G.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 4(1):36-43
0315 The influence on temperature of noise, air velocity and window area during chamber
tests. Santos, Arturo Martin B.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 19(2):85-93
0316 Kinematic analysis of three-link spatial mechanisms containing sphere-plane and sphere-groove
pairs. Hernandez, Jr., Manuel V., Ghosal, Ashitava, Sandor, G.N., Kohli, D.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 4(1):53-76
0317 Light-mediated response of Anabaena sp. strain BATG-01 to salt stress. Cao, Ernelea
P., Conopio, Mark Arthur S., Gayao, Louie Leonides M., Platon, Petrocelli O.. Transactions of
the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :336
0318 Material characterization and modeling of silicone putty using fractional derivatives. Hernandez,
Jr., Jaime Y., Tanzo, William. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 20(1):25-34
57 57
0319 Mean lifetime measurement of the 14 keV state in the transition of Co to Fe. Garcia, Merlita
C., Bacala, Angelina M.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :352-353
57 57
In the beta decay of Co to Fe the de-excitattion of the second excited
state to the first excited state gives off a 122 keV gamma ray photon while the
de-excitation of the first excited state to the ground state gives off a 14 keV
gamma ray photon. In this decay made the emission of the gamma photons
are in cascade and are then considered to be coincident. Lifetime
measurement uses the principle of the method of coincidence.
Two different detectors were used: a 2" in diameter by 2" thick scintillator to
detect the 122 keV gamma photon and a 1" in diameter by 0.25" thick
scintillator to detect the 14 keV gamma photon. Using the Nuclear
Instrumentation Modules (NIM) and the Computer Automated Measurements
and Control (CAMAC) modules such as the Analog to Digital Converters
(ADC) and the Time to Digital Converters (TDC) with their proper calibrations,
and a macro in fortran, the energy spectran of the particles of interest incident
on these detectors were viewed in the monitor of a personal computer and the
time between the detection of these two energies determined. The ADC and
the TDC spectra were analyzed using the ROOT data analysis system for
histogramming and fitting.
Results showed that the individual time spectrum for each set of data taken
on different times gave a mean lifetime value for the 15 keV state which
agrees well with an internationally accepted value of 141 ns.
Lifetime. Gamma
photons. Scintillator. Photomultiplier. NIM. CAMAC. ADC. TDC. Energy spectrum. Time
spectrum.
0320 Measurement of the W boson mass using the JLC study framework(JSF). Arogancia, Dennis
C., Sanchez, Allister Levi C., Magallanes, Jingle B., Gooc, Hermogenes C., Bacala, Angelina
M., Fujii, Keisuke, Miyamoto, Akiya. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :349-350
The Standard Model (SM) asserts that the matter is ultimately composed of
three generations of pointlike particles called quarks and leptons and their
intermediary particles called gauge bosons; all of which have been directly
observed to date except for the Higgs boson. To search for this elusive
particle, the Asian high energy physics community has proposed a
next-generation linear accelerator facility to be built in Japan called the Joint
Linear Collider (JLC) which runs at center-of-mass energies of 500 GeV to 1.5
TeV.
0321 Measuring process capability. Raneses, Nestor O.. Philippine Engineering Journal, ,
15(1):17-40
Pinus caribaea.
0324 Microelectronics design for the Philippine Electronics Industry. Deoma, Aileen Joy
A., Tabangcura, Michelle Marga C., Sabido, IX, Delfin Jay M.. Philippine Journal of ICT &
Microelectronics, , 1(2):45-48
0325 MMDF electronic mail. Abaya, Efren F.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 14(2):75-84
E-mail is a system for sending electronic messages through a computer
network. This paper discusses the internal processes of a mail system in a
Unix and TCP/IP environment, focusing on the Multi-channel Memorandum
Distribution FaciliTy (MMDF).
0326 Modeling land use change:. Ballesteros, Jr., Florencio, Qui, Zeyuan. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 29(2):57-78
0327 Moisture and thermal degradation of cyanate-ester-based die attach material. Gonzales, John
Ivan J., Mena, Manolo G.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 18(1):13-35
Engineering. Metallurgical engineering. Low temperature die attach (LTDA). Hermetic die
attach technology. Moisture and thermal degradation. Infrared spectroscopy.
0328 Morphological and flexural properties of lightweight gypsum based fiber reinforced
composite. Jorillo Jr., Pablo A.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 16(1):1-25
0329 Mosfet dosimetry for radiotherapy interface measurements. Bengua, Gerard, Rozonfeld,
Anatoly, Metcalfe, Peter. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :351-352
The good agreement between the data obtained by the MOSFET with that
of Attix chamber, Radiochromic film and Monte-Carlo EGS4 simulated data
indicated the viability of its use as a clinical dosimeter for interface dose
measurements. (Author\'s abstract)
0330 Mutagen-induced chromosome lesions. Enriquez, Ma. Luisa D., Postor, Irene Q., Cheng,
Christine R., Hamoy, Geohana L., Santos, Doris R., Natividad, Filipinas F.. Transactions of
the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :344
0331 A new method for the kinematic analysis of planar four-bar mechanisms. Hernandez, Jr.,
Manuel V., Si, Willie C.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 6(1):46-55
A convenient method for the analysis of planar four-bar mechanisms is
achieved by applying the concept of direct linkage constraints and motion
parameters based on the displacements of the mechanism. Vectors are used
extensively to make the derivation simpler and to make resulting analysis
equations more compact. The new method also eliminates the need to
determine intermediate motion parameters. Thus, only the motion parameters
of interest are obtained directly and explicitly. Higher order motion parameters
are also derived from the basic linkage constraints. The formulation of the
method is shown and applied to the analysis of a crank-rocker and a
slider-crank mechanism.
0332 A new silver-zinc battery configuration:. Jose, Wilfredo I.. Philippine Engineering Journal, ,
6(2):44-53
0333 Operation and applications of rice hull gasifier-combustors. Vinluan, Jr., F.D., Santos,
A., Pacatang, L., Canayon, A., Valdecanas, M., Balais, W., Sungaben, E., Barnuevo, E., Lontok,
N., Padua, R. , Carandang, A.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 12(1):49-68
0334 An operations research and systems analysis study of weighing scales used for growth
surveillance. Raneses, Nestor O., Manegdeg, Ferdinand G., Ramos, Adelisa C.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 15(1):41-62
0335 An opportunity cost-based modified genetic algorithm for the P-k median prolem. Resurreccion,
Joanna Z., Resurreccion, Augustus C.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 25(1):61-87
Median problems are combinatorial problems that associate the allocation cost
of demand points to the selection of different location sites for a number of
facilities that satisfy the total demand. This study focuses on the P-k median
problem of minimizing the total weighted distance between n demand points
and these location sites when the number of existing facilities, k, on a given
network is increased to P. Initial combinations of possible locations for the
additional P-k facilities are iteratively improved using a proposed modified
genetic algorithm. The algorithm implements a new opportunity cost-based
child reproduction procedure for the generation of better solutions with biased
parent selection probabilities. This creates the best possible offspring without
affecting the locations of existing facilities while current information from
having the existing k facilities simplifies the choice of location for increasing the
number of facilities from k to P. The generated combinations of facility
locations are tested on the Galvao-100 median set deriving 30 P-k median
problems from the Lagrangian relaxation solutions. Average percentage
difference from the optimal solution found at 0.52% outperforms the
neighborhood search improvement made on the myopic algorithm at higher
values of P-k.
0336 Optimization of fluidized bed combustion of semirara coal. Elauria, Jessie C., Cruz, Ibarra
E.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 14(2):1-20
0337 Packet radio network for volcano monitoring. Machenbaum, Roland. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 17(1):13-18
0338 Partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16s rRNA and cytochrome B genes of Loriculus
philippensis (Philippine hanging parrot) from different locations in the Philippines. Hedreyda,
Cynthia T., Tahimic, Candice Ginn T., Ibañez, Vinzon C., Lagman, Angel, Gonzalez, Juan
Carlos T., Imbao, Roselle. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :340
0339 A path planning algorithm for soccer playing robots based on repeated modification of bezier
polynomials. Pedrasa, Michael Angelo A.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 26(1):1-20
0340 Performance of a watergy audit on the submersible pumps of the Talamban Raw Water System
in Cebu City. Reyes, Joseph Gerard T., Odulio, Carl F.. Philippine Engineering Journal, ,
26(2):25-40
0341 Perspectives on the training and education of world-class engineers. Gopez, Adolfo Jesus
R.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 14(2):95-108
World class manufacturing implies a philosophy of manufacturing excellence. It
is strongly dependent on having properly trained engineers. It is also strongly
linked to the ability of a company to compete in the global market. Using
Michael E. Porter\'s
0342 Philippine automated water information system. Resurreccion, Jr., Alejandro N.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 4(2):118-127
0343 Philippine country report:. Gopez, Adolfo Jesus R., Alcantar, Leonardo A.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 12(3):95-106
This paper gives a country report on the status, technology, manpower, and
development plans of the welding, metalforming and metal casting sectors of
the Metals and Engineering Industry. Welding is used predominantly by about
1400 small-scale iron works fabrication shops, 35 vehicle chassis and body
makers and 13 pipe and tubemakers with an existing aggregate capacity of
300,000 mt. In metalforming there are 25 bar-rolling facilities, 8 wire rod rolling
facilities and 6 structural section rolling facilities with an aggregate of 938,400
MT. There are sixty firms utilizing wire forming techniques to manufactured
wire products, while only five firms offer mechanized steel forging. Smithery or
hand forging is widely practiced in at least 6 regions of the country. Extrusion
technology is used by five firms, while sheet metalforming is widespread in the
urban communities. The country has 221 metalcasting plants but only 153 are
operating. Equipment inventory in welding showed that about 60% are metal
arc welding machines while 21% are oxy-acetylene welding sets. In
metalforming, industry sources have estimated that 60% of the facilities use
second hand equipment at least 20 years old. The degree of mechanization of
metalcasting plants is low, with only 24% of the parts being partially
mechanized. Manpower needs of the three sectors, according to a study by
the National Manpower and Youth Council, are substantial, with about 1800
additional welders, 1700 additional mill workers, 1000 sheet metal workers
needed per year up to 1993. No figures are cited for the metalcasting sector.
The strength of all three sectors, and the Metals and Engineering Industry as a
whole includes the existence of a large pool of trainable manpower, a large
potential domestic market, and to a certain extent product acceptance in the
international market. The weaknesses are lack of adequate or up-to-date
facilities, difficulty in sourcing good quality low cast raw materials, and the
prevailing low productivity levels. The development plans for the three sectors
are taken from the Metals and Engineering Industries National Action Plant
1990-2000, considered as a blueprint towards industrialization of the country.
The plan was formulated by a multi-sectoral body composed of government
officials, industry captains and members of the academe.
0344 Philippine population database at STR locus FGA for forensic applications. Tabbada, Kristina
A., Magno, Michelle Music F., De Ungria, Ma. Corazon A., Halos, Saturnina C.. Transactions
of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :334
0345 Plunge pool scour studies using cohesive materials in a hydraulic model. Coran, Samuel
R.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 4(2):99-117
Rocks in situ do not slump and the traditional technique of using loose
gravel in the model consequently cannot give a good representation of scour
patterns in the prototype. Thus, a refined modelling technique utilizing
cohesive materials (a mixture of granular materials with a paste composed of
clay binder, chalk powder, and water) to simulate the plunge pool geology is
introduced. This technique is applied to the plunge pool scour investigations in
a 1:100 hydraulic scale model of a spillway project for the purpose of defining
an adequate flip bucket toe protection system. The methods, procedures, and
results of the investigations are presented.
0346 Polythiophene and polypyrrole thin films as radiation sensors. Alguno, Arnold C., Bantaculo,
Ancelie, Castillon, Ancelie, Bacala, Angelina M., Miyata, Hitoshi, Biogroup2. Transactions of
the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :350-351
This research explored the possibility of using conducting polymers that are
organic semiconductors as radiation sensors that could replace silicon.
0347 Pozzolanic behavior of Mt. Pinatubo ejecta under natural and accelerated curing
condition. Jorillo Jr., Pablo A., Verdejo, Benjamin D.. Philippine Engineering Journal, ,
16(1):49-72
This paper describes the results of the study on the evaluation of the
pozzolanic behavior of Mt. Pinatubo ejecta under natural and accelerated
curing conditions. The study is essentially a developmental research aimed in
providing a comprehensive characterization of the volcanic ejecta in
comparison with the local fly-ash. Two types of accelerated curing were
examined viz., high pressure steam curing and boiling-cooling method. Various
types of ejecta materials and percentage cement replacements were
investigated to determine the optimum type and proportion in a cement based
mortar matrix based on the criteria of strength and dimension stability.
0348 Precise frequency generation with digital modulation using direct digital synthesis. Ong, Johann
L.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 17(1):45-54
0349 A productivity index model for Philippine engineering schools. Matias, Aura C.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 17(2):29-38
0350 The relation between preparation, microstructure and mechanical properties of alumina
ceramics. de la Cuesta, L., Mena, M., Sison, G.N., Bernardo, S., Cho, S.J., Uematsu,
K.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 26(2):41-56
0351 Residue handling and soil disturbance of an inclined tine furrow opener. Borlagdan, Paterno
C., Quick, Graeme R., Lantin, Reynaldo M.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 16(2):61-76
o
A vertical and an inclined tine-furrow opener, with 30 angle of inclination
with respect to the vertical axis perpendicular to the toll bar, were compared
o o o o
and evaluated at different rake angles (60 , 75 , 90 and 105 ) in terms of
residue handling and soil disturbance.
Three straw conditions were used namely: 1) standing rice stubbles without
cut straw, 2) standing stubbles with wet cut straws, and 3) standing stubbles
with dry cut straws.
o
The thirty degree tine with 60 rake angle has the best residue handling
o
capability but with lifting effect on soil. Inclined tine with 90 rake angle has a
neutral soil working effect. The residue handling capability of the vertical and
inclined tine decreases as the rake angle increases. Soil lifting effect was
o o
apparent at rake angles less than 90 . At rake angles greater than 90 there
was soil compression.
Engineering. Tine furrow opener. Residue handling and soil disturbance.
0352 A review of oscillating screen-blower cleaners for grains. Pasikatan, Melchor C., Quick, Graeme
R.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 16(2):77-97
The literature concerned with grain or seed cleaners using blower and
linearly oscillating screens, and related machines and mechanisms was
reviewed. Attempts in developing the theory and mechanics of cleaners was
discussed. Grain, straw and chaff aerodynamic and mechanical properties
which affect separation were assessed. The potentials and limits of pure
aerodynamic separation, effects of design, operating and material parameters
on cleaning performance were critically examined.
The available information may be limited, but sufficient to provide rough
parameters for design under different operating conditions. Researches show
that to achieve good cleaning performance at high material capacity in wheat
o
and paddy, air velocity of 7.2-9.2 m/s, air direction of 40-45 , height of drop of
o
70-102 mm, and hanger angles of 15-25 should be used.
Attempts to relate cleaning performance with two or more influencing
factors are rare in the literature. Results derived with wheat and based on
straw walker and shoe assembly of combines need to be validated for rice, rice
threshers and cleaners. Further studies that will lead to a universal cleaning
equation and a good understanding of particle motion as influenced by several
variables are needed.
0353 RF Characterization of square spiral inductors on a 0.25µm digital CMOS process. Hizon, John
Richard E., Rosales, Marc D. , Alarcon, Louis P., Sabido IX, Delfin Jay. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 26(1):55-66
The growth of wireless application in the low GHz range has been a
catalyst in numerous research activities to develop wireless applications in
standard digital CMOS processes. The relatively lower costs in developing
single chip solutions for wireless applications in CMOS technology is
considered its main advantage over other semiconductor processes. Thus,
with the integration of RF systems in CMOS, planar inductors will have a
dominant role in defining the achievable performance of the system as a
whole.
The inductors used in this study were used in the input impedance
matching for an LNA at 2.4 GHz. Plain square spiral inductors and square
spiral inductors with Q enhancement structures are implemented on a 0.25µm
digital CMOS process with inductance values of 1.8 nH and 10 nH. On Wafer
RF characterization of the inductors done using an inductor model proposed
by Yue. Results obtained show that parasitic resistance limits the Q of square
spiral inductors on a digital CMOS Process. Measured results also show how
Q enhancement techniques reported in literature affect inductor Q on a digital
CMOS process. It is recommended that shunted metals be used in improving
inductor Q.
Engineering. Square spiral inductors. CMOS.
0354
River models. Castro, Peter P.M. . Philippine Engineering Journal, , 4(2):138-145
0355 Routing broadcast packets along a minimum diameter tree. Abaya, Efren F.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 16(2):1-8
0356 Selection framework for powerplant capacity mix. Manegdeg, Ferdinand G., Portal, Marisol
G.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 16(2):35-59
0357 Slope failures triggered by heavy rainfall. Orense, Rolando P.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 25(2):73-89
0358 The smallest non-associative inverse property loop and some generalizations. Carrascal,
Alexander S.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology
Philippines, , :354
0359 Soil incompressibility by 'mixed' and penalty methods. Borja, Ronaldo I.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 6(1):56-65
0360 Statistical analysis of a quantizer design algorithm. Abaya, Efren F.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 4(1):77-91
0362 Stress stiffening and dynamic stress computation in flexible multibody dynamics. Ledesma,
Ragnar. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 16(2):9-34
0363 Studies on the fusibility of coal ash. Pugal, D.L., Herrera, A.B., Quilao, T.A., Balais,
W.A., Abarquez, F.I., Bion, H.H., Magpantay, C.G. , Vinluan, F.D., Yamada, K., Tsurue,
T., Takeda, S., Ishizaki, K.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 16(1):85-102
0364 A study on roadside noise generated by tricycles. Vergel, Karl N., Cacho, Frielly T., Capiz,
Cheryl Lyne E.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 25(2):1-22
0365 On teaching different amplifiers using a "T" transistor model. Escoto, Jr., Miguel T.. Philippine
Engineering Journal, , 4(1):26-35
Engineering. Amplifier. Differential gain (AD). Common mode gain (AC). Common mode
rejection ratio (CMRR). T transistor model.
0366 On the use of entropic regularization for identification of cohesive crack parameters. Que,
Norbert S.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 25(2):53-72
0367 Thermal management in electronic packages. Mena, Manolo G.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 18(1):79-86
Packaging of an integrated circuit not only involves the physical isolation of the
delicate integrated circuit or
Engineering. Electronic packages. Thermal management. Silicon chip. Thermal
resistances.
0368 Transcripts and clone contig mapping within 13q32, a susceptibility region for bipolar disorder
and schizophrenia. Reyes, Gloria D., Corona, Wilson, Ferraren, Dilberto, Detera-Wadleigh,
Sevilla D., Minje, Virginia D.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :335-336
0369 Treatment of dental amalgam wastes. de la Paz Clemente, Eligia. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 22(2):75-88
0370 Use of chromatographic techniques for the detection of marijuna in urine samples.. Portilla, Ma.
Cristina B., Pascual, Cherrie B.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :347
Thirty units of tin plated Dual In-line Packages were used to evaluate the
measurement system for tin thickness using the X-ray Fluorescence
technique. The results showed that the system is sensitive to inspector
technique and the total measurement error estimate was about 22
microinches. This system for obtaining tin thickness measurements had been
recommended only when the variability of the process is at least 80
microinches. Otherwise, a more sensitive method must be used.
0372 A VHF Crystal oscillator for Satellite receiver. Olesco, Richard O.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 17(1):33-44
This paper will discuss the design of a crystal oscillator used as a local
oscillation (LO) for satellite receivers in the VHF band.
0373 Volcanic sand in asphalt concrete. Pagbilao, Dominador S., Verdejo, Benjamin D., Lopez Jr.,
Romeo G.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 16(1):73-84
Volcanic sand from three river sources, Abacan, Bacolor and Lubao, were
investigated as an aggregate component of hot mix asphalt. Laboratory test
samples of asphalt mixtures containing these materials were evaluated
according to their Marshall properties and their sensitivity to moisture damage.
The Marshall properties of mixtures containing volcanic sand as fine aggregate
were found to be inadequate. The use of volcanic sand as a partial substitute
to fine aggregate, on the other hand, do not adversely affect the Marshall
properties of the mixtures significantly, however, their resistance to moisture
damage were significantly reduced and the binder requirement were increased
by 20%.
0374 The Y-chromosome STR system and forensic DNA analysis in the Philippines. Delfin, Frederick
C., Calacal, Gayvelline C., Halos, Saturnina C., De Ungria, Ma. Corazon A.. Transactions of
the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :333-334
Conventional procedures for mix strain analysis incorporate differential
lysis to separate male and female DNA for effective profiling. Various protocols
for differential lysis were previously validated by the laboratory and were found
to be effective in identifying female and male DNA in mixed samples using the
autosomal STR system. But in cases of trace evidence, more DNA is lost
when differential lysis methods are used. To circumvent this problem, the
Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat (STE) system was developed and
validated.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
0375 An assessment on the status and distribution of endemic and threatened birds of Siquijor Island,
Philippines:. Bucol, Abner A., Bucol, Aladin B.. Silliman Journal, , 48(1):33-42
Total quality management. Process vitality. Product design management. Supplier quality
mangement. Information and analysis and process management.
0378 Evaluation and adaptive modification of a low cost paddy drying technology. Borlagdan,
P.C., Diaz, C., Bakker, R.R.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 21(2):42-52
Low cost paddy drying technology. Farm-level drying. Low cost dryer. Low temperature
drying.
0379 A study on the state of the transportation environment in Metro Manila. Vergel, Karl, Lidasan,
Hussein S.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 21(2):1-13
0380 Switch-capacitor filter for analog realization of a sinusoidal pulse width modulated induction
motor drive. Andrada, Rodel Vincent, Sison, Luis G. . Philippine Engineering Journal, ,
21(2):53-62
SPWM. Switched capacitor filter. VVVF. DC-AC inverter. Amplitude modulation ratio.
FISHERIES
0381
Artificial reefs. Technology!, , 8(6):1-16
Artificial reefs may yet restore life to marine resources ruined by illegal
fishing methods at the same time save coastal communities from starvation.
Fabricated artificial reefs offer enormous potentials to enhance the fishing
opportunities of small fishermen.
Man-made structures constructed for several purposes, artificial reefs best
serve as nursery area and shelter for juvenile fishes and invertebrates;
aquarium fish attractors; and decreases fishing time, effort and energy by
confining fishes in one area.
Artificial reefs are best located in protected embayments with sandy or
sandy-muddy substratum at depths of 15-20 m. These are places where reefs
do not pose hazards to navigation and least affected by wave action.
Discarded tires and bamboos have been used for constructing artificial
reefs. These materials may be dropped at the bottom of the sea to form a
jumbled mass or assembled into geometric forms. Tires last longer than
bamboos, which stay intact for about 3 years.
From a 10-tire reef which costs P2,483.94, a fishermen earns a net income
of P10,500 and P11,300 in the fourth and fifth year of operations in addition to
the income derived from his fishing activities outside the artificial reef. If he
uses a 10-bamboo reef with a production cost of P1,762.64, he obtains a net
profit of P8,600 and P10,300 in the second and third year of operations.
0382
Canning of tulingan. Technology!, , 8(4):1-16
Once a lowly fish on the consumer\'s table, tulingan can now be processed
as a canned product with its quality comparative to imported canned tuna.
Tulingan or frigate tuna (Auxis thazard, Lacepede) abounds in many parts
of the country\'s marine waters. In 1984, of the tuna production of 181, 128 t
harvested from 1.48 million sq km of marine waters, 44% consisted of tulingan.
Tulingan is commonly sold fresh. It is prepared as sinaing na tulingan, a
delicacy of the Southern Tagalog and Bicol regions by cooking the fish in salt
and water with or without the addition of acidulants like camias or green
tamarind fruits. It is also processed as smoked tulingan by salting, cooking,
then finally smoking the fish. For export, tulingan is produced into katsuobushi
or smoked tuna sticks.
Although sinaing na tulingan and smoked tulingan are highly acceptable by
Filipinos, the short shelf life of the products still remains a problem. The
development, therefore, of other processing methods for tulingan is direly
needed.
0383 Carbon dioxide sensor based on a pH sensitive polypyrrole. Tongol, Bernard John V., Binag,
Christina A.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology
Philippines, , :372
0384 Catch composition and relative abundance of purse seine-caught fishes. Aprieto, Virginia
L.. U.P.V. Fisheries Journal, , 1(1):23-33
0385 A comparative cost analysis of the use of different fish containers. Cordial, Nena, Peralta, Jose
P., Orejana, F.M.. U.P.V. Fisheries Journal, , 1(1):57-66
0386 A comparative study of the toxicity of three commercially available detergents on tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus). Espiritu, Emilyn Q., Teran, Andrea B., Gonzales, Billy Martin
V.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, ,
:317-318
Both 96-hr range-finding and definitive toxicity tests were conducted on the
following commercial detergents using tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as test
organisms: Brand B (approx. 10% national market share by volume), Brand T
(approx. 17% national market share volume) and Brand V (<1% national
market share volume). Test set-ups were monitored daily for significant water
parameters such as dissolved oxygen and temperature, as well as fish
mortality. Seventy percent of the test solutions were renewed daily. Reference
tests were also performed simultaneously using copper sulfate (CuSO4.55H2O;
Ajax Chemicals, Analytical Grade). tests were considered valid if the controls
exhibited a 90% survival.
The results of the first set of definitive tests indicate that the mean LC50s of
the three detergents belong to the same order of magnitude. Their rank order
of toxicity is as follows: Brand B (mean 96-hr LC50 = 10.92 ± 1.29 mg/ or 9.16
Toxic Units) Brand T (mean 96-hr LC50 = 24.47 ± 0.8 mg/L or 4.09 Toxic Units)
> Brand V (mean 96-hr LC50 = 33.19 ± 2.84 mg/L or 3.01 Toxic Units). The
data indicate that Brand B is two times more toxic than Brand T, and three
times more toxic than Brand V. Since no specific guidelines for toxicity
classification has ben provided by the DENR, the following classification
proposed by Persoone et al. (1993) was applied in this study. The data shows
that the resulting LC50 values (expressed in Toxic Units) fall under the category
of TOXIC substances. Given the fact that these three detergents comprise
nearly 28% of the total volume consumed by the market, their potential
adverse impact on our aquatic ecosystems must be throughly investigated.
(Author\'s abstract)
Fish toxicity tests. LC50. Detergents. Copper sulfate. Tilapia. Water quality.
0387 The development and commercialization of the YY-male tilapia technology. Abella, Tereso
A., Abucay, Jose S., Sevilleja, Ruben C., Mair, Graham C.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :71-77
0388 Effect of storage conditions on rice noodle quality. Romero, Marissa V., Saito,
Michihiko. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines,
, :312
The quality of rice noodles especially those with high moisture content,
deteriorates upon storage. In this study, the effects of key storage conditions
on rice noodle quality were determined. The factors investigated were
packaging materials, storage temperature, and addition of a mold retardant.
The packaging materials evaluated were LDPE 30, HDPE 50, OPP 20/EVA
o
15/LDPE 40, and OPP/CPP 50 while the storage temperatures were 5 C and
o
25 C. Negamold, a commercial mold retardant was used. For each packaging
material, four samples were prepared: two with Negamold and two without
o
Negamold. One set of each sample was stored ar 5 C while the other set at
o
25 C. The samples were examined for physical apperance and mold growth
during storage. The latter was evaluated both visually at 6, 12, and 18 days of
storage and by plating in PDA at the initial and final days of storage. All the
o
samples stored at 5 C, regardless of packaging materials and presence or
absence of Negamold remained acceptable and free for molds even up to 18
days of storage. At 25oC storage, the best packaging materials were OPP
20/EVA 15/LDPE 40 and OPP/CPP 50, which combined with Negamold kept
the rice noodles visually acceptable and mold-free until the last day of
observation. (Author\'s abstract)
0390 The effect of using piggery wastes in brackishwater fishpond on fish production. Catedrilla,
Leah C., Fortes, Norma R., Tamse, Armando F., Yuseco, J. Edward H.. U.P.V. Fisheries
Journal, , 1(1):69-76
This study explores the feasibility of using piggery waste effluent from
biogas digesters in brackishwater ponds for fish production. It also attempts to
determine the practical duration of fermentation necessary to produce
nutrient-rich effluent, the optimum dosage which would not deplete dissolved
oxygen and its role in improving pond productivity. In addition, it also evaluates
the effect of the different frequencies of application of effluent/slurry on the
production of all-male Tilapia mossambica.
The study was conducted in three phases. In phase I, fresh pig manure
was loaded in a galvanized iron digester to ferment up to 19 weeks and the
following were determined: total and available phosphorus, available silica, dry
matter, ash and total nitrogen. Phase II evaluated rates of application of slurry
as follows: I-control, (no slurry added); II-low dosage, (0.15 g/1);
III-medium-low (0.30 g/1); IV-medium-high (0.6 g/1); V-high (1.5 g/1). Phase III
studied four ways of effluent application as follows: I-no manuring; II-five times
per week; III-twice a week; and IV-once a week.
Highest nutrient levels were observed within the 14th to 17th week of
fermentation as follows: total phosphorus (1108.44-1318.43 mg/1), available
phosphorus (1l7.21-21.85 mg/1); dry matter (9.19-13.18 mg/1); total nitrogen
(3.91-5.24 mg/1). It was observed that every gram of slurry/liter with 5 percent
dry matter would consume 0.55 mg/1 of oxygen per day. Significantly
increased production of tilapia was obtained when manuring treatments were
given five times/week and twice a week with net production equivalent to 544.5
kg/ha and 468.9 kg/ha, respectively. Treatments receiving once a week
manuring and those without manuring whatsoever had lower net production of
316.4 kg/ha and 371.6 kg/ha, respectively.
0391 Extraction of essential oil from Pogostemon cablin BENTH (Patchouli) leaves using supercritical
carbon dioxide. Navidad, Suzeth V., Malaluan, Roberto M.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :366-367
0392
Fertilization management in brackishwater fishponds. Technology!, , 7(6):1-16
Fishponds are capable of producing more and better quality fish if these
are provided with the correct management.
Fertilizer is one major input that increases fish production. As a source of
plant nutrient, fertilizer is a supplement to the existing nutrient supply of the
pond to meet the growth requirements of natural food for the fish such as
benthic algae, diatoms and plankton.
Since 1971, studies on fishpond fertilization management have been
undertaken at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center (BAC) of the University of
the Philippines in the Visayas (UPV). Continuing studies on pond fertilization
are being conducted by various research agencies to refine existing
techniques, develop new and efficient methods to reduce the cost of
fertilization, discover alternative sources of nutrients, and develop a specific
fertilizer recommendation for a particular environment.
Fertilization management in brackishwater fishponds is a package of
technology that contains information on the proper use of fertilizers (organic
and inorganic) in order to improve fish production at a maximum benefit.
Based on an average increase in fish yield of 163 kg/ha per cropping with
fertilization, a fish farmer nets an additional income of P1,089.50/ha per
cropping.
0393 Filipino women in coastal resources management: . Oracion, Enrique G. Silliman Journal, ,
41(2):8-25
Cone snails (Conus) comprise the most diverse coral reef gastropod taxon.
The Philippines has the most diverse cone snail fauna in the world. The
biogeography of these snails can give new insights on the nature and
distribution of marine biological diversity in the Philippines. Using Professor
Alan Kohn\'s published data on ecology and life history and the primary
material deposited with the Philippine National Museum (PNM), habitat, life,
history parameters and cone snail geographic distribution were explored to
predict the distribution of cone snail diversity in the Philippines. Geographical
occurrence of 27 shallow water Conus species whose life and habitat
characteristics are known was plotted. A stepwise multiple regression of
Conus occurrences in 15 geographical regions in the Philippines on habitat
characteristics of the sites where the PNM collected the snails was done. Initial
findings suggest that distribution of predominantly sandy habitats is a greater
determinant of cone snail diversity than planktonic precompetency as a life
history strategy and other habitat factors. This supports the ecological
determinism hypothesis of coral reef species diversity. (Author\'s abstract)
0395
Improved drying method for roundscad ("galunggong"). Technology!, , 6(3):1-11
0396
Management of fishponds with acid sulfate soils. Technology!, , 5(2):1-16
Soil scientists suspect that low fish yields of brackishwater ponds may
partly be attributed to the inhibitory influence of acid sulfate soils. As with other
types of soils where acidity is high, these oils respond poorly to phosphorus
fertilization. Fish food grows poorly resulting in slow fish growth. Nearly-lethal
concentrations of aluminum and iron are also released.
Acid sulfate soils are found extensively in mangrove areas where the
abundance of sulfates and organic matter favors their formation. The extent of
the acid-sulfate-soil problem in the Philippines has not been fully established.
Soil survey reveals that at least 15,000-18,000 ha of brackishwater fishponds
are affected in the island of Panay alone.
In 1979, the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center of the University of the
Philippines in the Visayas initiated intensive studies on the identification and
management of acid sulfate soils. Research efforts were done in collaboration
with the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA) and the United
States Agency for International Development (USAID).
The technology developed for reclamation of these soils involves repeated
sequence of intensive draining, drying, and flooding before residual acids are
neutralized by liming. Reclamation work takes about three months and is
started in the early part of the dry season in the locality.
Total reclamation costs amount to P914/ha of which 94% goes to labor
requirements. Based on an increase in milkfish yield of 322 kg/ha/cropping,
through reclamation, the return per peso invested is P 1.35.
0397 Mechanism of glue penetration in plywood bond formation. Villaflor, Armando A.. The
Pterocarpus: A Philippine Science Journal of Forestry, , :38-43
The pathways and depths of glue penetration in plywood as a function of
assembly time, species, sapwood or hearthwood were tested on five species:
almaciga (Agathis philippinensis Warb.), apitong (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus
Blco.), palosapis (Anisoptera thurifera Blco. BI), red lauan (Shorea
negrosensis Foxw), and Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata L.). The phenolic
resin adhesive became mobile during simultaneous applications of heat and
pressure due to lowering of the surface tension of its water molecules, so that
the adhesive penetrated the pores or vessels, tracheids, resin ducts, and lathe
checks.
0399
Mussel production. Technology!, , 4(4):1-16
The widespread cultivation of "tahong" or green bay mussel will not only
help meet the nation\'s growing demand for a low-cost, high-quality protein
food but will also generate additional income for fishermen and, to a certain
extent, employment for the unskilled labor force in the coastal areas. The
Philippines has numerous bays, coves, estuaries, and channels which can be
used for mussel cultivation.
Mussel technology is relatively simple, and cost of investment is minimal. In
general, it is not labor intensive; hence, production can be done
simultaneously with the fisherman\'s regular fishing activities for subsistence.
Collectors or cultches are needed to catch mussel spats (free-swimming
mussel larvae that are ready to settle or attach themselves to solid objects).
Spats are abundant during spat-fall in natural collecting grounds. It is feasible
to introduce them in areas where they are absent; provided, the basic
requirements for their culture are met.
Three types of farming methods can be used: stake or "tulos," rope-web,
and raft. The stake is the simplest, the cheapest, and the most commonly
used. In Bacoor Bay, a family-size farm (1,000 sq m) on the stake method nets
an average income of P 12,415 or a return of P 1.61 per peso invested.
0400 Organogenesis in he supermale YY, genetically male (GMT) and mixed sex tilapi
(MST). Herrera, Annabelle A., Tandoc, Erlito, Fish Genetics Breeding Group. Transactions of
the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :315-316
Supermale UU. Genetically male tilapia (GMT). Mixed sex tilapia (MST). Oreochromis
niloticus.
0402 Reproductive anatomy, histology and gestation of the Philippine Seahorse Hippocampus
barbouri. Oconer, Edna P., Herrera, Annabelle A., Amparado, Edna A., Wetzel, James
T.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :318
Male and female seahorses obtained from the waters of Santiago Island,
Bolinao, Pangasinan were compared morphologically and histologically for
structural differences. Paraffin sections were prepared to examine the
histological profile of gonads involved in selected stages of reproduction.
Morpo-histological results confirmed the presence of paired tubular testes and
ovaries which converge to form into a common spermatic duct and oviduct in
male and female seahorses, respectively. Mature gametes are released
through the anal pore. During fertilization, females deposit eggs into the brood
pouch opening of the male. At the time of oviposition, sperm are ejaculated
immediately which traverse quickly from the anal pore into the brood pouch
opening via minute connecting canal. Fertilization follows shortly inside the
male brood pouch cavity. During gestation, histo-physiological results
confirmed the presence of gradually thickening epithelial linings to support and
protect the developing embryos. Likewise, tiny crevices where the embryos lie
in quiescent were prominent from mid to late pregnancy. Paraffin sections
showed that signs of active spermatogenesis were observed during the course
of gestation. (Author\'s abstract)
0403
Shrimp cake making. de Guzman, Dalisay L.. Technology!, , 10(1):1-16
The processing of balao into shrimp cakes extends the shelf life of the
shrimps. However, adoption of modified processing technologies on shrimp
cake making could yield better product and improve net return of investment.
0404 Studies on the existence of Dynopphysis sp. and Gambierdiscus sp. in Philippine Coastal
Water. Floresca, Maria Cristina Grace Z., Fajardo, Ferdinand F., Nicdao, Jose Leonardo
V., Yturzeta, Kriskarla P., Co, Jandrick P., Pakingan, Joan T.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :316-317
0405 Tarpon as biological control in milkfish-tilapia polyculture. Fortes, Romeo D.. U.P.V. Fisheries
Journal, , 1(1):47-55
0406 The combined effect of salt treatment and pH level on the drying characteristics and cooking
quality of blackeye beans. Cordero, Evelyn Z.. Nucleus, , 2(2):99-106
Cooking quality. Salt treatment and pH level. Blackeye beans. Drying characteristics. Food
science and technology.
0407 Development of quality sauce from blends of tomato and squash. Zara, Lydia M., Patnugot,
Mila M.. Plant Industry Bulletin, , 9(2):30-37
0408 Improvement of the formulation of selected pickled products. Bayubay, Erlinda Trinidad
P., Gallardo, Ma. Victoria G., Conde, Lourdes R.. Plant Industry Bulletin, , 17(1):15-36
The study was to improve existing technologies for mango chutney, pickled
santol and pickled onions. Products processed were evaluated to determine
the shelf-life and acceptability. The effect of brining and processing time and
temperature were also determined. Evaluation of the chemical analysis,
microbiological analysis and sensory evaluation was conducted to determine
any chemical changes on shelf-life and acceptability of the products.
Results of the various analysis indicated that brining and processing and
temperature affect the quality of the products. Brining of santol at 15% salt
gave satisfactory result based on high mean scores for texture (firm).
o
Processing of mango chutney at 70 C for 15 minutes and pickled onions at
o
70 C for 10 minutes was chosen based on satisfactory result of the sensory
evaluation.
FORESTRY
0409 Blood transfusion practice in the management of dengue hemorrhagic fever in 0 to 19 years old
at a private tertiary medical center. Madatu, Sitti Nur-en R., Ty, Florentina U.. Philippine
Scientific Journal, , 43(1):6-11
0410
Charcoal production. Technology!, , 4(8):1-16
The present trend in the economics of petroleum calls for the development
of alternative sources of energy which are cheap, renewable, and locally
available. One of the promising alternatives is charcoal. It is usually prepared
from wood, coconut husks and shells, or other suitable materials.
The widespread use of charcoal in households and industries in the
country can generate a yearly national savings of US $35.5 million. This is due
to reduced importation of crude oil. On the household level, FPRDI reported
that an average family can save P500 to P 800 per year by using charcoal
instead of liquified petroleum gas (LPG).
Charcoal burns 3.5 to 4 times better than wood and generates twice as
much heat. Moreover, it is a clean fuel, nearly smokeless, and sulfur-free.
Many industries and households are willing to shift to charcoal as long as
there is enough supply. This further calls for more wood-material base for
charcoal production.
The Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI) has
evolved simple and inexpensive ways of making charcoal either in small or
large-scale production. For small backyard operations, the Institute developed
the modified drum-kiln; for the cottage industry and large-scale productions, it
came up with the Kaunlaran and Vitoria beehive ovens. These charcoal
technologies are proven to be economical and efficient. They produce
good-quality charcoal suitable for domestic and industrial uses.
In the modified drum method, the profit per sack (15 kg) of charcoal is
about P 9.75 for giant ipil-ipil and P 5.40 for coconut shell.
With the Kaunlaran and Vitoria ovens, the farmer earns annual incomes of
around P24,000 and P25,000, respectively. He gets better profits if he grows
his own ipil-ipil plantation.
There is a need to develop the charcoal industry to meet the demand both
here and abroad. To be able to do this, full support from the government is
needed. Also, more dendrothermal plantations have to be established to serve
as source of raw materials for the industry.
0411 Coconut coirdust flour as filler in phenolic resin adhesives for plywood. Ramos, Jaime
R., Villaflor, Armando A.. The Pterocarpus, , 3(2):11-18
Air-dried coconut coirdust flours which passed the 140-mesh screen were
used as filler at various concentrations for phenolic resin adhesives in the
gluing of re lauan, Shores negrosensis Foxw., and toog, Petersianthus
quadrialata Merr., rotary-cut veneers into 3-ply, 6mm x 30 cm plywood,with
coconut shell flour as the filler control.
Cyclic-boil test for type I bond indicated that the bond quality of phenolic
gluines with coconut coirdust flour filler and effective resin solids content
24.8% is comparable to those with coconut shell flour filler and effective resin
solids content of 34.4%. However, as the coconut coirdust flour content
increased beyond 16 parts by weight in the phenolic adhesive mix, the
durability of the gluelines decreased due to its affinity to the water molecules
and the subsequent reduction in its effective resin solids content. The
requirement for type I gluebond is met provided the resin solids content of the
phenolic glue-mix with coconut coirdust flour filler does not fall below 20.1%.
The results also indicated that toog veneers are gluable into plywood with
type I bond.
Plywood. Filler extender. Coconut shell flour. Forestry. Coconut coirdust flour. Phenolic
resin adhesive.
0412
Comparative study of linux distribution for desktop use
. Quinton, Suzette, Vida, Sheilafel, Ruiz, Erwin, Liguit, Michael, Cabeza, Ivy, Gonzales,
Joanna, Pagador, Emily, Banzon, Peter. Philippine Journal of ICT & Microelectronics, ,
1(2):36-44
The Linux Benchmarking Toolkit was used to benchmark three of the most
popular Linux distributions: Caldera 3.1, Red Hat 7.2 and Mandrake 8.1. Each
distribution was installed on a Pentium III machine and subjected to four
benchmarking suites.
0413 Comparison of different raingages in upper Agno river basin. Veracion, V.P., De los Santos,
A.E., Rondilla, C.S.. The Pterocarpus: A Philippine Science Journal of Forestry, , :24-25
0414 Comparison of the quantity and composition of the wood extractives of unsteamed and steamed
apitong (dipterocarpus grandiflorus blanco). Salud, Erlinda C.. The Pterocarpus, ,
2(2):123-134
0415 Correlation between the duration of right lower quadrant abdominal pain and clinical stage of
acute appendicitis among patients who underwent appendectomy at MCU-FDTMF
hospital. Batallones, Jr., Bonifacio H.. Philippine Scientific Journal, , 43(1):12-16
This is a cross-sectional study. There were one hundred and ninety four
(194) patients who presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and
underwent appendectomy. One hundred and eighty six (186/194) had acute
appendicitis during surgery and eight (8/194) patients with normal appendix.
The 3 most common diagnoses on patients with normal appendices were
pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian torsion and urinary tract infection. The
total number of patients who underwent appendectomy surpassed the required
sample size of at least 130 observations. A Chi-square test was used for
univirate analysis of data.
The study revealed that right lower quadrant abdominal pain of acute
appendicitis < 12 hours was either congestive or suppurative (94%) stage and
for pain duration of > 24 hours increased the likelihood of a ruptured
appendicitis (98.5%). (Author\'s abstract)
0416 Crybabies. Salavaria-Imperial, Ma. Lourdes A., Agrasada, Ma. Gracia V.. Postgraduate
Pediatrics, , 12(1):59-70
A study on what mothers perceive to be infantile colic was carried out in the
out-patient clinics of a tertiary hospital. Seventy-eight mother completed
self-administered questionnaires on characteristics of colicky episodes, beliefs
regarding its etiology, mothers\' responses to the colicky infant and
interventions done to relieve the infant\'s crying. Results showed that 72%
(56/72) exhibited colic with onset between 4-8 weeks and with occurrence at
any time during the day, each episode lasting up to 15 minutes. Colic was
typically manifested as flushing of the skin, crying as if in pain, passage of a lot
of gas and the infant being inconsolable. Mothers react to these episodes with
feelings of distress (57%) panic (34%) and fear (20%). These mothers
believed that colic could be a normal pattern of crying (41%), or be secondary
to the infant\'s temperament (23%) or occult/supernatural forces (21%). Other
evoked causes were noxious stimuli in the infant\'s environment, possible
organic pathology, maternal anxiety and ineffective responses to the infant\'s
crying. Intervention commonly employed were carrying (90%) and burping
(59%) the infant, followed by singing to the infant (29%), use of an abdominal
binder (27%), or medications (7%) to relieve perceived abdominal pain.
Application of "azete de manzanilla," increased carrying and burping of the
infant, as well as the use od abdominal binder constituted prophylaxis for colic
episodes. Of the 56 mothers of colicky infants, 45 (80%) sought consult
primarily with experienced older relatives (32%) and other mother (32%) like
themselves. This was followed by consult with medical (27%) and other health
personnel (20%), and practitioners of folk medicine (11%). This would indicate
that although colic is a commonly observed phenomenon, it is not routinely
brought to medical attention and is instead managed without a physician\'s
guidance. (Author\'s abstract)
0417 Description of the root system of a moluccan sau (Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosb.) tree. Domingo,
Ireneo L., Jamito, Copernico O., Gonzaga, Rolando T.. The Pterocarpus, , 2(2):188-191
The root system of an 11-year old Moluccan sau (Albizia falcataria (L.)
Fosb.) tree located on a ridge was excavated and the roots studied. The root
system was found to consist of wide-spreading primary lateral roots extending
over an area greater than the extent of the crown, an undeveloped tap-root,
numerous vertical secondary roots, with some natural root graft, and numerous
tertiary roots that give the network appearance of the root system.
Forestry. Moluccan sau (Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosb.) tree. Root system.
® TM
0418 Developing a Windows 2000 serial driver for bluetooth . Ballesteros, Janice M., Borres,
Mabeth M., Botardo, Lucelle C., Caccam, Anne Margrette Q., Galang, Jr., Bienvenido
H., Pucyutan, Billy S.. Philippine Journal of ICT & Microelectronics, , 1(2):28-31
TM
Developing applications over Bluetooth requires a device driver to enable
TM
communication with the Bluetooth host controller. A device driver is a
software component that provides input and output services between
peripherals and the Host Operating System. This paper describes the
TM ®
development of a serial device driver for Bluetooth in the Windows 2000
platform. This is in line with the Advanced Science and Technology Institute\'s
TM
effort in developing a Bluetooth Host-side protocol stack. (Author\'s
abstract)
The paper discusses the principal and technical merits and disadvantages
of this approach to achieve a more suitable type of high yielding planting
materials for small coconut farmers. It also presents new data on the
performance of the hybrid parents as well as the new directions being followed
in the light of fresh evidence obtained from the application of DNA technology.
(Author\'s abstract)
Synthetic variety. Composite variety. Mass selection. Progeny testing. Reciprocal recurrent
selection. Hybridization.
0420 Effectivity of EMLA cream for intradermal skin testing in children.. Cabaluna, MJ, Koh, MLJ,
Sumpaico, Madeleine W. Postgraduate Pediatrics, , 12(1):43-50
To determine whether EMLA cream affects the wheal and flare response
and also reduce pain perception during intradermal skin testing, twenty 5 to 7
year old boys with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma were studied.
EMLA cream was applied randomly either on the left or right arm and
placebo on the other arm. The test areas were occluded for an hour then
injected intradermally with both histamine and phosphate buffered saline. Skin
reactivity was measured as wheal and flare diameter (in mm). The subjects
were requested to point out their pain perception using a Faces of Feeling
Scale. Paired t-test analysis of skin reactivity showed no significant difference
in the wheal diameter response to histamine (p=0.6) and saline (p=0.6) in
areas with EMLA compared to placebo. There was also no significant
difference in flare diameter response to histamine (p=0.4) and saline (p=0.6).
Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks analysis of pain perception showed
significant reduction (p=0.001) of pain in areas with EMLA compared to
placebo.
EMLA cream does not affect skin reactivity to histamine and saline and
also reduces pain during intradermal skin testing in children. EMLA may be an
option to children who are unduly distressed by intradermal skin testing.
(Author\'s abstract)
0421 Effects of drying conditions on wettability and gluability of apitong (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus
Blanco). Pollisco, Filiberto S., Casilla, Romulo C., Tinh, Nguyen. The Pterocarpus, ,
2(1):52-60
0422 Effects of extraction on some physical properties of ten Philippine hardwoods. Bello, Emmanuel
D., Go, Lourdes A.. The Pterocarpus, , 4(1):1-13
0423 Effects of sanding and surface aging on wettability and gluability of apitong (dipterocarpus
grandiflorus blanco). Tinh, Nguyen, Pollisco, Filiberto S., Casilla, Romulo C.. The
Pterocarpus, , 2(2):160-171
0424 Effects of site preparation on field survival and growth of anthocephalus chinensis
seedlings. Domingo, Ireneo L.. The Pterocarpus, , 3(2):33-44
0425 Effects underground root pruning on anthocephalus chinensis transplants. Domingo, Ireneo
L., Jacaine, Domingo V.. The Pterocarpus, , 3(2):77-88
0426 An eight-month old tree seedling with flower. Tandug, Eustaquito T., Domingo, Ireneo L.. The
Pterocarpus, , 2(2):153-155
One seedling of Kaatoan bangkal, Anthocephalus chinensis (Lamk.) Rich.
ex Walp, 8 months old, and about 20 cm in height was observed to have a
flower. This phenomenon was suspected to be due to mist drift of spray of one
or a combination of four plant growth regulators applied to nearby experimental
seedlings.
0427 Emergency room utilization by adolescents at the Philippine General Hospital. Dawis, Ma.
Agnes Chaluangco, Hipolito-Nancho, Rosa Ma. Postgraduate Pediatrics, , 12(1):33-41
0428 Extraction and dye application of crude and powdered indigo (indigofera tinctoria) from Ilijan,
Bago City, Negros Occidental:. Leano, Jr., Julius L., Cabansag, Jeannie Lynn J., Fenoy, Rudy
C.. Samay, , :1-7
Forestry. Technology transfer. Crude indigo (indigofera tinctoria). Extraction and dyeing
application.
0429 Fertilization of potted gubas (Endospermum peltatum Merr.) seedlings in the nursery. Zabala,
Neptale Q.. The Pterocarpus, , 2(2):192-196
0430 Field grafting of yemane, gmelina arborea roxb., and large leaf mahogany, swietenia macrophy
lla king. Zabala, Neptale Q.. The Pterocarpus, , 3(1):81-86
0431 Field survival and growth of morphologically graded anthocephalus chinensis (lamk.) rich. ex
walp. seedlings. Domingo, Ireneo L., Exile, Jr., Amado M.. The Pterocarpus, , 3(1):73-80
Forestry. Kaatoan bangkal (Anthocephalus chinensis) seedlings. Field survival and growth.
0432 Finishing properties and coating systems for teak(Tectona grandis L.f.)and big-leafed
mahogany(Swietenia macrophylla King)thinnings. Tavita, Yolanda L., Palisoc, Josefina G.
. FPRDI Journal, , :35-42
0433 Floral biology of amherstia. Garcia, Mercedes U.. The Pterocarpus: A Philippine Science
Journal of Forestry, , :26-35
0434 Genetic diversity among natural populations of giant honeybee (Apis dorsata F.) in the
Philippines. Merca, Anna E., Laude, Rita P., Tandang, Rosalina N.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :325
0435 Growth comparison between seedlings of plus and routine large leaf mahogany (Sweitenia
macrophylla King) trees. Zabala, Neptale Q.. The Pterocarpus, , 4(1):14-36
Growth of seedlings from a selected plus tree and routine (random) trees
were compared to determine whether phenotypically superior parent trees
would likewise produce "superior" seedlings. Results of the study show that
plus tree seedlings were bigger in diameter, taller, and yield more dry matter
than seedlings of routine trees.
Forestry. Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King). Plus tree seedlings. Routine tree
seedlings. Seedlings growth.
0436 Idiopathic scoliosis among female Filipino school-children. Gonzalez-Paso, Maria Victoria
SG., Agrasada, Ma. Gracia V.. Postgraduate Pediatrics, , 12(1):51-58
GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
SPECIFIC DESIGN:
STUDY DESIGN:
Descriptive-survey.
RESULTS:
Six (50%) had menarche with mean age of onset of 11 years 2 months
2
Tanner\'s staging: 6(50%) Tanner\'s 1,5 (41.67%) Tanner\'s and 1 (8.33%)
Tanner\'s 3. Five (41.67%) had positive family history for scoliosis.
0437 Incidence of urinary retention necessitating maneuvers in patients with indwelling foley catheter
for seven days or less among patients at the medical intensive care unit. Buitizon, Rodel
R.. Philippine Scientific Journal, , 43(1):2-5
There were a total of 125 patients who were included and observed in this
study. The primary inclusion criterion was seven days on indwelling catheter.
Nine out of 125 patients or 7.2% experienced urinary retention. There was a
significant association noted between age and urinary retention but no
association noted between sex and urinary retention. There was a significant
difference in the number of days with catheter on subjects with or without
urinary retention.
The study showed that out os 125 patients who were included in this study,
only nine patients (7.2%) had urinary retention. The predictive factors for the
occurrence of urinary retention in catheterized patients include: ages of > 80
y/o and > 4 days on indwelling catheter. The gender as well as the primary
illness has no association with the occurrence of urinary retention. (Author\'s
abstract)
0438 Increasing nipa sap yield through improved mechanical tapping. Quimbo, Lucio
L.. Technology!, , 13(4):1-16
0439 Infectious mononucleosis in children. Ero, Lyzeil P.. Philippine Scientific Journal, ,
43(1):17-20
Case Summary: A case of 13 year old, female, admitted due to fever and
enlarged right lateral neck mass. The mass was noted 2 weeks prior to
admission as firm, movable, non tender, non-erythematous and no probable
site of insect bite. No other signs and symptoms noted like fever, difficulty in
swallowing, and difficulty of breathing. No consult was done, no medications
were taken. Decreased appetite was also noted one week prior to admission
Methissoprinol an immuno-stimulant and paracetamol for fever were given
during consultation. It was persistent and fever became high grade. Mass was
noted to be enlarged, thus admission. Patient presented with generalized
lymphadenopathy hepatomegaly, persistent fever and pallor. Initial diagnostic
evaluation also leads to malignancy. Further evaluation was done. Bone
marrow aspiration was done revealing normal result. Other manifestations
compatible with infectious mononucleosis appear in the latter part of the
disease; It has a high result of EBV VCA IgM, one test to determine presence
of infectious mononucleosis.
0440 Influence of mycorrhizal fungi and Meloidogyne graminicola interaction on growth of onion
(Allium cepa L.). Gapasin, Ruben M., Balagot, Gina E., Brown, M., Gergon, Evelyn B., Miller,
Susan A., Escano, C.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology
Philippines, , :289
0441
Infrared spectroscopy of two Philippine woods. Bibal, Jose N.. The Pterocarpus, , 4(1):73-85
Forestry. Infrared spectroscopy. Pinus kesiya (ex Gordon). Pterocarpus indicus (Narra).
0442 Integrated land use planning and sustainable watershed management. Cruz, Rex Victor
O.. Journal of Philippine Development, , 26(1):27-50
The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the key issues and concerns
regarding sustainable watershed management ion the Philippines. Emphasis
will be on the various requisites of sustainable watershed management,
sharply focusing on the critical roles of land use planning. It is expected that
the ensuing discussion can lead to a better understanding of the topics
discussed and contribute to an improved operationalization of a truly
sustainable watershed management in the country.
0443 The interaction of moisture content and press time on gluebond formation in paper-overlaid
plywood. Villaflor, Armando A.. The Pterocarpus, , 2(2):180-187
0444 Knowledge and attitudes on condom use among male Filipino adolescents. Redoble,
Yvonne, Nancho, Rosa Ma. Postgraduate Pediatrics, , 12(1):85-90
Data were collected from 91 male fourth year high school students in
Araulo High School to identify predictors of condom use during sexual
intercourse. Students completed a self-report survey that assessed
demographic data, knowledge, and attitudes on condom use. Using the
analysis of maximum estimates, three factors were identified as associated
with condom use. Peer and media influences and the attitudes of partners
towards condom use were noted to be statistically significant in the
adolescents\' intent to use condom during sexual intercourse. (Author\'s
abstract)
0445 Kraft pulping and papermaking properties of agosip (Symplocos ahernii Brand). Go, Lourdes
A., Villaflor, Armando A.. The Pterocarpus, , 4(1):37-51
Forestry. Agosip (Symplocos ahernii Brand.). Kraft pulps. Pulp yield. Permanganate
number. Bleaching.
0446 Notes on the variability of some wood quality indicators in Anonggo, turpinia ovalifolia, a
long-fibered hardwood. Marave, Miguel D., Lantican, Celso B. . The Pterocarpus, , 3(2):25-32
0447 Some observations on the microfungi of ips-infested pinus kesiya in the Philippines. de
Guzman, Enriquito D., Kobayashi, Takao, Quintos, Mutya Ma.. The Pterocarpus, , 3(2):19-24
Plating wood chips obtained from Ips-infested Benguet pine Pinus Kesiya
revealed the presence of fungal species belonging to Ceratocystis, Pestalotia,
Phomopsis, Penicilium and Trichoderma as well as several unidentified
bacteria. Ceratocystis sp. was constantly and dominantly isolated from
Ips-infested trees indicating that it possibly plays an important role in the wilt
process.
0449
Particleboard production. Technology!, , 6(4):1-11
Particleboards are cheaper housing materials from wood wastes. The high
cost of lumber and plywood used for housing and furniture calls for the
utilization of other raw materials which are cheap but of good quality. One of
the promising alternatives is the production of particleboards.
Particleboard is composed of small wood particles or other fibrous
materials. Relatively cheap and highly versatile, it competes closely with
plywood as a prime panel material. It is used for tables, cabinets, partitions,
floorings, ceilings, sidings, interior panels, and doors. With the increase in
housing needs, the demand for particleboard for housing and furniture will also
go up.
The Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI) has put
up a particleboard pilot plant. Technical and financial assistance is provided by
the governments of Japan and the Philippines. Technologies on particleboard
from the production to the finishing aspects are being developed at this pilot
plant.
A commercial plant producing 1435 pieces of particleboards (1.2 m x 2.4 m
x 18 mm) per day may get net returns of P30 million annually with returns per
peso invested of P1.54.
There is a need to establish a particleboard plant on a commercial scale to
demonstrate its viability and profitability. To be able to do this, full support of
the government is needed. Also, more tree farms have to be established as
source of raw materials for the country.
0450 Pathogenicity and cultural characteristics of pestalotia sp. associated with the leaf spot of narra,
pterocarpus indicuswild. de Guzman, Enriquito D., Clavejo, Deolito T.. The Pterocarpus, ,
3(2):1-10
Five isolates of Pestalotia sp. isolated from the leaf spot disease of Narra,
Pterocarpus indicus Willd., were tested to determine the pathogenicity, effects
of culture media, temperature, light conditions, pH, agar and dextrose
concentrations on mycelial growth and sporulation. The host -parasite
relationship and the method of dissemination were also studied.
The results showed that the different isolates were pathogenic on
inoculated seedlings of Narra and exhibited variations in pathogenicity. The
culture media favorable for mycelial growth and sporulation were
potato-dextrose agar and Czapek\'s agar, while malt extract agar, corn meal
agar, and water agar were unfavorable for mycelial growth and sporulation.
The minimum temperature for the growth of the fungus was within the vicinity
o
of 15 C, optimum temperature was 27±1 C, and the maximum temperature
o o
was somewhere above 30 C but below 35 C. The thermal death point was
o
35 C. Light did not influence mycelial production, but it was necessary for
abundant conidial production. The five isolates grew over a wide range of pH
(3.0 to 7.0), but the optimum pH was 5.5. Modifying the agar and the dextrose
concentration of PDA to ¼ standard, 2x standard, and 3x standard did not
show variations on the growth and sporulation of the five isolates. It was also
observed that the germ tube which was extruded from the last colored cell of
the basal segment of the conidium penetrates directly through the epidermis
and the infection hyphae were intracellularly located in the mesophyll cells. Air
and rain played a major role in the spores dispersal.
0452 Physical and mechanical properties of giant ipil-ipil [Leucaena Leucocephala (Lam.) DE
Wit.]. Alipon, Marina A., Bondad, Elvina O.. FPRDI Journal, , :12-22
The physical and mechanical properties of three 20-year-old giant ipil-ipil trees
from Burgos, Ilocos Sur (Region 1) were determined and evaluated. The mean
moisture content(MC), relative density(RD), and volumetric shrinkage(VS)from
green to oven-dry condition were 95.90%, 0.578 and 9.18%, respectively.
Based on the strength classification devised at FPRDI, the mechanical
properties namely;static bending(SB), compression parallel-to-grain(C//),
compression perpendicular-to-grain(C/), and shear fall under moderately high
strength(class 2), at par with those of giant ipil-ipil trees from Canlubang,
Laguna(Region IV). As far as these properties are concerned, its wood may be
used for medium heavy construction, such as heavy-duty furniture and
cabinets, medium grade beams, flooring, door panel and frames.
Forestry. Giant ipil-ipil. Moisture content. Relative density. Volumetric shrinkage. Strength
properties.
0453 Population, territoriality, and recommendaions for conservation of the monkey-eating eagle,
pithecophaga jefferyi, in the Davao provinces. Bonnit, Carlos B., Rundquist,
Lorenne, Rundquist, Vaughn M.. The Pterocarpus, , 3(1):87-100
0454 The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among pediatric patients with chronic liver disease
at UP-Philippine General Hospital. Tejam-Baclayon, Melvina, Gabriel, Elizabeth
P.. Postgraduate Pediatrics, , 12(1):17-24
0455 Quality control in kiln drying. Fernandez, Virgilio A., Casilla, Romulo C., Bello, Emmanuel
D.. The Pterocarpus, , 3(2):45-62
0456
Rattan pole dryer. Technology!, , 5(4):1-12
0457 Rattan production at the village level. Palaypayon, William R., Cadiz, Rafael T.. Technology!,
, 10(2):1-16
Given the needed support and incentives, the rattan industry is capable of
contributing to the upliftment of the socio-economic status of the people in the
forest community.
Rattan can be grown underneath forest trees. Rattan is well known for its
multifarious uses: as food, ornamental and furniture. In 1985, the rattan
industry generated US$95 million in foreign exchange from rattan furniture
exported to other countries.
Research and development efforts of the Forest Research Institute, now
the Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau (ERDB) of the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), indicated the
potential of mass planting rattan in existing tree plantations, secondary forests,
brushland or even coconut plantations as secondary crop.
Using the Net Present Value (NPV) to determine the economic viability of
rattan plantation as an investment, a positive NPV can be obtained at a
discount rate of 15% for a period of 15 years (first harvest) and 20 years
(second harvest). Thus, rattan plantation is a profitable investment in spite of
its long gestation period.
0458 Response of outplanted kaatoan bangkal (Anthocephalus chinensis Rich. ex Walp.) seedlings to
nitrogen fertilization and mulching treatments:. Uri-dela Cruz, Loretto V., dela Cruz, Reynaldo
E., Montecillo, Lupo A.. The Pterocarpus, , 4(1):62-72
0459 Root development of Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosb. seedlings. Dalmacio, Roberto V.. The
Pterocarpus: A Philippine Science Journal of Forestry, , :35-37
The weight of the roots and shoot of Moluccan sau, Albizia falcataria, (L.)
Fosb., seedlings were measured on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th & 12th
week after sowing. The tap root and shoot length ratio decreased as the age
increased starting on the 4th week. The 1:1 ratio was estimated to have
occured on the 23rd day. The root-shoot weight ratio, however, increased as
age increased but the balance was never obtained during the study.
(Author\'s abstract)
0460 Rooting cuttings and grafting of giant leucocephala and pterocarpus indicus. Zabala, Neptale
Q.. The Pterocarpus, , 3(2):71-76
0461 Sawmilling characteristics of giant ipil-ipil [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.]. Alcachupas,
Pablito L., Lapitan, Francisco G.. FPRDI Journal, , :1-11
0463 A simulation model of multi-source single-sink timber harvesting operations. Bonita, Manuel
L.. The Pterocarpus, , 2(2):97-122
0464 Storage stability study on rubber [Hevea brasiliensis (HBK.) Müell. Arg.] seed oil. Lapuz,
Rebecca B., Fidel, Mildred M.. FPRDI Journal, , :94-102
The effect of storage on extracted rubber seed oil (RSO) was determined. The
0
oil was stored for two months at room temperature and at 4 C, with and
without purging with nitrogen gas. Results showed that there was no significant
change in iodine number for all storage conditions. On the other hand,
peroxide value was significantly affected by temperature, storage time and
purging with nitrogen gas. Oils containing unsaturated fatty acids were prone
to hydrolytic deterioration. However, there was no detectable change in the
fatty acid composition of RSO after two months of storage.
Forestry. Rubber seed oil (RSO). Iodine number. Peroxide value. Storage stability.
0466 A study on the mosquito repellant effect of Blumea Balsamifera (Sambong). Pascual, Charisse
G., Romero, Karen, Regachuelo, Dulce, Patricio, Anne Marie, Rom, Nyvi Lou, Quinto, May
Faye, Manalaysay, Gladys, Pabalan, Karmina, Parreno, Charmaine, Peralta, Aubrey, Pilongo,
Jasper, Reyes, Maureen, Salvador, Rene Mari, Tionghoy, Annal Lizza, Virola-Leh, Mary
Ann. Philippine Scientific Journal, , 35(1):32-38
Setting: MCU-FDTMF
Conclusion: The study revealed that the mosquito repellant effect of sambong
and commercially available mosquito coil was comparable. The mosquito coil
made from sambong leaves was more effective having a shorter time elapsed
before it takes effect compared with the commercially available mosquito coil.
(Author\'s abstract)
0467
On the taxonomy of shorea agsaboensis-stern. Rojo, Justo P.. The Pterocarpus, , 3(2):63-70
0468
The use of alternate woods for railroad ties. Technology!, , 3(1):1-11
0469 Validity indices of clinical parameters in predicting lumbar puncture yield in children with febrile
seizures. San Nicolas, Jr., Nicanor P., Lukban, Marissa B.. Postgraduate Pediatrics, ,
12(1):7-16
0470 Variation of some structural features and wood properties of benguet pine, pinus kesiya Royle
Ex. Gord.. Lantican, Celso B.. The Pterocarpus, , 3(1):1-18
Tracheid length and diameter, specific gravity and per cent extractive
content were found to exhibit significant variations among and within 14-year
old trees of Benguet pine, Pinus kesiya Royle ex. Gord., raised in a plantation
in Mountain Province. Extractive content showed no consistent pattern of
variation within trees. The other features, on the other hand, exhibited
systematic patterns of changes in the axial and radial directions. Tracheid
length and diameter and specific gravity were significantly correlated with ring
width but the degree of correlation was weak in each case. Tracheid length
and specific gravity were more closely correlated with age from the pith than
with distance per se from the pith.
0471 Vegetative propagation of pinus caribaea var. hondurensis morelet and pinus oocarpa schneide
by means of needle fascicles. Sargento, Jose O., Barker, John E. . The Pterocarpus, ,
4(1):52-61
Rooting percentages of 97% and 67% in fascicle cuttings from 19-week old
P. caribaea and 25-week old P. oocarpa seedlings were obtained,
respectively. Survival was 100% for P. caribaea and 99% for P. oocarpa
cuttings 16 weeks after setting.
Application of Captan helped prevent fungal damage and did not appear to
reduce rooting. Treatment with indolebutyric acid (IBA) significantly increased
rooting percentage and root length of P. oocarpa cuttings. IBA treatment
increased the number of primary roots per cutting but did not affect the number
of branch roots per primary root of both species. Transplanted rooted fascicles
of both species have attained 97% survival and vigorous growth 7 months after
transplanting into pots.
0472 Wood anatomy of teak(Tectona grandis L.) and big-leafed mahogany(Swietenia macrophylla
King) thinnings. Ramos, Mario DR., Pitargue, Jr., Fernando C., Escobin, Ramiro P., America,
Wilfredo M.. FPRDI Journal, , :23-34
0473 A yield prediction model for mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) plantations. Revilla, Jr.,
Adolfo V., Bonita, Marcelo L., Dimapilis, Leonida L.. The Pterocarpus, , 2(2):172-179
Forestry. Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King). Site index. Yield table. Growth.
GENETICS
0474 The bacterial wilt organism. Raymundo, Asuncion K.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :131-147
In the late 1990s, the "bugtok" disease which causes hardening of cooking
bananas wa suspected to be caused by R. solanacearum but its relationship
with the causal bacterium in wilt of Cavendish bananas (Moko) was not clear.
Molecular probing of the genome of 127 strains of bugtok and Moko causing
strains using different probes and through DNA amplication by polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) showed that this group of strains is of only one type, and
thus is monomorphic. A similar study conducted four years later yielded almost
the same result. Another approach was taken to study genetic diversity and
that was to clone a repetitive element through the construction of a partial
genomic library. Using this cloned rep-element for hybridization, it was shown
that the group was indeed monomorphic with just an additional type, but which
was not exclusive to either bugtok or Moko. Thus, it was concluded that the
casual organisms of bugtok and Moko are one and the same type. In the
former, the bacterium infects the plant through the inflorescence while in the
latter, it does so through the roots. In the course of this study, it was
established that only the banana strains halrbor the rep-element). Thus the
flanking regions of the rep-element were sequenced, and primers synthesized
for PCR. Indeed the banana strains can be differentiated from the other strains
by PCR. This constitutes a fast and efficient methods of differentiating the
diverse strains. Nonetheless, since PCR requires skill and a special machine,
a more user-friendly method, the monoclonal antibody (MAB) technology, was
developed. Using the PCR product as the immunogen, A MAB-based
technique specific only to R. solanacearum banana strains was developed.
However, the sensitivity of this MAB technique was lower than that of PCR.
0475 The human genome project. Ramirez, Bernadette L.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :155-161
The atlas of the human genome will revolutionize medical practice and
biological research into the 21st century and beyond. All human genes will
eventually be found, and accurate diagnostics will be developed for most
inherited diseases. In addition, animal models for human disease research will
be more easily developed, facilitating the understanding of gene function in
health and disease.
0476 "SDS-PAGE-IEF as a versatile technique for mapping genetic markers in screening subjects
with predisposition to genetically-determined diseases"
. Angeles, Leticia T.. Acta Medica Philippina, , 17(4):111-116
Sera and red blood cell membranes from a patient afflicted with Systematic
Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) for the last 26 years and maintained on steroids
and the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs, a normal male
subject from Spain and a dogfish from the Cape Cod area in the North Atlantic
Ocean were subjected to 1-dimensional sodium duodecyl
sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) in 14 runs and the
cryoglobulins from the same sera to a 2-dimensional tube gel
isoelectro-focusing (IEF) and slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)
(2 sets in 3 runs). Bovine serum albumin, actin, myosin lysozyme, myoglobulin
and cytochrome C were used as standards and ampholines in the pH range of
3-10 and 5-7. Interesting band patterns (1 dimension slab gel) and discreet
spots (2-dimensional maps) were revealed . The exact nature of such bands
and spots have not been analyzed. It is hoped, nonetheless, that such patterns
and maps might be of great help in routine screening of seemingly normal
subjects for genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases (and possibly other
related illnesses) so that they could be warned to avoid the possible triggers
that could precipitate the disease, thus saving our otherwise would-be victoms
from acutely fatal or a life-long battle against a chronically debilitating affliction.
(Author\'s summary)
Genetics.
0477 In search of explant source and culture medium for generation of embryogenic tissues from In
Vitro cultures of rice. Chico, Martha V., Desamero, Nenita V., Macabale, Sharon
S.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, ,
:294-295
GEOLOGY
0478 Comparison of pollen assemblages at different heights of sampling. Bulalacao, Lolita J.. Acta
Medica Philippina, , 21(4):140-143
Geology.
0479 Pollen survey in Baguio City in 1984. Bulalacao, Lolita J.. Acta Medica Philippina, ,
21(2):51-53
Geology.
0480 An assessment of re-infection rates and treatment outcomes of patients with pulmonary
paragonimiasis. Belizario, Jr., Vicente Y., de Leon, Winifreda V., Bugayong, Mark Philip G., de
Guzman, Antonio D., Valderama, Maria Theresa G.. Research Journal, , :10-19
Pulmonary paragonimiasis or lung fluke infection is a food-borne parasitosis
that is acquired by ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked fresh water crabs. If
left undiagnosed and untreated, this can lead to a severe and disabling
disease that reduces human productivity and quality of life. The presence of an
Integrated Tuberculosis-Paragonimiasis Surveillance Program in the
municipalities of Casiguran and Irosin in Sorsogon may not be enough in trying
to control this public health problem. Data on finer points such as re-infection
rates are still lacking. This information is especially relevant considering that
people living in endemic areas may not necessarily alter their food preferences
and eating habits easily even with a proven bout with lung fluke infection. In
addition, there are no local studies about the extent of clinical and parasitology
responses to praziquantel therapy, amidst reports of non-response to
treatment. A follow-up survey was conducted in the municipalities of Irosin and
Casiguran which gave special attention to these issues. Results showed that
overall infection rate did not significantly differ from previous levels found in
surveys done in 1997-1998. Also, in patients with past history of
paragonimiasis, 11.5% were again found positive for lung fluke ova.
Non-clearance for parasite eggs even after treatment was also seen in some
patients. Our survey gathered valuable data that may help justify the need for
follow-up and for better health education and promotion strategies that will
prevent subsequent exposure and eventual disease, and probably, in the
evaluation of existing treatment guidelines.
0481
Helminth zoonoses in the Philippines. Eduardo, Salcedo L.. , , :105-119
While some of these zoonotic diseases are now rarely observed, still others
continue to be public health problems. Many are endemic in certain areas of
the Philippines because of the food habit of consuming raw or partly cooked
fish, edible snails and crustaceans and meat in these areas.
More studies on the epidemiology and transmission, including the animal
hosts involved locally, are still needed for some of these problems. Changing
the eating habits and practices can prevent human infection with many of
these diseases. Proper disposal of fecal materials from both man and animals
can also help control or if not cut the life cycle of many of these infectious
agents. These however require aggressive health education campaign in order
to be successful. (Author\'s abstract)
Health and wellness. Helminth zoonoses. Helminth. Taenia saginata asiatica. Zoonotic
diseases. Taeniosis .
0482 The Metro Manila development screening test (MMDST). Williams Phoebe D.. Acta Medica
Philippina, , 17(1):28-30
With the norms available, the test materials and procedure standardized, it
is now possible to use the test for screening purposes. End-users are
envisioned to be health-professionals (nurses, doctors, and allied workers) as
well as those involved in early childhood education (nursery and kindergarten
teachers). The ultimate aim in view is that Filipino children with developmental
delays be detected early so that guidance of parents for home enrichment
purposes may be made; or otherwise, an early referral is done for full
diagnosis and therapy. (Author\'s summary)
INDUSTRY
0483 An analysis of the structure of the Philippine retail food industry. Digal, Larry N.. Philippine
Journal of Development, , 28(1):13-54
The enactment of the Retail Trade Liberalization Act of 2000 (RA 8762),
which liberalizes the Philippine retail trade business, was not based solely on
the overall thrust of the government to pursue market-oriented policies. It also
stemmed from the observation that the sector lacked competition. Large
retailers, particularly supermarkets, continue to displace sari-sari stores and
are alleged to exercise market power, such as that enjoyed by the food
manufacturers. This paper examines the structure of the retail food industry
and analyzes the demand and supply factors and government policies
affecting the industry. It argues that while there is some evidence supporting
allegations of market power in the retailing and manufacturing sectors, it
appears insufficient. Thus, there is a need to test these allegations empirically.
0484 Handloom designs and weaving techniques in the Philippines. Hayin, Jovita A.. Samay, ,
:8-19
0485 Computers-their growth and meaning for man. Varela, Miguel Ma.. Philippine Engineering
Journal, , 4(1):169-176
This paper will discuss the state of computer technology in the country,
guidelines on the use of computers for the improved welfare of society, and
some observations regarding the use and application of computers in Third
World countries.
0486 Deconstructing the Philippines for the knowledge era. Macaranas, Federico M.. Transactions
of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :3-20
LIVELIHOOD
0487 The impact of juvenile and molting hormone analogues on silk quality of silkworm, Bombyx mori
L Fed on mulberry leaf and artificial diet. Bharathi, D, Yungen, Miao. Philippine Journal of
Science, , 129(2):125-130
MARINE SCIENCE
0488 The identification and application of a yeast lipase for the bioorganic synthesis of (S+) –aryl
propionic acid from racemic precursors. Andaya, Elleanor Rio C., Peralta, Milagros
M., Revilleza, Ma. Jamela R.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , :378-379
Four strains of Candida, the species first reported in the literature to exhibit
enantic selectivity in bioorganic reactions, were screened for hydrolase
activities. An extracellular lipase from Candida clausenii exhibited the highest
lipase activity of 312 U/mg and was chosen for the study. Production of the
crude enzyme was optimiezed at pH 6.5 and 40oC. The enzyme was partially
purified through DEAE anion exchange chromatography, eluting at 0.2 M
NaC1. This resulted in an 11 fold increase in lipase specific activity when
compared to the crude extract. SDS-PAGE analysis of the fraction indicated
the presence of two protein bands at 59 and 67 kD, respectively. When used
to catalyzed hydrolysis of the synthetic ibuprofen budy ester, an apparent S(+)
enantioselectivity, due to production of S(+) acid, was observed after HPLC
analysis of the hycrolysales on a chiral column, S, S-Whelk-01 chiral column.
With methyl ester as substance, no products resulted. The crude extract also
showed preference for the S(+) enantiomer, the fast acting desired isomer, but
peak intensity was low compared to the 0.2 M fraction, emphasizing the
importance of protein purification to select for the isoform that acts on the
desired substrate. (Author\'s abstract)
The major protein of the coconut endosperm is cocosin, one of a large clas
of seed storage proteins known as 11S globulins. This study aimed to isolate,
purify and characterize the cocosin, an essential requirement in cloning and
characterizing its gene.
Cocosin was isolated and purified by salt extraction (0.35 NaC1), Fast
Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC)-gel filtration using Hiload 26/60
TM
Superdex 200 column and FPLC-anion exchange chromatography with
TM
RESOURCE Mono Q column, The native molecular weight of cocosin was
estimated to be 326000. Electrophoretic analysis revealed one set of 2 closely
migrating bands at approximately 34,000 (acidic polypeptides) and another set
of 2 bands at 24000 (basic polypeptides). Each set consisted of one darkly
stained band and one lightly stained band. Preliminary N-terminal amino acid
sequencing of the 34kD protein band gave the following sequence.
SVRSVNEFRXE.
0490 Metabolism of a Northwestern Philippine Coral Reef flat measured at two spatial scales. Yap,
Helen T., Dizon, Romeo M., Montebon, A. Rex F.. Philippine Journal of Science, ,
128(3):211-223
0491 Mode of action of isoquinuclidine alkaloids from tropical yam, Dioscorea hispida SCHLUSSEL
against rice armyworm, Pseudaletia separata larvae. Banaag, Alexie B.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :377
This paper reports the effect of two alkaloids (dioscorine and dioscorine
N-oxide) on the behavior of rice armyworm, Pseudaletia separata.
0492 A new alkaloid predicted as intermediate in the biogenesis of the Pandanus alkaloids from
Pandanus amaryllifolius ROXB.. Lopez, Daisy, Ichikawa, Tomotake, Takayama,
Hiromitsu, Kitajima, Mariko, Aimi, Norio, Nonato, Maribel G.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :377-378
A mid-polar alkaloid from the DCM fraction which was further purified by
1 13
MPLC gave H and C NMR spectra identical to the secondary amine
intermediate proposed in the biomimetic synthesis of Pandamarilactonine-A
and –B [1]. These two alkaloids together with Pandamarilactone-1 [2] were
also found in the dichloromethane fraction. Further 2-D NMR spectra of the
secondary alkaloid confirmed its structure. This secondary amine is predicted
biogenetically to be the possible intermediate of the reported Pandanus
alkaloids. (Author\'s abstract)
0493 Non-alkaloid components detected in tropical yam, Dioscorea hispida SCHLUSSEL. Banaag,
Alexie B., Honda, Hiroshi, Matsuyama, Shigeru, Matsuda, Kazuhiko. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :376
0494 Reef check data reveal rapid recovery from coral bleaching in the Mamanucas, Fiji. Harding,
Simon P., Solandt, Jean-Luc, Walker, Ryan C.J., Walker, Dianne, Taylor, Jessica, Haycock,
Simon, Davis, Melanie T., Raines, Peter S. Silliman Journal, , 44(2):81-99
Twenty two fringing reef sites within the Mamanuca Islands, western Fiji were
surveyed during 2001 and 2002, using Reef Check methods. A mean increase
of 14.3% in hard coral cover was recorded over the 12-month period. This
increase in hard coral cover suggests a significant recovery of scleractinian
coral colonies that were originally impacted by the 2000 mass bleaching
episode in the South Pacific. The event was reported to have caused >80%
coral mortality in the southern and eastern regions of Fiji. Between 2001 and
2002 the coral reefs of the Mamanucas progressed from
0495 Spill-over effects of a community-based marine protected area:. Ledesma, Gerardo L., Dacles,
Terence, Raines, Peter S., Solandt, Jean-Luc, Beger, Maria, Harborne, Alistaire R., Harding,
Simon P., Lizaris, Juny Silliman Journal, , 44(2):61-80
0496 A survey of corals found in Siasi, Sulu. Que, Jr., Samson O. , Sulit, Sylvia Y. . Research
Journal, , 10(1):11-17
The survey was conducted in Siasi, Sulu from December 21-30, 1985 for a
duration of ten days, in order to obtain some data of the species which may
prove to be significant and beneficial to us. The survey was conducted in two
collecting stations the Hambilan Beach and the Siganggang Beach
respectively. The said selected stations in the place yielded a total of twenty
different coral species. Keys to species as well as the morphological
descriptions, distribution as well as generic groupings and illustrations of
species are specifically presented.
0497 A survey of marine benthic algae in selected areas of Zamboanga City. Madamba, Ma. Luisa
A., Miole, Dennis. Research Journal, , 10(1):8-10
MATHEMATICS
0498 The pre-algebra course:. Mamhot, Millard R., Mamhot, Alice A., Kilat, Kemmons S.. Silliman
Journal, , 48(1):101-116
One reality in our educational system is that a sizable number of our high
school graduates are not prepared for college and a good portion of this are
under-prepared to take regular college mathematics courses. A survey
conducted in one of the state universities in Central Visayas, Philippines in
school year 2004-2005 showed that about 90% of its college entrants have a
hard time doing elementary operations on fractions, decimal, and percent. One
resulting recommendation was that a bridge program be set up for these
students. A subsequent study by Kilat (2006) noted five variables that most
likely relate to students\' grade in College Algebra: HighSchool General
Average (HSG), High School Mathematics Grade (HSM), Silliman University
Admission and Placement Examination (SUAPE) Score, SUAPE Math
component score (SM), and College Algebra Grade (CAG) is strongly
correlated with HSG and SM. The linear regression model with Durbin-Watson
d statistic of 2.16 showed that CAG = 0.076HSG + 0.073SM - 6.23. With this
equation, a desired CAG can be set to a certain value and the values of the
other two variables may also be computed. A flowchart was drawn to aid the
university admission office in identifying students who need to take the
pre-algebra course. Three semesters after its implementation, the percentage
of those who obtained below average and failure significantly decreased from
39.77% to 29.67%. It is recommended that schools who wish to set up a
bridge program for their incoming first year students adopt this method or a
variation of this method according to the nature of their admission policy. If a
school does not intend to put up a bridge program for their regular
mathematics couses, it is suggested that students still be grouped according to
their mathematical abilities in order to lighten the teacher\'s task of managing
the classroom and diversifying one\'s approach to maximize effectiveness in
transmitting mathematical knowledge to students.
MEDICINE
Medicine.
0501 On atherosclerosis and diseases of "degeneration". Dayrit, Conrado S.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :163-177
0502 Bioceramic orbital plate implant. Reyes, J.P., Celorico, J.R., Dela Cuesta, L.C., Filo,
J.M., Daan, L.G., Bernardo, S.T., Abano, J.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 129(2):93-99
0503 Cancer of the maxillary antrum. Abes, Generoso T., Chiong, Armando T. Acta Medica
Philippina, , 17(4):121-126
0504 Chronic sinusitis in pediatric patients with chronic respiratory symptoms in the out-patient
department of PGH. Quitain, Grace Ann B., Sumpaico, Madeleine W.. Postgraduate
Pediatrics, , 12(1):25-31
OBJECTIVE:
METHODS:
Patients seen from April to August 31, 1995 were interviewed and
underwent allergy skin testing, upright Waters view, and serum IgG and IgA
levels. The x-rays were read by a single allergy fellow. The blood samples
were examined at the Immuno-MRL laboratory of UP-PGH.
Date analysis was done by chi-square, relative risk determination with 95%
confidence interval estimation, and multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
Forty five new patients, 53% females and 47% males with mean age of 9.6
+ 3.4 years were included in the study. The mean duration of symptoms was
2.7 + 2.6 years. Seventy one percent had positive skin tests. 68.9% has a
family history of atopy, and 26.7% had a history of chronic asthma. Single
sinus involvement was more frequent in the younger age group.
CONCLUSION:
0505 Clinical features of allergic rhinitis cases seen at UP-PGH medical center, allergy
section. Agbayani, Benigno F., Roxas, Jerry, Aquino, Catalina. Acta Medica Philippina, ,
17(4):127-136
One hundred forty-four (144) subjects with allergic rhinitis showed that
63.8% were females and 36.22% were males. The group between ages 15-29
years was the age group most affected with allergic rhinitis. This is the age
group also when majority of patients developed the initial allergic symptoms.
Fifity nine percent (59.03%) were single, while 39.58% were married.
Social clases 3 and 4 were where the majority of the cases clustered.
Bronchial asthma was the single allergic disease mostly associated with
allergic rhinitis in almost 50% of the cases. About fifty-five percent were
positive for family history of allergy and 44.44% denied or could not recall any
family history of allergy. Symptoms occurred any time of the day in most cases
(47%) and occured perennially in 25% of cases. Seasonal occurrence during
the months of January, February, November, and December had been noted.
Sneezing, pruritus nasal stuffiness/congestion, lacrimation, and rhinorrhea
were the most common symptoms complained of by patients. Other symptoms
such as post-nasal drip, pain in the ear, itchy throat and headache were also
complained of but were also the usual complications of allergic rhinitis.
The antigens which gave the most significant reactions of intradermal skin
test are as follows: (in order of their significance)
Medicine.
0506 Clinical features of atopic dermatitis cases seen at UP-PGH medical center, allergy
section. Agbayani, Benigno F., Tiangco-Torres, Nila, Mendoza, Doris, Aquino, Catalina. Acta
Medica Philippina, , 17(4):137-142
Medicine.
0508 Clinical limb replantation. Recto, Rafael S., Silao, Jose V., Sangalang-Tacata,
Ida, Tanbonliong, Severino L.. Acta Medica Philippina, , 21(3):99-102
It is not the purpose at this point in time to make an in-depth analysis of the
seven cases that under went replantation procedures but rather to report on
the following.
Medicine.
0509 A comparative study of the safety and efficacy of terfenadine in perennial allergic
rhinitis. Agbayani, Benigno F., De Guzman, Fita, Roxas, Jerry. Acta Medica Philippina, ,
17(4):143-151
Medicine.
0510 Congenital diastasis of the inferior tibio-fibular joint. Pobre, Thomas Elias Y., Ang, Reynaldo
E.. Acta Medica Philippina, , 21(1):31-33
A newborn boy with equinovarus deformity of the right foot was initially
managed as clubfoot by gentle manipulation and serial application of plaster
cast. Review of x-ray ten weeks later revealed diastasis of the distal
tibio-fibular joint. History of rifampin and INH intake during the first trimester of
pregnancy is elicited, but corelation with the deformity needs further
investigation. Mode of treatment of previously reported cases also reviewed.
(Author\'s summary)
Medicine.
0511 Correlation of clinical depression and glycemic control in adult diabetes mellitus type 2 patients
in Ospital ng Makati. Bernardo, Jonathan James G., Sy, Rosa Allyn G.. Philippine Journal of
Internal Medicine, , 43(5):253-260
OBJECTIVES:
METHODS:
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
2
Included the use of Independent T-test, Chi Analysis, Pearson Correlation
and 2-tailed Significance.
RESULTS:
No significant association were found between blood sugar levels and the
presence of depression (p=0.474. However, higher FBS means tended to
occur with depressed patients which suggest that significant associations
between blood sugar levels and depression may be more evident with a larger
population. Depressed individuals presented with significantly lower LDL levels
than that of non-depressed patients (p=0.024) and there was a significant
positive correlation between HDL levels and SDS scores. There was a trend in
the duration of diabetes, and the presence of diabetic complications
(retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, hypertension, and macrovascular
complications). Results show that with the longer duration of diabetes, and the
presence of hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy, there
seems to be a greater number of depressed patients. The prevalence of
depression in Filipino diabetic patients in Ospital ng Makati is 85%.
CONCLUSION:
Trends seen between depression and diabetic complications are consistent
with findings of other clinical studies and meta-analyses where the same
associations were found to be significant. No study correlating cholesterol
levels with depression in diabetic patients were found to either corroborate or
disprove the findings in this study, however it may be postulated that the
patients\' diet and coping mechanisms for depression may be associated with
these findings. Further studies into the relationship of cholesterol levels and
BMI with depression in diabetic patients are recommended. (Author\'s
abstract)
0512 Correlative study of blood trace elements with taste, smell and symptoms during
pregnancy. Lawas, Noel D., Lawas, Irineo L., Del Castillo, Teresita, Pasamba, Reynald. Acta
Medica Philippina, , 21(4):118-125
5. Zinc values were low, 70% of the total pregnant women fall below the
established normal range for the general population. Zinc values were lost in
the first trimester of pregnancy, increasing somewhat in the second, and
reaching higher levels during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Medicine.
0513 Cryptococcal meningitis in a one month old infant. Oteyza, Edgar N.. Acta Medica Philippina,
, 17(1):24-27
0514 Dermatomyositis and lung malignancy. Cruz-Bermudez, Charito F.. Philippine Journal of
Internal Medicine, , 43(5):261-266
OBJECTIVE:
STUDY DESIGN:
Case report
SETTING:
CASE SUMMARY:
Case 1 is a 65 year old male with two year history of pulmonary nodule. CT
scan guided needle biopsy showed fibrous tissues with neutrophils,
lymphocytes and histiocytes suggestive of chronic inflammation with fibrosis,
however negative for malignant cells. Empiric anti-kochs therapy was given for
six months with stable pulmonary findings on subsequent serial chest CT scan.
Seven months later, the patient developed dermatomyositis for which
prednisone and hydroxychloroquine were given with noted clinical
improvement. Subsequently, he developed recurrent pleural effusion. Repeat
CT scan biopsy of the pulmonary nodule later on revealed adenocarcinoma for
which he underwent chemotherapy using cisplatin and vinorelbin.
Result: Ten multiply transfused patients were randomly selected. Of the ten
patients 5 (50%) were males and 5(50%) females. Four patients were within
the pediatric age group and 5 adults. Two patients had Thalassemia, 3
Leukemias, one had a primary immunodeficiency (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome),
2 autoimmune hemolytic disease, 1 Myelodysplastic Syndrome, 1 Congenital
Erythroid Hypoplasia. Eight (80%) of the 10 patient were found to be HLA
antibody positive. Five (50%) patients were sensitized to HLA Class I and II
antigen. One was sensitized to Class I alone and two to Class II only. Except
for one of those with significant level of HLA antibody, all patients were highly
sensitized (>50%) to either Class I or II, 2 (20%) were negative to both Class I
and II antibodies.
Conclusion: In this study, results showed that 8 out of ten patients having
positive Class I or II antibodies. Although, a review of their platelet transfusions
showed one patient developing refractoriness, with continuous exposure there
is a possibility that later other patients may develop platelet refractoriness. This
study also discussed the importance of leucodepletion in reducing the risk of
alloimmunization. (Author\'s abstract)
0516 Diabetic neuropathies. Reyes, Erlinda T., Villadolid, Leland S., Mendoza-Salonga, Aida S.,
Medina, Julieta F. Acta Medica Philippina, , 17(3):77-83
Medicine.
0517 Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and dysphagia. Apolinario, Napoleon M., Soriano,
Ramon M.G., Libarnes, Roseller L.. Acta Medica Philippina, , 21(3):105-107
Medicine.
0518 Effect of sucrose on some physical properties of different Philippine Agars.. Romero, Jumelita
B., Montaño, Marco Nemesio E., Merca, Florinia A., Rumbaoa, Rowena Grace O., Villanueva,
Ronald D.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 129(1):7-13
The effect of sucrose on some gelling properties of agar extracts from six
Philippine agarophytes: Gracilaria eucheumoides, G firma, G. salicornia,
Gelidiella acerosa, Gracilariopsis heteroclada and Laurencia flexilis were
investigated with Bacto-agar, (Difco) as reference. Sucrose-agar gels
consisted of 50% sucrose in 1.5% (w/w) agar solution. Control gels contained
1.5% aqueous agar solution. Addition of sucrose resulted in significant
increase (p<0.05) in the gel strength and the gelling and melting temperatures
of gels prepared from G. eucheumoides, G. firma, G. salicornia, L. flexilis, G.
heteroclada and Bacto-agar. On the other hand, syneresis index decreased.
Similar effects were observed with Gelidiella acerosa agar except for its gel
strength which decreased in the presence of sucrose. Chemical analysis
indicated high 3,6-anhydrogalactose and low sulfate contents of agar samples.
The FT-IR apectra indicated sulfation at C-4 on the galactose residues of G.
eucheumoides, G. firma, G. salicornia and L. flexilis agars. These agars were
classified "sucrose-reactive" based on their gel strengths which increased
more than twice that of the control upon sucrose addition. (Author\'s abstract)
0519 Endometrial findings in menopausal women under long-term estrogen therapy. Villadolid,
Leland S., Reyes, Erlinda T., Dalmacio-Cruz, Adelaida Acta Medica Philippina, , 17(3):69-72
Medicine.
0520 Engineering antibodies for human therapy. Padlan, Eduardo A.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :31-37
0522 Experience with post injection quadriceps contracture. Montalban, Antonio M.. Acta Medica
Philippina, , 21(1):9-11
Medicine.
0523 Giant-cell tumor of bone. Silao, Jr., Jose V., Agcaoili, Norberto R., Nitollama, Rodolfo L., Arcilla,
Gerard C., Leagogo, Liberato C.. Acta Medica Philippina, , 21(1):21-26
Majority of the lesions occurred near the articular ends of long bones
(82.7%). The three most common sites are the distal end of the radius
(24.1%). The distal end of the femur (24.1%) and the proximal end of the tibia
(13.7%). other sites are the proximal fibula, distal tibia, calcaneu, mandible,
vertebra, ilium, and sacrum.
The management instituted depended on the site and site of the lesion and
the extent of soft tissue invasion. In 64.3%, curettage, curettage followed by
bone grafting, wide excision, and resection were the methods of choice for
lesions in suitable sites such as the distal ulna, proximal tibia, proximal fibula,
sacrum, calcaneus, and mandible. Resection-arthrodesis with fibular bone
grafting were done in two patients with lesions of the distal femur. Resection
with fibular bone grafting were done into two patients and centralization of the
ulna in one patient with a lesion of the distal radius. One patient with a lesion
of T2 vertebra underwent laminectomy and radiotherapy.
Local recurrence rate was 13.7%. A long term follow-up result of this series
has yet to be done. (Author\'s abstract)
Medicine.
0524
Herbal therapy. de Padua, Ludivina S.. Scientia Filipinas, , 1(1):18-23
0525 Intertrochanteric fractures of the femur treated by jewett nailing. Ver, Mario R., Dy, Jr.,
Albert. Acta Medica Philippina, , 21(1):13-19
We have also analyzed the flaws in our set-up and because most of these
complications are preventable, we are suggesting some guidelines which are
to be strictly enforced should conditions dictate the use of this technique.
(Author\'s summary)
Medicine.
0526 Liver trapping index in the evaluation of the underlying cirrhosis in hepatocellular
carcinoma. Pascasio, Flora M., Domingo, Ernesto O., Lao, Judy Y., Cruz, Federico B.. Acta
Medica Philippina, , 17(3):73-76
The liver trapping index (LTI) which is the ratio of radionuclide uptake by
the liver to that of a reference organ away from the liver was determined in 45
subjects with normal livers, 14 cirrhotics who were all decompensated and 29
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who were also cirrhotics. The mean
LTI was statistically higher in normals than in cirrhotics and HCCs. However,
the mean LTI of HCCs with compensated cirrhosis or cirrhotics alone and was
similar to that of normals. A cut off LTI value of 2.3 showed 89% of normals
were above this while 87.5% (7 out of 8) of HCCs with severe cirrhosis and all
decompensated cirrhotics were below this. Based on the results, it is
concluded that the LTI can discriminate between normal and decompensated
cirhotic livers. Furthermore in HCC with cirrhosis, it reflects more the cirrhosis
rather the malignancy. (Author\'s summary)
Medicine.
0527 Minimum Inhibitory concentrations of aminoglycoside, ß-lactam and Quinolone antimicrobials for
nosocomial isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumanii complex from the
Philippine General Hospital. Cabrera, Esperanza C., Rodriguez, Roslyn DM., Cantiller, Patricio
L., Lee, Anthony C.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 129(1):1-6
0528 A modification of the quantitative thick smear method for schistosoma japonicum. Valencia,
Cynthia I., Abear, Roger F.. Acta Medica Philippina, , 17(3):91-94
A modification of the stool thick smear method of Kato and Katz for
Schistosoma japonicum is described. The technique utilizes 1% eosin solution
overlaid on cellophane-covered fecal smear in which the cellophane strip had
been previously immersed in 0.3% methylene blue in 25% glycerine solution.
The eosin stain provided a good contrast for S. japonicum eggs against the
other helminths and fecal debris. The increase in accurate detection of
schistosome eggs was statistically significant. (Author\'s summary)
Medicine.
0529 A modified procedure for the preparation of mitoxantrone. De Leoz, Maria Lorna
A., Endoma-Arias, Mary Ann A., Concepcion, Gisela P., Cruz, Lourdes J.. Philippine Journal
of Science, , 135(2):83-92
Anticancer
compound. Synthesis. Anthraquinone. Chemotherapy. Chrysazin. Cytotoxicity. Medicine.
0530 Musculo-skeletal complications in seizure disorders. Montalban, Antonio M., Recto, Jr., Rafael
S., Soriano, Ramon M.G.. Acta Medica Philippina, , 21(3):103-104
Medicine.
0531 A new approach to the posterolateral region of the proximal tibia. Libarnes, Roseller L.. Acta
Medica Philippina, , 21(3):87-89
2. There is very little interference with the anatomic structure of the knee.
Medicine.
0532 Nonimmune hydrops fetalis. Gamutan, Kathleen Grace C., Lucero-Tan, Flerida. Philippine
Scientific Journal, , 35(1):15-24
Results: The incidence of nonimmune hydrops fetalis in our center was 1:348
births per year. Overall perinatal mortality was 84.2%. Toxoplasmosis, rubella,
cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, or TORCH infection were the most common
cause of nonimmune hydrops fetalis in our study. There were 5 etiologies
identified - TORCH (50%), thalassemia (13.6%), cardiomegaly (13.6%),
congeital anomalies (4.5%), and idiopathic (18.2%). There was a good
correlation betwen neonatal survival and those who were diagnosed with CMV
alone (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between
neonatal survival and the other etiologies as mentioned. (p > 0.05). The
application of intrauterine fetal therapy was not significantly associated with
survival of the newborn. (p>0.05).
0533 Patterns of infection among renal transplant recipients on mycophenolate mofetil at the National
Kidney and Transplant Institute. Mendoza, Myrna T., Coquia, Abraham T.. Philippine Journal
of Internal Medicine, , 43(5):249-252
BACKGROUND:
METHODS:
RESULTS:
Infection rate was 42.4% during the first year following transplantation in
125 patients. Infection was highest during the first 3 months. Pneumonia and
UTI were the most common bacterial infections observed. Bacterial and viral
infections were of equal frequency during this time. More cytomegalovirus
(CMV) disease was observed with an MMF dose of at least 2 grams per day.
Fungal infections also occurred during the first 3 months after transplantation.
TB occurred late in the first year. The acute rejection rate at 12 months was
25.6%, most of which occurred during the first 3 months after transplantation.
CONCLUSION:
0534 Persistent common atrioventricular canal. Mendoza-Wi, Jennifer Ann. Acta Medica
Philippina, , 17(3):95-105
Medicine.
0535 Phencyclidine poisoning report of a case and review of the literature. Chua, Rogelio H., Lim,
Jane V.. Acta Medica Philippina, , 18(4):147-149
The case presented may be just one of the many cases of Phencyclidine
poisoning that may have penetrated into our country\'s drug scene. Its vague,
bizarre, and unusual presentations may often result in misdiagnosis and
incorrect approach to therapy leading to inevitable morbidity and perhaps,
mortality. Thru this paper therefore, we hope to make people be aware of the
manifestations of Phencyclidine overdose and therefrom, institute early
therapy to minimize its odious side effects. (Author\'s summary)
Medicine.
0536 Prevalence of strongyloides stercoralis infection in selected areas in the Philippines using a
modified harada-mori culture technique. Cabrera, Benjamin D.. Acta Medica Philippina, ,
17(3):84-90
Medicine.
0537 Production of crude insecticidal sucrose esters from palm kernel oil. Acda, Reynaldo L., Conde,
Desiree G.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology
Philippines, , :361
Crude insecticidal sucrose esters were produced from palm kernel oil
through saponification, acidification, fatty acid chloride formation and acid
chloride-sucrose reaction. The effect of varying the amount of
concentrated HCl (2 ml, 4 ml, 6 ml, 8 ml, 10 ml, and 12 ml) per 10 g of palm
o
kernel oil soap sample at 95 C on the fatty acid yield, the effect of increasing
the amount of thionyl cloride (using 0.025 mol, 0.07 mol, 0.05 mol, 0.1 mol,
and 0.125 mol) per 10 g fatty acid or 0.05 mole fatty acid (as lauric acid) on the
acid chloride formation, the fatty acid (as lauric acid) on the acid chloride
formation; and the efficacy of crude insecticidal sucrose esters on whitefly
were determined.
o
The results showed that palm kernel oil saponified with 35 Be caustic soda
(soap 1) yielded 16.84% free fatty acid and caustic potash (soap 2) with similar
concentration in ethanol yielded 17.64% free fatty acid using 10 ml of
concentrated HCI. Using various amount of thionyl chloride (1:2 fatty
acid-thionyl chloride molar ratio) giving 11.2 g and 15.3 g fatty acid chloride
from soap 1 and 2, respectively. Sucrose ester yield presented a high
conversion of 72.91% and 76.32% based from the sucrose and acid chloride
reaction.
0538 Profile of pelvic fractures in PGH 1979-1983. Jaen, Marcelo N.. Acta Medica Philippina, ,
21(3):91-93
Fifty-six cases with pelvic fractures were reviewed. More than two-thirds of
these were due to vehicular accidents, mostly pedestrians. More than a third of
these cases are associated with variety of fractures and injuries to soft tissues,
with bladder laceration as the most common soft tissue injury associated.
Classification of pelvic fractures is of great help to anticipate complications.
Lower urinary tract injury and mortality is most common in Type II pelvic
fracture. Hematuria is not indicative of major lower urinary tract injury.
Hemorrhage is the most common cause of death and best managed by direct
surgical intervention if intraperitoneal; while extraperitoneal hemorrhage is best
managed by continuous blood transfusion and stabilization of the pelvic
fractures. (Author\'s abstract)
Medicine.
0539 Progress in the control of tuberculosis. Tupasi-Ramos, Thelma E.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :149-153
0540 Radioprotection of intestinal crypt cells by cox-inhibitors. Bisnar, Paul O., Dones, Rosa Angela
S.A., Serna, Paulene-Ver A., Deocaris, Chester C., Guttierez, Kalangitan V., Deocaris, Custer
C.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 135(2):73-81
0541 Renal transplantation 5 years experience at the UPCM-PGH medical center. Daquioag, Eleanor
P.. Acta Medica Philippina, , 21(2):43-49
From May 1976 to March 1982 a total of 23 renal transplant using living
related and non-related donors was performed by UPCM-PGH Medical Center
dialysis-transplant program. There were 16 males and 7 females, of which 15
were 34 years old and under, only 3 patients were over the age of 45. A mean
age of 32.8 years for all. Most of the deaths occured during the first 6 months
post-transplantation (7/23). Patient survival appeared to be better among
patient who were well matched (or mismatches) for the HLA – A and – B
antigen loci. (Author\'s summary)
Medicine.
0542 Re-structuring of the out-patient medical services. Montalban, Cecilia, Baltazar, Aida. Acta
Medica Philippina, , 17(4):152-159
Medicine.
0543 Serological survey of toxoplasma gondii in human and rodents in Manila. Jueco Nonette
L., Garcia, Edito G., Manahan, Laura, Cross, John H.. Acta Medica Philippina, , 17(1):1-5
A total of 124 rats sera were also examined IHA and titers of 1:64 and
above were obtained from 8.1% of the rats. Smears of brains of 344 rats
examined were all negative for cysts of T. gondii. Fecal examinations of kittens
fed with rat brains were all negative for oocysts. (Author\'s summary)
Medicine.
0544 A single dose double-blind study comparing the relative analgesic efficacy of orally-administered
zomepirac sodium versus mefenamic acid in the treatment of post-operative pain. Gonzales,
Cecile P., Melendres, Fernando A., Valdez, Ernesto V.. Acta Medica Philippina, ,
18(4):141-146
0545 Sleepiness and sleeping patterns among internal medicine residents in tertiary care
hospitals. Jorge, II, Manuel C., Ledesma-Gamba, Marie Angeline, Chavez, Joselito R., Refre,
Glenford R.. Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine, , 43(5):235-240
BACKGROUND:
OBJECTIVES:
STUDY DESIGN:
METHODOLOGY:
ANALYSIS:
RESULTS:
CONCLUSIONS:
0546 Sleepiness and sleeping patterns among residents in training at the University of the Philippines
- Philippine General Hospitals. Refre, Glenford R., Jorge, II, Manuel C., Capalongan, Therese
C.. Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine, , 43(5):241-248
BACKGROUND:
OBJECTIVES:
STUDY DESIGN:
Cross-Sectional, Cohort
METHODOLOGY:
ANALYSIS:
RESULTS:
CONCLUSIONS:
EDS among the residents was highly prevalent. EDS was primarily brought
about by sleep loss secondary to prolonged working hours and sleep
fragmentation leading to circadian rhythm disturbances. Further studies are
recommended to test for cognitive function, psychomotor performance and
other work related learning and personal health variables to further address
the sleep deficiency experienced by our residents. (Author\'s abstract)
0547 Species determination of human hookworm using the polyethylene-tube culture technique in
selected areas in the Philippines. Cabrera, Benjamin D.. Acta Medica Philippina, , 17(1):6-9
A total of 4,208 stool specimens from individuals coming from six selected
municipalities in the Philippines were cultured and examined. Approximately
47% were found positive for hookworm larvae. Of the positive cases, 97%
were Necator americanus, 1% Ancylostoma duodenale and 2-3% mixed
infection. The prevalence rate was highest in the Bicol Region (Sorsogon and
Camarines Sur) and lowest in Cavite. Hookworm infection is consistently
higher in adults than in children in the six areas and slightly higher in males
than in females. Culture technique for determination of hookworm species is
ideal because the drug of choice in the treatment of each species is different.
(Author\'s summary)
Medicine.
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction using skin test with PPD, PHA, and
histoplasmin revealed that anergy or hyponergy was noted to be present in
about 1/2 of subjects. More so, with the malnutrition group. In general,
leukocytosis was noted in the patient group bu absolute lymphocytes remain
normal in count.
The study purports to show that lymphocytes and B-cell (plasma cell) are
intact and respond to Staphylococcus infection. Malnutrition is a contributing
factor but the major immune defect is most likely attributed to
neutrophil-phagocytic dysfunction. The possibility of
complement-antibody-phagocytic malfunction could not be discounted. This
remains to be investigated. (Author\'s summary)
Medicine.
0549 A study of the conservative management of TB of the spine in UP-PGH center. Leagogo, Jr.,
Liberato Antonio. Acta Medica Philippina, , 21(1):3-8
Medicine.
0550 Supracondular humeral fractures in PGH. Coruña, Jose Maria R.. Acta Medica Philippina, ,
21(1):27-30
Medicine.
0551
The tongue. Magboo, Arthur T.. Philippine Scientific Journal, , 35(1):39-44
0552 Tuberculous brain abscess. Chua, Rogelio H.C., Horrilleno, Evelyn, Ong, Danilo. Acta Medica
Philippina, , 17(3):106-108
The first case of tuberculous brain abscess of the right frontal is being
reported in local literature. The evolution of the disease, the mode of treatment
and the post-operative outcome are discussed. The pathogenesis of
tuberculous brain abscess is briefly described. (Author\'s summary)
Medicine.
0553 Variations in size and shape of schistosoma japonicum eggs. Jueco, Nonette L.. Acta Medica
Philippina, , 17(1):10-15
Schistosoma japonicum eggs were measured and the size compared with
those of ascaris and hookworm eggs. The egg measurement of S. japonicum
ranged from 46 to 110.4 microns in length by 36.8 to 89.7 microns in width and
an average size of 75.3 by 54 microns. Knobs were seen in 10% of the eggs
while 6.6% of the eggs seen in the faces were immature. Fifty-two percent of
the eggs overlap with the measurements of hookworm eggs. The
measurements of schistosome eggs from feces of patients obtained in
Sorsogon showed larger range of variability when compared with those
reported from other countries: (Author\'s summary)
Medicine.
NUTRITION
0554 Technical feasibility of developing an instant tube feeding formula. Tanchoco, C.C., Villadolid,
M.F., Natividad, A.S., Rodriguez, M.P., Martin, A.B., Santos, R.L., Udarbe, M.A., Lainez,
W.N.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 129(2):77-83
PHYSICS
0555 Digital controller for stepping motor-driven x-ray diffractometer. Naval, Jr., P.C., Saligan,
P.P., Soriano-Calix, V.B.. Philippine Engineering Journal, , 6(2):23-34
0557 High pressure properties of ZnSex S1-x single crystals. Tiong-Palisoc, Shirley. Philippine
Journal of Science, , 129(1):41-46
The static phase transition points of ZnSe and ZnSex S1-x (0.40< x < 1)
single crystals in the high pressure region are determined based on the
transformation pressures of Bi I-II, Bi III-V and ZnS using the cubic anvil
method where the pressure-induced variation of resistance is measured. The
transition pressures of the samples vary linearly with the composition of ZnS in
the ZnSexS1-x. The shock compression curves of ZnSe0.85S0.15 single crystals
are also investigated. The pressure-particle velocity Hugoniot is found to agree
with the corresponding Hugoniots of ZnS and ZnSe up to the phase transition
point. The P-V isotherm of ZnSe0.85S0.15 derived from the Us-up Hugoniot is
consistent with the calculated P-V curve based on Bridgman\'s static data of
ZnS and ZnSe. (Author\'s abstract)
Physics.
0558 Short-period ZnTe-Zn(S, Te) superlattices. Tiong-Palisoc, S., Korn, M., Faschinger,
W.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 129(1):37-40
MBE. High resolution x-ray diffraction. GaAs. Relaxation. Substrate. Barrier. Physics.
0560 Gearing national S&T capability for global competitiveness in the 21st century. Umpa, Camar
A.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, ,
:247-265
Although many explanations have been offered about why some nations,
but not others, are able to industrialize and attain rapid and sustained
economic growth, the role of the development of technological capability
appears to be the most compelling. This paper initially presents some historical
and theoretical arguments about the vital role of the adoption of new
technologies in the industrialization and economic success of the rich nations
of the world. It then examines the technological capability appears to be the
most compelling. This paper initially presents some historical and theoretical
arguments about the vital role of the adoption of new technologies in the
industrialization and economic success of the rich nations of the world. It then
examines the empirical relationship between (1) economic success, measured
by per capita GNP of nations, and (2) technological capability, measured by:
(a) size of R&D manpower, and (b) level of expenditure on R&D activities.
Results of the analysis of both worldwide (70 nations, World Bank and
UNESCO) and time series (Japan, South Korea and Taiwan) data support the
contention that indeed economic success is a function of technological
capability. On the basis of consistent historical, theoretical and empirical
evidence, it is proposed that the Philippines, or any country for that matter,
may only attain global competitiveness in the 21st century for the matter, may
only attain global competitiveness in the 21st century by adequately improving
its national technological capability. This can be done by increasing its number
and quality of R&D personnel and spending a bigger proportion of GNP and
R&D activities. (Author\'s abstract)
0561 High grade salt through geothermal steam. Protacio, Alfredo C. Scientia Filipinas, ,
1(1):11-17
Heavy metal. Water spinach. Aquatic macrophyte. Maximum tolerable daily intake. Science
and technology.
0563 A local isolate of non-cellulolytic, xylanolytic, and pectinolytic thermophilic fungus Thermomyces
lanuginosus Cla. Mendoza, Natividad S., Caliwara, Maria Trisette E., Unciano, Noel
M.. Philippine Journal of Science, , 135(2):113-119
0564 A molecular basis for the onset of turbulence. Muriel, Amador C.. Transactions of the
National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :21-29
We analyze existing data on the onset of turbulence for pipe flow in the
light of a molecular theory for the onset of turbulence. In contrast to the use of
derived quantities for characterizing the onset of turbulence, such as the
Reynolds number, we restrict our data and analysis using observable
quantities such as molecular properties and critical velocities. We find a
rationale for the molecular origin of turbulence, in contrast to the exclusive use
of continuum theory. (Author\'s abstract)
0565 Preparation and mechanical properties of the CIP and HIP fabricated alumina ceramics. Dela
Cuesta, Lina, Bernardo, Severino T., Mena, Manolo, Sison, Girlie Naomi, Cho, Seong
Jai, Uematsu, Keizo. Philippine Journal of Science, , 135(2):105-112
0566
Science and technology planning:. Roque, Celso R.. Scientia Filipinas, , 2(1):54-61
0567 The scientist as human and statesman. Davide, Jr., Hilario G.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , 26(2):173-179
Science has become a part of everyday experience. Man, in his complete
reliance on tools sometimes loses sight of what he is building; thus, such tools
have stunted or confused the search for meaning and purpose. The tools of
law in its traditions and stability must be coupled with scientific innovations.
While scientist strive to unity the sciences, so also must the sciences be
unified with the law. However, scientists should never tire in urging the law to
catch up with them. What law and policy ask of scientist is no small feat. Not
only do scientists have to convince government leaders, but their advocacy
must stretch to every sector of society. Out nation\'s dedication to science and
technology and the purpose behind it is an explicit State policy. Section 17,
Article II (Declaration of Principles and State Policies) of the 1987 Constitution
provides that the State shall give priority to education, science and technology,
arts, culture and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social
progress, and promote total human liberation and development." Scientists are
urged to propagate the traditions of science that teaches individuals and,
ultimately, nations, the power to dream, to create, to act, to reason, and if it
fails, to try again. This is not only within the power of science to do, but the
power of science in a democracy. (Author\'s abstract)
0568 Talent and innovativeness to meet the challenge of global standards in scientific
productivity. Saloma, Caesar A.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and
Technology Philippines, , 26(2):277-288
0569 Virtual reality at virtuous reality. De Castro, Leonardo D.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :269-276
Virtous reality. Science and technology. Age of information. Teknolohiya. Virtual reality.
SOCIAL SCIENCES
0570 An antimicrobial alkaloid from Catharanthus roseus. Ragasa, Consolacion Y., Inte, Vic Marie
L., Rideout, John A.. The Manila Journal of Science, , 1(2):19-27
0572 The bandwidth of the cartesian product of a double star and a path. Fajardo-Lim, Yvette. The
Manila Journal of Science, , 4(1):29-37
0573
Beyond Manila:. Castillo, Gelia T. Scientia Filipinas, , 1(1):37-57
Social sciences. Faces of inequality. Quality of life. Rural-urban differentials. General farm
situation.
0574 On complete 14-arcs in semifield planes of order 16. O'Keefe, Christine M., Pascasio, Arlene
A.. The Manila Journal of Science, , 1(2):29-32
0575 Critical aspects of family and reproductive health among middle and lower middle income
mothers in Metro Manila. Cabigon, Josefina V.. Transactions of the National Academy of
Science and Technology Philippines, , :383-384
The Rapid Appraisal for Friendly Care Foundation Inc. (FCFI) provided
information on critical asspects of family and reproductive health in the
surrounding areas of the corporate clinic of FCFI located in Shaw Boulevard,
Mandaluyong City. These information are vital in attaining a more effective
planning and implementation of FCFI health project aimed at providing high
quality, easily accessible and affordable health care services to middle and
lower income families nationwide. One of the methods of data collection used
is a survey of 254 mothers 15-49 years old sampled by following a two-stage
cluster sampling design in barangays contiguous to FCFI main location. In the
survey, the questionnaire was structured in such a way that vital information on
marketing opportunities, clinic operations, affiliation, family planning,
adolescent health and other reproductive health problems and quality of health
care could be obtained. The survey took place in June to July 2000. Results
show that: (1) marketing prospects for FCFI are large, varied and encouraging;
(2) most potential clients indicate ability to pay; (3) most common amount
affordable for private consultations is P100; (4) distance is one though not the
most major consideration for availing services; (5) medical person-to-client
was perceived as the most effective way of advertising clinic services; (6)
doctors and midwives emerged as the best sources of information of family
planning; (7) doctors, parents and TV are the first three ranking important
sources of information for adolescents about sexuality and reproductive health;
(8) while contraceptive prevalence was higher in the study areas than the
whole nation and the whole of Metro Manila, a higher level of unmet need
(24%) especially for limiting the number of children existed; (9) pill, sterilization
and calendar rhythm were the most popular methods currently used and
preferred to used in the future; (10) early marriage and unwanted pregnancy
where the most pressing problems for women as a whol and adolescents in
the study barangays; (11) adequate provisions of services, technical
competence, accessibility, affordability and interpersonal relations are qualities
mothers are looking for in the health facility they usually go for health services.
(Author\'s abstract)
Social sciences.
0576 Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in Philippine Mussel Samples by
electrospray mass spectrometry. Floresca, Ma. Christina Grace Z., Abad, Barbara
Michelle, Amora, Tabitha, Lim, Mary Angelica, Marquez, John Paulo. The Manila Journal of
Science, , 4(1):38-44
0577 The doctor-patient-bantay relationship. Sana, Erlyn A.. Transactions of the National
Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, , :385
This paper investigated how the doctors, patients, and bantays relate to
each other, the norms that they practice and the social implications they reveal
in the process of their interactions.
The patterns of interaction among doctors, bantays and patient include the
stages of helplessness, critical surrender, independence and resignation. Both
patient and bantay are helpless when the former is critical. As the patient gets
well, he/she and the bantay get more actively involved in the treatment until
they are ready to go home and declare independence from physicians. In
cases where the patient expires, resignation ensues. The whole pattern shows
that having someone who continuously shows concern not only contributes to
easy recovery but also to reduced dependence on doctors. The relationship
also mirrors the condition of the poor and the unwell to depend on the rational
authority of physicians and that the relationships make a totally social
structure. (Author\'s abstract)
Social sciences.
0579 Lead uptake and growth responses in Pistia Stratiotes Linn. (Quiapo)
Pistia stratiotes. Lead (Pb). Lead uptake. Growth responses. Heavy metal
accumulation. Lead pollution. Lead toxicity. Lead scavenger. Bioremediation tool.
0580 Notes on fruit consumption of the Philippine Bulbul (Hypsipetes philippinus) and its quality as a
seed disperser. Schabacker, Jens, Curio, Eberhard Silliman Journal, , 43(1):59-82
0581 On orbitals of a class of permutation groups. Ponsones, Rigor B.. The Manila Journal of
Science, , 1(2):33-35
0582
Profile of selected Filipino scientists:. Torres, Elizabeth M.. Research Journal, , :2-9
This study looked into the personality, family background, education and
training, special qualities, and the process of research conceptualization and
production of forty-two outstanding Filipino scientists. Using an
auto-biographical technique, the researcher found out that most were males, of
middle class origin, with at least one parent who was a strong influence in their
lives. They were bright if not superior in intellectual abilities. Among the factors
that influenced their choice of a science career-a parent or member of the
family, scholarships, interest in and or abilities in science and mathematics,
community, the most profound was a teacher or a mentor: Among the common
qualities of Filipino scientists were strong inclinations for order and discipline, a
desire for closure, and habits of personal leadership and management. They
had a strong desire for intellectual adventure, and along with a patriotic spirit, a
strong sense of mission. The processes of association, imagination, and
0583
Solstices in the tropics. Roleda, Robert C.. The Manila Journal of Science, , 1(2):43-48
This paper shows geometrically the diurnal motion of the sun in the tropics,
especially during solstices. It is shown that while daytime is longest during
summer solstice, in the tropics the sun is not found at its highest point on the
same day. Unlike other regions, the noontime tropical sun shifts between north
and south in the course of a year. This paper also presents a method for
calculating the lengths of daytime and nighttime, and for calculating when a
tropical sun would be at the zenith. (Author\'s abstract)
0584 Synodic periods of moons and planets. Roleda, Robert C.. The Manila Journal of Science, ,
1(2):37-42
Periods of moons and planets are often expressed relative to stars. Called
the sidereal periods, these offer the advantage of expressing the quantities in
common units, allowing for easy comparison. There are instances, however,
when one might want to know the periods of moons and planets as seen from
the planets themselves. For example, the Pathfinder mission to Mars require
solar power for its varous activities. Hence observations are taken only during
Martian day time. This paper presents ways of translating sidereal periods to
synodic periods. (Author\'s abstract)
0585 Teacher motivation, student motivation and achievement in high school mathematics and
science education. Liwag, Ma. Emma Concepcion D., Enriquez, Ma. Cristina
H.. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, ,
:384-385
Basic education in the Philippines is currently viewed as a system in crisis.
Mathematics and Science education in particular have received much critical
scrutiny of late in the wake of Filipino students\' dismal performance on both
local norms and international benchmarks such as the Third International Math
and Science Study.
The present study is an attempt to take a closer look into the state of Math
and Science education in the Philippines, and in particular, the motivation of
teachers and students. Four main variables were the focus of this study,
namely, teacher motivation, teacher perception of student motivation, student
motivation, and student achievement. The study sought to establish the
interrelationships among these four variables. In all, 2,666 high school
students across the four year levels and 37 of their teachers were purposively
sampled from 76 Science and Math classes in two public secondary schools in
Metro Manila. The teachers responded to a research-constructed instrument,
the Teacher Motivational Questionnaire (TMQ), which assessed their feelings
and motivation attitudes towards teaching Math or Science, and their
perception of their students\' attitudes towards these subjects. The students
answered the Student Motivational Questionnaire (SMQ) where they reported
their own motivational attitudes towards Math or Science, and their
motivation-related behaviors in these two subjects (e.g., engagement in the
classroom, academic effort, study habits). Math and Science achievement was
measured using Third Grading Period grades.
Results showed that tachers had moderately high levels of motivation, with
no significant differences across subject (Math versus Science) and other
demographic variables (e.g., educational background, years of teaching). In
contrast, teacher perception of student motivation in Math and Science was
not high – in general, teachers do not perceive their students as having very
positive attitudes and academic behaviors was also found to be
non-significant, implying that teacher perceptions are not congruent with actual
behaviors reported by the students. Students had more favorable attitudes
towards Math than Science, claiming to enjoy the subject and seeing it as
important, while they perceive Science as very challenging. But these positive
attitudes did not predict behaviors: student-reported classroom behaviors and
study habits in these two subjects were not efficacious. Lastly, highly
motivated Science teachers were found to have highly motivated Science
students, but this relationship was not found for Math. More importantly, in
both Science and Math, highly motivated teachers did not produce students
with better academic achivement. Overall, the findings suggest that other
teacher and student factors in the public school system influence student
achievement, and that sometimes, motivation is not enough. (Author\'s
abstract)
Social sciences. Science and Math secondary education. Student motivation. Teacher
motivation. Student achievement.
0586 Varanus mabitang, a rare monitor lizard from Panay Island and a new conservation
target. Gaulke, Maren, Curio, Eberhard, Demegillo, Arnold, Paulino, Narciso Silliman
Journal, , 43(1):24-41
Despite its huge size (minimal total length of 175 cm), the Varanus
mabitang became known to science only in 2001. According to present
knowledge, this blackish, arboreal lizard is confined to forested areas of NW
and W Panay. It has a vegetarian diet, consisting of fruits and leaves of
different forest plants. Due to the restricted range and its specialized habits,
the Mabitang is a threatened species. Its protection is directly correlated to the
protection of its habitat. (Author\'s abstract)
0587 Visual fruit preferences of Visayan Tarictic Hornbills, Penelipides panini panini (Bucerotiformes:
Bucerotidae), and musky fruit bats, Ptenochirus jagori (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae), in
cafeteria experiments. Luft, Stefan, Tacud, Benjamin, Urbina, Henry, Geronimo,
Felimon Silliman Journal, , 43(1):42-58