Professional Documents
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International Business Managemen
International Business Managemen
CODE: BM401
YEAR: 4.1
2.1). Analyze the global marketing environment for the telecommunications
industry with respect to telephony (mobile devices) from a macro perspective using
the Nokia case study as a guide and your own research. Apply the STEEPLE model
to undertake the analysis. [10 marks
Economical factors
Interest rates, inflation, and taxes affect the telecommunication industry. Expenses affect
the pricing per plan offered to customers too. Growth is dependent on the market
(customers) and technological advancements. Businesses are using the internet and
mobile phones for marketing. They create social media pages, advertisements on sites,
and digital marketing campaigns to reach customers around the world. For this reasoning,
jobs are opening up and increasing in the telecommunication industry. The happier the
economy is, the higher will be consumer spending on any product or service, (Cassell,
2004). Nokia lacks the vast economic resources available to some of its competitors, such
as Google, Apple and Samsung. In particular, Nokia seems to lack the research and
development capabilities that have enabled these companies to develop new devices and
tap new markets. The reason being that Nokia simply does not have the money to finance
extensive research and developments efforts like its competitors do.
Environmental factors
Smartphones are a large part of the e-waste generated every year. In the light of the level
of e-waste generated by both service and equipment providers, the industry is focusing on
waste management and minimizing its environmental footprint. More and more providers
are investing in reducing their carbon intensity. Climate changes and global warming can
affect how telecommunication products reach customers. A long-range challenge could
be climate change created by global warming, which could disrupt transoceanic shipping
and Nokia’s supply chain. Nokia has faced the problem of safely and economically
disposing of its used products in an environmentally-friendly manner, particularly if the
devices use lithium batteries.
Political Factors
The political environment of a country affects all the individuals and business entities.
Political or regulatory actions (e.g. spectrum regulation) are critical determinants for the
entire mobile industry, (Porter, 2007). Nokia has expanded its business network to all the
major regions of the world, each of them has its own political environment (Lancaster,
2007). Being a multinational corporation, Nokia has to analyze the current political
conditions and governmental behavior of the target country towards foreign companies
(Cadle etal, 2010). Nokia takes the biggest impact from tax laws and political stability in a
country. For example, some countries put heavier taxes on foreign manufacturers than their
local manufacturers, which increase the costs of doing business.
Legal factors
Legislation issues, particularly issues with the government, monopolies, and customers,
often impact the telecommunication industry. But the industry has allowed importing and
exporting of telecom products (international smartphones, for example). Allowing more
development in telecom tech devices. Nokia’s legal environment is extremely
challenging because it operates within the European Union. One possible game changer
could be that popular Google solutions such as Gmail could be taken off of Android,
which could limit its popularity.
Ethical factors
These are moral issues that should be considered in business decision-making such as
health and safety a challenge for Nokia, especially within Nokia Networks, which
operates in some challenging environments. Employees and contractors can face
significant risks, including installing and maintaining equipment at height or in confined
spaces, and constructing base station towers. They are required to run programs to
improve our health and safety performance, and encourage open reporting of incidents
and near misses by contractors and employees, and report all tiers of contractors to ensure
that all incidents are investigated, For example It is also in the case that Nokia’s core
values are customer satisfaction, achievement, continuous learning and diversity at the
workplace.
2.2 Discuss the possible segmentation approaches Nokia can use (need to very
practical, contextualize to Nokia) [6 marks]
Market segmentation is the sub-division of a large heterogeneous market into smaller
homogeneous markets. This helps in more effective strategic planning, because it helps
utilize necessary resources and power in order to reach the ultimate sales. It also helps the
marketer to distinguish what marketing mix will be more appealing for a particular group
of consumers. Nokia is one of the few global corporation that has been successfully
practicing multi-segment targeting. Nokia segment groups are separated by a number of
variables.
Geographic Segmentation.
In terms of geography company can use regional approach to be able to appeal to the
local population and gain their respect and trust, (Johnson el al, 2005). Nokia keeps
opening its flagship stores all over the Asian and Middle Eastern rural regions to be able
to bring their customers all the latest innovations and provide them with quality support
services. Nokia keeps opening its flagship stores all over the Asian and Middle Eastern
rural regions to be able to bring their customers all the latest innovations and provide
them with quality support services.
Demographic Segmentation.
It involves dividing the market on the basis of statistical differences in personal
characteristics, such as age, gender, race, income, life stage, occupation, and education
level. Nokia has many mobile and smartphone devices to appeal to all the age categories
(from kids to seniors), all income categories, people of different religions and
occupations. Nokia has many mobile and smartphone devices to appeal to all the age
categories (from kids to seniors), all income categories, different family cycles (singles
and married couple households), people of different religions and occupations.
Psychographic Segmentation.
It is based on traits, attitudes, personality, interests, or lifestyles of potential customer
groups. Different models of mobile devices appeal to customers with various lifestyles.
For example, Nokia N79 was marketed as a sports phone thanks to a wireless heart
monitor implemented from Polar. The wireless Polar Bluetooth WearLink heart rate belt
helps monitor a heart rate along with a speed and distance while you are enjoying your
jog. Also Nokia has become a symbol of user-friendliness, simplicity and style, combined
with high technology and broad choice of features.
Behavioural segmentation
It divides customers into groups in terms of occasions, benefits, user status, usage rate,
loyalty status, readiness and attitude toward products. Most of the Nokia consumers have
strong loyalty to the company’s products because they are able to find the best quality for
their money. Among benefits Nokia has to offer great power life, various number of
applications for different needs and wants, durable and practical design. Because of the
large number of consumers, Nokia has to keep its target market excited with new
releases. It is clear that Nokia segmented on the bases of readiness as they anticipated
that, the internet would generate a new demand for broadband services, thereby offering
new challenges, as well as business potential, to Nokia. From the usage rate of the
internet would generate a new demand for broadband services.
2.3 Examine the bases for segmentation by Nokia [6marks]
The Market Segmentation means dividing the entire consumer market into the subgroups,
such that the customers in each group share the common set of needs and wants and have
more or less similar or related characteristics. Nokia segments on the base of age,
income, lifestyle, buyer readiness among others.
Nokia can use the following approaches to segment its market to facilitate competitive
advantage. These approaches include cluster, universal selling and differentiation.
Cluster segmentation
Cluster analysis is the use of a mathematical model to discover groups of similar
customers based on finding the smallest variations among customers within each group.
The goal of cluster analysis in marketing is to accurately segment customers in order to
achieve more effective customer marketing via personalization. Nokia can use this
method by finding the group of homogeneous characters. This will help the company to
produce according to the requirements of the segment.
Universal segmentation.
Also called the hybrid is the most innovative of the three. Products can be standardized
and transferred among different countries. This is when a product is produced fitting the
required standards of the country to be supplied. This means that will be profitable for
Nokia since resources will be allocated where high quality and quantity is needed. This
will increase Nokia brand reputation and image. Thus facilitate competitiveness of the
brand than that of its rivals.
Differentiation.
Differentiation approach is defined a business strategy to develop a unique product or
service that customers will find better than or in another way distinctive from products or
services offered by competitors. Nokia can use this approach to produce more unique
brand than those of Samsung. Differentiation will distinguish Nokia Company from the
competition. This will allows Nokia to have the opportunity to charge a premium for the
brand. Keep in mind, however, that the business often encounters higher costs to offer the
unique product or service and thus, needs to be successful in attracting customers to
cover that
3.1). Application of the SELECT model to Nokia. (15)
Competitive advantage is the basis for superior performance and is at the heart of much
of the strategic management in organisations. Competitive advantage is the skills,
expertise, exclusive relationships, core competences, and/or ownership of unique
resources that enable the organization to outperform others within its competitive
environment, (Lee, 2012). The select model framework helps organizations to make the
ultimate choice of matching resource commitment with changing opportunities for
gaining and sustaining competitive advantage.
Nokia's innovation allowed it to engage in the manufacturing of low cost and high quality
products. For example in the case Nokia is seeks to adopt differentiation strategies that
build on its current strengths and include its high-frequency technology expertise in order
for them to be ahead of the field. Also it was able to come up with the GSM phone with
fax, e-mail, short message service, address-book, calendar and internet connections and
created an entirely new category of digital all-in-one communications device. Nokia also
proved its heterogeneous advantages when they identified the opportunity for digital
developments before anyone else, introducing its first digital transmissions systems in
1969.
A discrete advantage is one that functions in stand-alone, discrete fashion for example
superior property locations, (Lee, 2012). Nokia had a vast ownership network of cable
and optic fiber lines that support its long-distance calling service, employed more than 36
000 people from all nationalities, ethnic groups, ages, sexes and backgrounds and views
diversity. All these created competitive advantage for Nokia corporation.
3.2). Discuss the strategies that are deemed appropriate for Nokia to obtain
competitive advantage. The generic competitive strategies should be used to
comment on the suitability of each strategy, if a strategy is deemed to be
inappropriate for Nokia please motivate your answer. (10)
Merging
It is the marriage of two or more companies to achieve greater efficiencies of scale and
productivity, (Lynch, 2003). In a cost leadership strategy, the objective is to become the
lowest-cost producer. This is achieved through large-scale production where companies
can exploit economies of scale. In this case, that Nokia, Finnish Rubber Works and
Finnish Cable Works merged to form the Nokia Corporation and it started to strengthen
its position in the telecommunications and consumer electronic market. This also enables
Nokia to invest in advanced technology that will bring down their costs so that they will
be able to reap profits due to its significant cost advantage over its competitor. By so
doing they will be able to sell their products at the same price as its rivals whilst reaping
higher profit margins because of lower production costs, since higher profit margins lead
to further price reductions, more investments in process innovation and ultimately greater
value for customers. However the cost of using this strategy is that other firms may also
lower their costs as well. Also it can stifle competition which will affect production
capabilities, thus eliminating competitive advantage.
Differentiation Strategy
Differentiation involves making products or services different from and more attractive
than those of competitors so as to attain competitive advantages focused on enormous
market. This can be based on functionality, durability, features and also brand image
(People management, 2008). As illustrated in the case Nokia is seeking differentiation
strategies that build on its current strengths and include its high-frequency technology
expertise. The risks associated with a differentiation strategy include imitation by
competitors and changes in customer tastes. Also if rival firms like Samsung or Apple
pursue the focus strategy they may be able to achieve even greater differentiation in their
market segments which will lead to cost disadvantage to Nokia.
Focus Strategy
It is using the cost leadership or differentiation focus on certain customer group, regional
market and product segment market. Nokia should concentrate on particular niche
markets inorder for them to understand the dynamics of that market and the unique needs
of customers within it and develop uniquely low-cost or well-specified products for the
market. By focusing on consumer requirements, Nokia has become a symbol of user-
friendliness, simplicity and style, combined with high technology and broad choice of
features. It is a customer driven company which sets out to identify, anticipate and satisfy
customer requirements and this will tend to build strong brand loyalty amongst their
customers, thereby making that particular market segment less attractive to competitors
and by so doing Nokia will be able to obtain their competitive advantage. However firms
pursuing a focus strategy have lower volumes and therefore less bargaining power with
their suppliers.
Conclusion:
Based on the above assessment of Nokia’s strategies to obtain competitive advantage, no
single approach can facilitate the company to succeed in achieving competitive advantage
within such a dynamic and complex mobile phone industry. Therefore, the various
strategies should be viewed as complementary. Therefore, if Nokia wants to get
competitive advantage in the mobile phone industry, the three strategies are all necessary.
4.1 Discuss how Nokia can utilize competitor intelligence (CI) for its products to
remain a leading player in the global market. Mention should be made of the four
categories of CI and examples given as to how Nokia can put each aspect to use. (8)
Market intelligence
Market Intelligence is the information relevant to a company’s markets, gathered and
analyzed specifically for the purpose of accurate and confident decision-making in
determining market opportunity, market penetration strategy, and market development
metrics, (Weiss, 2002). In this case Nokia should analysis the market trend to gain the
knowledge about the customer needs. It is largely synonymous with market research, the
systematic gathering, recording, analysis and interpretation of information about a
company’s markets, competitors and customers.
Social intelligence
Technological intelligence