Roman Greece

146 BCE-330 CE

By Ronnakit Taninpaisal
Nat Sarntijaree
Supanut Sriburachai
Marchchima Chaimongkol
Nattamon Achavameteekul
Geography

The ancient civilization of Greece was located in

southeastern Europe along the coast of the
Mediterranean Sea. The land of Greece is full of
mountains. Around 80% of the Greek mainland
is mountainous. This made it difficult to make
long journeys by land. The mountains also
formed natural barriers between the major
city-states.
Timeline
Timeline 146 BCE-330 CE
146 BCE-Battle of Corinth, this marked the beginning of the Roman Greece Era. This war was fought in
many months, which result in Roman completely taken over many parts of Greek.

86 BCE-Sulla conquered Athens and defeated Mithridates amies in Chaeronea. Sulla burned and
executed many people that tried to rebel. As a lesson for the people, he burned Athens down completely.

85 BCE-Treaty of Dardanos. Mithridates was killed by Sulla. Sulla forced many parts of Greek to submit to
Rome. Created this treaty, so there wouldn’t be any rebell.

31 BCE-14 CE- Augustus, the first Roman emperor, restored the republic. He rewrote the laws and
restored monarchy again.

49 CE-Christianity started spreading in Greece.

80 CE-Colosseum was built. Which was copied from Greek theatre called Amphitheatre

115 CE- Rome defeated almost every single empires around them and expanded itself to its greatest size.

306 CE- Constantine was a great military leader. He later conquered so many areas. He gained so much
power.

306 CE- Constantine was the first Christian Roman emperor.

330 CE- Constantine moved the capital city to Constantinople. Eventually, the barbarians destroyed every
cities apart from Constantinople. Constantinople turned into Byzantine Empire.
Rise

- Greek and Roman were at war for a long time

- Decisive victory by the Roman during the Battle of Corinth in 146 BCE.
- Destroyed Corinth entirely to set an example to other cities.
- Rome conquer Greek but Greek have yet to fall.
- Although Greek was defeated its dominance still live on in Egypt.
- The Battle of Actium in 31 BCE is when Egypt was defeated and mark the end of Greek Empire.
- “ Captive Greece conquered her wild emperor”.
- Greek cultural assimilate the Rome.
- Roman adopted Greek ideas to be its own.
Tertrachy
- Rome expanded to a point where it is too big for one man to control.
- So Diocletian established Tertrachy.
- He understands that assassination of the emperors can lead to the fall Rome.
- Divided Roman Empire in half with its own leader, called “Augustus”
- Succession was a problem. Cause Civil war
- Clear line of Succession is needed.
- Augustus will chose a Caesars as their successor
- Caesars will be trained to be an emperor
- Tertrachs, have equal power of the emperors
- If one died it will not affect the government.
- Lower the risk of assassination
- Centralized government
- Empire cannot be destroyed in a single blow.
Fall
- Constantine the Great moved capital city to Byzantium, later name
Constantinople.
- Other quarter got destroyed by the Barbarians
- Leaving only Constantine's quarter left.
- He converted to Christianity and so as well as the people.
- This mark the end of the Roman empire
- The rise of the new empire under Constantine, the Byzantine
Empire.
Slaves
- Roman Greek Empire got slaves from the lands that they conquered from Europe and Africa. Greek,
Iberia, Gual, Britain and more.
- Slaves were the prisoners that got captured in wars, sailors that got captured and more.
- They will work on farms, mines, labours and more.
- Slaves lived in brutal conditions.
- Slavery was not based on race.
- They eat cheap bread and wine. However, those foods are guaranteed.
 Slave Trade
- There were no slave trade between Greek
and Rome.
- That’s because both of their economy and
social structure were heavily based on
slaves.
- Also, Rome got a lot of slaves from
Slave Market “conquering” many parts of Greek already!
- There are provincial slave markets.
- People will sell and buy slaves there
- Greece (at Roman Greece) was one of the
biggest provincial slave market. Slaves
were often shipped and sold there. Island
of Delos was the biggest provincial slave
market with the capacity of 10,000 slaves.
Overtime the trade network expanded so LARGE!!!
Sulla
- A great military leader and dictator. However, he was a very
brutal leader.
- Burned the entire of Athens down to set an example for the
people who were trying to rebell.
- Due to him being very strict and brutal. There were no
rebellion, when he was ruling for a long time.
Constantine
- The first Christian Roman emperor.
- He made christianity the main religion for the Roman
Greece.
- He changed many laws and church laws, so the
people who believed in christian to live peacefully.
- Church law changed- “people that are christian can
believe in what they want”. Which stopped all of the
brutal murders, punishment and many things that will
be done to the christians.
 ROMAN SENATE

- Roman senate were copied from the Athens assembly.

- Athens assembly is an assembly that was held for democracy and debating over things. This
depends on the power that a person has.
- Attended by only male citizens.
- At first - they were really powerful
- Their power decline - When Cesar was ruling, they became advisors (That was why Cesar was
stabbed).
- When Emperors like Constantine came into power they became independent voices.
Roman Senate Athens Assembly

THIS WAS CESAR…..

 - The spread of Christianity came
through Constantinople. Went
through Greek and spreaded across
the world!
- Due to Christianity, the teaching of
Greek disappeared
- They taught people that you can go to
heaven without studying.

SCIENCE<RELIGION (CHRISTIANITY)
Writing
- Ancient Greek writing originated from
the Phoenician writing.
- Romans also used the Greek writing
aswells.
- Don’t have to change their language
or learn a new one.
- We still used Greek letters until today
in math and physic.
Economy
- When Greece was conquered by Rome, its economy was destroyed.
- Economy recovered quickly because the Romans invested resources to rebuild
the Greek cities.
- Corinth was the capital city
- Athens was the hub of philosophy, education, and knowledge.
- Greek main exports are olive oil, wine, pottery, and metalwork.
- Greek main imports are grains and pork.
- Greek was considered the most prosperous and most active city in the
Mediterranean.
Cities
 Corinth
Founded by Julius Caesar in 44 B.C. the former Greek city that had been
destroyed by the Roman consul Lucius Mummius in 146 B.C. The location of
Corinth had been important during the Greek period, situated near the Isthmus,
the land bridge between the Peloponnesos and mainland Greece. In the new
foundation of 44 B.C. the Romans utilized many of the existing Greek buildings in
the design of their own city, although the organization and city plan of the Roman
colony was different
Layout
 Athen
The city was captured by Roman, Sulla, in 86 BCE. the only public building to be
destroyed was the Odeum of Pericles and it was rebuilt a few years later. Under
Roman empire, Athen was very majestic. The large market was built to sell oil and
products. A new odeum, or concert hall, was built in the middle of the square by
Marcus Agrippa. In the emperor Hadrian, the great temple of Olympian Zeus, a
library, a gymnasium, and a pantheon was built.His aqueduct, which brought water
from the mountains to the north, has been reconditioned and still serves the
modern city.
Layout
 Ephesus
In 129 BCE the Roman Empire acquired Ephesus. During this time, the heavy
taxes imposed by the Roman government led to the rebellion of Mithridates and, in
88 BCE. The city suffered severe damage in an earthquake in 17 CE. After that
Ephesus became once more a very important center of trading. It was a leading
political and intellectual center which the Celsus Library and the second school of
philosophy in the Aegean was built.
Layout
 Sparta
The city was underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages,
when many Spartans moved to live in Mystras. Modern Sparta is the capital of the
Greek regional unit of Laconia and a center for the processing of goods such as
citrus and olives.
Layout
HIERARCHY
Sparta
King and council of elders - In Sparta, there were 2 kings ruled the Sparta together with 28 council of
elders who helped kings managed the government. The council of elders were chosen by the citizens.

Aristocrats- citizens who pass the test and learned all about war, techniques, etc.

Perioeci class- crafting/farming, craftsmen artisans farmers. Pay taxes. Can choose to join the military.

Helots- Helots are the slaves. Citizens could become helot by commit a crime or talk against the tradition.
Basically a rebellion.
Athens

Citizen - Only men who were born in Athens and their parents must be Athenians. They have a citizenship
right. They were allowed to vote and were expected to join the military.

Metics - The foreigner. Cannot take part in government or vote. They were expected to join the military.
*women were like Metics. They were not citizen and did not have the rights to own property.
Their fathers would be the one who choose husbands.

Freedmen - Former slaves but also not citizen. They could not take part in the government.

Slaves - One-third of the population. These people didn’t have the right to own property. Their jobs rely on
their education.
Corinth
Citizens - Born in states and had the most power

Metics - Foreigner from the other areas. They did not have the rights to take part in the government.

Slaves - They did not have the right to own property or take part in the government. Their job depends on
their knowledge.

* This social class only applied for men. Women shared the same hierarchy as their husband.
 Art Augustus of Prima
Porta, statue of
the emperor
Frieze
Augustus,
Sculpture

- The differences between genders are conceived and communicated visually.

- Most Greek statues were made of bronze. However, Roman copies testify to
the enduring influence of Greek art and suggest the power of the bronzes
they reproduce, but all except a few ancient bronzes were lost or melted down
to reuse the valuable metal.

Poem

- The genres, or types of poetry, most popular among the Alexandrians were
epic poetry, lyric poetry, elegiac poetry, and epigrams. Their poetry was Greek
in essence rooted in the older arts yet inspired by contemporary feeling and
imagination.
Inventions
1. Vending Machine

-Invented by Hero of Alexandria during the first century BCE.

-Provide water to a worshipper when they inserted a coin through the slot.
2. Aeolipile

- Hero of Alexandria invented aeolipile in 100 BCE

- It is a hollow sphere with bend tubes and water inside the sphere.
- As the water evaporated, the sphere will start to spin
- It has no purpose but simply a toy for curiously.
3. Odometer

- Invented by Hero of Alexandria during 80 BCE

- It was designed to fit in a chariot.
- It is use for calculate or measure distance accurately from one place to
another.
4. Wind Vane

- Created by the Greek astronomer, Andronicus of Cyrrhus

- A bronze weather vane used to find out the direction of the wind
- It sat atop of the tower of the wind in Athens
 Government
During this period is ruled by Rome in provincial governor assigned by the Roman.
For the Roman to be easier to control the greece, they divided greece territory into
parts which are called provinces and each provinces had its own ruler that was
sent from Roman capital
Religion
Hades/Pluto

Hades was the god of the underworld and the name eventually came to also describe the home of the dead
as well.
Poseidon/Neptune
Poseidon was god of the sea, earthquakes, storms, and horses and is considered one of the most
bad-tempered, moody and greedy Olympian gods. He was known to be vengeful when insulted.
Hephaestus/Valcun

Hephaestus was the god of fire, metalworking, stone masonry, forges and the art of sculpture.
Eros/Cupid

Cupid always had a bow and arrow which he used to shoot the power of love wherever he wanted it to go.
Some early artists pictured Cupid as being blindfolded
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