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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Project title: decreasing the rate of youth substance abuse and increasing their wellbeing
Indirect- 3720
2. Introduction
The negative effect of substance abuse is not limited to individual abusers; rather its
adverse negative consequence is borderless and challenging to the social, cultural and,
economic and political arena of a given nation. The abuse of substances is a contributing factor
in many other problems.
The magnitude and pattern of youth substance abuse are becoming critical issues in
contemporary world. According to the united nation office for drug control (UNODC)
estimates,149 to 172 million people (3.3-6.1% of the population)aged 15-64 use illicit drug at
least once in the previous year across the world and half of which are current drug users. The
regional population of Africa in the report is between 25.7 million and 80.8 million among the
same age group (world drug report, 2011).
One widely accept definitions of substance abuse state that drugs are a compound that,
because of their comical structure, change the functioning of biological system (Levinthal, 1999)
the term substance abuse, applies only to instance in which people take drugs purely to change
their social functioning moods, in which the experience impaired behavior or social functioning
as a results of doing so (Wallace and Fisher, 1997). Unfortunately when people consumed drug
on regular base, they often develop dependence; they come to need the drug and cannot function
without it (Okoza, 2009).
Higher education instructions are supposed to be place where the future generations are
equipped with the necessary knowledge, skill and attitude, while ethics being the focal points.
They are the places where individuals get knowledge from both in school and out of school
lesson, either formally or informally. In spite of this fact, for some students, college is a time to
experiment not only with new ideas, but with new thrills, including alcohol and drugs (ONDCB,
2004).while staying in higher education institutions, students are forced to face tremendous
number of challenges. These days, substance abuse takes the lion share in hindering this
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 3
institution commitment to provide an experience that allows students to rise to their potential
(Walter, 2004).
It has been observed that much of substance abuse among youths takes place in school.
Accordingly several studies have supported the alarming rates of substance abuse in student
population ( Eneh& Stanly, 2004). The university experience is unique as it provides students
with first opportunity to be a parts of large group of peers without parental supervision. This
makes them, according to Ench and Stanly, more vulnerable to try novel, previously prohibited
and sometimes illicit experiences which includes substance use (Ench and Stanly, 2004.
Research has shown that, the actual as well as potential danger of chat, cigarette, alcohol
and marijuana is multi faced and not only directly related to students’ academic performance but
also it might have severe consequence on the life of individuals. Its effects might further be
devastating as a results of related nature of drugs.as many researches show that more than half of
chat users smoke cigarettes and take alcohol too. Majority smokers are found to be taking only
chat previously and the vast majority of marijuana users used to take only chat and cigarettes
while they start abuse (Zein, 1988).
Also there number is insufficient, studies conducted higher education in Africa dis closed
that substance abuse among higher education is critically increasing. for instance, a study
conducted in one of Nigerian universities to access the prevalence and pattern of drug use,28%
out of 728 medical under graduates of respondents fell under the categorizes of drug abusers.
Substance most commonly was found to be alcohol, minor tranquilizers, tobacco, and narcotics.
Alcohol and tobacco were drugs consumed on a daily bases while the prevalence of drug use was
highest among the fourth and final year students (Ihezue, 1988).
Even though a growing volume of literature shows that tobacco, alcohol, and other
substance are mostly used by higher education students worldwide, it is cumbersome to find
studies showing the current abuse and rates of prevalence during a recent period of time in
Ethiopia. we failed to find full-fledge researches showing the extent, determinants and the
negative social, consequence in related to substance abuse among youth staying in higher
education institutions however the severity of the potential danger associated to the habit is high.
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 4
5. PROJECT JUSTFICATION
The magnitude and pattern of youth substance abuse are becoming critical issues in
contemporary world. According to the united nation office for drug control (UNODC)
estimates,149 to 172 million people (3.3-6.1% of the population)aged 15-64 use illicit drug at
least once in the previous year across the world and half of which are current drug users. The
regional population of Africa in the report is between 25.7 million and 80.8 million among the
same age group (world drug report, 2011).
The habit of drug abuse in Ethiopia is also becoming critical. The practice is expanding
across the national prevalence rate of 2.6%(WDR,2006).however there is acute shortage of up to
date national figure across the country, UNODC found 18.8% respondents abusing cannabis and
opiates among 1531 treated respondents (WDR2009).
Although problem related to substance use are tantamount and growing fast to worsen the
situation further, it seems it has failed to get as much attention as it demands from the public and
the government in Ethiopia.
The prevalence of substance abuse now becoming more than individual, ethical and
minor health problems rather its evil effect goes beyond the sphere by affecting family, political,
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 5
cultural and national development spheres. Drug has been causes for many marriages end up in
divorce; it is the root cause behind many criminal offences; it is the reason for many people
madness; and so much can be said. Furthermore its negative impact would be more sever when it
is attached with the youth.
In fact the abusers at samunaber are university students and the surrounding local people
with great addiction and proportion of the former.in the institution where significant number of
promising youth temporarily resides substance pose a major threat to health of students on one
hand and the quality of education on the other. It is becoming the major reason for academic
incompetence. The local people who are both employed and unemployed are also abusing the
substance and absent from their work. Not only leave their job but also they disguised
unemployer.in fact these leads to downturn economic growth of the nation.it had also adverse
socio economic and political and related problems for the local people too.
Increased involvement in alcohol and other substance use by youth may precipitate
deterioration in psychological functioning (E.g. school problems, withdrawal and isolation, and
legal problems). For yet other substance use is embedded within matrix of deviant behavior and
attitudes. In relation to the public perception of healthy drug use, much attention should be
provided in light of developmental issues. Parry after studying challenges n US higher education
institution asserts:
Although some people look that illegal substance use as a natural phase of youthful rite f
passage, the hard reality is that substances can destroy lives and undermine a school best effort to
educate.
College officials must understand how drug use on the campuses –even by those who
show no outward signs of harmful consequences –can interfere with student’s mental social and
emotional growth (Parry, 2004). Indeed the basic rational behind our project at samunaber in
Gondar town is that most abusers are students of Gondar University followed by the local
people. Therefore it is very important to protect students from such deviant behavior and to
develop their potential. By default the human resource of the country.
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 6
6. Problem tree
Elevating work
Peer performance
press
Better thinking family
ure
capacity Enhancing
imaginative ability
Increase
Causes confidence
Youthsubstance
Sense
happiness abuse
Cultural religious effect
Consequences
Socioeconomic
Health effect effect
( Efrem m . 2005)
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 7
7. Goal
To decrease the rate of youth substance abuse and to promote the wellbeing of adults.
To determine the level of social attachment among substance taking youth particularly campus
students and local residents
The indirect beneficiaries of the project include children, the management staffs, the
surrounding Gondar town communities, the university community, the general public, and the
government of the nation. Generally speaking significant number of Gondar University students
from all campuses and youths living at samunaber will be served as a result of the project.
Normally there are also large proportion of indirect beneficiaries who would be benefited
from our project.
9. Strategies
1. Developing strong rules and regulations
2. Life skill training
3. Establish anti-substance abuse club
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 8
In the local communities (samunaber) we will also developed strong rules and
regulations that prohibit substance abuse problem. We will give support for both the University
and the local community to control the existence and prevalence of the problem and already
addicted youth (students) through therapy of various types.
This at least, ensures the banning of substance in the University campuses as well as the
samunaber community.
situation as providing opportunity or lack of opportunity for taking substances. The greater the
extent to which one has learned and endorses general or specific attitudes that either positively
approve f or provide justification for the substance use, and the greater the chance are that one
will engage in that behavior. These activities help will the project beneficiaries in order to defend
abusive behavior. By doing the above listed activities in the form of training we boost the self-
esteem and confidence of youth (students) to appropriately defend the negative peer influence
towards substance abuse.
Hence life skill training is fundamental element of human life that aspire students to shift
towards positive and normative behavior which is accepted by the normal functioning of the
society. Therefore these activities in line with the strategy will play a key role in reducing
adolescent drug abuse.
One of its aim is to enable substance dependent students and youths in a better position to
systematically address peer pressure or know themselves and how to control and manage the
issue of drug abuse in a detailed manner. This life skill training helps us which again will help
them to identify gaps in their developmental life cycle and which again helps them to
systematically address similar issues.
At the beginning of the academic year welcome fresh for new students will be provided
in an organized manner with the purpose of reaching freshman students with information of
substance abuse and other related issues like services available in the campus ,promoting
different activities and peer learning sessions, and encourage them in such life skill trainings.
During the project period individual stalk holders, management staffs of the University,
local community leaders, direct and indirect beneficiaries, and other interest groups or volunteers
should work collaboratively to achieve the desired objectives and to identify the gaps in
implementation and project designing or to understand the pity falls of the project.
It can also include other individual stalk holders like instructors, department heads,
faculty deans, student’s association presidents in each campus.
The major stalk-holdersare to decrease the rate of youth substance abuse of Gondar
university students and youth of samunaber community through collaborative effort or teamwork
of the stalk holders.
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 10
In relation to the club we will also expanding leisure time services at each campus like
DSTV, TV, lounge, Karan bola, table tens and sport fields will be built and rebuilt to attract
students in the university and not to go the field of substance abuse. Our group also gives an
award for students who become normal from the abusive behavior .in such a fashion we will
create other students (youth) as a role model.
drug use, developing kids in consistence and constructive discipline, minimizing family conflict,
change favorable parental attitude towards adolescent alcohol and drug use, minimizing parental
alcoholism or drug use are among the major activities that we perform in our project.
Since families or parents are the place or the setting in which our primary socialization
take place; they are very significant in reducing and banning such a behavior. The stronger the
parental social control, the less the youth/kids participating in such abusive behavior will be.
This discussion will be forwarded in the form of panel discussion, conference programs
and through mass media.
The objective is to create awareness about the serious consequences of youth substance
abuse for parents and the general public as well as for governmental agencies through the above
listed activities
The primary purpose of this activity is to gain insight about the root causes of
drug abuse behavior is biological make up, and their psychological characteristics, that
social setting, and their physical or geographical environment.
Likewise human behavior takes place in a diverse array of geographical,
psychological and social contexts. In our project work we will respond effectively to
demands of individuals, families, groups, communities and organizations which are in
abusive setting through community based and community level intervention activities.
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 12
Human beings in general and drug addicted youth in particular are shaped by their
genes and their social environment.
In order to understand the psychological and mental process of addicted students
(youth) we perform therapies that focus on psychological, social and environmental mal
adjustment of abused youth. That is why the social environment of human is much more
complex than other animals because of their culture. In providing therapy we will invite
professionals like social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists and sociologists who are
experts in behavioral science professions and disciplines. Therefore in our project we
have focused on the person and the environment (social &physical) through our therapies
(counseling’s).110 students will have been participated for 2 days and developed good
insight about the substance abuse. 50 samunaber local residents will also participate.
The drug abusive behavior and substance abusers environment by itself influence will
the abuser. By any means to understand those environmental situations we will perform peer to
peer learning, youth group focus discussion and communicate with concerned bodies and stalk
holders and indigenous community leaders. . We will also perform comprehensive assessment to
promote social change and enhance the normal functioning drug abusive students.
6. Two panel discussions are forwarded and 155 students and 80 youth of the
community are engaged
7. Four parent – kid open discussions are conducted and many students in the
campus are involved.
11.2.1. Indicators
Indicators
Behavioral and attitudinal change is seen in drug addicted students and youths of the
local communities
Large segment of students understood the importance of panel discussion
The existence of various services and their appropriate provision for a number of students
and for the local community
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 14
The presence of open communication between parents and kids in shaping adolescent’s
behavior
The existence strong social norms at samunaber communities
The presence of strong rules and regulation of the the university
Reduction of drug dependence behavior of youth (students)
Substitution of drug dependent behavior by socially accepted behavior
In addition in order to measure changes that take place in substance abusive students and
youths certain qualitative measurements are monitoring and administered.
Among this strategies the collaborative and team work activities in the university; as
higher educational institution expected to promote peer to peer education of students (youths) to
achieve behavioral and attitudinal changes about the adverse effects or harmful grievances of
youth substance abuse.
Concerning the project the second sustainability strategy is enhancing and promoting
awareness creation through the community based and community level intervention activities by
the university.
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 15
Polices and strategies by the local community and the university must be modified for the
sustainability of the project.
Effective, efficient, and collaborative networks related stake holder must be recognize
and awarded for their contribution in reducing youth substance abuse.
Strong and multidimensional social networks and clubs should be established that are
interested in intervening in this areas.
Mainstreaming substance abuse policies in the community and the university are also
significant strategies that take paramount consideration for sustainability of the project.
14. RESPONSIBLITIES
The project officer is our group. our group is responsible for the quality of the project.
LOGICAL MODEL
print cost, skill trading for forwarded and with different social skill
training students and practiced by concerned
-
guidance, youths. concerned bodies
behavioral
agenda holding bodies
-many modification
book.
students
-
participated in
substance abuse
the training
reduced
-youth
understood
harmful effects
of drug abuse
-
increased
parental attitude
towards kids and
the adverse
consequence of
substance abuse
Experts, Creating -a - -
stationary awareness number of increased consciousness
materials, through students develop awareness on the created
logistics, education consciousness adverse effects
-
transport cost, about substance of substance
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 18
oping strong entation attendance key ment heads, yearly project group
rules and about rules informants management meeting
-
regulations and staff,
meeting -
regulation community
documented
is given for leaders,
sources
2 days material
-report resources
show
attitudinal
change
conducted leaders
for 2 days
community
reduce
using
drugs
15.Major Activities
Activity Month 1 - month 6 Month 7- month 12
Capacity building
Panel discussion
Group discussion
Rental hall
Work shop
Education
Welcome fresh
Therapy
Award
Indirect association
Supervision
Report
16 Person in environment
perspective
20 Creating awareness
27 Logistics 15,000.00
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 25
17. References
Abebaw F., Atalay A., and Hanlon C., (2009). Alcohol and Drug and Drug Abuse in Ethiopia: past,
present, and future. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol studies, 6(1), 2007.
Abraham H. and yeshigettaw G. (2003).Khat chewing and its socio- demographic correlates
among the staff of Jimma University. Ethiopia. J. Health Dev. 2004; 18(3)
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 27
Efrem M., (2005). Youth Substance Abuse and associated risks on Gondar university students.
Gayla, M, (2001). Marijuana use among college students.College and university blog.
Levinthal, C.F (1999). DRUG behavior and modern society.Boston; Allyn& Bacon.
Okoza, J. (2009). Drug abuse among students of Ambrose All University, Ethiopia, Nigeria,
Wallace, R. k & Fisher, L, E .(1987). Consciousness and behavior, Boston; Allyn& Bacon.
Contents
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 1
2. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 2
3. STATEMENT OF THE PROJECT (PROBLEM STATEMENT) ........................................................................... 2
4. Statistical evidence on substance abuse in the university and samunaber community .......................... 4
5. PROJECT JUSTFICATION ............................................................................................................................ 5
6. Problem tree ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Reducing the rate of youth substance abuse 28
7. Goal ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
7.1. Specific objective ............................................................................................................................... 6
8. Description of Direct and Indirect Beneficiaries ..................................................................................... 7
9. Strategies .................................................................................................................................................. 7
10. Lists of activities ..................................................................................................................................... 7
11. Project period ........................................................................................................................................ 8
11.1. Outputs of the project ..................................................................................................................... 8
11.2. EXPECTED OUTCOMES ................................................................................................................... 8
11.2.1. Indicators ...................................................................................................................................... 8
12. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ........................................................................................................... 9
13. SUSTANABLITY OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................ 9
14. RESPONSIBLITIES .................................................................................................................................. 10
15. Logical model ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….11