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Dna Replication For Science Session Guide
Dna Replication For Science Session Guide
Session 6
DNA REPLICATION
SCIENCE DOMAIN: BIOLOGY
Prepared by:
MARLITA C. VITTO
Head Teacher III
National Capital Region, Division of Manila
Department of Education
Objectives
At the end of the sixth session, the teachers should be able to:
Key Understandings
1. DNA contains a Deoxyiribose sugar while RNA contains a ribose sugar, while
both nucleic acids contains phosphate. DNA has the following nitrogenous
bases, cytosine paired with guanine, thymine paired with adenine while RNA has
the following nitrogenous bases, cytosine paired with guanine, uracil paired with
adenine. In terms of strands DNA has double strands while RNA has single
strand. DNA is found only in nucleus while RNA is found in nucleus, cytoplasm,
and some part of ribosome. There is only one type of DNA while there are 3
types of RNA namely mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. DNA is replicated DNA while
RNA is transcribed from DNA.
2. RNA: is a nucleic acid used is various body functions that uses Uracil instead
of thymine to save energy to manufacture.
3. Messenger (mRNA) molecules are long strands of RNA nucleotides that direct
ribosomes to make proteins. They travel from the nucleus to the ribosome.
4. Transfer (tRNA) molecules transport amino acids to the ribosomes.
5. Ribosomal (rRNA) molecules make up part of the ribosomes of the cell in the
cytoplasm.
6. DNA replicates by making a complementary strand to each original strand.
7. Primer is a short, single strand of DNA or RNA that is complementary to a
targeted DNA sequence.
8. DNA Polymerase replication enzyme, uses a DNA template to assemble a
complementary strand of DNA.
9. DNA helicase is an enzyme that breaks down the hydrogen bond.
Materials Time Allotment
Foam Nucleotide Kit
DNA E-Comp Gadget 3.5 hours only.
Illustrations, Graphic Organizer
Metacards
Worksheets
References
.
(Cecie Starr, Christine A. Evers, Lisa Starr 2014)
(Reading Essentials for Biology n.d.)
(Herma D. Acosta Liza A. Alvarez Dave G. Angeles Ruby D. Arne 2015)
(Biology God's Living Creation 1997)
Procedure
Say: “Good morning everyone! Welcome to a very exciting and interactive way of
discovering the master Plan of Life thru this session. Today, we’ll have a journey
together on the road to interactive learning of DNA Replication.
Let us begin with an activity. As JHS science teachers, we need to be familiar with
the structure of DNA and it’s function, how it contributes to the general make up of
an individual.
Note to the Facilitator to Distribute the materials needed. (manila paper, marker)
Tell the participants that they will be presenting and describing their output
afterwards.
SAY “DNA is the instruction manual for a living thing. Each time one of your cells
divides, your DNA is copied. That way, each new cell has its own copy of the
instruction manual.”
ACTIVITY 1-A: (20 mins)
SAY “It is important to know the structure to understand fully the process. To
refresh us with the structure of DNA let us go to the next activity using the E-Comp
Gadget.”
This time let us proceed to the next nucleic acid which is involved in the process of
manufacturing protein, the RNA.
ACTIVITY 1-B:
Title: Getting to know the RNA Structure Picture Analysis
Procedure:
1. Given the illustration Identify the parts observed.
2. Identify the nitrogenous bases of RNA.
3. Write the answer in the activity sheet.
ANALYSIS 1-B
The Facilitator will ask the following questions:
1. What are the observable parts of an RNA observed?
Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous base: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
3. Base on the gadget and illustration what is the difference between DNA and
RNA?
Note to the Facilitator to distribute the materials needed.
Give the instructions to the participants that they will be looking for the
complimentary base pair of the given nitrogenous base. Worksheet will be
distributed together with Manila paper and marker.
Tell the participants that they will be presenting and describing their output
afterwards.
DNA and RNA are the two nucleic acids involved in the process of protein
synthesis.
Let us identify the difference between the two using a Graphic Organizer.
Facilitator will discuss in detail what is RNA and the three kinds of RNA.
RNA is a nucleic acid used in various body functions that uses Uracil instead of
thymine to save energy to manufacture.
Types of RNA
1. Messenger (mRNA) molecules are long strands of RNA nucleotides that direct
ribosomes to make proteins. They travel from the nucleus to the ribosome.
2. Transfer (tRNA) molecules transport amino acids to the ribosomes.
3. Ribosomal (rRNA) molecules make up part of the ribosomes of the cell in the
cytoplasm.
Facilitator will give pictures to each group and ask the group to:
1. Arrange the sequence of DNA replication base on the given strips.
2. Identify the sequence by DNA replication and encircle the part that is being
described in the strips.
3. Two new molecules, each with a parent strand and each with a new strand are
formed. The DNA replication is known as semi-conservative replication, because
one of the old strands is conserved in each new molecule.
Each new strand formed is a complement of one of the original strands. The result
is the formation of two DNA molecules containing the original DNA strand and the
complementary daughter strands. The two new daughter strands are also
complementary to each other.
Adenine and thymine fit together, and guanine and cytosine fit together
How is information from DNA passed on from one cell to another?
Before a cell can divide by mitosis or meiosis, it must first make a copy of its
chromosomes. The DNA in the chromosomes are then copied in a process called
DNA replication.
DNA replicate to produce a copy of the genetic material that will be transferred to
new cells during mitosis or to new gametes during meiosis
DNA molecule is often compared to a zipper. If you look at a zipper, the sides of
the zipper represent the sugar and phosphate units, while the teeth of the zipper
represent the pairs of nitrogenous bases of the DNA.
When DNA molecule unzips to form two strands, complementary bases attach to
the exposed bases on the strands so that two complete molecules of DNA are
produced.
Closing
“As we keep discovering our world science blends with spirituality and accepts we
must believe in order to see.”
ACTIVITY 2
I. OBJECTIVES
II. MATERIALS
Meta strips, glue, marker, cartolina
III. PROCEDURES:
1. Each group will be given cartolina and meta strips. Write the information about
DNA and RNA from the word pool base on the picture given.
2. Post the meta strips in the cartolina and organize it into backbone foldables .
3. Participants will present their output.
BACKBONE FOLDABLES
DNA vs RNA
Nucleic acid
No. of strands
Sugar
Bases
Location
Process
Enzymes involved
Base pairing
Types
Function/s
Word bank:
G, C, A, U protein synthesis Deoxy
ribonucleic acid
G, C, A, T Ribonucleic acid Double strand
Inheritance of traits & enzyme production Single
strand
deoxyribose sugar ribose sugar both nucleus
and cytoplasm
In eukaryotes found inside the nucleus mRNA, rRNA,
tRNA
Replication Transcription & Translation
Guide Questions:
1. What is the difference between the sugar of DNA and RNA?
2. How many strands do DNA have? RNA?
I. OBJECTIVES
II. MATERIALS
E-Com Gadget, Marker, Manila Paper
III. PROCEDURES:
Guide Questions:
Q1. What have you observed with the light bulbs that correspond to the nitrogen
base?
Q3. How do the bulbs that correspond to the nitrogen bases light?
Q4. As bulb lights it show base pair, what are the base pair of
Cytosine?
Guanine?
Thymine?
Adenine?
Q5. What are the observable parts of a DNA observed in the gadget?
I. OBJECTIVES
II. MATERIALS
Illustrations, Marker, Manila paper
III. PROCEDURES:
1. Given the illustration analyse and identify the parts RNA observed.
2. Identify the nitrogenous bases of RNA.
3. Write the answer in the activity sheet.
Guide Questions:
Q1. What are the observable parts of an RNA?
Q2. Base on the gadget and illustration what is the difference between DNA and
RNA in terms of structure?
Q3. What are the three types of RNA? What is the function of each type?
ACTIVITY 3
Activity Sheet on DNA Replication
Title: Flow of Genetic Information Kit
I. OBJECTIVES
II. MATERIALS
E-Com Gadget, Marker, Manila Paper
III. PROCEDURES:
Q4. How is information from DNA passed on from one cell to another?
.
Q5. In the activity the DNA replicate. Why does DNA replicate?
Q8. When a DNA molecule unzips to form two strands, what is added to each
strand? What is produced?