Cpe Use New
Cpe Use New
Student’s Book
Virginia Evans
CPE USE Ss_Contents_CPE USE Ss_Contents 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 2
Made in EU
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publishers.
ISBN 978-1-4715-1596-5
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all the staff at Express Publishing who have contributed their skills to the production of this book. Thanks are due in
particular to: Mary Palmer (Editor in Chief), Helen Smith (senior editors), Mary Brown (editorial assistant), Philippa Porter (senior Production
Controller), the Express Publishing design team, and Mary Lewis and Steve Mason for their support and patience. We would also like to thank
those institutions and teachers who piloted the manuscript, and those whose comments and feedback influenced positively the production of
the book.
The authors and publishers also wish to thank the following who have kindly given permission to use copyright material: A future for our Past. Historical
Reality, by Mark Brisbane and John Wood, © English Heritage Education Service, on p. 21; Petal Power, by Jacqui Higgins, © Fairlady Magazine, on
p. 82; Research finds no ill effects from use of mobile phones, © Tim Radford, The Guardian, on p. 116; The freelance poisoner, by Bryant Furlow, © New
Scientist, on p. 145; Special thanks to the New Encyclopaedia Britannica and the World Book Encyclopaedia.
Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to
make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
CPE USE Ss_Contents_CPE USE Ss_Contents 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 3
Contents
Unit 1 Tenses ................................................................................ p. 6
Practice Test 1 ...................................................................... p. 20
Unit 2 Modals ................................................................................ p. 22
Practice Test 2 ..................................................................... p. 34
Unit 3 Infinitive & -ing Form ............................................................ p. 36
Practice Test 3 ...................................................................... p. 50
Unit 4 Passive Voice ...................................................................... p. 52
Practice Test 4 ...................................................................... p. 64
Unit 5 Reported Speech ................................................................. p. 66
Practice Test 5 ...................................................................... p. 84
Unit 6 Adjectives – Adverbs ............................................................ p. 86
Practice Test 6 ...................................................................... p. 102
3
CPE USE Ss_Contents_CPE USE Ss_Contents 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 4
Introduction
The CPE Use of English is a practice book intended • Key word transformations – discrete items with
for advanced students of English who wish to sit the a lead-in sentence and a gapped response to
revised CPE examination as well as other complete using a given word.
examinations at the same level of difficulty. It can
also be used by advanced students, who wish to • Fixed phrases – presentation of fixed phrases in
polish up their skills in the difficult grammatical coloured tables with relevant gap filling and four-
area of structures and usage. option multiple choice sentences.
The Teacher’s Book for the Student’s Book contains
the answers overprinted on the relevant pages of • Proverbs – commonly used proverbs with
the Student’s Book. explanations through exercises.
How the book is organised • Word usage – word formation texts containing
Each unit consists of three main sections: eight gaps (to be used with reference to
Grammar, English in Use and a Practice Test. Appendix 4), four-option multiple choice cloze
texts and sentences to be completed using the
Grammar most appropriate choice from groups of words
In this section there is a condensed presentation of often confused. (To be used with reference to
grammar structures followed by graded exercises Appendix 3)
which practise the various phenomena, including
conversational grammar four-option multiple choice • Collocations – exercises designed to familiarise
sentences. There is also a Verbal Construction students with word-combination.
Appendix (Appendix 6) which students can use as a
reference guide for specific structures. Practice Test
This section consists of four Use of English
English in Use exercises. These are:
This section consists of:
A Multiple-choice cloze – a modified text with eight
• Open cloze texts – modified cloze texts containing gaps.
eight gaps.
B Open cloze – a modified cloze text containing
• Phrasal verbs – presentation of phrasal verbs eight gaps.
clearly set out in coloured tables and with
relevant exercises. (To be used with reference to C Word formation – a text containing eight gaps.
Appendix 1) Each gap corresponds to a word. The stems of
the missing words are given beside the text and
• Idioms/Fixed phrases – presentation of must be changed to form the missing word.
idioms/fixed phrases in coloured tables with
relevant exercises. (To be used with reference to D Key word transformations – six separate items,
Appendix 2) each with a lead-in sentence and a gapped
second sentence to be completed in three to
• Prepositions – verbs, nouns and adjectives eight words, one of which is a given ‘key’ word.
followed by prepositions written in alphabetical The ‘key’ word should not be changed.
groups and tested in sentence form. (To be used
with reference to Appendix 5)
4
CPE USE Ss_Contents_CPE USE Ss_Contents 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 5
5
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 6
PRESENT
Stative verbs describe a state and do not have continuous forms. These include verbs related to:
senses see, hear, smell, feel, taste
thinking think, agree, believe, consider, doubt, feel (= think) etc
emotion & feeling forgive, hate, loathe, like, dislike, love, mind, wish etc
other appear/seem, be, belong, have (= possess), keep (= continue), matter, owe, possess/own etc
Notes
• Verbs of the senses can have continuous forms, but then there’s a change in meaning.
I’m seeing my dentist tomorrow. (= a prior arrangement) BUT Do you see those birds? (ability to see)
• The verbs think, consider and expect can have continuous forms when they refer to an activity.
Be quiet, please! I’m thinking. BUT I think you are wrong. (= I believe)
• Have can have continuous forms in certain expressions such as: have a bath, have a nap, have fun, have
a good time etc.
We were having a good time at the party when the fire broke out.
BUT Since you have his phone number, you can call him. ( = possess)
6
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 7
1a Grammar: Tenses
He has been to Berlin. He has been in Buenos Aires for He has gone to Toledo.
(= He has gone and come back.) a year. (= He lives there.) (= He hasn’t come back yet.)
2 Fill in the blanks with have been to, have been 4 Put the verbs in brackets into the Present
in or have gone to in their correct form. Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
0 I have been to Cambodia three times. Stonehenge 0) has been (be) the subject of
1 Mrs Bates ........................................... Cologne. archaeological debate for many years. No one
She won’t be back for at least three weeks. 1) ................................................... (yet/explain)
2 Nick ........................................................ Wales satisfactorily why or how it was built, although teams of
for three years now, studying for his degree. experts 2) .........................................................
3 Why don’t you ask Clare about the tropics? (excavate) the site for years and a team of American
She .................................................... Thailand. scientists 3) .........................................................
4 He ............................................................. visit (recently/start) working in the area with sophisticated
his father. I’m afraid you’ve just missed him. new equipment. Popular theories 4) ...........................
...................... (suggest) that Stonehenge was built as
a temple, but no one 5) ...........................................
3 Put the verbs in brackets into the Present
(manage) to work out how the stones were transported
Simple or Present Continuous.
there. A group of students from Bangor University
Terry Poole 0) is (be) an engineer who 1) .................. 6) ............................................................. (discuss)
(work) for an international aid organisation. Although he the possibility of re-enacting the journey from Wales,
normally 2) .......................................... (work) in where such stones are to be found, overland to
Indonesia, at present he 3) ....................................... Stonehenge, and sponsors 7) ................................
(supervise) a project in Rwanda which ......................... (come) forward with offers of
4) .............................. (involve) the co-ordination of financial assistance. The British Museum
local people, aid workers and engineers like himself. 8) ........................................... (also/announce) a
Although he 5) ....................................................... forthcoming exhibition of artefacts from the
(enjoy) the experience, he 6) ............................. Stonehenge period, which they 9) ................
(doubt) the project will be finished soon. ..................................................... (gather) over the
last five years from all over Northern Europe.
7
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 8
1a Grammar: Tenses
FUTURE FORMS
8
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 9
1a Grammar: Tenses
9
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 10
1a Grammar: Tenses
PAST
10
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 11
1a Grammar: Tenses
1a Grammar: Tenses
10 Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate 5 “Will you ....... with the audio-video equipment by
past tense. 12:30 pm?”
“Possibly, but I’ll let you know beforehand.”
If it 0) hadn’t been (not/be) for Louis, Joan’s trip to
Paris 1) ........................................................... (be) A finish C be finishing
a complete disaster. She 2) ....................................... B finished D have finished
............................. (not/meet) him before, but she 6 “George is in hospital.”
3) ................................ (be) certainly glad that she “Yes, I’ve heard he ....... good progress.”
had by the end of her stay. The first thing that A makes C will make
4) .................................... (happen) was that the B is making D would make
hotel where she 5) .................................... (plan) to
stay 6) ................................................ (not/receive) 7 “I’m getting my work permit next week.”
her booking, so they had no room for her. Then, as she “It’s about time. You ....... here for two months by
7) .................................... (try) to get a taxi to take then.”
her to another hotel, someone on a motorbike A are C will have been
8) ........................................ (snatch) her bag with all B will be D have been
her tickets and credit cards in it. As her French
8 “How do you like your sushi?”
9) ............................. (be) quite rusty, she 10) ..........
............................... (not/know) how to explain what “Well, it’s really different. It’s the first time I .......
11) ............................................... (happen). It was Japanese food.”
then that Louis 12) ................................................ A have eaten C am eating
(approach) her and 13) .................................... B eat D have been eating
(introduce) himself. 9 “Wasn’t sacking Mary rather harsh on his part?”
“Not really; he ....... her several times in the past.”
A had warned C warns
B was warning D will warn
CONVERSATIONAL GRAMMAR 10 “Where’s Jonathan?”
“He ....... to the travel agent’s.”
11 Choose the correct item. A has been C has been going
0 “Tina is still looking for a decent flat.” B has gone D had gone
“How long .......?”
A was she looking C had she looked
B is she looking D has she been looking
COLLOCATIONS
1 “Has Paul come to terms with his examination
results?” 12 Complete the expressions with words from the
“Yes. He ....... the fact that he’ll have to resit.” list below.
A had accepted C accepted
B has accepted D has been accepting • flout • devour • imitate • mow • raze
• concede • squirm • interrupt • heal
2 “Did you really have an awful time at the Jordans?”
“Yes. I ....... I’ll ever visit them again.” 0 to squirm with embarrassment
A don’t think C won’t be thinking 1 to ................................... a wound
B am not thinking D think not 2 to ................................... defeat
3 Gerald just can’t ....... working shifts. 3 to ................................... a meal
A used to C get used to 4 to ................................... a city
B be used D used to be 5 to ................................... the grass
6 to ................................... a speech
4 Alison feels healthier and fitter than she ....... .
7 to ................................... the law
A had C were
8 to ................................... sb's behaviour
B would D used to
12
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 13
1a Grammar: Tenses
STRUCTURAL CONVERSION
1 I’ve never been given such a nice present before. 12 While I was walking down the street, I saw Mary.
It's the nicest present I’ve ever been given. While walking down the street, I saw Mary.
2 He’s never flown before. When I was walking down the street, I saw Mary.
It’s the first time he’s (ever) flown. It was while I was walking down the street that I saw
3 It’s/It’s been a long time since he visited us. Mary.
He hasn’t visited us for a long time. 13 Was there any response to his appeal?
4 When did you leave school? Did anyone respond to his appeal?
How long ago did you leave school? 14 The race takes place tomorrow.
How long is it since you left school? The race will/is going to be held/take place
5 The last time I saw her was a month ago. tomorrow.
I haven’t seen her for a month. The race is scheduled to take place/for tomorrow.
6 He joined the golf club ten months ago. 15 She started doing her homework as soon as her
He has been a member of the golf club for ten brother had left for school.
months. She started doing her homework when her brother
7 It’s a month since she moved to Austria. had left for school.
She moved to Austria a month ago. She didn't start (doing) her homework until her
8 She started English lessons a year ago. brother had left for school.
She has been taking/having English lessons for a year. She waited until her brother had left for school
It's a year since she started taking/having English before she started (doing) her homework/or before
lessons. starting to do ...
9 Having had dinner, I went to bed. Not until her brother had left for school did she
After having dinner, I went to bed. start (doing) her homework.
After I had had dinner, I went to bed. 16 When did you last have a haircut?
10 I think there will be a war soon. When was the last time you had a haircut?
In my opinion, there is going to be a war soon. 17 She wrote the book while she was on holiday.
If you ask me, there’s bound to be a war soon. She wrote the book during her holiday.
In my estimation, war is imminent. 18 I only slept for an hour last night.
11 I don't believe that he’ll agree. I only had an hour's sleep last night.
It’s my belief that he won’t agree. 19 It is certain that he'll pass his exams.
I have a feeling that he won’t agree. There is no doubt that he'll pass his exams.
There’s no reason to believe that he’ll agree. He is bound to pass his exams.
13 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the
word given.
1 It’s been months since I last spoke with Paul. 5 France hasn’t won a gold medal in this sport for
contact ages.
I haven’t ............................................................ time
............................................................ months. It’s ....................................................................
2 He has never felt so angry before. ........................................... medal in this sport.
ever 6 It is certain that he will compensate you for the
It’s .......................................................... angry. damage he has done.
3 She was going to hand in her notice when the boss bound
decided to promote her. He ....................................................................
point ................... to you for the damage he has done.
She .................................................................. 7 Stephen realised something terrible had happened
notice when the boss decided to promote her. as soon as he saw May crying.
4 He has tried to lose weight before. aware
first Stephen ............................................................
It’s .................................................................... .........................................................................
............................................................... a diet. as soon as he saw May crying.
13
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 14
1a Grammar: Tenses
14
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 15
1b English in Use
16 Read the text below and think of the word 5 She doesn’t eat crisps or chocolate; she’s
which best fits each space. ................................. healthy food.
POST IN HISTORY 6 Our dog has been ................................. its food
for days now.
Although it may 0) come as a surprise to many people, 7 Do you know what’s ................................. at the
postal services have existed in various parts of the cinema tonight?
world for thousands of years. There is ample evidence 8 I don’t know what he’s been ................................,
to suggest that 1) ......................... the Assyrians and but he looks very embarrassed.
Babylonians had postal services. In China, a regular
postal service was established in the seventh century
BC, which attained such a high level of efficiency PHRASAL VERBS 2
2) .................................................... the centuries
act on: do whatever is advised/suggested
that, some 2,000 years after its institution, it was
act up (inf): behave awkwardly or badly/not
winning the admiration of European explorers like
work properly
Marco Polo. Efficient postal services were also
answer (sb) respond rudely to sb
established in the Persian and Roman empires,
back (inf):
3) .............................. these services were mainly
confined to members of the state; private citizens had answer for: be responsible for sth/pay
for/vouch for
to make 4) .............................. with slaves and
merchants to deliver their correspondence. In medieval answer to: be under the command of sb/
Europe, official postal services were organised by have the characteristics described
emperors and the papacy. 5) .............................. as in back down: cease to oppose or demand
ancient times, though, private citizens continued to back out (of): withdraw (from)
entrust their correspondence 6) .............................. back up: support/confirm
various travellers. It wasn’t until the fourteenth century bear on (f): be relevant to/affect
AD that merchants – those private citizens with the bear with: be patient
greatest need for a speedy and regular exchange of
correspondence – began to 7) .............................. up
regular courier services. The needs of business led to 18 Fill in the correct preposition(s) or adverb.
the development of the postal service 8) .....................
0 The Minister’s statement does not bear on this
we know it today.
case in any way.
1 The Prime Minister said that he would speak to his
PHRASAL VERBS 1 advisors and then act ................ their advice.
2 You can't change your mind now. It's too late to
17 Look at Appendix 1 and fill in one of the
back ................ the deal.
prepositions or adverbs below.
3 The plant manager answers directly ................ the
• beneath • off • up to • in for • in with head of the company.
• down on • on • down with • into 4 I was prepared to back ................ her story
because I knew it was the truth.
0 Susan gets all the perks because she's in with the
5 The baby has been acting ................ all day. I think
administration.
she must be teething.
1 She feels it is ................................. her to
6 The accused will answer ................ his actions in
socialise with uneducated people.
the highest court in the land.
2 As a vegetarian, Paul is .................................
7 Faced with such formidable opposition to his proposal,
people who eat meat.
he had no choice but to back ................ .
3 He’ll be ................................. it when his parents
8 I was always in trouble for answering ................
discover he took the money.
when I was at school.
4 Half the staff are ................................. the flu
9 If you can bear ................ me a little longer, I'll try
this week.
to explain the reasons behind our actions.
15
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 16
1b English in Use
19 Fill in the blanks with one of the idioms/fixed 20 Fill in the blanks with one of the idioms/fixed
phrases. phrases.
0 I’ve all but finished; just give me a few minutes. 0 Instead of bottling up your feelings, let’s talk about
1 ....................................., it seemed to be quite a it and clear the air.
good suggestion. 1 The fire fighters are always ................................
2 He promised to come to the party on Friday; for forest fires, particularly in the summer.
........................................................................, 2 There’s a feeling of anticipation ..........................
I don’t think we should count on him. at the moment.
3 ..................................... his hard work, he didn’t 3 The villagers are ................................. about the
get a promotion. proposed motorway.
4 I don’t know how they found out, but they’ve known 4 I haven’t been able to travel much lately
about it ....................................... . ................................ my car having broken down.
5 I’ve been reading this newspaper for ten years 5 His future is still ...............................................;
........................................ . he can’t decide whether to become a surgeon or a
6 She told me her name was Joan but ................... psychiatrist.
............................................ she could be lying. 6 You must ................................... his educational
7 I don’t think I’ll go out tonight. I’m .................... . background ............................................... when
8 I never expected you .......................................... deciding what work to give him.
to say such a thing! 7 The meeting tomorrow is very important;
9 You can take the whole lot ............................... . .........................................................................
should you be late.
8 There’s been a hurricane in Manila, and all flights
have been cancelled ........................................ .
9 You can’t go into the studio just yet as the
programme is still ............................................ .
16
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 17
1b English in Use
1b English in Use
1b English in Use
24 Complete the sentences using one of the 6 I’m not sure I can answer that. I’ve only thought
fixed phrases in an appropriate form. about it in the ....... before.
A general C indefinite
1 If you ................................................................
B hypothetical D abstract
until the market improves, you’ll get a better return
on your investment. 7 You’ll never convince me! We’ll just have to ....... to
2 Doctors in World War II ....................................... differ.
in plastic surgery techniques. A agree C admit
3 Ben’s dreams of a university education ............... B consider D consent
................................................................ when 8 The entire staff was thrown off ....... by the
his father died and he was forced to earn a living. announcement of the takeover.
4 The swimming pool is ........................................ A composure C stable
to all pupils unless accompanied by a teacher. B disarray D balance
5 A holiday in the UK ............................................
....................................................... these days. WORD USAGE
6 My TV has been .................................................
all week. I’ll have to call a repairman. 26 Choose the correct item.
7 Households that are more than six months .........
1 A small dog went for my ankles but I adroitly
............................................ with their mortgage
managed to dodge/shirk/slip/duck it.
repayments will face repossession of their homes.
2 We all have to work harder because he’s always
8 You don’t need to worry. This kind of rash will
evading/ducking/shirking/dodging his duties.
usually clear up ............................................... .
3 The Prime Minister managed to shirk/dodge/
9 Costs must be ...................................................
duck/evade any tricky questions.
if the company is to survive the economic downturn.
4 The damp has affected/swayed/influenced/
10 It’s nice to see him ............................................
impressed his health; he’s got rheumatism.
again after his illness.
5 I’m sure that living with a vegetarian has swayed/
influenced/affected/impressed me to eat less
25 Choose the correct item. meat.
1 During winter the shelters are full of people of no 6 Before I pay for the painting, I need proof that it is a(n)
fixed ....... . real/valid/authentic/natural Picasso, not a copy.
A residence C home 7 He may appear to be authentic/natural/genuine/
B abode D domicile real but in fact he’s a compulsive liar.
2 Until your finances are in the ........., it’s not a good 8 If you have stomach problems it is best to avoid
idea to take out a loan. rich/extravagant/affluent/lavish food.
A credit C profit 9 I was rather embarrassed when John gave me such
B funds D black a(n) well-off/extravagant/rich/affluent gift.
10 The country derives the majority of its revenue from
3 The matter has been left in ....... until the legal
one stock/ware/merchandise/commodity – coffee.
ramifications have been explored.
A recess C abeyance
B suspension D waiting COLLOCATIONS
4 It was an extremely hostile article which cast .......
on the conduct of the entire cabinet. 27 Fill in artificial, false.
A criticism C disapproval 0 false teeth 6 ........................ light
B aspersions D abuse 1 .................. passport 7 .................... flowers
5 Could I pick your ....... on the subject before the 2 ...................... alarm 8 ....................... belief
meeting? 3 ...................... beard 9 ..................... pearls
A brains C head 4 ........................ note 10 .............. impression
B mind D intellect 5 ....................... limbs 11 ................. additives
19
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 20
1c Practice Test
28 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
A VOLTE FACE
B everywhere that animal fats were, quite literally, a 1) ........ sin.
It has long been the mantra of health 0) ........
The general public received many a 2) ........ warning from the medical establishment that animal fats directly
contributed to high levels of blood cholesterol, which is a major contributor to arteriosclerosis and heart
disease.
Guidelines were produced 3) ........ such advice as: avoid eating more than a couple of eggs a week, stick
4) ........ low-fat dairy products and 5) ........ fatty meat products to an absolute minimum.
But all of this well-meaning advice has been 6) ........ out of the water by new findings that suggest that there
is, in fact, no connection whatsoever between the cholesterol content of food and how cholesterol is produced
in the blood 7) ........ . Diet is but one of a considerable number of factors, the most important being the
8) ........ effects of other lifestyle choices, such as whether you smoke or drink, and how much exercise you
get.
29 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each
space.
SLEEP
Are you one of those people who toss and turn all night, 0) unable to get to sleep? Although many people who
have sleeping problems, either chronic or occasional, automatically reach for sleeping pills when they sense a
difficult night 1) .......................................... of them, a number turn to natural remedies, which are not only
cheaper but safer 2) .............................. the long run. Most poor sleepers will, at some point, have tried the
well-known trick of consuming a hot drink such as milk before going to bed. But 3) .............................. are
aware of the more unusual folk remedies that can help them 4) .............................. their way to a restful
night’s sleep. One effective remedy involves running very cold water over the forearms and lower legs for
several minutes just before hopping into bed. The shock of the cold 5) .............................. by the warmth of
the bed relaxes the body and leads to drowsiness. Another unusual approach has to do with eating – or,
6) .................................. precisely, chewing. Eating an apple just before bedtime, taking particular care to
chew the peel slowly and thoroughly, can help eyelids droop. The reason? Apple peel contains a natural
substance which induces relaxation. Not only that, the chewing action is relaxing in 7) ............................. .
Other than that, meditation, stretching, reading and even walking around prove helpful for many people. In
short, there are many ways to avoid the pill-popping route. And if all 8) .............................. fails, you can
always try counting sheep!
20
CPE USE Ss_Unit 1_CPE USE Ss_Unit 1 9/19/13 5:35 PM Page 21
1c Practice Test
30 Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line.
INTERPRETING HISTORY
One of the most common problems students face in learning to become 0) thoughtful THINK
readers of historical narrative is ridding themselves of the desire to find the one ‘right’
answer, the one essential fact, the one 1) ................................................. interpretation. AUTHORITY
These problems are, of course, deeply rooted in the way textbooks present history; as a
2) .......................................... of facts marching straight to a settled outcome. To SUCCEED
overcome these problems requires teaching students to look at more than one source; to
use the rich 3) .............................................. of historical documents available that VARY
present alternative accounts, voices, and 4) .............................................. on the past. LOOK
Because history is a dialogue amongst historians not just about what events took place in
the past, but about how and why those events 5) .............................................., what we FOLD
know and believe about the past constantly changes. Because of this, some philosophers
argue that history is too 6) .............................................. to be of much value. But SUBJECT
absolute truth is a rare commodity in this world. It is no less available from history than it
is from other academic fields, like science. 7) .............................................. historians CONSCIENCE
are aware of the pitfalls in their search for historical truth and try to avoid them. Likewise,
students of history who are aware of the subject’s inherent 8) .......................................... LIMIT
are better prepared to study and interpret it.
31 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the
word given.
0 Nobody spoke when the teacher asked who the 4 They chose not to drive because they thought there
culprit was. would be too much snow.
remained fear
Everyone remained silent when the teacher They chose ........................................................
asked who the culprit was. ................................................. too much snow.
1 My boss says I can use his car whenever I want to, so 5 I’m sick of that programme; I’ve watched it too
long as I’m careful. often.
disposal off
My boss ............................................................ I’ve ...................................................................
......................................, so long as I’m careful. ...................................; I’ve watched it too often.
2 The news was a shock to us. 6 I never have enough time these days.
aback short
We .................................................................... I .......................................................................
................................................................ news. ....................................................... these days.
3 James realised that he could never be an architect.
cut
James realised ..................................................
...................................................... an architect.
21