Hulagu Khan - Wikipedia
Hulagu Khan - Wikipedia
romanized: Hu’legu’/Qülegü; Chagatay:
;ﮨﻼﮐﻮPersian: ﻫﻮﻻﮐﻮ ﺧﺎن, Hulâgu xân;
Arabic: َﻫ َﻼ ُون/ ;ﻫﻮﻻﻛﻮ ﺧﺎنChinese: 旭烈兀;
pinyin: Xùlièwù [ɕû.ljê.û]; c. 1218 – 8
February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who
conquered much of Western Asia. Son of
Tolui and the Keraite princess
Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of
Genghis Khan and brother of Ariq Böke,
Möngke Khan, and Kublai Khan.
Khulegu Khan
Ilkhan of the Ilkhanate
Issue Tekuder
Abaqa
Taraqai
Mengu Timur
House Borjigin
Father Tolui
Religion Buddhism[1][2]
Background
Hulagu was born to Tolui, one of Genghis
Khan's sons, and Sorghaghtani Beki, an
influential Keraite princess. Sorghaghtani
successfully navigated Mongol politics,
arranging for all of her sons to become
Mongol leaders. She was a Christian of the
Church of the East (often referred to as
"Nestorianism") and Hulagu was friendly to
Christianity. Hulagu's favorite wife, Doquz
Khatun, was also a Christian, as was his
closest friend and general, Kitbuqa. It is
recorded however that he converted to
Buddhism as he neared death,[3] against
the will of Doquz Khatun.[4] The erection of
a Buddhist temple at Ḵoy testifies his
interest in that religion.[5]
Military campaigns
The siege of Alamût in 1256
Siege of Baghdad
Hulagu's Mongol army set out for Baghdad
in November 1257. Once near the city he
divided his forces to threaten the city on
both the east and west banks of the Tigris.
Hulagu demanded surrender, but the
caliph, Al-Musta'sim, refused. Due to the
treason of Abu Alquma, an advisor to Al-
Muta'sim, an uprising in the Baghdad army
took place and Siege of Baghdad began.
The attacking Mongols broke dikes and
flooded the ground behind the caliph's
army, trapping them. Much of the army
was slaughtered or drowned.
Family
Hulagu had fourteen consorts:
Death
Legacy
Hulagu Khan laid the foundations of the
Ilkhanate and thus paved the way for the
later Safavid dynastic state, and ultimately
the modern country of Iran. Hulagu's
conquests also opened Iran to both
European influence from the west and
Chinese influence from the east. This,
combined with patronage from his
successors, would develop Iran's
distinctive excellence in architecture.
Under Hulagu's dynasty, Iranian historians
began writing in Persian rather than
Arabic.[31]
Notes
1. Grousset, René (1970). The Empire of
the Steppes: A History of Central
Asia . Rutgers University Press.
ISBN 9780813513041.
2. Vaziri, Mostafa (2012). "Buddhism
during the Mongol Period in Iran".
Buddhism in Iran: An Anthropological
Approach to Traces and Influences .
Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 111–131.
ISBN 9781137022943.
3. Hildinger 1997, p. 148.
4. Jackson 2014, p. 176.
5. Hulāgu Khan at Encyclopædia Iranica
6. David Morgan, The Mongols, p. 225
7. Stevens, John. The history of Persia.
Containing, the lives and memorable
actions of its kings from the first
erecting of that monarchy to this time;
an exact Description of all its
Dominions; a curious Account of India,
China, Tartary, Kermon, Arabia,
Nixabur, and the Islands of Ceylon and
Timor; as also of all Cities
occasionally mention'd, as Schiras,
Samarkand, Bokara, &c. Manners and
Customs of those People, Persian
Worshippers of Fire; Plants, Beasts,
Product, and Trade. With many
instructive and pleasant digressions,
being remarkable Stories or Passages,
occasionally occurring, as Strange
Burials; Burning of the Dead; Liquors
of several Countries; Hunting; Fishing;
Practice of Physick; famous
Physicians in the East; Actions of
Tamerlan, &c. To which is added, an
abridgment of the lives of the kings of
Harmuz, or Ormuz. The Persian history
written in Arabick, by Mirkond, a
famous Eastern Author that of Ormuz,
by Torunxa, King of that Island, both of
them translated into Spanish, by
Antony Teixeira, who liv'd several Years
in Persia and India; and now render'd
into English.
8. Women’s Islamic Initiative in
Spirituality and Equality. "Absh
Khatun" . Retrieved 6 May 2011.
9. Amitai-Preiss, Reuven. The Mamluk-
Ilkhanid War
10. Saunders 1971
11. "Six Essays from the Book of
Commentaries on Euclid" . World
Digital Library. Retrieved 21 March
2013.
12. Sicker 2000, p. 111.
13. New Yorker, April 25, 2005, Ian Frazier,
"Invaders - Destroying Baghdad"
14. Josef W. Meri (2005). Josef W. Meri
(ed.). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An
Encyclopedia . Psychology Press.
p. 510. ISBN 0-415-96690-6. Retrieved
2011-11-28. "This called for the
employment of engineers to engage in
mining operations, to build siege
engines and artillery, and to concoct
and use incendiary and explosive
devices. For instance, Hulagu, who led
Mongol forces into the Middle East
during the second wave of the
invasions in 1250, had with him a
thousand squads of engineers,
evidently of north Chinese (or perhaps
Khitan) provenance."
15. Josef W. Meri, Jere L. Bacharach
(2006). Josef W. Meri, Jere L.
Bacharach (ed.). Medieval Islamic
Civilization: L-Z, index . Volume 2 of
Medieval Islamic Civilization: An
Encyclopedia (illustrated ed.). Taylor &
Francis. p. 510. ISBN 0-415-96692-2.
Retrieved 2011-11-28. "This called for
the employment of engineers to
engage in mining operations, to build
siege engines and artillery, and to
concoct and use incendiary and
explosive devices. For instance,
Hulagu, who led Mongol forces into
the Middle East during the second
wave of the invasions in 1250, had
with him a thousand squads of
engineers, evidently of north Chinese
(or perhaps Khitan) provenance."
16. "In May 1260, a Syrian painter gave a
new twist to the iconography of the
Exaltation of the Cross by showing
Constantine and Helena with the
features of Hulagu and his Christian
wife Doquz Khatun" in Cambridge
History of Christianity Vol. 5 Michael
Angold p.387 Cambridge University
Press ISBN 0-521-81113-9
17. Le Monde de la Bible N.184 July–
August 2008, p.43
18. Saudi Aramco World "The Battle of Ain
Jalut"
19. Grousset, p.581
20. "On 1 March Kitbuqa entered
Damascus at the head of a Mongol
army estimated at more than 300,000
strong. With him were the King of
Armenia and the Prince of Antioch.
The citizens of the ancient capital of
the Caliphate saw for the first time for
six centuries three Christian
potentates ride in triumph through
their streets", (Runciman 1987, p. 307)
21. Grousset, p.588
22. Jackson 2014.
23. Atlas des Croisades, p.108
24. Johan Elverskog (6 June 2011).
Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road .
University of Pennsylvania Press.
pp. 186–. ISBN 0-8122-0531-6.
25. Jackson 2014, p. 173.
26. Jackson 2014, p. 178.
27. Jackson 2014, p. 166.
28. Letter from Hulagu to Saint Louis,
quoted in Les Croisades, Thierry
Delcourt, p.151
29. Jackson 2014, p. 315.
30. Morgan, p. 139
31. Francis Robinson, The Mughal
Emperors And The Islamic Dynasties
of India, Iran and Central Asia, pages
19 and 36
Works cited
External links
A long article about Hulagu's conquest
of Baghdad, written by Ian Frazier,
appeared in the April 25, 2005 issue of
The New Yorker.
An Osama bin Laden tape in which
Osama bin Laden compares Vice
President Dick Cheney and Secretary of
State Colin Powell to Hulagu and his
attack on Baghdad. Dated November 12,
2002.
Hulegu the Mongol , by Nicolas Kinloch,
published in History Today, Volume 67
Issue 6 June 2017.
Regnal titles
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