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Real Analysis Class Notes
Real Analysis Class Notes
Important Note: These notes may not contain everything that you are
interested in studying. These notes can make your work easier at first.
But you should study books. Nothing can replace books.
SYLLABI
JAM Mathematics
Real Analysis: Sequence of real numbers, convergence of sequences,
bounded and monotone sequences, convergence criteria for sequences
of real numbers, Cauchy sequences, subsequences, Bolzano-Weierstrass
theorem. Series of real numbers, absolute convergence, tests of
convergence for series of positive terms – comparison test, ratio test, root
test; Leibniz test for convergence of alternating series.
Interior points, limit points, open sets, closed sets, bounded sets,
connected sets, compact sets, completeness of R. Power series (of real
variable), Taylor’s series, radius and interval of convergence, term-wise
differentiation and integration of power series
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Exercise 2.3
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Real Analysis Test
Date: Sept 10, 2016
Topics: Countability of sets, Bounded sets, Sequences
"It does not matter how much knowledge we have, but it
matters whether how much eager are we to gain that."-Parveen Chhikara
1. a, 2. b, 3. d, 4. a, 5. b, 6. c, 7. c, 8. c, 9. b, 10. b,
11.a,c, 12. a, b, d, 13. a, c, 14. b, d, 15. a, b, c,
16. b, c, 17. -03849, 18. 0.5, 19. 2.71, 20. 0
a
(a) you should think that the test is tough, and you can not do any-
r
thing.
a
(b) you lose your confidence.
(c) you think that you are very weak in studies.
k
(d) you do not lose your confidence, and try to give your best in the
i
test.
Single-Correct Questions
h h
C
1. Suppose that (xn ) is a convergent sequence and (yn ) is such that for
any ε > 0, there exists M ∈ N such that | xn − yn |< ε for all n ≥ M.
n
Then (yn ) is
(a) convergent.
e
(b) bounded but not convergent.
e
(c) bounded above but unbounded below.
v
(d) bounded below but unbounded above.
a
2.The set of the roots of all polynomial functions of degree 3, and
r
with rational coefficients is
(a) uncountable.
P
(b) countable infinite.
(c) finite set with cardinality greater than 3.
(d) of cardinality 3.
1
3. If f : A → B and the range of f is uncountable, then the do-
main of the function f
(a) may be countable.
(b) is countable.
(c) may be finite.
(d) is uncountable.
a
(b) f (l) = l2 .
r
(c) f (l) = 1l .
(d) f (l) does NOT exist.
k a
5. The sequence { 2n+1
2n
: n ∈ N} is
i
(a) unbounded above.
(b) bounded.
h
(c) divergent
h
(d) unbounded below.
C
6. If u is an upper bound of a set A of real numbers and u ∈ A,
then u is
n
(a) an infimum of A.
(b) both infimum and supremum of A.
e
(c) a supremum of A.
e
(d) neither infimum nor supremum of A.
v
7. Point out the WRONG statement out of the following.
a
(a) The countable union of countable sets is countable.
(b) If A and B are countable, then A × B is countable.
r
(c) The uncountable union of finite sets is countable.
P
(d) Every infinite set is equivalent to one of its proper subsets.
n
8. Given the sequence h n+1 i and an arbitrary small positive num-
n
ber ε. Then the value of a positive integer m such that | n+1 − 1 |< ε
whenever n ≥ m must satisfy
2
(a) m ≤ 1ε − 1.
(b) m < 1ε − 1.
(c) m > 1ε − 1.
(d) m ≥ 1ε − 1.
−1
9. Let lim ssnn +1 = 0, then limsn equals
(a) 0.
(b) 1.
(c) -1.
(d) 2.
a
(a) If a sequence of positive real numbers is not bounded, then the
r
sequence diverges to infinity.
(b) If a sequence converges, then it is bounded.
a
(c) If a sequence is monontonically increasing, and bounded above, then
k
it may fail to be convergent.
i
(d) Every bounded sequence is convergent.
Multi-Correct Questions
h h
C
11. Which of the following statements is(are) TRUE?
(a) An infinite set contains a countable subset.
n
(b) If A is an infinite set and x ∈ A, then A and A\{x} are not equiv-
alent.
e
(c) The intervals (0, 1) and [0, 1] are equivalent.
e
(d) The set of all ordered pairs of integers is not countable.
v
12. If L ∈ R, M ∈ R and L ≤ M + ε for every ε > 0, then which of
a
the following MAY be true?
(a) L < M.
r
(b) L = M.
P
(c) L > M.
(d) L ≤ M.
3
13. If (sn ) is a sequence of real numbers and if, for every ε > 0,
a
(a) (|sn |) converges to a ⇔ (sn ) converges to a.
(b) (sn ) converges to a ⇔ (|sn |) converges to |a|.
r
(c) (|sn |) converges to a ⇒ (sn ) converges to a.
a
(d) (|sn |) converges to 0 ⇔ (sn ) converges to 0.
i k
1
15. Let s1 > s2 , and let sn+1 = (s
2 n
+ sn−1 ), (n ≥ 2). Then
(a) s1 , s3 , s5 , . . . is nonincreasing.
h
(b) s2 , s4 , s6 , . . . is nondecreasing.
(c) (sn )∞n=1 is a convergent sequence.
h
(d) (sn )∞n=1 is a divergent sequence.
C
16. If {sn } is a Cauchy sequence of real numbers which has a sub-
sequence converging to L, then
n
(a) {sn } may not be convergent.
e
(b) {sn } → L.
(c) {sn } is bounded.
e
(d) {sn } is unbounded.
a v
Numerical-Answer Type Questions
r
17. The infimum of the set {x3 − 6x2 + 11x − 6 : x ≥ 1} upto three
P
decimal points is .................
3
18. limn→∞ 2n +5n
4n3 +n2
=...............
4
5n
20. If sn = n!
, then limn→∞ sn = ......................
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