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Duncan Motion For Judcial Notice by State at The Ninth
Duncan Motion For Judcial Notice by State at The Ninth
No. 19-55376
V.
General of the State of California (Attorney General), hereby moves this Court to
analysis of S.B. 1446 (2015-2016 Reg. Sess.) as amended Mar. 28, 2016.
(Nov. 8, 2016).
Safety Comm’n, Initial Report Submitted to the Governor, Speaker of the House of
Window to Escape Thousand Oaks, California, Bar During Shooting, USA Today,
Nov. 8, 2018.
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Though these materials were not presented to the district court, this Court
may take judicial notice of them for the first time on appeal. See Bryant v.
Carleson, 444 F.2d 353, 357 (9th Cir. 1971); see also Fed. R. Evid. 201(d)
(providing that a court “may take judicial notice at any stage of the proceeding”);
Fed. R. Evid. 201 advisory committee’s note (“In accord with the usual view,
judicial notice may be taken at any stage of the proceedings, whether in the trial
court or on appeal.”).
ARGUMENT
I. LEGAL AUTHORITY FOR TAKING JUDICIAL NOTICE
This Court may take judicial notice of legislative facts, which pertain to the
content and justification for a statute and are usually “not proved through trial
evidence but rather material set forth in the briefs, the ordinary limits on judicial
Governmental Ethics & Election Practices, 205 F.3d 445, 455-56 (1st Cir. 1999)
(citation omitted); see also Sachs v. Republic of Austria, 737 F.3d 584, 596 n.10
(9th Cir. 2013) (holding that court may rely on legislative facts, whether or not
those facts have been developed on the record, if those facts are relevant to the
Fed. R. Evid. 201 advisory committee’s note)), rev’d on other grounds sub nom.
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Court has broad discretion to take judicial notice. Notably, there is no federal rule
of evidence that limits the judicial notice of legislative facts. See Fed. R. Evid. 206
advisory committee’s note (noting that Federal Rule of Evidence 201, which “is
the only evidence rule on the subject of judicial notice,” “deals only with judicial
notice of ‘adjudicative’ facts” and that “[n]o rule deals with judicial notice of
take judicial notice of such facts. See id. Thus, judicial notice of legislative facts
is not limited by “any formal requirements of notice other than those already
Adjudicative facts, by contrast, “are simply the facts of the particular case,”
consisting of the testimony of witnesses”; if, however, the “particular facts are
and judicial notice may be used. Fed. R. Evid. 201 advisory committee’s note.
The Court may take judicial notice of an adjudicative fact, pursuant to Federal
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Rule of Evidence 201, if the fact “can be accurately and readily determined from
prepared by the Senate Rules Committee, Office of Senate Floor Analyses. The
Court may take judicial notice of the legislative history of a statute. See Anderson
v. Holder, 673 F.3d 1089, 1094 n.1 (9th Cir. 2012) (taking notice of excerpts from
584 F. Supp. 1406, 1414 (N.D. Cal. 1984) (“[C]ourts frequently take judicial
Ballot Measures, for the November 8, 2016 general election. The Court may take
judicial notice of election results. See Badillo v. City of Stockton, 956 F.2d 884,
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Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Commission was appointed by the
Governor of Florida, the Speaker of the House, and the Senate President to analyze
information from the February 14, 2018 shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas
mitigate future school shootings. See Ex. 3 at 7-8. The Court may take judicial
notice of government reports, which are a matter of public record. See, e.g., Rusak
v. Holder, 734 F.3d 894, 898 (9th Cir. 2013) (taking judicial notice of government
reports); Kater v. Churchill Downs Inc., 886 F.3d 784, n.3 (9th Cir. 2018)
website, and neither party disputes the authenticity of the website nor the accuracy
of the information”).
November 7, 2018 shooting at the Borderline Bar and Grill in Thousand Oaks,
California. The Court may take judicial notice of news articles “to ‘indicate what
was in the public realm at the time, not whether the contents of those articles were
in fact true.’” Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art at Pasadena, 592 F.3d
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954, 960 (9th Cir. 2010) (quoting Premier Growth Fund v. Alliance Capital Mgmt.,
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Attorney General respectfully requests that the
Court grant this motion to take judicial notice of the attached documents.
XAVIER BECERRA
Attorney General of California
THOMAS S. PATTERSON
Senior Assistant Attorney General
MARK R. BECKINGTON
Supervising Deputy Attorney General
s/ John D. Echeverria
JOHN D. ECHEVERRIA
Deputy Attorney General
Attorneys for Defendant-Appellant Xavier
Becerra
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matter. I have personal knowledge of the facts set forth in this declaration, and if
S.B. 1446 (2015-2016 Reg. Sess.) as amended Mar. 28, 2016, dated May 19, 2016.
http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160
SB1446.
Summary by County for State Ballot Measures (Nov. 8, 2016). The complete
https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2016-general/ssov/ssov-complete.pdf
the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Commission’s Initial
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http://www.fdle.state.fl.us/MSDHS/CommissionReport.pdf
Miracle, Thousand Oaks Mass Shooting Survivor: “I Heard Somebody Yell, ‘He’s
oaks-survivor-i-heard-somebody-yell-hes-reloading/4649166.
Oaks, California, Bar During Shooting, USA Today, Nov. 8, 2018, available at
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2018/11/08/thousand-oaks-bar-
shooting-people-broke-windows-stools-escape/1928031002.
I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States of
s/ John D. Echeverria
John D. Echeverria
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EXHIBIT 1
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EXHIBIT 2
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EXHIBIT 3
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EXHIBIT 4
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EXHIBIT 5
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
Case Name: Duncan, Virginia et al v. Xavier No. 19-55376
Becerra
I hereby certify that on July 15, 2019, I electronically filed the following documents with the
Clerk of the Court by using the CM/ECF system: