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G.R. No.

114151

MAURICIA ALEJANDRINO, Petitioner

-versus-

THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, HON. BENIGNO G. GAVIOLA, RTC-9,


CEBU CITY, and LICERIO P. NIQUE, Respondents

Art. 493. An alienation of a co-owned property shall be limited to the portion which
may be allotted to (the seller) in the division upon the termination of the co-
ownership.

September 17, 1998

FACTS OF THE CASE


Spouses Alejandrino left their six children a 219-square-meter Lot 2798 in
Mambaling, Cebu City. Upon the demise of the Alejandrino spouses, the property should
have been divided among their children with each child having a share of 36.50 square
meters. However, the estate of the Alejandrino spouses was not settled in accordance
with the procedure outlined in the Rules of Court. Petitioner Mauricia (one of the children)
acquired a total of 97.43 square meters after allegedly purchasing some of her siblings’
share. It turned out, however, that a third party named Licerio Nique, the private
respondent, also purchased portions of the siblings’ property, totaling to 121.67 square
meters from Mauricia’s sister, Laurencia.

ISSUE/S
Whether as an heir of the Alejandrino property, Laurencia may validly sell specific
portions thereof to a third party

CONCLUSION
No. In the instant case, Laurencia was within her hereditary rights in selling her pro
indiviso share in Lot No. 2798. However, because the property had not yet been
partitioned in accordance with the Rules of Court, no particular portion of the property
could be identified as yet and delineated as the object of the sale. A co-owner has the
right to alienate his pro-indiviso share in the co-owned property even without the consent
of the other co-owners. Nevertheless, as a mere part owner, he cannot alienate the
shares of the other co-owners. The prohibition is premised on the elementary rule that
“no one can give what he does not have” (Nemo dat quod non habet).

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