HISTORY RESEARCH LIBRARY OF INTRAMUROS

AN ADAPTIVE REUSE OF AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA

CHAPTER I. The Problem and its Background

1.1 Introduction

The Philippines has a rich history beginning from its earliest days as one of the busiest
trading posts in South East Asia and later, in the trans-Pacific galleon trade. A period of
Spanish colonization spanning three centuries then made an indelible impression on the
country. This mercurial era, along with the American occupation, played a vital role in
shaping the Philippines and its people. A vivid past has left its mark all over the archipelago
in many different forms that present-day visitors to the country are now discovering.

The Philippines is rich in heritage can be experienced, not only in textbooks and
museums, but also in beautifully preserved historical sites across the country. A simple
textbook description of a historical event comes to life upon a visit to the place where it
unfolded.

What is worth saving? What can we, or should we, forget? What memories can we
enjoy, regret, or learn from? Who owns "The Past" and who is entitled to speak for past
generations? Active public discussion about material and intangible heritage--of individuals,
groups, communities, and nations--is a valuable facet of public life in our multicultural world.
Heritage is an essential part of the present we live in--and of the future we will build.

Heritage is the full range of our inherited traditions, monuments, objects, and culture.
Most important, it is the range of contemporary activities, meanings, and behaviors that we
draw from them.

Heritage includes, but is much more than preserving, excavating, displaying, or restoring
a collection of old things. It is both tangible and intangible, in the sense that ideas and
memories--of songs, recipes, language, dances, and many other elements of who we are
and how we identify ourselves--are as important as historical buildings and archaeological
sites.

Heritage Architecture is in the modern theory of restoration, the qualities of a cultural

heritage are the historical and the aesthetic values. An historical building is a complex
system of spaces, volumes, materials, surfaces, constructive aspects, actual and past
functions and configurations, degradation, etc. The whole is the result of a continuous
historical process of modification and transformation. An architectural heritage can be
interpreted as an “artifact”, where its elements are witnesses of constructive cultures and of
events occurred during the life of the building.

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1.2 Background of the Study

Adaptive reuse is one of the solutions to preserve our heritage building in the country.
Adaptive reuse is a process that changes a disused or ineffective item into a new item that
can be used for a different purpose. Sometimes, nothing changes but the item’s use.

The adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal impact on the heritage
significance of the building and its setting. Developers should gain an understanding of why
the building has heritage status, and then pursue development that is sympathetic to the
building to give it a new purpose. Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
building’s heritage values.

1.2.1 Existing Heritage Building

Considered as an architectural masterpiece, the Ayuntamiento De Manila also known as

Casas Consistoriales, which located in the center of the ancestral district of Intramuros. It
was colonized for more than 300 years by the Spaniards, “Ayuntamiento” was adopted as
the name of the building. The Spanish word means “City”, as the structure once housed the
first City Hall of Manila.
The Ayuntamiento de Manila went through a number of reconstructions due to natural
and man-made calamities. Construction of the first iteration of the Ayuntamiento de Manila
started in 1599 and was inaugurated in 1607. Its construction was based on the plans
prepared by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first Governor General of the Spanish East
Indies. The first structure was severely damaged, possibly by the earthquakes of 1645 and
1658. The building is made of wood and concrete. The second structure survived until June
3, 1863, when it was reduced to rubble. Also damaged by the devastating 1863 earthquake
were the Manila Cathedral, the Governor’s Palace, and Quiapo Church. The design for the
third structure was based on the plans done by Eduardo Lopez Navarro–who, back in the
day, was in charge of public works in Manila. The construction of the new building was
halted, when, in 1880, another strong earthquake caused severe damage to much of
Manila’s structures. The third structure survived by the Battle of Manila during 1945 with only
the outer walls of the first floor remaining and the lot repurposed as a parking lot. The
restoration revised the building structure into a neo-classical style and that is the present
structure. The design was based on the original one made by Eduardo Lopez Navarro, who
was then in charge of public works undertaken in Manila. The project started on 29 April
1879 after six years of waiting for the approval to construct it.
The Ayuntamiento earned the sobriquet “Marble Palace,” because of its generous use of
this material. Architect Javier Galvan of the Instituto Cervantes once remarked that
Ayuntamiento de Manila is probably the most beautiful building of Manila during the Spanish
Era. The Ayuntamiento is also one of the most historic structures in the country, having
housed all three branches of government–the Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary.
It was used as the meeting place for the Philippine Assembly that convened in 1907, and
the Marble Hall was the Session Hall of the first Philippine Congress. Also, on December 30,
1912, the urn bearing the National Hero Jose Rizal’s remains was placed for a funeral and
lying-in-state in the Marble Hall before being brought to Luneta Park. The Sala de Sesiones

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was the Session Hall of the Cabildo or the City Council of Manila. After over 200 years, the
City Hall transferred to another site. And this was later used as the Office of the Spanish
and American Governors General, the Chief Executive of the Philippine archipelago. When
our Congress became bicameral, the new Senate held its Session at this Hall, while the
Lower House remained at the Marble Hall. When a separate Legislative Building was
constructed near the new City Hall of Manila, both houses transferred to the new site and
this Hall became the Session Hall of the First Supreme Court.
Now housing the Bureau of the Treasury, the Ayuntamiento also served as a home for
the Department of Interior (DILG), the Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on
Higher Education (CHED), Department of Environment (DENR), Department of Agriculture
(DA), Department of Finance (DOF), Department of Justice (DOJ), Department of Health
(DOH), which was initially called as Bureau of Vaccination, Presidential Management Staff,
Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC), Civil Service Commission
(CSC), Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) or the Guardia Civil Veterana, and many
other offices which have already metamorphosed into big government departments, with
their respective line agencies.

1.2.2 The Proposal

Because to its significance as a longstanding civic structure in Manila and in the

Philippines, the Ayuntamiento de Manila served not only as a city council office but also
a venue for a number of historic events and home to a government office. The concept
proposal for adaptive reuse project, the existing heritage structure will turn into History
Research Library, to preserve the historical essence of the building and to give people
chance to know and study the history of our country.
Libraries have always been at the heart of the communities they serve. They are
accessible and safe spaces, providing access to huge resources of information and
knowledge.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

Adaptive reuse has been successfully applied to many types of facilities, including
government buildings and industrial buildings, and the adaptive reuse of historic buildings is
seen as fundamental to sound government policy and sustainable development in countries
such as Luneta Hotel (T.M. Kalaw Ave., Ermita, Manila, circa 1918), Casa Vellejo (Session
Road, Baguio, circa 1909), National Museum (Ermita, Manila, circa 1926), Museo Ilocos
Norte (Laoag, circa 1800s).

Now, the greatest challenge of our society today is the continuous progress. Technology
seems to be overpowered human’s existence. The pace of time is unnoticeable, leaving
behind greatest memories that even though forgotten and ruined, remains strong just to
create our present.

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Architecture plays an important role in securing a better tomorrow for the next generation
by reviving the past and adopt it to the present to connect it to the future.

1.3.1 Major Problem

Some of us, we do not notice and take a look in the heritage buildings as we pass by.
The society nowadays is full of modern buildings, our old historical sites and buildings
ruin by the government to build new buildings, people do not know the importance of the
history and heritage structures.

1.3.2 Minor Problem

 Development
 balance between being a popular cultural site and open to visitors
 Aging Modernism
 most of the world, development means sudden spires of glass and steel
 Tourism
 building has been almost completely overshadowed by development
 War
 building was destroyed by numerous wars in early years, materials are
damaged

1.4 Research Objectives

 To identify and study the design factors needed in the existing structure to maximize
the opportunity of adaptation of use of the building.
 To determine what is needed and appropriate project for the heritage structure will
use.
 To know the value and history of heritage structure and how to protect and preserve
them through adaptive reuse.

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study aims to contribute and to serve the following individual and organization:

For us, researchers – this study will serve as our project requirement in the completion of
our course and will challenge us to design and plan in adaptive reuse way.

For students and Architecture Professors – this can be their guide, especially the
Architecture students, in designing and planning an adaptive reuse of heritage structure.

For the community – This study will serve as their guide and ideas about preserving the
heritage structure in our community for the future by adaptation.

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For the future researchers – This can be useful research instrument as references in
relevant study in Architecture field.

1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This research will focus on the study of the heritage structure will be chosen and will
centralized the Architectural designing and planning solution with the help of studying the
historical background of the building, researching a case studies and reviewing of related
literature as guide references to the study and to expand our knowledge about the project.

However, the data gathered are limited because of limited support received from building
owners and commercial property markets, some of the data was taken from the informative
websites.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Heritage – as property that is or may be inherited; an inheritance, valued things such as

historic buildings that have been passed down from previous generations and relating to
things of historic or cultural value that are worthy of preservation.

History – is the study of the past as it is described in written documents.

Historical Buildings – is an official location where pieces of political, military, cultural, or

social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value.

Archaeological Sites – is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past
activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been, or
may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the
archaeological record.

Heritage Architecture – Studies, repairs and maintenance of heritage architecture are

becoming increasingly important in modern society.

Preservation – maintaining a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration.

Restoration – returning a place to a known earlier state byremoving accretions or by
reassembling existing elements without the introduction of new material.

Adaption – changing a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.

Conservation – all the processes of looking after a place so asto retain its cultural
significance.

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CHAPTER II. Theoretical Framework

2.1 Review of Related Literature

2.1.1 Local Related Literature

2.1.1.1 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10066

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION OF THE

NATIONAL CULTURAL HERITAGE, STRENGTHENING THE NATIONAL
COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND THE ARTS (NCCA) AND ITS AFFILIATED
CULTURAL AGENCIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in

Congress assembled:

Section 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "National Cultural Heritage Act
of 2009".

ARTICLE I
POLICIES AND PRINCIPLES

Section 2. Declaration of Principles and Policies. - Sections 14, 15, 16 and 17, Article
XIV of the 1987 Constitution declare that the State shall foster the preservation,
enrichment and dynamic evolution of a Filipino culture based on the principle of unity in
diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression.

In the pursuit of cultural preservation as a strategy for maintaining Filipino identity, this
Act shall pursue the following objectives:

(a)Protect, preserve, conserve and promote the nation's cultural heritage, its property
and histories, and the ethnicity of local communities;

(b)Establish and strengthen cultural institutions; and

(c)Protect cultural workers and ensure their professional development and well-being.

ARTICLE II
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Section 3. Definition of Terms. - For purposes of this Act, the following terms shall be
defined as follows:

"Adaptive reuse" shall refer to the utilization of buildings, other built-structures and sites
of value for purposes other than that for which they were intended originally, in order to
conserve the site, their engineering integrity and authenticity of design.

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"Archives" shall refer to public and private records in any format which have been
selected for permanent preservation because of their evidential, historical informational
value; otherwise known as archival materials collections or archival holdings; the place
(building/room/storage area) where archival materials are kept and preserved.

"Built heritage" shall refer to architectural and engineering structures such as, but not
limited to, bridges, government buildings, houses of ancestry, traditional dwellings,
quartels, train stations, lighthouses, small ports, educational, technological and industrial
complexes.

"Conservation" shall refer to all the processes and measures of maintaining the cultural
significance of a cultural property including, but not limited to, preservation, restoration,
reconstruction, protection, adaptation or any combination thereof.

"History" shall refer to a written record of past events relating to Philippine history.

"Historical landmarks" shall refer to sites or structures that are associated with events or
achievements significant to Philippine history as declared by the National Historical
Institute.

"Library" shall refer to an institution where the collection of books, manuscripts,

computerized information and other materials are organized to provide physical,
bibliographic and/or intellectual access to the public, with a librarian that is trained to
provide services and programs related to the information needs of its clientele.

"NCCA Portal Cultural Databank" refers to the specific domain in the Commission's
intranet for cultural information that is accessed only internally with control and
confidentiality. It includes the registry of national cultural property.

"Restoration" shall refer to the action taken or the technical intervention to correct
deterioration and alterations.

ARTICLE III
CULTURAL PROPERTY
Section 4. Categories. - The cultural property of the country shall be categorized as follows:
(a)National cultural treasures;
(b)Important cultural property;
(c)World heritage sites;
(d)National historical shrine;
(e)National historical monument; and
(f)National historical landmark.

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Section 5. Cultural Property Considered Important Cultural Property. - For purposes of

protecting a cultural property against exportation, modification or demolition, the following works
shall be considered important cultural property, unless declared otherwise by the pertinent
cultural agency:
Unless declared by the Commission,
(a)Works by a Manlilikha ng Bayan;
(b)Works by a National Artist;
Unless declared by the National Museum,
(c)Archaeological and traditional ethnographic materials;
Unless declared by the National Historical Institute,
(d)Works of national heroes;
(e)Marked structure;
(f)Structures dating at least fifty (50) years old; and
Unless declared by the National Archives,
(g)Archival material/document dating at least fifty (50) years old.

Section 6. World Heritage Sites. - The appropriate cultural agency shall closely collaborate
with the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) National
Commission of the Philippines in ensuring the conservation and management of world heritage
sites, of cultural and mixed sites category, in the Philippines.

Section 8. Procedure for Declaration, or Delisting of National Cultural Treasures or

Important Cultural Property. - The procedure in declaring as well as in delisting a national
cultural property or an important cultural property shall be as follows:
(a)A declaration or a delisting of a cultural property as a national cultural treasure or an
important cultural property shall commence upon the filing of a petition by the owner,
stakeholder or any interested person, with the Commission, which shall refer the matter to the
appropriate cultural agency;
(b)Upon verification of the suitability of the property as a national cultural treasure or an
important cultural property, the cultural agency concerned shall send notice of hearing to the
owner and stakeholders. Stakeholders including, but not limited to, local government units, local
culture and arts council, local tourism councils, nongovernment conservation organizations, and
schools, may be allowed to file their support or opposition to the petition;
(c)The owner and/or other stakeholders shall file their position paper within fifteen (15) days
from receipt of the notice of hearing, furnishing all the parties, including the appropriate cultural

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agency, with such position paper. Extensions may be allowed, but in no case shall it exceed
more than thirty (30) days;
(d)The petitioner/stakeholder shall give their answer within fifteen (15) days upon receipt of any
position paper. Thereafter, no further submissions shall be allowed; and
(e)The appropriate cultural agency shall have a maximum of ninety (90) days from the deadline
of the submission of all the answers within which to submit its resolution and render its decision
on the application.

Section 11. Dealings of Cultural Property. - No cultural property shall be sold, resold or taken
out of the country without first securing a clearance from the cultural agency concerned. In case
the property shall be taken out of the country, it shall solely be for the purpose of scientific
scrutiny or exhibit.

ARTICLE IV
HERITAGE ZONES

Section 12. Designation of Heritage Zones. - The National Historical Institute and the
National Museum, in consultation with the Commission and the Housing and Land Use
Regulatory Board or other concerned agencies, shall designate heritage zones to protect the
historical and cultural integrity of a geographical area.

Section 13. Maintenance of Heritage Zones. - A heritage zone shall be maintained by the
local government unit concerned, in accordance with the following guidelines:

(a)Implementation of adaptive reuse of cultural property;

(b)Appearance of streets, parks, monuments, buildings, and natural bodies of water,
canals, paths and barangays within a locality shall be maintained as close to their
appearance at the time the area was of most importance to Philippine history as
determined by the National Historical Institute; and
(c)Local government units shall document and sustain all sociocultural practices such
as, but not limited to, traditional celebrations, historical battles, recreation of customs,
and the reenactment of battles and other local customs that are unique to a locality.

ARTICLE V
REGISTRATION AND CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
.
Section 21. Indigenous Properties. - The appropriate cultural agency, in consultation with the
National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, shall establish a program and promulgate
regulations to assist indigenous people in preserving their particular cultural and historical
properties.

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Section 22. Renaming of Historical Streets, Buildings Designated as Cultural Treasure or

Important Cultural Property. - The names of historical streets, parks, buildings, shrines,
landmarks, monuments and sites designated as national cultural treasures or important cultural
property shall not be allowed to be renamed by a local or national legislation, unless approved
by the National Historical Institute, and only after due hearing on the matter.

ARTICLE VIII
ROLE OF CULTURAL AGENCIES
Section 31. Responsibilities of Cultural Agencies for Designation of Cultural Property. -
The cultural agencies, in conformity with their respective charters and mandates, shall define
and delineate their respective areas of responsibility with respect to cultural properly and
assessment of national cultural treasures and national historical landmarks, sites or
monuments. These areas shall be subject to periodic re-assessment whenever necessary.

ARTICLE IX
CULTURAL PROPERTY INCENTIVES PROGRAM
Section 36. National Heritage Resource Assistance Program. - The Commission may
provide financial assistance in the form of a grant to historic, archaeological, architectural,
artistic organizations for conservation or research on cultural property. No grant made pursuant
to this Act shall be treated as taxable income.

2.1.1.2 STANDARDS FOR PHILIPPINE LIBRARIES

Standards I. Mission, Goals and Objectives

A. Clearly defined goals and objectives for the school library media
center shall be established in terms of the philosophy, goals and
objectives of the school.

B. A set of policies, procedures, rules, and regulations shall be

formulated to ensure consistency in the operation of services.

C. A written Manual of Operation as well as Student/Faculty Guides shall

be maintained and continuously updated to serve as guide to the staff
in the implementation of tasks and to the users in the utilization of
services.

Standard II. Administration

A. A unified program integrating library and audiovisual programs under
the leadership of a qualified and competent professional is recommended.

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B. Where there are two or more professional librarians, one is appointed as the head to
oversee the smooth implementation of services as well as the supervision of personnel.

D. The school library media center shall be regularly evaluated in terms of

its services, personnel and resources, not only by the students but also by the faculty.

Standard III. Human Resources

A. The school library media center shall be appropriately staffed by full

time licensed librarians and trained clerical support, the number of
which is proportionate to student population.
1. Size
For an enrollment of 500 or less – 1 full time librarian + 1 support staff
For an enrollment of 1,000 - 1 full time head librarian/media
specialist, 1 full time librarian/media
specialist + 2 support staff
For an enrollment of 2,000 -- 1 full time head librarian/media
specialist, 2 full time librarian/media
specialist, + 4 support staff
Note: There shall be an additional librarian and two additional support staff for
every additional one thousand enrollments.

B. The professional/licensed librarian shall be given a faculty status, enjoying the same
benefits as those of the teaching faculty.

C. Participation in seminar-workshops, conferences and other continuing professional

education activities shall be encouraged and subsidized.

Standard IV. Collection Management

A. Collection Development
1. The school library media center shall acquire print, non-print and electronic materials
as well as equipment that will support and reinforce the curriculum and meet the needs,
abilities and interests of the users.

2. These materials shall be current and in good condition and must reflect an appropriate
balance among all types of resources (see Recommended Annual Growth Rate in the
Appendix A).

3. The school library media center shall maintain a local history collection composed of
materials about the school community, its history, programs, people, etc.

4. The librarian/media specialist, in coordination with the faculty, shall be responsible for
the selection and acquisition of all materials based on a written Collection Development
Plan.

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5. The recommended size of the various collections for an enrollment of less than 1000
students are as follows:

5.1 A basic collection of 3,000 book titles for the elementary level and 5,000 titles for the
secondary level is necessary to support the curricular offerings of the school;

5.2 Twenty percent (20%) of the total collection shall be published within the last ten (10)
years;

5.3 A basic subscription to 15 titles of general interest magazines and 10 titles of

professional journals;

5.4 A basic subscription to 3 titles of newspapers on national coverage and 1 title with
local news coverage;

5.5 An updated collection of pamphlets, clippings, government documents, vocational

information and other materials appropriate to the curriculum and interest of students
shall be provided;

5.6 A starting collection of non-print materials on various formats as follows:

- 1 map for each geographic region and 1 special map (i.e. economic, weather, political,
historical, etc.) for each type being studied. The number of duplicates will be determined
by the number of sections that will be using the map at the same time.
- 2 globes
- 100 titles of video recordings on different subject areas
- 200 titles of sound recordings on different types of music
- 15 titles of slide sets
- 25 titles of transparency set
- 50 titles of electronic resources (e.g. CD-ROMs, audio
books, etc.)
- an acquisition of 1000 pieces representing pictures, charts, study prints,
photographs and other types of graphic materials

5.7 A variety of audiovisual equipment available in amounts adequate to serve the

instructional program of the school.

B. Selection and Organization

1. Book selection shall be a shared responsibility among the librarians, teachers and
administrators;

2. Basic policies for the selection of printed and non-printed materials shall be formally
and clearly formulated;

3. All print and non-print materials and equipment shall be properly organized, stored,
and displayed following standard rules and procedures for easy retrieval and
dissemination;

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4. An inventory and weeding of the collection shall be conducted

regularly.

C. Preservation and Security

The school library media center shall have a program for the care and preservation of
all its collection. It should also have an adequate safeguard against loss, mutilation, and
theft.

Standard V. Services and Utilization

A. The school library media center shall be open before, during and after classes to
meet the needs of the clientele and maximize the use of library resources, facilities and
services.

B. Announcements of acquisition and other promotional activities shall be 9 made

periodically.

C Coordination with the faculty shall be done to promote effective use of the school
library media center.

D. Instruction on the effective use of the library media center and on various information
sources shall be given to the students as well as to the faculty.

E. The school library media center shall be available for use by individual students and
by class groups throughout the school day. Flexible scheduling enables the teacher to
bring his class to the library at the times best suited for the purpose of class supervised
research.

Standard VI. Physical Facilities

A. The school library media center shall be housed in a barrier-free and flexible facility,
and that can accommodate a seating capacity of 10 % of the total student population.

B. The library shall provide a storage space for the print collection, a reading area, a
workroom and a store room, an office for the head librarian/media center coordinator, as
well as a space for formal library instruction.

C. In schools where the library is also a media center, space shall be provided for
listening and viewing, as well as for the storage, distribution and repair of audiovisual
materials and equipment.

D. The school library media center shall be appropriately equipped with attractive and, at
the same time, functional furniture to make it invite to young users.

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2.1.2 Foreign Related Literature

2.1.2.1 THE BURRA CHARTER

The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance, 2013

The Charter sets a standard of practice for those who provide advice, make decisions
about, or undertake works to places of cultural significance, including owners, managers and
custodians. Places of cultural significance enrich people’s lives, often providing a deep and
inspirational sense of connection to community and landscape, to the past and to lived
experiences.
The Burra Charter advocates a cautious approach to change: do as much as necessary
to care for the place and to make it useable, but otherwise change it as little as possible so that
its cultural significance is retained.
Article 6. Concerns the Burra Charter process
Article 6.3 of the Burra Charter notes:
Policy development should also include consideration of other factors affecting the future of a
place such as the owner’s needs, resources, external constraints and its physical condition.

Article 7. Concerns use

Article 7.1. Where the use of a place is of cultural significance it should be retained.
Article 7.2. A place should have a compatible use.
The policy should identify a use or combination of uses or constraints on uses that retain the
cultural significance of the place. New use of a place should involve minimal change, to
significant fabric and use; should respect associations and meanings; and where appropriate
should provide for continuation of practices which contribute to the cultural significance of the
place.

Article 15. Burra Charter is concerned with change

15.1 Change may be necessary to retain cultural significance but is undesirable where it
reduces cultural significance. The amount of change to a place should be guided by the cultural
significance of the place and its appropriate interpretation.
When change is being considered, a range of options should be explored to seek the option
which minimizes the reduction of cultural significance.
15.2 Changes which reduce cultural significance should be reversible and be reversed when
circumstances permit.
Reversible changes should be considered temporary. Non-reversible change should only be
used as a last resort and should not prevent future conservation action.

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15.3 Demolition of significant fabric of a place is generally not acceptable. However, in some
cases minor demolition may be appropriate as part of conservation. Removed significant fabric
should be reinstated when circumstances permit.
15.4 The contributions of all aspects of cultural significance of a place should be respected. If a
place includes fabric, uses, associations or meanings of different periods, or different aspects of
cultural significance, emphasizing or interpreting one period or aspect at the expense of another
can only be justified when what is left out, removed or diminished is of slight cultural significance
and that which is emphasized or interpreted is of much greater cultural significance.

Article 21. Concerned with adaptation

21.1 Adaptation is acceptable only where the adaptation has minimal impact on the cultural
significance of the place.
21.2 Adaptation should involve minimal change to significant fabric, achieved only after
considering alternatives.
Adaptation may involve the introduction of new services, or a new use, or changes to safeguard
the place.

Article 22. Concerns new work

22.1 New work such as additions to the place may be acceptable where it does not distort or
obscure the cultural significance of the place or detract from its interpretation and appreciation.
22.2 New work should be readily identifiable as such.
New work may be sympathetic if its siting, bulk, form, scale, character, colour, texture and
material are similar to the existing fabric, but imitation should be avoided.
Article 23 concerns conserving use
Continuing, modifying or reinstating a significant use may be appropriate and preferred forms of
conservation.
These may require changes to significant fabric but they should be minimised. In some cases,
continuing a significant use or practice may involve substantial new work.

Article 24. Concerns retaining associations and meanings

24.1 Significant associations between people and a place should be respected, retained and not
obscured. Opportunities for the interpretation, commemoration and celebration of these
associations should be investigated and implemented.
24.2 Significant meanings, including spiritual values, of a place should be respected.
Opportunities for the continuation or revival of these meanings should be investigated and
implemented.

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For many places associations will be linked to use.

Article 26. Concerns applying the Burra Charter process

26.1 Work on a place should be preceded by studies to understand the place which should
include analysis of physical, documentary, oral and other evidence, drawing on appropriate
knowledge, skills and disciplines.
26.2 Written statements of cultural significance and policy for the place should be prepared,
justified and accompanied by supporting evidence. The statements of significance and policy
should be incorporated into a management plan for the place.
26.3 Groups and individuals with associations with a place as well as those involved in its
management should be provided with opportunities to contribute to and participate in
understanding the cultural significance of the place. Where appropriate they should also have
opportunities to participate in its conservation and management
The results of studies should be up to date, regularly reviewed and revised as necessary.
Statements of significance and policy should be kept up to date by regular review and revision
as necessary. The management plan may deal with other matters related to the management of
the place.

2.1.2.2 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BUILDING SCIENCES

BUILDING ATTRIBUTES

A. TYPES OF SPACES

There are seven broad types of public library space:

 Collection space (including public electronic workstation space)
 User seating space
 Staff work space
 Meeting space
 Special use space
 Non-assignable space (including mechanical space)

Careful analysis of the following will allow designers to determine the space needs for
the seven general spaces listed above, which are common to public libraries:
 Identification of the library's population of users
 Estimation of the collections provided by the library and the space needed to
accommodate those provisions to meet the future needs of its users
 Estimation of floor space needed to accommodate seating areas
 Estimation of floor space needed by staff
 Estimation of floor space needed for meeting rooms
 Estimation of miscellaneous public- and staff-use space (special use space)

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 Estimation of space needed for entry halls, mechanical rooms, bathrooms, etc.
(non-assignable space).

B. DETERMINING THE BUILDING'S ATTRIBUTES

The following steps can be used to determine the library's general building attributes.
The steps below do not assess exterior space needs such as parking and site amenities,
which vary widely depending on site selection as determined in the library program.

STEP 1: DETERMINE THE SERVICE POPULATION

A projection of the needs of the design (service) population for 20 years is the
start of the library design process. This design projection will allow the library to serve
the future needs of its population of users and allows the designer to determine the
space needed for the preceding categories of library spaces.

STEP 2: DETERMINE NEEDS FOR COLLECTION SPACE

 Calculate Space Needs for Books—As a general rule of thumb, to estimate the
square footage of book storage space (with aisles at least 36 inches wide) divide
the total projected number of volumes by 10. The square footage needed for
compact book storage is equal to the total projected collection divided by 25. For
example, if the total projected collection over 20 years is 50,000 volumes, 50,000
divided by 10 equals 5,000 square feet needed to house the projected collection.

 Calculate Space Needs for Non-print Items—To determine the square footage
necessary to store non-print material, divide the total number of non-print items
projected over 20 years by 10. For example, if the projected non-print items over
20 years equals 20,000, then 20,000 divided by 10 equals 2,000 square feet of
space needed for non-print items over a 20–year period.

STEP 3: DETERMINE SPACE NEEDS FOR ELECTRONIC WORKSTATION SPACE

 Calculate Space Needs for Public Access Computer Stations (PACs)—PACs
consist of a computer terminal (monitor and hard drive), keyboard, and access to a

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printer. A PAC station used from a seated position requires at least 40 square feet. A
PAC station used from a standing position requires at least 20 square feet. PACs can by
placed anywhere in the library. For example, a PAC that can be used by a standing
person can be placed near the entry area and can function only to direct users to
particular spaces in the library depending on the users' inputted needs.

STEP 4: DETERMINE SPACE NEED FOR USER SEATING

In general, public libraries should provide at least 5 seats for every 1,000 users in its service
population. As a guide, public libraries that serve no more than 10,000 users should
accommodate 7 to 10- seats for every 1,000 users. These guides do not include the seats
needed in meeting rooms or staff areas. The number of seats can be adjusted depending on the
library. For example, if the library is one that encourages long-term use, i.e., extensive
collections of research materials, then the number of seats should be inflated. If the library
encourages browsing, i.e., latest magazines or best sellers, the number of seats needed may be
less.
 Calculate Square Footage Needs for User Seating—The square footage needed for
user seating varies depending on the type of seating, i.e., lounge chair, table seating,
etc. As a general rule of thumb, for table seating use 25 square feet per seat; for study
carrel seating use 30 square feet per seat; and for seating in lounge chairs use 35
square feet per seat. As a general average, designers can use 30 square feet per seat.

STEP 5: DETERMINE SPACE NEEDS FOR STAFF WORK AREAS

 Calculate Space Needs for Staff Work Areas—On average, the space needed for staff
work areas is approximately 150 square feet per work area. Some work areas may be
larger than others. For example, check-out areas may require more square footage than
help-desk areas. As a general rule of thumb, the square footage allotment for staff work
areas equals the number of projected staff areas multiplied by 150.

STEP 6: DETERMINE THE SPACE NEEDS FOR MEETING ROOMS

 Calculate the Space Needs for Meeting Rooms—There are two types of seating
arrangements common in public library meeting rooms: theater seating and conference
room seating. For theater, or lecture hall, seating arrangements, the projected square
footage needed in the meeting room equals the number of seats multiplied by 10. For
conference room seating, the projected square footage needed equals the number of
seats multiplied by 25. The square footage needed in meeting rooms targeted for
children's activities will require 10 square feet per seat. Meeting room space does not
include other square footage necessary for other peripheral spaces including a kitchen
area in or nearby the meeting room and storage areas for audiovisual equipment, chairs,
tables, etc.

STEP 7: DETERMINE SPACE NEEDS FOR SPECIAL-USE AREAS

The need for special-use spaces (such as a history or genealogy room, a job center, or a
community information area) will vary depending on the function of the library as determined in
its written program.

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 Calculate Space Needs for Special-Use Areas—Some special-use spaces and their
required square footage are included in the table below.

STEP 8: DETERMINE SPACE NEEDS FOR NON-ASSIGNABLE AREAS (SUCH AS

MECHANICAL ROOMS)
Non-assignable spaces are important for the general operation of the library facility, but they
are not a direct part of the services offered by the library. These spaces include mechanical
rooms, bathrooms, entrance halls, corridors, stairs, security rooms, and elevators. These non-
assignable spaces make up 20% to 30% of gross floor area of the library.

 Calculate Space Needs for Non-Assignable Areas—The square footage needed for
non-assignable space equals the total square footage of steps 2 through 7, divided by 4.

2.2 Case Study

2.2.1 Local Case Study

2.2.1.1 AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA, INTRAMUROS, PHILIPPINE

Old Ayuntamineto de Manila destroyed by earthquake in the mid 1800's

This is an example of an urban palace in the European style. It follows the Bramante
model used for constructing the house of Raphael in Borgo Vaticano in its upper storey, while its
ground floor and patio follow the model laid down for the Farnese Palace, which was the finest
example of palaces in 16th century Rome.
In 2013, the new Ayuntamiento de Manila, was reborn as the office of the Bureau of
Treasury. The work is by no means perfect, but it cannot be denied that it is a laudable effort
that deserves recognition and emulation, considering the state of awareness regarding our
heritage. It now stands as one of the few notable examples of heritage reconstruction in the
country, which hopefully will be an inspiration for more to do such types of projects here as a
way for present and future generations to appreciate our past a new.

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The building is described as “made of cut stones, monumental, and pleasing. The first
floor housed the courts and jail; the second the administrative offices, a chapel, and archives”.
The second Ayuntamiento had a central clock tower above its façade and two symmetrical
wings. Bulbous wrought iron balconies decorated the second storey and a covered arcade
characterized the first floor. Navarro’s plans were revised to make them more structurally sound
and in 4 April 1881 work continued. Another stoppage occurred on 21 March 1885. Juan Hervas
was commissioned to redesign the vestibule. Navarro planned the third Ayuntamiento in the
Neo-classical idiom, opting for severity and well-proportioned members. The quadrilateral
structure was built around an atrium. Hervas’s renovated vestibule had a harlequin floor of black
and white marble, an elegant staircase decorated with a wrought iron balustrade.
This includes the five-door façade in the second level similar to Palazzo Caprini (Palazzo
di Raffaello) in Borgo (rione di Roma) designed by Donato Bramante. Its canopied ground floor
windows also drew inspiration from the Palazzo Farnese in Rome.

Recreation of the Sala de Sessiones or the

session hall where the city council of Manila

The staircase lead to the upper floor where mayor’s office was located. There was a
waiting room for men and another for women who had business to transact with city hall. The
rooms were furnished in the overstuffed Victorian manner with paintings by Spanish and
Filipinos, bentwood Vienna chairs, and bric a brac. The city chapter’s session hall had a ceiling
painted with allegorical figures and glass chandeliers imported from Europe. The most famous
feature of the building was its ceremonial “Marble Hall.” This rectangular room, with a white
marble floor, had a coffered ceiling from which hung glass and brass chandeliers. It was an
elegant hall for the social events of Manila’s elite.
The present structure is the restoration of the third one. Revitalizing its ancestral and
artistic architectural feature, it restored the Vestibule, the Grand staircase, the Salon de Fiestas
y Actos Publicos or the Marble Hall, and the Sala de Sesiones. In the 20th century, the
Ayuntamiento earned the sobriquet “Marble Palace,” because of its generous use of this
material. Architect Javier Galvan of the Instituto Cervantes once remarked that Ayuntamiento
de Manila is probably the most beautiful building of Manila during the Spanish Era.

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2.2.1.2 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF THE PHILIPPINES

The National Library of the Philippines (Filipino: Pambansang Aklatan ng Pilipinas or

Aklatang Pambansa ng Pilipinas, abbreviated NLP) is the official national library of the
Philippines. The complex is located in Ermita on a portion of Rizal Park facing T.M. Kalaw
Avenue, neighboring culturally significant buildings such as the Museum of Philippine Political
History and the National Historical Commission. Like its neighbors, it is under the jurisdiction of
the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA).
Formerly known as the Museo-Biblioteca de Filipinas, the National Library was founded
on August 12, 1887 under a royal decree issued by the Spanish government. The library was
formally inaugurated on October 24, 1891. Construction on the building's foundation began on
March 23, 1960 and the superstructure on September 16. During construction, objections were
raised over the library's location, claiming that the salinity of the air around Manila Bay would
hasten the destruction of the rare books and manuscripts that would be stored there. Despite
the objections, construction continued, and the new building was inaugurated on June 19, 1961,
Rizal's 100th birthday, by President Carlos P. Garcia, Magsaysay's successor.
The Library was revived with the donation made by the American Circulating Library
Association of its Circulating Library to the government formalized through Public Act No. 96
passed on March 5, 1901.
The NLP aims to acquire and preserve all Filipiniana materials; provide national and
international bibliographic services; organize, supervise and develop the public libraries and
information centers throughout the country; and provide information, reference and research
resources to the public. The library is notable for being the home of the original copies of the
defining works of José Rizal: Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo and Mi último adiós.

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2.2.2 Foreign Case Study

2.2.2.1 TOWN HALL IN KOLKATA, CULCATTA, INDIA

Built in Roman- Doric style, the main front portion of the structure is standing on eight
long brick pillars. The two storied building covers more than 1200 sq. meters. The building was
completed in 1813. The architect was Col. John Garstin, the then chief engineer of the city.
 22nd March 1814- the building was opened to the public.
 Some cracks were noticed in 1815.
 In 1818 it was noticed that some of the pillars in the upper floor were found to be
defective. It was repaired and Col. Garstin, the architect had to bear the cost.
 Later on, in 1867, the then Calcutta Municipal Corporation became the official custodian
of Town Hall.
 The building was renovated and opened to the public in 1998.
 In 2002, the museum named Kolkata Panorama opened to the public in a new look.

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The museum depicts the making of the city of Kolkata (earlier known as Calcutta) which tells
the story in audio- visual format. The entire socio economic and cultural history of the city is
covered here. The museum remains open every day from 11 in the morning till 5 in the evening.
The town hall is a very famous and important landmark of Kolkata. During the British Raj
the town hall was the most important place for social gatherings in Calcutta and many important
state functions of the British East India Company were held here. The hall has been witnessed
to many historic proclamations and events during the 19th and 20th century. It was considered
an elite place for public gatherings by the Europeans. Nowadays, many functions of the
Government of West Bengal are held here. The town hall was featured on the 6th leg of The
Amazing Race 18, when the teams had to compete in a tea-drinking roadblock.
Practical conservation of heritage buildings in Kolkata started in the 1990s and the first
restoration project was the Town Hall, a public building built by the British in 1813, in the central
business district by a public‐private partnership. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the
restoration process and adaptive reuse of the Town Hall as a case study.
A team of conservationists, architects and structural engineers worked during 1996‐
1998. The methodology included surveying and documenting the existing structure; examining
old materials and methods of construction, earlier repairs and the suitability of matching new
materials; analysing the structure, defects and their causes; prescribing remedial measures;
preparing items of work, estimating and tendering for appointment of contractors; allocating
funds for restoration; supervision and monitoring of the works.

2.2.2.2 SEELEY HISTORICAL LIBRARY

The Seeley is one of the largest libraries in Cambridge; its primary role is to
support the History Faculty’s teaching program by providing students with a wide range
of printed, online and audio-visual material. It was first established in 1807 when John
Symonds, Regius Professor of Modern History, gathered its nucleus of 1,000 books.
The History Faculty building designed by James Stirling accommodates over 300
students and houses more than 95,000 volumes. The skylight over the reading room is a

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crucial part of the design, although it is difficult to see from outside the building and
contributes nothing to its silhouette.

This post-war modern, utilitarian scheme is one of Stirling’s early works. He

combined materials and forms in new ways, such as the red brick and the bold glazing
system. The glazing guaranteed even light conditions throughout the reading area in the
library, the centre point of the building. The build started in 1964 and was completed in
1968. The Faculty of History is now an English Heritage listed building.
The project was headed by John McAslan, who said that "The main problem with
the building is that it leaks, it's too bright, too hot in summer and too cold in winter.”
Drainage problems and leaks have persisted in the Seeley Library, and a further attempt
to remedy the issue was made in the Summer of 2015, when an entirely new surface
was given to the flat concrete roof over the book stacks.

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2.3 Research Paradigm

• Researching information online.

• Search for the articles in guidelines related to the project.
INPUT
• Observing the strategies by doing case studies in existing
developments.
• Identify the calssification of the existing building and the
proposal.
PROCESS • Gathering the data and collecting information.
• Identify the required spaces that fits on existing builng.

• ADAPTIVE REUSE OF AYUNTAMIENTO DE

OUTPUT MANILA INTO HISTORY RESEARCH
LIBRARY OF INTRAMUROS

An IPO (Input – Process – Output) diagram covers all the data and information required
for the process, details, descriptions and the product from the process.

2.4 Research Methods

2.4.1 Research Design Used

This study utilized qualitative type of research method which used the different
types of techniques such as history, documents, observations and case studies. Using
qualitative method would help to know the problems and needed and it can be solved
through observation, analysis, and description. The case study technique is gathering
and collecting the data related to the project to use to formulate concepts, study the
context of the project, boundaries of the development such as laws that may affect the
progress of the project.

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CHAPTER III. Site Justification

3.1 Geographical Setting

3.1.1 City Map

The City of Manila is located at the western part of the National Capital Region.
Bounded by Caloocan City on the north, Quezon City on northeast, San Juan City on the
east, Makati City on southeast, Pasay City on the south, and Manila Bay on the west
side.
Known as the capital of the Philippines, Manila has a total land area of 7,956.65
hectares. The city is divided into six congressional districts, subdivided into 16
administrative districts with 100 barangay zones composed of 897 barangays.

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3.1.2 Congressional District Map

The District V is situated on the southern part of the City of Manila. It is bounded by
District III on the north and District VI on the northeast. It is encompassing San Andres, Malate,
Intramuros, and Port Area is host to institutions, transport facilities and utilities and some
commercial activities.
3.1.3 Administrative Map

Pandacan is part of the fifth district of Manila, and is an administrative district

known for its historical and heritage site. It is bounded by The Port area in the west part
of the district and Ermita in the south part of district. The district has total land of 67
hectares.

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3.1.4 Location Map

The site is address in 655, Intramuros, Manila, 1002 Metro Manila. It has 0.62 ha.
This site is bounded by the road, Soriano Avenue, Cabildo St., and Postigo St.

3.1.5 Site Photos

View of the site

View from the site

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3.2 Site Suitability

3.2.1 Topography

The topography of the Manila is relatively flat, but some parts are below sea
level. In the midst of high tide, the sea water goes about two kilometers inland
along the Pasig River towards Laguna Bay.

3.2.2 Soil Conditions

The City of Manila’s mapping unit has two major types of soils. These are the
Eutropepts and Dystropepts.
Soil Features and Description
Eutropepts • Deep to very deep well-drained dark yellowish brown, dark brown, yellowish brown, brown
alluvial soils with loam, silt loam, silty clay loam and sandy loam textures.
• Moderate to high inherent fertility

Dystropepts • Brownish or reddish acid tropepts that are formed from either acid rocks or under high
rainfall of both.
• Narrower adaptability for agricultural crops.

3.2.3 Seismologic Conditions

The City of Manila and the rest of NCR lies on a shelf which has been essentially formed
by a ridge of volcanic ash to the west. The city is physically susceptible to earthquake hazards
such as ground shaking and liquefaction. Earthquakes can bring damage to both economic and
social interaction. Applying earthquake resistant technologies are being implemented on
building and structural codes. The city leans towards the coping mechanisms to earthquake
disasters, focusing on quick response recovery of the older buildings.
Geolofical Risks of Various Areas in Metro Manila is shown in the figure above,
Pandacan is classified under Low Risk zone.

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3.2.4 Climatic and Rainfall Conditions

Manila has a tropical savanna climate under the Koppen climate classification.
The city’s climate has two pronounced seasons: dry from November to April, and wet for
the rest of the year.
Humidity is usually very high all year round, results to hotter temperature than it
used to be. In wet season, rainfall is very heavy amid short periods. Heavy rain occurs
during the months of July and August, with monthly rainfall averaging 486mm. Typhoon
usually occur from June to September.

3.2.5 Solar Data and Wind Analysis

3.3 Utilities and Services

3.3.1.1 Power Supply

The electric services in Manila are provided by the sole electric power distributor
in Metro Manila, the Manila Electric Company (MERALCO). The main power supply of
the city is located at Solis St., Tondo, which receives power from five main sources –
Caloocan, Navotas, Balintawak, Sta. Mesa and Tegen. The percentage of households
powered through distribution lines of MERALCO is already more than 95% and has
continued to increase as of 1995.
3.3.1.2 Water Supply
Water services in Manila used to be provided by the Metropolitan Waterwoks and
Sewerage System (MWSS) which served 30% of the city. The MWSS became private in
1977, which caused to split the water concession into the east and west zones. Maynilad
Water Services took over the west zone of which Manila is a part. Maynilad Water
Services now provides the water services and supply in Manila, including Pandacan.

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3.3.1.3 Telecommunication
The cellphone telecommunication services in Pandacan are provided by two
major companies namely, Smart Communications and Globe Telecom. While the
internet services are mostly supported by Globe Broadband and PLDT
telecommunications company.
3.3.1.4 Drainage System
Pasig River provides the main drainage of Pandacan that is linked to the Manila
Bay and Laguna de Bay. It has a total span of 25 kilometers.Each neighborhood has a
network of small drainage system that serves as a small catchment area from a single
property to several blocks of buildings.
3.3.1.5 Solid Waste Management
Waste collection is done through house-to-house collection and collecting of
wastes in trash bins provided by the residents themselves. After being collected, the
wastes are then brought to the transfer station located at Pier 18, NHA Compound,
Tondo. The wastes in the transfer station are transported either in Navotas or
Montalban, Rizal.

3.3.1.6 Transportation System

3.3.1.6.1 Transportation Vehicles

The transportation industry sets in motion the pace of economic and social progress.
Its capability determines the conduct and volume of all domestic commerce.
Transportation influences the way people interact and their everyday activities.
The common means of transportation in Intramuros for the public are jeepneys, taxi
cabs, trains and kalesa. Cars, vans, motorcycles and bicycles are the usual private
means of transportation.
3.3.1.6.2 Railways
The City of Manila is served by the Light Rail Transit (LRT) system Lines 1 and 2 that
runs from North Avenue to Baclaran, and North Avenue to Taft respectively.

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3.4 Socio-Economic Conditions

3.4.1 Demographics

Name Status Population Population Population Population

Census Census Census Census
1990-05-01 2000-05-01 2010-05-01 2015-08-01

Intramuros City District 6,279 7,466 4,925 5,935

Barangay 654 Barangay 1,124 1,034 841 1,137

Barangay 655 Barangay 1,333 1,648 1,789 1,671

Barangay 656 Barangay 1,707 3,344 242 369

Barangay 657 Barangay 619 431 281 677

Barangay 658 Barangay 1,496 1,009 1,772 2,081

3.4.1.1 Population Size and Density

The 2000 Philippine Census of Population places the total population of the City
of Manila at 1,281,082, the second biggest in the NCR, after Quezon City.
Manila comprises 15% of NCR population.

3.4.2 Socio-Economic Profile

3.4.2.1 Education
Intramuros has many well-known schools and universities such as Colegio de
San Juan de Letran, Lyceum of the Philippines-Manila, Mapua Univeristy, Colegio de
Sta. Rosa, Manila High School and Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila.
3.4.2.2 Healthcare
Location Name of Hospital Bed Capacity Classification Category
DISTRICT V
667 UN Avenue, Ermita MANILA DOCTORS HOSPITAL 300 General Tertiary
112 Gen. Luna, Ermita MEDICAL CENTER MANILA 250 General Tertiary
UN Ave., Physicians’ Tower PHYSIANS’ DIAGNOSTIC SERVICE CENTER 8 General Secondary
Cabildo St. Intramuros SEAMAN’S HOSPITAL 100 General Tertiary

3.4.2.3 Housing
According to the Manila Health Department, District V had the biggest number of
depressed barangays (57 barangays. Or an estimated population of 175,743).
Government set to implement housing program for Intramuros squatters.

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The Intramuros Administration (IA) has inked a joint memorandum circular with
government housing agencies to implement a program that will address the informal-
settlers issue in the walled city.
3.4.2.4 Recreation
Intramuros is rich in recreational activities and sites because Intramuros is heaped in
history.
 Walls, gates, and fortifications
 Fort Santiago
 Postigo del Palacio
 Puerta de Santa Lucia
 Baluartillo de San Jose and Reducto de San Pedro
 Baluarte de San Diego
 Puerta de Santa Lucia
 Baluartillo de San Jose and Reducto de San Pedro
 Baluarte de San Diego
 Plazas, monuments, and public buildings
 Plaza de Roma
 Ayuntamiento
 Aduana
 Palacio del Gobernador
 Plaza México
 Plaza Sto. Tomas
 Plazuela de Sta. Isabel
 Museums
 Bahay Tsinoy
 Casa Manila
 Light and Sound Museum
 Rizal Shrine
 San Agustin Museum
 Sport
 Club Intramuros Golf Course

3.5 SWOT Analysis

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSESS OPPOPRTUNITIES THREATS

Very accessible Area of the site is Protected by Bounded by three
limited government roads
Located in historical
site Lack of parking areas Nearby universities

Located in heritage
site

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CHAPTER IV. Architectural Design Programming and Analysis

4.1 Site Planning and Programming

4.1.1 Site Interrelationship Bubble Diagram

4.1.1.1 Administrative Office

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4.1.1.2 Library Area

4.1.1.3 Support Facilities

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4.1.2 Space Programming

UNIT AREA OF USER MOVEMENT FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
TOTAL AREA
NAME USER PEDAL MANUAL PIVOTAL USER x UNIT OF USER TOTAL AREA OF USER DIMENSION (m)
QTY TYPE AREA (m²)
0.45 0.96 2.5 0.9 L W
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE
RECEPTION/ WAITING AREA VISITORS 3 2.88 2.592 5.472 1 RECEPTION TABLE 2 0.8 1.6 11.522
RECEPTIONIST 2 0.9 0.81 1.71 2 RECEPTION CHAIR 0.5 0.5 0.5
7.182 3 CHAIR 0.8 0.8 1.92
1 COFFEE TABLE 0.4 0.8 0.32
4.34
CLERICAL WORK AREA CLERICAL STAFF 3 2.88 2.592 5.472 3 TABLE 2 0.8 4.8 15.442
VISITORS 4 1.8 1.62 3.42 7 CHAIR 0.5 0.5 1.75
8.892 6.55
OFFICE PANTRY STAFFS 3 7.5 6.75 6.75 1 WATER DISPENSER 0.6 0.6 0.36 8.43
3 PANTRY CABINET 0.5 1.2 0.6
1 TABLE 0.6 1.2 0.72
1.68
LIBRARIAN OFFICE HEAD LIBRARIAN 1 2.5 2.25 4.75 3 OFFICE TABLE 1 0.6 1.8 20.09
ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN 1 2.5 2.25 4.75 3 OFFICE CHAIR 0.5 0.5 0.75
SECRETARY 1 2.5 2.25 4.75 4 VISITORS CHAIR 0.45 0.45 0.81
14.25 1 3-SEATER SOFA 1.8 0.8 1.44
1 COFFEE TABLE 0.4 0.6 0.24
2 FILE STORAGE 0.4 1 0.8
5.84
FILE ROOM STAFF 2 5 4.5 9.5 5 FILE STORAGE 0.4 1 0.4 9.9
CONFERENCE ROOM STAFF 10 4.5 4.05 8.55 12 CHAIR 0.45 0.45 2.43 14.58
1 CONFERENCE TABLE 3.6 1 3.6
6.03
WOMEN'S RESTROOM STAFFS 6 5.76 5.184 10.944 6 TOILET 0.45 0.5 1.35 13.794
JANITORS 1 2.5 2.25 4.75 1 LAVATORY 2.5 0.6 1.5
15.694 2.85
MEN'S WOMEN STAFFS 6 5.76 5.184 10.944 2 TOILET 0.45 0.5 0.45 19.624
JANITORS 1 2.5 2.25 4.75 1 LAVATORY 2.5 0.6 1.5
15.694 4 URINALS 0.45 1.1 1.98
3.93
LIBRARY AREA
LOBBY VISITORS 10 25 22.5 47.5
GUARD 2 1.92 1.728 3.648
51.148
.
EXHIBITS VISITORS 10 25 22.5 47.5 4 FOLDING DISPLAY 2 2.5 5 52.5

CHECK OUT VISITORS 3 7.5 6.75 14.25 3 TABLE 0.6 0.6 0.36 14.61

REFERENCE COMPUTER TERMINALS VISITORS 3 7.5 6.75 14.25 3 TABLE 0.6 0.6 0.36 14.61

CARD CATALOGUE VISITORS 6 15 13.5 28.5 2 CABINET 1.2 0.4 0.48 28.98
READERS AREA VISITORS 75 33.75 30.375 30.375 15 TABLES 2 0.8 24 79.173
LIBRARIAN 1 0.96 0.864 1.824 75 CHAIRS 0.5 0.5 18.75
ASSITANT LIBRARIAN 1 0.96 0.864 1.824 2 OFFICE TABLE 1 0.6 1.2
34.023 2 OFFICE CHAIR 0.5 0.5 0.5
15 CARRELS 1 0.7 0.7
45.15
WOMEN'S RESTROOM STAFFS 6 5.76 5.184 10.944 6 TOILET 0.45 0.5 1.35 13.794
JANITORS 1 2.5 2.25 4.75 1 LAVATORY 2.5 0.6 1.5
15.694 2.85
MEN'S WOMEN STAFFS 6 5.76 5.184 10.944 2 TOILET 0.45 0.5 0.45 19.624
JANITORS 1 2.5 2.25 4.75 1 LAVATORY 2.5 0.6 1.5
15.694 4 URINALS 0.45 1.1 1.98
3.93
COLLECTION AREA VISITORS 30 75 67.5 142.5 20 BOOK SHELVES 2 0.5 20 162.5
SUPPORT FACILITIES
PRINTING ROOM STAFF 2 1.92 1.728 3.648 4 PRINTER 0.6 0.4 0.96 4.608

STORAGE ROOM STAFF 2 1.92 1.728 3.648 3 CABINET 0.4 1 1.2 4.848
DISCUSSION ROOM VISITORS 10 4.5 4.05 8.55 1 TABLE 0.6 1.2 0.72 11.77
10 CHAIRS 0.5 0.5 2.5
3.22
COLLECTION STOCK ROOM STAFF 2 1.92 1.728 3.648 5 BOOK SHELVES 2 0.5 5 8.648
AUDIO VISUAL MEDIA ROOM VISITORS 30 13.5 12.15 25.65 30 CHAIRS 0.5 0.5 7.5 34.974
STAFFS 1 0.96 0.864 1.824
27.474
DUPLICATIONS OF ARCHIEVALS STAFFS 2 1.92 1.728 3.648 3 CABINET 0.4 1 1.2 4.848

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AN ADAPTIVE REUSE OF AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA

4.1.3 Matrix Diagram

4.1.3.1 Library Area

4.1.3.2 Administrative Office

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AN ADAPTIVE REUSE OF AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA

4.1.3.3 Support Facilities

4.2 Architectural Engineering

LINE 1: BUILDING COST 6,200 x 20,000 = ₱ 124,000,000

Formula: Area x Amount per m²
LINE 2: SITE COST 6,200 x 8,000 = ₱ 49,600,000
Formula: Area x Amount per m²
LINE 3: EQUIPMENT COST 124,000,000 x .08 = ₱ 9,920,000
Formula: Building Cost x 8%
LINE 4: PREMIUM COST 124,000,000 x .05 = ₱ 6,200,000
Formula: Building Cost x 5%
LINE 5: CONTINGENCY COST 124,000,000 x .10 = ₱ 12,400,000
Formula: Building Cost x 10%
LINE 6: CONSTRUCTION COST 192,200,000
Formula: Summation of lines 1-5
LINE 7: ESCALATION COST 5% x 2 x 124,000,000 = ₱ 12,400,000
Formula: 5% per yr x no. of yrs x line 5
LINE 8: TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST 192,200,000 + 12,400,000 = ₱
Formula: Line 6 + Line 7 204,600,000
LINE 9: ARCH/ENG FEE .10 x 204,600,000 = ₱ 20,460,000
Formula: 10% of Line 8
LINE 10: OFF-SITE IMPROVEMENTS AND LUMP 124,000,000 x .07 = ₱ 8,680,000
COST
Formula: Building Cost x 7%
LINE 11: FIXED EQUIPMENT COST 124,000,000 x .08 = ₱ 9,920,000
Formula: Building Cost x 8%
LINE 12: MISCELLANEOUS 124,000,000 x .05 = ₱ 6,200,000
Formula: Building Cost x 5%
LINE 13: CONTINGENCIES OF OTHER COST 124,000,000 x .10 = ₱ 12,400,000
Formula: Building Cost x 10%
LINE 14: OTHER COST ₱ 11,532,000
Formula: Summation of lines 9-13
LINE 15: PROJECT COST ₱ 39,113,142.86
Formula: Summation of lines 8-14

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AN ADAPTIVE REUSE OF AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA

LINE 16: OWNER’S CONTINGENCY COST 124,000,000 x .05 = ₱ 6,200,000

Formula: Building Cost x 5%
LINE 17: TOTAL PROJECT COST 39,113,142.86 + 6,200,000 = ₱
Formula: Line 15 + Line 16 45,313,142.86

4.3 Building Laws Applied

4.3.1 RA 9514 Fire Code of the Philippines 2008

DOOR OPENINGS Not less than 71.00 cm. in clear width.

DOOR SWINGS Side-hinged or Pivoted swinging

HEADROOM Not less than 2.00 cm.

PROTECTIVE ENCLOSURE OF EXITS (4) storeys or more = (3) hour fire resistance rating
NUMBERS OF MEANS OF EGRESS 1000 and more users = 4 exits

MINIMUM WIDTH OF EGRESS Not less than 915 mm.

4.3.2 BP344 Law Enhancing the Mobility of Disable also known as "Accessibility Law"

ACCESSIBLE
RAMPS - Minimum clear width of 1.20 m.
- Gradient not steeper than 1:12.
- For accessible ramps 3m or more in width, provide intermediate handrails at
the center. Use of double “J” type handrail supports are recommended.
- Maximum length of 6.00 m.: Accessible ramps with a total length longer than
6.00 m shall be provided with intermediate landings with a minimum length of
1.50 m.
- Level area not less than 1.80 m at the top and bottom of any ramp.
- Handrails on both sides of the ramp at 700 mm and 900 mm from the floor of
the ramp.
- 300 mm long extension of the handrail shall be provided at the top and bottom
of ramps.

HANDRAILS
AND GRAB - Handrails should be installed at both sides of ramps and stairs and at the outer
BARS edges of dropped curbs at crossings; handrails should not be installed beyond
the width of any crossing so as not to obstruct pedestrian flow; handrails shall be
installed at 0.90m and 0.10m above steps or ramps; handrails for protection at
great heights may be installed at 1.00m to 1.06m;
- 30m long extension of the handrail should be provided at the start and end of
ramps and stairs;
- Handrails that require full grip should have a dimension of 30mm to 50mm;
- Handrails attached to walls should have a clearance no less than 50mm from
the wall; handrails on ledges should have a clearance not less than 40mm;

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AN ADAPTIVE REUSE OF AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA

4.3.3 National Institute of Building Sciences

SPACE FOR BOOKS

- (with aisles at least 36 inches wide) divide the
total projected number of volumes by 10. The
square footage needed for compact book storage
is equal to the total projected collection divided by
25. For example, if the total projected collection
over 20 years is 50,000 volumes, 50,000 divided
by 10 equals 5,000 square feet needed to house
the projected collection.

SPACE FOR USER SEATING

- 5 seats for every 1,000 users in its service
population. As a guide, public libraries that serve
no more than 10,000 users should accommodate
7 to 10- seats for every 1,000 users. These guides
do not include the seats needed in meeting rooms
or staff areas.

SPACE FOR STAFF WORK AREA

- approximately 150 square feet per work area.
Some work areas may be larger than others. For
example, check-out areas may require more
square footage than help-desk areas. As a
general rule of thumb, the square footage
allotment for staff work areas equals the number
of projected staff areas multiplied by 150

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 HISTORY RESEARCH LIBRARY OF INTRAMUROS
AN ADAPTIVE REUSE OF AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA

CHAPTER V. Conceptual Framework and Design Translation

History Research Library of Intramuros
An Adaptive Reuse of Ayuntamiento de Manila

5.1 Philosophy

“Architecture is the biggest unwritten document of history” -D.Libeskind

5.2 Design Concept

“History”
History is important to study and discover to know where we are coming from, who
we are, and what we are in the future. Sometimes history teaches us, sometimes history is
the reflection of future. From the word itself, the design will apply to the project proposes to
encourage people to have interest to know what is in our history. The concept proposal is
History Library for the people who wants to know about history. The building was very
historical, Ayuntamiento rises four times. The people will feel the essence and ambience of
history because the place is full of history.

5.3 Design Considerations

• Security and Safety

- Security posts and fixing the damaged materials will be added to secure the safety of
everyone.
• History
- Study the history of the structure to give the proposal that will fit in.
• Circulation
- Sufficient size of passageways between user and furniture should be provided to
prevent human collision and overcrowding.
• Building Laws and guides
- The laws of building will be considered; Manuals will serve as a guide.
• Accessibility
- The design should be easily accessible to users.
• Parking
- Spaces for car parking for the users and the facilitators will be added.

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AN ADAPTIVE REUSE OF AYUNTAMIENTO DE MANILA

5.4 Design Objectives

• To make a design that will fit to the heritage building and acceptable function to the
place.
• To create a library for the people that will feel the history of the place and also the
country.
• To design the Ayuntamiento de Manila that will maintain the importance of the building
with its memories, history, sacrifices and rises of the structure.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Manila Comprehensive Land Use Plan and zoning Ordinance, 2005
Manila CDP, 2016-2019
RA 9514 Fire Code of the Philippines 2008
BP344 Law Enhancing the Mobility of Disable also known as "Accessibility Law"
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION OF THE NATIONAL
CULTURAL HERITAGE, STRENGTHENING THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE
AND THE ARTS (NCCA) AND ITS AFFILIATED CULTURAL AGENCIES, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
STANDARDS FOR PHILIPPINE LIBRARIES
THE BURRA CHARTER
National Institute of Building Sciences

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