NSTP Module 5 1

HUMAN SECURITY AND NATIONAL SECURITY
Since time immemorial, man has an awareness and knowledge about security. In ancient era, man has devised means to
protect himself from ferocious animals and harsh conditions. As the society advanced, they learned to create tools and
weapons to safeguard their lives and their properties. In our country, heroes were born because they strive to save our
people from conquerors. Currently, every country has its own way of defending and maintaining its human and national
security.
In the 1994 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Report, human security was referred to as having two
aspects:
“ … first safety from such chronic threats as hunger, disease and repression…second, it means protection from sudden
and hurtful disruptions in the patterns of daily life – whether in homes, in jobs, or in communities. Such threats can exist at
all levels of national income and development.”
This was supplemented by an explanation from the former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan which states that:
“ Human security, in its broadest sense, embraces far more than the absence of violent conflict. It encompasses human
rights, good governance, access to education and health care and ensuring that each individual has opportunities and
choices to fulfill his or her potential… Every step in this direction is also a step towards reducing poverty, achieving
economic growth and preventing conflict. Freedom from want, freedom from fear, and the freedom of future generations to
inherit a healthy natural environment – these are the interrelated building blocks of human – and therefore national –
security.”
Thus, according to the United Nations (UN) Commission, Human Security:

- seeks to “protect the vital core of all human lives in ways that enhance human freedoms and human fulfillment”
- requires “protecting people from critical and pervasive threats” and "empowering them to take charge of their own lives"
- “protection and empowerment are mutually reinforcing and cannot succeed in isolation”
- Commission puts emphasis on the “need for comprehensive, integrated and people-centered solutions that together can
help people develop the building blocks of survival, livelihood and dignity”
National Security is defined as the state or condition wherein the values which a nation treasures such as territorial integrity,
sovereignty, people’s way of life and well-being are protected and enhanced. It is the requirement to maintain the survival
of the nation-state through the use of economic military and political power and the exercise of diplomacy. The measures
taken to ensure national security include:
- Using diplomacy to rally allies and isolate threats;
- Maintaining effective armed forces;
- Implementing civil defense and emergency preparedness measures (including anti-terrorism legislation);
- Ensuring the resilience and security of critical infrastructure; and
- Using intelligence services to detect and defeat or avoid threats and espionage, and to protect classified information.
In the Philippine context as indicated by the NSC Permanent Secretariat, National Security is described as a condition or
state of being where the Filipino people’s values, way of life, institutions, welfare, and well - being , sovereignty and
strategic relations are protected and enhanced . The elements of National Security are the following:
- Moral-spiritual consensus
- Cultural cohesiveness
- Economic solidarity
- Socio-political stability
- Ecological balance
- Territorial integrity
- International harmony
NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE NSTP PROGRAM

The 1987 Philippine Constitution enshrined in its Declaration of Principles that the Filipinos are duty-bound to protect the
country and, as such, they may be subjected to undergo service training programs (Art. II, Sec. 14, The Philippine
Constitution).
The Government may call upon the people to defend the state, and in fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under
conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service.
The NSTP is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the
ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components, specifically designed
to enhance the youth's active contribution to the general welfare.
MANPOWER RESERVOIR FOR NATIONAL SECURITY
1. Graduates of CWTS and LTS shall belong to the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) which could be tapped by the
State for literacy and civic welfare activities such assisting in disaster preparedness, mitigation, response and rehabilitation
programs.
2. Graduates of the ROTC component shall form part of the AFP Citizen Armed Forces and AFP Reserve Force, subject to
DND requirements.
THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY

A. Man Made Threats
- Terrorism
- Explosion/Bomb Threats
- Campus Violence/Frat and Gang War
- Kidnapping/Hostage Taking
- Drug Addiction
- Armed Robberies/Hold Ups
- Snatching
- Sabotage
- Fire
- Technological Threats such as gambling through number games, internet hold ups and cyber crimes (computer
hacking, computer pilferage, ATM stealing and cyber prostitution)
B. Natural Threats
- Earthquakes
- Typhoons
- Floods
- Volcanic Eruptions
- Tsunamis

NSTP Module 5 1

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HUMAN SECURITY AND NATIONAL SECURITY

Thus, according to the United Nations (UN) Commission, Human Security:

NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE NSTP PROGRAM

THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY

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