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Culture Documents
HUMS11 Part 2
HUMS11 Part 2
The Americans returned in 1945. Filipinos rejoiced and guerrillas who fled
to the mountain joined the liberating American Army.
On July 4, 1946, the Philippines regained is freedom and the Filipino flag
waved joyously alone. The chains were broken.
Many young people became activists to ask for changes in the government.
In the expression of this desire for change, keen were the writings of some
youth who were fired with nationalism in order to emphasize the importance
of their petitions.
The Literary Revolution
The youth became completely rebellious during this period. This was proven
not only in the bloody demonstrations and in the sidewalk expressions but
also in literature. Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions. The
once aristocratic writers developed awareness for society. They held pens
and wrote on placards in red paint the equivalent of the word MAKIBAKA
(To dare!).
The irreverence for the poor reached its peak during this period of the mass
revolution. It was also during this period that Bomba films that discredit
our ways as Filipinos started to come out.
Established in 1950, the Planca Memorial Awards for Literature had been
giving cash prizes for short story, poetry and one-act play writing as an
incentive to Filipino writers. The prizes comes from La Tondena, Inc., the
firm founded by the late Carlos Planca Sr.
The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos
Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards.
Almost all themes in most writing dealt with the development of progress of
the country-like the Green Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition,
environment, drug addiction and pollution. The new Society tried to stop
pornography or those writings giving bad influence on the morals of the
people. All school newspaper were temporarily stopped and so with school
organization.
Themes of most poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture,
customs and the beauties of nature and surroundings.
The government led in reviving old plays and dramas, like the Tagalog
Zarzuela, Cenaculo and the Embayoka of the Muslim which were presented
in the rebuilt Metropolitan Theater, the Folk Arts Theater and the Culture
Center of the Philippines.
Radio and Television
Radio continued to be patronized during this period. The play series like SI
MATAR, DAHLIA, ITO AND PALAD KO, and MR. LONELY were the forms of
recreation of those without television.
Filipino Films
A yearly Pista ng mga Pelikulang Plilipino (Yearly Filipino Film Festival) was
held during this time. During the festival which lasted usually for a month,
only Filipino films were shown in all theatres in Metro Manila.
1. MAYNILA…SA MGA KUKO NG LIWANAG written by Edgardo Reyes and
filmed under the direction of Lino Brocka. Bembol Roco was the lead role.
2. MINSA’Y ISANG GAMU-GAMO; Nora Aunor was the principal performer
here.
3. GANITO KAMI NOO…PAANO KAYO NGAYON: led by Christopher de Leon
and Gloria Diaz
4. INSIANG: by Hilda Koronel
5. AGUILA: led by Fernando Poe Jr., jay Ilagan and Christopher de Leon
During this period of the New Society, newspaper donned new forms. News
on economics progress, discipline, culture, tourism and the like were
favoured more than the sensationalized reporting of killings, rape and
robberies.
After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino
which started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on
January 2, 1981.
Filipino Poetry
Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and
revolutionary. Writers wrote openly of their criticism against the
government. The supplications of the people were coached in fiery,
colourful, violent, profane and insulting language.
Filipino Songs
Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were really true-to-life those
grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and of
fellowmen.
The yearly Festival of Filipino Films continued to be held during this period.
The people’s love for sex films also was unabated.
Periods (1986-1999)
History took authors twist. Once more, the Filipino people regained their
independence which they lost twenty years ago.
In the span of four days from February 21-25, 1986, the so-called People
Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed. Together, the people barricaded the
streets petitioning the government for changes and reforms.
On Books
The Philippines revolution of 1986 and the fire of its spirit that will carry the
Filipinos through another epoch in Philippine history is still being
documented just as they have been in the countless millions who
participated in body and spirit in its realization.
Revolutionary Period
Historical background
The Filipinos did not get the reforms demanded by the propagandists.
The government turned deaf ears to the oppression and abuses of the
colonial officials.
The good intention of Mother Spain was reversed by the friars.
Many Filipinos affiliated with Rizal’s La Liga Filipina (The Filipino League).
Events which triggered the outbreak of Revolution include:
1. The Banishment of Rizal to Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte;
2. The establishment of the then secret society KKK (Katipunan);
3. The execution of Jose Rizal; and
4. The discovery of Katipunan and arrest of its members.
Revolutionary writers:
Andres Bonifacio
Emilio Jacinto
Apolinario Mabini
Jose Palma
Colonial Period
Historical Background
1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman
alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious
practices.
3. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time
lent many of its words to our language.
4. Our periodical during these times gained a religious tone.
5. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and
Visayan.
6. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our
songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
7. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other
dialects.
8. Until the 19th century, the printing presses that published literary works
were owned and managed by the religious orders. Thus, religion themes
dominated the literature of the time.
The First Book
Literary Composition
Recreational Plays
1. Tibag – the word tibag means to excavate. This ritual was brought here by
the Spaniard to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the
Cross on which Jesus died through a dramatic performance.
5. Salubong – an Easter play the dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ
and his Mother.
Folk Songs
- Folk songs became widespread in the Philippines. Each region had its
national songs from the lowlands to the mountains of Luzon, Visayas and
Mindanao. (Ex. Leron-leron Sinta, Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, and Atin Cu
Pung Sing-sing)
Karagatan