Aspen Hysys
Aspen Hysys
Upstream
Option Guide
Version Number: V7.1
Month: January 2009
Copyright (c) 1981-2009 by Aspen Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
companies.
Aspen HYSYS, Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining, Aspen Flare System Analyzer, Aspen Energy Analyzer,
Aspen HYSYS Refining CatCracker, Aspen HYSYS Pipeline Hydraulics, and the aspen leaf logo are
trademarks or registered trademarks of Aspen Technology, Inc., Burlington, MA.
This manual is intended as a guide to using AspenTech’s software. This documentation contains
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Technical Support
v
vi
http://support.aspentech.com
vi
vii
For the most up-to-date phone listings, please see the Online
Technical Support Center at:
http://support.aspentech.com
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viii
viii
Table of Contents
Technical Support..................................................... v
Online Technical Support Center ............................vi
Phone and E-mail ................................................ vii
ix
7 GAP ...................................................................... 7-1
7.1 Introduction .................................................... 7-2
7.2 GAP Property View ........................................... 7-2
Index.................................................................... B-1
x
Black Oil 1-1
1 Black Oil
1-1
1-2 Black Oil Tutorial Introduction
Figure 1.1
1-2
Black Oil 1-3
1-3
1-4 Setting the Session Preferences
Figure 1.2
1-4
Black Oil 1-5
Figure 1.3
1-5
1-6 Setting the Session Preferences
Figure 1.4
1-6
Black Oil 1-7
7. To view the available units for Std Gas Den, click the drop-
down arrow in the cell beside the Std Gas Den cell.
Figure 1.5
1-7
1-8 Setting the Session Preferences
Figure 1.6
In the Black Oil Stream Options group, you can select the
methods for calculating the viscosity, and displaying the
water content for all the black oil streams in your
simulation. For now you will leave the settings as default.
3. Click the Close icon to close the Session Preferences
property view. You will now add the components and fluid
package to the simulation.
1-8
Black Oil 1-9
1-9
1-10 Setting the Simulation Basis
Figure 1.7
For more information, 3. In this tutorial, add the following components: C1, C2, C3,
refer to Chapter 1 - i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, and C6.
Components in the
HYSYS Simulation Select the components from the list in the Components
Basis guide.
Available in the Component Library group and click the <---
Add Pure button.
4. Close the Component List property view.
5. Return to the Simulation Basis Manager property view.
If the Simulation Basis Manager is not visible, click the
Home View icon from the toolbar.
Home View icon
1-10
Black Oil 1-11
Figure 1.8
1-11
1-12 Setting the Simulation Basis
Refer to Appendix A - The Neotec Black Oil Methods property view displays the
Neotec Black Oil
Methods for more
nine PVT behaviour and transport property procedures, and
information on the black each of their calculation methods.
oil methods available and
other terminology. 5. In this tutorial, you want to have the Watson K Factor
calculated by the simulation. The default option for the
Watson K Factor is set at Specify. Thus, you will change
the option to Calculate from the Watson K Factor drop-
down list, as shown below.
Figure 1.9
6. Click the Close button to close the Neotec Black Oil Methods
property view.
The HYSYS Neotec Black Oil property view appears.
Figure 1.10
1-12
Black Oil 1-13
7. In the Basis field, type in the new name Black Oil for the
fluid package.
8. Close the HYSYS Neotec Black oil property view by clicking
the Close icon .
The Black Oil fluid package is now completely defined. If you
click on the Fluid Pkgs tab in the Simulation Basis Manger
you can see that the list of Current Fluid Packages now
displays the Black Oil Fluid Package and shows the number
of components (NC) and property package (PP). The newly
created Black Oil Fluid Package is assigned by default to the
main flowsheet. Now that the Simulation Basis is defined,
you can install streams and operations in the Main
Simulation environment.
9. To leave the Basis environment and enter the Simulation
environment, do one of the following:
• Click the Enter Simulation Environment button on the
Simulation Basis Manager property view.
• Click the Enter Simulation Environment icon on the
toolbar.
Enter Simulation
Environment
When you enter the Simulation environment, the initial property
view that appears depends on your current Session Preferences
setting for the Initial Build Home View. Three initial property
views are available:
• PFD
• Workbook
• Summary
1-13
1-14 Setting the Simulation Basis
Figure 1.11
1-14
Black Oil 1-15
Objects Description
PFD The PFD is a graphical representation of the flowsheet
topology for a simulation case. The PFD property view
shows operations and streams and the connections
between the objects.
You can also attach information tables or annotations to the
PFD. By default, the property view has a single tab. If
required, you can add additional PFD pages to the property
view to focus in on the different areas of interest.
Object A floating palette of buttons that can be used to add
Palette streams and unit operations.
You can toggle the palette open or closed by:
• Clicking the Object Palette icon in the PFD toolbar.
• Pressing F4.
• Selecting the Flowsheet | Open/Close Object
Object Palette icon Palette command from the menu bar.
Figure 1.12
1-15
1-16 Building the Simulation
1-16
Black Oil 1-17
Figure 1.13
1-17
1-18 Building the Simulation
Figure 1.14
You can only rename the overall column, and that name
appears on the PFD as the name for that black oil stream.
You cannot change the phase name for the stream.
1-18
Black Oil 1-19
Figure 1.15
1-19
1-20 Building the Simulation
Figure 1.16
1-20
Black Oil 1-21
Figure 1.17
Figure 1.18
1-21
1-22 Building the Simulation
The Gas Oil Ratio is the ratio of the gas volumetric flow to oil
volumetric flow at stock tank conditions. The Gas Oil Ratio
will be automatically calculated if the volumetric flows of the
gas, oil, and water phases are known. In this tutorial, the
volumetric flowrates for the three phases are calculated by
the Gas Oil Ratio and Water Cut.
The water content in the Black Oil stream can be expressed
in two ways:
• Water Cut. The water cut is expressed as a percentage.
V water
Water Cut = ------------------------------- (1.1)
V oil + V water
where:
V water
WOR = --------------- (1.2)
V oil
You can select your water content input preference from the
drop-down list.
Next you will specify a method for calculating the dead oil
viscosity.
1-22
Black Oil 1-23
13. Click on the Viscosity Mtd button. The Black Oil Viscosity
Method Selection property view appears.
Figure 1.19
1-23
1-24 Building the Simulation
Figure 1.20
Figure 1.21
1-24
Black Oil 1-25
16. Create a second black oil feed stream, Feed 2 and define it
with the following data:
Figure 1.22
1-25
1-26 Building the Simulation
Now you have fully defined two black oil feed streams. The next
step is to install the necessary unit operations for the blending
and transitioning process.
1-26
Black Oil 1-27
Figure 1.23
Now the status indicator has changed to green OK, showing that
the valve operation and attached streams are completely
calculated.
1-27
1-28 Building the Simulation
1-28
Black Oil 1-29
Figure 1.25
1-29
1-30 Building the Simulation
Figure 1.26
Figure 1.27
Refer to Appendix A - HYSYS has calculated the outlet stream by combining the
Neotec Black Oil
Methods, for more
two inlets and flashing the mixture at the lowest pressure of
information on the the inlet streams. In this case, ValveOut has a pressure of
specific gravity and 96.3 kPa and Feed 2 has a pressure of 200 kPa. Thus, the
viscosity of heavy oil/
condensate blends. outlet from the Mixer has a pressure of 96.3 kPa (the lowest
pressure between the two inlets).
1-30
Black Oil 1-31
1-31
1-32 Building the Simulation
Figure 1.28
1-32
Black Oil 1-33
Figure 1.29
1-33
1-34 Building the Simulation
Figure 1.30
1-34
Black Oil 1-35
Figure 1.31
If the Outlet stream had Black Oil as the fluid package, the
following warning message property view would appear.
1-35
1-36 Building the Simulation
Figure 1.32
1-36
Black Oil 1-37
1-37
Black Oil 1-38
You can examine and review the results for the MixerOut
stream as a compositional stream.
Figure 1.33
Figure 1.34
1-38
Black Oil 1-39
You can continue into this dynamic section with the black oil
translation case that you built during the steady state section.
1. Open the BlackOil.hsc case (if it is not already open in the
HYSYS).
2. Save the case under the new name: BlackOilDyn.hsc.
Figure 1.35
You can also equalize the inlets pressures for the Mixer by
selecting the Equalize All radio button on the Parameters
page on the Design tab.
1-39
1-40 Dynamic Simulation
Figure 1.36
1-40
Black Oil 1-41
Figure 1.37
Figure 1.38
1-41
1-42 Dynamic Simulation
1-42
Black Oil 1-43
Figure 1.39
1-43
1-44 Dynamic Simulation
1.5.4 Notes
The following should be noted when using black oil in Dynamic
mode:
• Black oil system does not support Component Splitter
and tray section since they are strongly linked to
composition.
• In steady-state black oil translation, the component list
changes after the black oil stream is converted to a
compositional stream. However for black oil translation in
dynamic mode, a new composition using the existing
component list is calculated. Ensure that the desired
components are already present on the non-black oil side
of the transition before the simulation starts. The
simplest way to do this is to use the component list from
a steady-state result.
• Always refer to the stream property view for the black oil
simulation information.
• To obtain the most accurate black oil results, avoid using
black oil system with extreme simulation conditions or
phase ratios.
1-44
Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-1
2.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2
2.1.1 Installing Multiflash .................................................................. 2
2-1
2-2 Introduction
2.1 Introduction
Multiflash is an advanced software package for modeling the
properties of gases, liquids and solids. It consists of a
comprehensive library of thermodynamic and transport property
models, a physical property databank, methods for
characterising and matching the properties of petroleum fluids
and multiphase flashes capable of handling any combination of
phases.
For infomation on using This chapter describes the use of Multiflash with HYSYS
the Multiflash GUI in
Microsoft Windows, refer Upstream (a product of Aspen Technology Inc.). Multiflash
to the Multiflash for features are made available in HYSYS through a property
Windows User Guide. package in the COMThermo thermodynamics option.
2-2
Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-3
Figure 2.1
Refer to Components The components for the property package must be selected
section for more within the Multiflash GUI.
information.
You cannot select the components within HYSYS.
2-3
2-4 Multiflash Property Package
2. On the Engine Setup tab, click the Add button. A new PVT
package (PVT-1) is added to the PVT package list.
Figure 2.2
2-4
Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-5
Figure 2.3
2-5
2-6 Multiflash Property Package
Multiflash Flash
The Multiflash flash is very reliable in most circumstances,
including situations with multiple liquid phases and solids. The
convergence tolerance is very tight and, therefore, it may take
longer to converge than some other options but the result is
correct. For simple vapour-liquid equilibrium calculations any
flash method should be reliable.
HYSYS Flash
If you are using the HYSYS flash and you want to change the
flash settings, you can click the Advanced button on the HYSYS-
Multiflash Setup property view, which opens the Fluid Package
2-6
Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-7
property view.
Figure 2.4
Figure 2.5
2-7
2-8 Multiflash Property Package
Components
The Select/Components menu item allows you to specify the
components in the property package. Components may be
selected from a databank by clicking on a component name or
typing the name of a component. Components in a databank
may be searched for by name, part of a name or by formula as
shown in the figure below.
2-8
Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-9
Figure 2.6
2-9
2-10 Multiflash Property Package
Figure 2.7
2-10
Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-11
Figure 2.8
The Select Model Set window has several tabs that group
together different types of models. Figure 2.8 shows the
equation of state models. A number of different transport
property options may be selected along with the thermodynamic
models. Models that are not part of your license will be greyed
out and cannot be selected. After choosing a model click the
Define Model button and then Close to return to the main
window.
2-11
2-12 Multiflash Property Package
Composition
To enter a mixture composition click on the Compositions
button. The amount of each component can be entered in the
mole field. The amounts are total moles or mass rather than
mole fractions or mass fractions.
Figure 2.9
2-12
Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-13
Units
Units of measurement for the Multiflash GUI can be set using
the Select/Units menu item. This only affects operation of the
GUI and has no connection with units in HYSYS.
Figure 2.10
2-13
2-14 Multiflash Property Package
Flash Calculations
To carry out a flash calculation set the values of known
quantities in the Input Conditions display and select an option
from the Calculate menu. There are toolbar buttons for many of
the common flash calculations. Calculated properties are
displayed in the main window. The properties calculated depend
on the property output level selected. This can be changed using
the Select/Property Output menu item.
Figure 2.11
2-14
Multiflash for HYSYS Upstream 2-15
Phase Envelope
Phase boundaries and lines of fixed volume, enthalpy, entropy
can be plotted. Use the Calculate/Phase Envelope menu item. To
plot a vapour-liquid phase boundary click on the VLE AutoPlot
button – see example output below. Other types of diagrams
may be plotted by setting the Basis and X/Y axes as required.
Figure 2.12
2-15
2-16 Multiflash Property Package
Online Help
Help is provided by two items on the Help menu. Help Topics is
an online version of the Multiflash for Windows User Guide and
Multiflash Error Codes gives an explanation of any error or
warning messages issued by Multiflash.
Returning to HYSYS
After a property package has been configured you may return to
HYSYS by selecting the Exit item from the File menu. This will
display a warning message:
Figure 2.13
2-16
Lumper and Delumper 3-1
3 Lumper and
Delumper
3-1
3-2 Lumper
3.1 Lumper
The Lumper is an upstream operation, which allows the user to
blend multiple (well) streams to one stream with a reduced
number of components to the total components into the unit
operation. This technique is used to map petroleum and process
thermodynamic properties together.
OR
1. From the Flowsheet menu, click Palette command. The
Object Palette appears.
You can also open the Object Palette by pressing F4.
3-2
Lumper and Delumper 3-3
Figure 3.1
Upstream
Ops icon
Figure 3.2
3-3
3-4 Lumper
Connections Page
The Connections page is used to define all of the connections to
the Lumper.
Figure 3.3
3-4
Lumper and Delumper 3-5
You can specify one or more inlet streams using one or more
different fluid packages. The fluid packages may have
different component lists.
Parameters Page
The Parameters page allows you to specify the outlet settings
and automatic pressure assignment.
Figure 3.4
3-5
3-6 Lumper
Parameters Description
Fluid Pkg Name Allows you to specify the name for the fluid package to
be generated.
For more information on Property Pkg You can select the Equation of State (EOS) property
the EOS property package from the drop-down list:
packages, refer to the • Peng-Robinson
Equations of State • PRSV
(EOS) section from
• Sour PR
Section 2.4.1 - Set Up
• SRK
Tab in the HYSYS
• Kabadi-Danner
Simulation Basis
guide. • Sour SRK
A new fluid package with components will be created
during the delumping process.
Comp List Name Allows you to specify the name for the component list
to be generated.
Bulk Viscosity Fit The first temperature at which the outlet stream bulk
Temperature 1 viscosity is to match that of the combined feed.
Bulk Viscosity Fit The second temperature at which the outlet stream
Temperature 2 bulk viscosity is to match that of the combined feed.
Flash Type with You can select the flash type to be used for the outlet
Respect to Feeds stream with respect to the combined feed. There are
two options:
• T-P Flash
• P-H Flash
Outlet Stream This group appears when you select T-P as the flash
Temperature type from the Flash Type with Respect to Feeds drop-
Group down list. There are two radio buttons in the Outlet
Stream Temperature group:
• Auto Calculated. The outlet stream temperature
will be automatically calculated based on the
combined feed. You cannot specify the outlet
stream temperature in the Value field.
• Specified. You have to specify the outlet stream
temperature in the Value field.
3-6
Lumper and Delumper 3-7
Lumping Page
On the Lumping page, you can select the lumping method that
you want to use. The outlet component list shown on the
Lumping page can be constructed by a combination of the
following three ways:
• Keeping inlet components: You can select any
number of inlet components to keep as individual
components in the outlet component list. You can also
click the Keep All Comps button to keep all the inlet
components.
• Manually creating user hypothetical components
(User Hypos): After creating a hypothetical group, you
can create any number of user hypos and decide the
constituent inlet components for each user hypo. Any
empty user hypo will be deleted from the outlet
component list when you submit the changes or close the
Lumper property view.
• Automatically creating hypothetical components
(Auto Hypos): When the desired total number of outlet
components is more than the sum of the kept
components and non-empty user hypos, the difference
will be the number of auto hypos to be generated
automatically by the lumping method you have selected.
You can select a lumping method by expanding the
Inlet group Lumping page of the Design tab. The default method is
Montel and Gouel. Once an auto hypo is generated, you
are allowed to empty or delete it, but not to change the
contained components.
3-7
3-8 Lumper
Figure 3.5
Individual
components and Components from
lumped the inlet
hypothetical components list.
components.
You can specify the total number of outlet components in the Desired total
number of components field. The valid range for this number depends on the
current state of the outlet components list. The minimum number equals the
total number of kept components and the non-empty user hypos plus one (if
there is one or more inlet components left). The maximum number equals
the total number of kept components and the non-empty user hypos plus the
remaining number of inlet components. If you enter an invalid number in this
field, the trace window will show you the valid range.
3-8
Lumper and Delumper 3-9
Figure 3.6
where:
3-9
3-10 Lumper
Figure 3.7
3-10
Lumper and Delumper 3-11
Figure 3.8
3-11
3-12 Lumper
Figure 3.9
Refer to Section 5.2.3 - The Lumper Hypothetical group name appears on the
Hypotheticals Tab in
the HYSYS User Guide Hypothetical tab of the Simulation Basis Manager when you
for more information. enter the Basis environment.
The Component Class field on the Hypo Group property
view shows the class for grouping the hypotheticals.
2. If you want to change the Hypo group name, type the new
name in the Group Name field.
3-12
Lumper and Delumper 3-13
For more information on 4. Click the Estimation Methods button to setup property
the Estimation Methods, estimation methods for the contained hypothetical
refer to the Estimation
Methods section from components.
Section 2.4.3 - Binary The Property Estimation property view appears.
Coefficients Tab in the
HYSYS Simulation
Basis guide. Figure 3.11
3-13
3-14 Lumper
Figure 3.12
Figure 3.13
3-14
Lumper and Delumper 3-15
You can also access the hypothetical groups from the Basis
environment.
1. From the Simulation menu, select Enter Basis
Environment. The Simulation Basis Manager appears.
2. Click on the Hypotheticals tab.
3. Select the hypothetical group you want to edit from the
Hypotheticals Groups list.
4. Click the View button. The Hypo Group property view
appears.
3-15
3-16 Lumper
Figure 3.14
3-16
Lumper and Delumper 3-17
Figure 3.15
You can also view the lumped hypothetical property view from
the Basis environment.
1. From the Simulation menu, select Enter Basis
Environment. The Simulation Basis Manager appears.
2. Click on the Hypotheticals tab.
3. Select a lump hypothetical component from the Hypothetical
Quick Reference table and click the View Hypo button.
3-17
3-18 Lumper
Figure 3.16
3-18
Lumper and Delumper 3-19
Removing Components
1. From the components list in the Outlet group, select the
individual component you want to remove.
2. Click the Remove Comp button. The component will now be
displayed in the inlet component list.
3-19
3-20 Lumper
1. Click the Sort Comp List button in the Outlet group. The
Sorting Output Components property view appears.
2. From the Sort List group, click the appropriate radio button.
You can sort the individual components or user lumped
hypothetical components in the outlet component list.
Figure 3.17
3-20
Lumper and Delumper 3-21
Figure 3.18
Figure 3.19
3-21
3-22 Lumper
3-22
Lumper and Delumper 3-23
3-23
3-24 Delumper
3.2 Delumper
For information on the The Delumper is an upstream unit operation used to delump the
Lumper unit operation,
refer to Section 3.1 -
lumped hypothetical components created by one or more
Lumper. lumpers.
Figure 3.20
You can attach one or more feed streams using one or more
different fluid packages (hence potentially different component
lists), with a total of m distinct components. In the Delumper
property view, you can specify a new equation of state (EOS)
fluid package, a new fluid package name and a new components
list name.
3-24
Lumper and Delumper 3-25
OR
1. From the Flowsheet menu, click Palette. The Object
Palette appears.
You can also open the Object Palette by pressing F4.
3-25
3-26 Delumper
Figure 3.21
Upstream
Ops icon
Figure 3.22
3-26
Lumper and Delumper 3-27
Connections Page
The Connections page is used to define all of the connections to
the Delumper.
Figure 3.23
3-27
3-28 Delumper
You can specify one or more inlet streams using one or more
different fluid packages. The fluid packages may have
different component lists.
Parameters Page
The Parameters page allows you to specify the outlet settings
and automatic pressure assignment.
Figure 3.24
3-28
Lumper and Delumper 3-29
Parameters Description
Fluid Pkg Name Allows you to specify the name for the fluid package to
be generated.
For more information on Property Pkg You can select the Equation of State (EOS) property
the EOS property package from the drop-down list:
packages, refer to the • Peng-Robinson
Equations of State • PRSV
(EOS) section from
• Sour PR
Section 2.4.1 - Set Up
• SRK
Tab in the HYSYS
• Kabadi-Danner
Simulation Basis
guide. • Sour SRK
A new fluid package with components will be created
during the delumping process.
Comp List Name Allows you to specify the name for the component list
to be generated.
Bulk Viscosity Fit The first temperature at which the outlet stream bulk
Temperature 1 viscosity is to match that of the combined feed.
Bulk Viscosity Fit The second temperature at which the outlet stream
Temperature 2 bulk viscosity is to match that of the combined feed.
Flash Type with You can select the flash type to be used for the outlet
Respect to Feeds stream with respect to the combined feed. There are
two options:
• T-P Flash
• P-H Flash
Outlet Stream This group appears when you select T-P as the flash
Temperature type from the Flash Type with Respect to Feeds drop-
Group down list. There are two radio buttons in the Outlet
Stream Temperature group:
• Auto Calculated. The outlet stream temperature
will be automatically calculated based on the
combined feed. You cannot specify the outlet
stream temperature in the Value field.
• Specified. You have to specify the outlet stream
temperature in the Value field.
3-29
3-30 Delumper
Delumping Page
On the Delumping page, you can select the delumping method
that you want to use.
Figure 3.25
3-30
Lumper and Delumper 3-31
Figure 3.26
Components in Delumped
the outlet hypothetical
component list. components
Components
packaged in the
delumped
hypothetical
components.
3-31
3-32 Delumper
Figure 3.27
3-32
Lumper and Delumper 3-33
Figure 3.28
3-33
3-34 Delumper
3-34
Lumper and Delumper 3-35
Figure 3.29
In the Sort Method group, you can select the method you want
to use to sort the output components by clicking on the Manual
or Automatic radio button.
3-35
3-36 Delumper
Figure 3.30
3. Click the Move button. For example, the figure below shows
that Propane has been moved before 3-Mhexane.
Figure 3.31
3-36
Lumper and Delumper 3-37
3-37
3-38 References
Notes Page
For more information, The Notes page provides a text editor that allows you to record
refer to Section 7.19 -
Notes Manager in the
any comments or information regarding the specific unit
HYSYS User Guide. operation, or the simulation case in general.
3.3 References
1
Montel, F and Gouel P.L., A new Lumping Scheme of Analytical Data
for Compositional Studies. Presented at the 59th Annual Technical
Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Sept. 16-19, 1984; Paper SPE
13119.
3-38
Aspen Hydraulics 4-1
4 Aspen Hydraulics
4.1 Introduction................................................................................... 3
4-1
4-2 Aspen Hydraulics
4-2
Aspen Hydraulics 4-3
4.1 Introduction
The hydraulics functionality is available in the Aspen Hydraulics
operation that enhances the pipeline simulation of pipes,
junctions, mixers, swages, and valves within HYSYS.
4-3
4-4 Aspen Hydraulics Property View
Refer to the following The options available in the PFD tab are exactly the same as the
sections from the HYSYS options available in the HYSYS PFD property view. The only
User Guide for more
information on PFD: difference between the HYSYS PFD and the Aspen Hydraulics
• Section 10.3 - PFD is the reduced number of unit operations available in Aspen
Editing the PFD Hydraulics.
• Section 3.4 -
Subflowsheet
Environment
• Section 7.24 - PFD
4-4
Aspen Hydraulics 4-5
Quick Route Enables you to move icons quickly about the PFD.
Mode In other words, icons can be moved with their
attached stream lines overlapping the other object
icons.
Drag Mode Enables you to shift and drag the PFD frame
property view to different areas/sections of the
entire PFD.
Object Enables you to access the Object Palette of the
Palette PFD.
4-5
4-6 Aspen Hydraulics Property View
4-6
Aspen Hydraulics 4-7
Object Description
Name field Enables you specify the name of the Aspen Hydraulics.
The default name is HYDR-#.
Tag field Enables you specify the tag name for the subflowsheet.
The default tag name is TPL#.
Inlet Connections to Sub-Flowsheet group
Internal Stream Displays the name of internal stream in Aspen
column Hydraulics sub-flowsheet that can be connected to the
streams in the Main flowsheet.
External Stream Enables you to specify or select the external stream
column (flowing from the Main flowsheet into the Aspen
Hydraulics sub-flowsheet) connected to the internal
stream in Aspen Hydraulics.
Outlet Connections to Sub-Flowsheet group
Internal Stream Displays the name of internal stream in Aspen
column Hydraulics sub-flowsheet that can be connected to the
streams in the Main flowsheet.
External Stream Enables you to specify or select the external stream (in
column the Main flowsheet) connected to the internal stream
(flowing from Aspen Hydraulics sub-flowsheet).
4-7
4-8 Aspen Hydraulics Property View
Object Description
Solver list Enables you to select and see the list of solver methods available in
Steady State mode.
By default, the standard Aspen Hydraulic Steady State Solver is selected.
Status group Displays the calculation status of the selected solver method.
• Inner Iteration. Current iteration in the solution of the network
with the problem reduced to a convergent branched model.
• Inner Pressure Error. Worst error in the pressure at any location
in the model. This is a relative fractional value.
• Inner Energy Error. Worst error in the energy balance at any
location in the model. This is a relative fractional value.
• Outer Iteration. Current iteration in the solution of for unknown
flow directions in looped or divergent models.
• Outer Error. Worst error in the calculated pressures at the tear
locations in looped or divergent models.
• Current Unit Op. Unit operation currently being calculated.
Abort button Enables you to abort the calculation of the selected solver method.
4-8
Aspen Hydraulics 4-9
Object Description
Do Error Enables you to toggle between checking or ignoring errors in the
Checking calculation.
checkbox
Solver Control Enables you to specify the calculation parameter values of the selected
group solver.
• Max. Inner Iterations. Defines the maximum number of
iterations for the solution of the network with the problem reduced
to a convergent branched model.
• Inner Tolerance. Defines the solution tolerance for the maximum
error in the pressure and energy balance at any point in the
network for the solution of the network with the problem reduced to
a convergent branched model. The tolerance is a relative fractional
value.
• Inner Damping Factor. If the solution oscillates then specification
of a value between 0.1 and 1 may assist convergence. This should
not normally be required except in cases of extreme choking at a
pressure boundary.
• Max. Outer Iterations. Defines the maximum number of
iterations for iterative solution of the reduced convergent branched
model to solve for unknown flow directions in looped or divergent
models.
• Outer Tolerance. Defines the solution tolerance for the maximum
error in the calculated pressures at the tear locations in looped or
divergent models. The tolerance is a relative fractional value. This
should normally be of the order of 100 * the Inner Tolerance.
• Min.Jacobian Step / Max Jacobian Step. The solution of looped
or divergent models requires calculation of a Jacobian matrix that is
determined by finite difference. The step size for this calculation is
determine internally by the solver subject to these constraints.
These values should only very rarely need to be changed.
4-9
4-10 Aspen Hydraulics Property View
Object Description
Solver list Enables you to select and see the list of solver methods
available in Dynamics mode.
By default, the standard Aspen Hydraulic Dynamic Solver is
selected. In addition, Aspen Hydraulics also provides a
three phase Dynamic Solver and a Compositional Solver.
(The Compositional Solver requires an Aspen Properties
Basis.)
Composition Provides component holdup tracking throughout a dynamic
Tracking network.
Enables a synthetic component balance as the Aspen
Hydraulic Dynamic Solvers do not provide a composition
model. This option is not available when the Compositional
Solver is selected.
PVT Contains the following options for you to configure the PVT
Generation Generation calculation:
group • Drop-down list enables you to select the PVT
Generation method you want to apply to the
calculation.
• The Modify PVT Table button enables you to change
the PVT Table Bounds for Pressure and Temperature
• The Enable PVT Table Regeneration checkbox
enables you to toggle between regenerating or not
regenerating the values in the PVT table during the
calculation.
• Tolerance field enables you to specify the set
percentage tolerance to which the PVT table values
are regenerated.
This group is not available when the Compositional Solver
is selected.
Solver Enables you to configure the solver calculation parameter
Control values for Dynamics mode.
group
View Pig Allows you to view specifications of each pig. This button is
Options only active in Dynamic solver. If you select a 3-phase
Button Dynamic solver case, this button is disabled.
User Allows you to initialize the Aspen Hydraulics network with a
Dynamics globasl pressure and temperature. This view is only
Initialization applicable if Dynamic Initialization option is set to “cold
Button start.”
4-10
Aspen Hydraulics 4-11
Object Description
Profile List Enables you to select and view composite profiles
available in the Aspen Hydraulics sub-flowsheet.
Add button Enables you to access the Profile Editor property view
and create a new profile.
Insert button Enables you to access the Profile Editor property view
and create a new profile.
Edit button Enables you to access the Profile Editor property view
of the selected profile and modify the pipe selection of
the selected profile.
Delete button Enables you to delete the selected profile.
Table button Enables you to access the selected profile data in
tabular format.
Plot button Enables you to access the selected profile data in plot
format.
Figure 4.1
4-11
4-12 Aspen Hydraulics Property View
Object Description
Selected Unit Displays the list of unit operations you have selected
Ops list for the current composite profile.
Available Unit Enables you to select the unit operations available for
Ops list the current profile.
Profile Name Enables you to specify a name for the current profile.
field
Add button Enables you to add the selected unit operations to the
current profile. The added unit operation’s name will
appear in the Selected Unit Ops list.
Insert button Enables you to add the selected unit operations to the
current profile. The added unit operation’s name will
appear in the Selected Unit Ops list.
Delete button Enables you to remove the selected unit operation
from the Selected Unit Ops list and the current profile.
OK button Enables you to close the Profile Editor property view
and accept the current selection for the profile.
This button only becomes active after you specified a
name for the profile.
Cancel button Enables you to exit the Profile Editor property view
without accepting the current selection for the profile.
Object Description
Data Source Enables you to see and select the variable source object.
column For example, you can select different streams for the
vapour fraction variable.
Description Enables you to modify the name/description of the selected
column variables.
Value Enables you to modify the value of the variable
column
Unit Column Enables you to modify the type of units used to measure
the variable
Add button Enables you to access the Add Variable To... View and
add a variable to the Aspen Hydraulics calculation
parameter.
4-12
Aspen Hydraulics 4-13
Object Description
Edit button Enables you to edit the configuration/selection of the
selected variable in the Externally Accessible Variables
group.
Delete Enables you to remove the selected variable in the
button Externally Accessible Variables group.
Figure 4.2
To select a variable:
1. In the Object list, select the object that contains the
variable you want.
You can filter the list of objects in the Object list by
selecting the appropriate radio button in the Object Filter
group.
2. In the Variable list, select the variable you want to modify.
If required, you can select the specifics of the selected
variable in the Variable Specifics group.
3. In the Variable Description field, you can modify the
variable name or accept the HYSYS default name.
4. Click the OK button.
You can click the Disconnect button if you want to remove
the selected variable from the Aspen Hydraulics calculation
4-13
4-14 Aspen Hydraulics Property View
parameters.
You can click the Cancel button to exit the Add Variable To...
property view without accepting any of the changes or
selections in the property view.
Object Description
Inlet Streams group
Name column Enables you to see and specify the name of the
streams going into the Aspen Hydraulics sub-
flowsheet.
Transfer Basis Enables you to select the type of transfer basis for the
column associate stream.
Outlet Streams group
Name column Enables you to see and specify the name of the
streams exiting out of the Aspen Hydraulics sub-
flowsheet.
Transfer Basis Enables you to select the type of transfer basis for the
column associate stream.
4-14
Aspen Hydraulics 4-15
4-15
4-16 Aspen Hydraulics Property View
4-16
PIPESIM Link 5-1
5 PIPESIM Link
5.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2
5.1.1 How This Chapter Is Organized .................................................. 2
5.1.2 Disclaimer ............................................................................... 3
5-1
5-2 Introduction
5.1 Introduction
We are pleased to introduce the PIPESIM Single Branch
Extension to HYSYS - the first and only commercial coupling
between petroleum and process simulation. This extension is a
result of a collaborative development between Hyprotech and
Schlumberger. Together we are working on a vision of “Total
Hydrocarbon Asset Management”. Examining the sensitivity of
production and process systems simultaneously or performing
production system optimization can yield significant production
benefits, sometimes as high as 15% increases in production. We
at Hyprotech and Schlumberger aim to bring you the
commercial software tools to achieve these gains.
5-2
PIPESIM Link 5-3
The PIPESIM Link chapter does not detail HYSYS procedures and
assumes that you are familiar with the HYSYS environment and
conventions. If you require more information on working with
HYSYS, please refer to the HYSYS User Guide.
In this chapter, you will find all the information you require to
set up a case and work efficiently within the simulation
environment. If you require more information regarding
PIPESIM 2000 please refer to the PIPESIM 2000 reference
manuals.
5.1.2 Disclaimer
PIPESIM Link is the proprietary software developed jointly by
Hyprotech, a subsidiary of Aspen Technology Inc., (hereafter
known as Hyprotech) and Schlumberger (hereafter known as
Schlumberger).
5-3
5-4 PIPESIM Link Extension
PIPESIM is fully compatible with all of the gas, liquid, and gas/
liquid fluid packages in HYSYS. You can combine PIPESIM and
HYSYS objects in any configuration during the construction of a
HYSYS flowsheet. PIPESIM objects can be inserted at any point
in the flowsheet where single or multi-phase pipe flow effects
must be accounted for in the process simulation.
5-4
PIPESIM Link 5-5
The PIPESIM Link property view is where the inlet and outlet
material streams are specified. The Inlet Object and Outlet
Object fields are read only. These fields are blank when the
extension is first installed. Once the PIPESIM Link model has
been selected, via the Model page, the names of the boundary
objects within the PIPESIM Link model will be displayed
5-5
5-6 PIPESIM Link Extension
Figure 5.1
5-6
PIPESIM Link 5-7
Figure 5.2
5-7
5-8 PIPESIM Link Extension
Like all HYSYS property views, the PIPESIM Link property view
allows you access to all of the information associated with a
particular item. The property view has a number of tabs and on
each tab are pages of related parameters.
The the Ignore checkbox at the bottom of the property view can
be selected if you want to disable the concurrent calculation of
intermediate results during data entry. HYSYS completely
disregards the operation until you restore it to an active state by
clearing the checkbox.
The PIPESIM Link property view is the starting point for the
definition of any PIPESIM Link operation.
5-8
PIPESIM Link 5-9
Design Tab
The Design tab is used to define the connections between the
HYSYS simulation case and the PIPESIM Link operation, to
import and export PIPESIM cases, and to view the basis for
tabular physical properties.
Connections Page
The Connections page allows you to select the input and output
material streams using the drop-down list or by typing the new
material streams in the Inlet and Outlet fields. You can also
enter a name for the operation in the Name field.
Figure 5.3
5-9
5-10 PIPESIM Link Extension
Model Page
The Model page allows you to import, export, and edit a
PIPESIM model.
Figure 5.4
The Original PIPESIM Model field is read only and echoes the
original path and file name of the model that is imported via the
Import button.
The Edit Model button loads and runs the PIPESIM2000 GUI with
the current model. If a model has not been imported then the
PIPESIM2000 GUI contains an empty model. When the GUI is
loaded, a work file name appears in the caption bar. The model
5-10
PIPESIM Link 5-11
Figure 5.5
5-11
5-12 PIPESIM Link Extension
The PIPESIM model may not contain any unit operations that
change the compositions of the fluid because the PVT table
corresponds to a single composition. Thus the following
restrictions apply:
• Vapour/Liquid separators are not supported.
• Well completions cannot use gas lift.
PVT Page
The PIPESIM model solves using tabular physical properties
generated by the chosen HYSYS property package. The PVT
table defines the extents and granularity of the table. The table
is regenerated using the current feed composition each time the
link resolves. A maximum of 20 pressure and 20 temperature
points can be specified.
Figure 5.6
5-12
PIPESIM Link 5-13
Pressure (psia)
14.50 24.95 43.51 64.98 99.93 145.0 200.0 290.1 450.1 625.7
1000 1450 2000 2901 4500 6527 10000 1450 20000 29010
Temperature (°F)
-60 -30 0 32 60 90 120 150 180 212
240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510
The Export button allows you to export the PVT table file for
standalone use with PIPESIM.
Performance Tab
The Performance tab contains two pages that allow you to view
a table of the profile data and to view the traditional PIPESIM
output.
5-13
5-14 PIPESIM Link Extension
Profiles Page
The Profiles page displays the profile data in tabular formate for
the following key variables vs. axial distance along the pipe:
• Mass Flow
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Holdup (actual volumetric)
• Velocity
Figure 5.7
5-14
PIPESIM Link 5-15
PIPESIM Page
The PIPESIM page displays the traditional PIPESIM output. The
type of information shown depends on the radio button you
have selected in the View group:
• None. Select the None radio button, if the link is within a
recycle and/or adjust loop to minimise the overhead of
importing the results files into the display widget.
• Output File. Displays all results and an echo of the
PIPESIM model data.
• Summary File. Displays a summary of the calculated
pressure/temperature/flow profile.
Figure 5.8
5-15
5-16 PIPESIM Link Extension
Figure 5.9
Worksheet Tab
Refer to the Section The Worksheet tab allows you to directly edit the material
1.3.10 - Worksheet Tab
in the HYSYS streams that are attached to the PIPESIM Link operation without
Operations Guide for having to open the material streams property views.
more information on the
Worksheet tab.
5-16
PIPESIM Link 5-17
Figure 5.10
5-17
5-18 PIPESIM Link Tutorial
Name Inlet
Temperature [°C] 150
Pressure [kPa] 16000
Molar Flow [kgmole/h] 360
Comp Mole Frac [methane] 0.7540
Comp Mole Frac [ethane] 0.1696
Comp Mole Frac [propane] 0.0410
Comp Mole Frac [i-Butane] 0.0068
Comp Mole Frac [n-Butane] 0.0100
Comp Mole Frac [i-Pentane] 0.0028
Comp Mole Frac [n-Pentane] 0.0026
Comp Mole Frac [n-Hexane] 0.0060
Comp Mole Frac [Nitrogen] 0.0066
Comp Mole Frac [CO2] 0.0003
Comp Mole Frac [H2S] 0.0003
5-18
PIPESIM Link 5-19
Figure 5.11
5-19
5-20 PIPESIM Link Tutorial
Figure 5.12
5-20
PIPESIM Link 5-21
Figure 5.13
5-21
5-22 PIPESIM Link Tutorial
Figure 5.14
5. The HYSYS case will run and the stream results will appear
as shown in the figure below.
Figure 5.15
5-22
PIPESIM Link 5-23
Figure 5.16
Figure 5.17
5-23
5-24 PIPESIM Link Tutorial
4. Click the Add button to add a new series to your plot. Select
the Line plot type and click the OK button.
5. Click Close to exit the Plot Setup property view.
6. Click the Series menu to assign data to your new series.
Figure 5.18
5-24
PIPESIM Link 5-25
When you are finished making these changes your plot will
look like the figure below.
Figure 5.19
5-25
5-26 PIPESIM Link Tutorial
5-26
PIPESIM NET 6-1
6 PIPESIM NET
6.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2
6-1
6-2 Introduction
6.1 Introduction
PIPESIM NET is a data model and solver used for the solution of
network models. HYSYS links to compositional PIPESIM NET
models.
For information on the HYSYS also links to the black oil PIPESIM NET models, which
PIPESIM 2000 Open Link,
refer to the Schlumberger
allow modeling of Gas Lift systems and faster execution speed
PIPESIM Reference for the PIPESIM NET models.
manual.
The PIPESIM 2000 GUI is used for editing and calculating
PIPESIM NET models.
6-2
PIPESIM NET 6-3
OR
1. From the Flowsheet menu, click Palette. The Object
Palette appears.
You can also open the Object Palette by pressing F4.
2. Click on the Upstream Ops icon. The Upstream Palette
appears.
Figure 6.1
Upstream
Ops icon
6-3
6-4 PIPESIM NET
Model Page
The Model page allows you to link to the PIPESIM NET model.
You can change the name of the operation in the Name field.
You can also change the Fluid package to be associated with the
PIPESIM Net Operation by using the drop-down list at the
bottom of the page.
6-4
PIPESIM NET 6-5
Figure 6.2
6-5
6-6 PIPESIM NET
Figure 6.3
6-6
PIPESIM NET 6-7
Checkbox Description
Run Run Minimised causes the PIPESIM NET engine process to
Minimised open minimised on the task bar rather than full screen.
The PIPESIM Engine is controlled by the Run Minimised and
Restart checkboxes.
Restart Restart causes the PIPESIM NET engine to initialise the new
solution from the last solution, useful for case studies,
optimisation and recycle calculations.
Delete Deletes the compositional work files created by PIPESIM
COMPMAN NET in the Windows Temporary directory, each time the
Files link is executed.
Engine Sends calculated engine output data results to an
Output To engine.log file.
engine.log
Figure 6.4
6-7
6-8 PIPESIM NET
Sources Page
The Sources page allows you to specify the feed stream and
PIPESIM object.
Figure 6.5
6-8
PIPESIM NET 6-9
Sinks Page
The Sinks page allows you to specify the product stream, and
PIPESIM object.
Figure 6.6
6-9
6-10 PIPESIM NET
Figure 6.7
When you have selected a gas lift stream from the Streams
column drop-down list, you can also select the PIPESIM object
from the PIPESIM Object column drop-down list. The
PIPESIM Object Type column shows the type of object based
on the PIPESIM object you selected in the PIPESIM Object
column.
6-10
PIPESIM NET 6-11
The temperature and gas glow fields are links to the connected
process stream, and may be edited.
6-11
6-12 PIPESIM NET
Figure 6.8
When you have selected a gas lift stream from the Streams
column drop-down list, you can also select the PIPESIM object
from the PIPESIM Object column drop-down list. The
PIPESIM Object Type column shows the type of object based
on the PIPESIM object you selected in the PIPESIM Object
column.
6-12
PIPESIM NET 6-13
the injection point within the tubing. In the case of a Gas Lift
Valve, only the topmost injection point is shown.
The temperature and gas glow fields are links to the connected
process stream, and may be edited.
6-13
6-14 PIPESIM NET
Variables Page
The Variables page allows you to interact with any PIPESIM NET
data variable that is available via the Open Link. The variables
have either read or write access with the exception of the depth
of sub-equipment within the PIPESIM NET tubing model.
Figure 6.9
6-14
PIPESIM NET 6-15
Figure 6.10
In the Variable Description field, you can enter the name for
each variable to be added to the list of Selected Variables on the
Variables page of the PIPESIM Net property view.
6-15
6-16 PIPESIM NET
Notes Page
For more information, The Notes page provides a text editor that allows you to record
refer to Section 7.19 - any comments or information regarding the specific unit
Notes Manager in the
HYSYS User Guide. operation, or the simulation case in general.
Compositional Page
You can map boundary compositions on the Compositional page.
Figure 6.11
6-16
PIPESIM NET 6-17
For the Sinks boundary class, the first column of the component
mapping table shows the list of components in the PIPESIM NET
model.
Figure 6.12
Button Description
Clear Resets all mapping factors to zero for the selected row.
Clear All Resets all mapping factors to zero for all rows.
Normalise Normalises the mapping factors to 1 for the selected
row.
Normalise All Normalises the mapping factors to 1 for all rows.
Import Imports the definitions of any hypothetical (petroleum
Hypotheticals fraction) components into the list of HYSYS
components.
6-17
6-18 PIPESIM NET
When a PIPESIM NET model is first imported into the link, the
component maps are automatically initialized where possible.
The file pscomps.sdb in the HYSYS\Support subdirectory
contains the mapping between HYSYS and PIPESIM 2000
component names.
Profiles page
You can view the PIPESIM NET results on the profiles page.
Figure 6.13
6-18
PIPESIM NET 6-19
Figure 6.14
The Add button adds to the Profile List after the currently
selected profile, whereas the Insert button adds to the
Profile List before the currently selected profile.
2. From the Selection group, select the PIPESIM NET unit
operation you want to add to the profile.
3. Click the Add or Insert button.
The Add button adds to the PIPESIM Object list after the
6-19
6-20 PIPESIM NET
Figure 6.15
If you want to remove the profile name from the Profile List,
select the profile name and click the Delete button.
6-20
PIPESIM NET 6-21
Viewing Profiles
You can define composite profiles that contain multiple network
unit operations, which allows you to view the profile between
the source and the sink.
When you click the View Table button of the Profiles page, a
tabular formate of the calculated data for the selected profile
appears. Refer to the figure below:
Figure 6.16
When you click the View Graph button of the Profiles page, a
graphical property view of the calculated data for a specific
variable for the selected profile appears. The figure below shows
an example of a graphical property view.
Figure 6.17
6-21
6-22 PIPESIM NET
Launching PSPLOT
PSPLOT allows you to view the calculated profiles for the unit
operation within the PIPESIM NET models. To launch PSPLOT,
click the PSPLOT button of the Profiles page.
Figure 6.18
6-22
PIPESIM NET 6-23
Text Page
On the Text page you can view the PIPESIM NET output files
content.
Figure 6.19
In the View Output File group, the radio buttons allow you to
display the contents of the results files. The are four radio
buttons: None, Output (.out), Summary (.sum), or
Results(.pns). The figure above shows the output file contents
when the Output radio button is selected.
6-23
6-24 PIPESIM NET
The figure below shows the Summary and Results output file
contents.
Figure 6.20
You can print the contents of the displayed output file by right-
clicking on the output file contents. The object inspect menu
appears.
Figure 6.21
6-24
PIPESIM NET 6-25
Figure 6.22
6-25
6-26 PIPESIM NET
6-26
GAP 7-1
7 GAP
7.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2
7-1
7-2 Introduction
7.1 Introduction
The GAP unit operation provides a link between HYSYS and
Petroleum Experts.
OR
7-2
GAP 7-3
Figure 7.1
Upstream
Ops icon
7-3
7-4 GAP Property View
Model Page
The Model page is used to select the GAP model and define all of
the stream connections to the objects in the selected GAP
model.
Figure 7.3
7-4
GAP 7-5
The following table lists and describes each option in the Model
page:
Object Description
Name field Enables you to modify the name of the GAP operation.
Original File field Displays the location and name of the original GAP
model attached to the operation.
The imported GAP file cannot be modified.
Select button Enables you to find and select the original GAP model
file.
Working File Displays the location and name of the working GAP
field model attached to the operation.
When you make modifications to the GAP model
attached to HYSYS, a working GAP model (containing
the changes) is created. The purpose of this feature is
to enable you to make modifications to the copy of the
imported GAP file.
Select button Enables you to save the working GAP model file.
Clear All button Enables you to clear all data model and stream
attachments to the GAP operation.
Calculate button Enables you to propagate the calculated results from
the GAP model back into the HYSYS simulation case.
Source Stream Enables you to select and connect source/inlet streams
column from HYSYS simulation case to objects in the selected
GAP model.
GAP Object Displays the available inlet streams from the objects in
Name column the selected GAP model.
Sink Stream Enables you to select and connect sink/outlet streams
column from HYSYS simulation case to objects in the selected
GAP model.
GAP Object Displays the available outlet streams from the objects
Name column in the selected GAP model
Configurations Page
The Configurations page allows you to configure the Petroleum
Experts GAP operation. There are two configuration options for
the GAP operation: System Settings or Property Model.
7-5
7-6 GAP Property View
Figure 7.4
Object Description
System Type Enables you to select the type of system for the GAP
drop-down list operation. You have the following selection:
• Production
• Water Injection
• Gas Injection
Optimization Enables you to select the optimization method for the
Method drop- GAP operation. You have the following selection:
down list • Production
• Revenue
• Oil Rate Only
• Gas Rate Only
• Water Rate Only
The selected optimization method is not applicable if
the selection for the Solving Method drop-down list is
No Optimization.
Prediction Status Enables you to toggle between activating (select On)
drop-down list or ignoring (select None) the selected prediction
method.
7-6
GAP 7-7
Object Description
Prediction Enables you to select the prediction method for the
Method drop- GAP operation. You have the following selection:
down list • Pressure Only
• Pressure And Temperature
Solving Method Enables you to select the solving method for the GAP
drop-down list operation. You have the following selection:
• No Optimization
• Optimization With Constraints
• Optimization WithOut Constraints
Oil Viscosity Enables you to select the correlation for the oil
Correlation drop- viscosity in the GAP operation. You have the following
down list selection:
• Beal et al
• Beggs et al
• Petrosky et al
Gas / Liquid pipe Enables you to specify the gas liquid ratio value of the
GOR Cutoff field pipe gas oil ratio cutoff.
Oil, Bo Enables you to specify the Bo correction value for the
Correction field oil calculation.
Gas, Bg Enables you to specify the Bg correction value for the
Correction field gas calculation.
Figure 7.5
7-7
7-8 GAP Property View
Object Description
Property Model Displays the property package of the selected GAP
field model.
Associated Model Displays the name of any models associated to the
field selected GAP model.
Sources radio Enables you to access the HYSYS vs. GAP component
button table for source/inlet streams.
Sinks radio Enables you to access the HYSYS vs. GAP component
button table for sink/outlet streams.
HYSYS vs. GAP Enables you to specify the ratio value of components
table flowing between the HYSYS and GAP model.
Figure 7.6
The radio buttons at the top of the Equip Specs page enables
you to select which possible group of GAP objects you can see
and modify.
7-8
GAP 7-9
7-9
7-10 GAP Property View
Results Page
The Results page displays the calculated results of the objects in
the GAP model.
Figure 7.7
Use the radio buttons at the top of the Results page to access
the calculated results of the following objects:
• Wells
• Separators
• Pipes
• Chokes
• Tanks
7-10
GAP 7-11
Figure 7.8
7-11
7-12 GAP Property View
7-12
OLGA Link 8-1
8 OLGA Link
8.4 Troubleshooting........................................................................... 41
8.4.1 Known Problems .................................................................... 41
8.4.2 Registering OLGA Link............................................................. 41
8.4.3 Reverse and Abnormal Flow Situations ...................................... 45
8.4.4 Simulation Stability ................................................................ 46
8.4.5 Errors ................................................................................... 46
8.4.6 Trace Debugging .................................................................... 47
8.4.7 HYSYS Communication using Process Data Tables ....................... 48
8.4.8 OLGA Restart Files.................................................................. 48
8-1
8-2 OLGA Link
8-2
OLGA Link 8-3
8-3
8-4 Introducing OLGA Link
Disclaimer
OLGA Link is the proprietary software developed jointly by
AspenTech, a subsidiary of Aspen Technology Inc., (hereafter
known as AspenTech) and Scandpower Petroleum Technology
(hereafter known as Scandpower).
8-4
OLGA Link 8-5
You will need an OLGA2000 Transient model for use with the
OLGA Link.
8-5
8-6 OLGA Link Usage
Figure 8.1
8-6
OLGA Link 8-7
Setup Tab
The Setup tab contains the options required to configure the
OLGA Link operation.
Connections Page
The Connections page is where you specify the HYSYS streams
which will flow into (Inlets) and out of (Outlets) the OLGA
pipeline model.
Figure 8.2
8-7
8-8 OLGA Link Usage
Objects Description
Top right corner display field Displays the version number of the
OLGA Link.
Name field Enables you to type in a new name
for the OLGA Link operation.
Trace Errors checkbox Enables you to send all Link
extension message dialogue boxes to
the HYSYS Trace Window (located at
the bottom right of your HYSYS
application).
This option is useful in Operator
Training applications, where you just
want the model to continue running
without user interaction to
acknowledge or OK the message
dialogue boxes.
Reference Stream drop-down list Enables you to select a HYSYS
stream which is used to calculate the
outlet composition of the non-drilling
mud portion of the outlet streams.
Mud Reference Stream drop-down Enables you to select a HYSYS
list stream which is used to calculate the
composition of the drilling mud
portion of the outlet streams.
Inlets Group
HYSYS Streams column Enables you to connect the HYSYS
stream(s) flowing into the OLGA
Link.
OLGA Source/Boundary column Enables you to type in the label of a
corresponding SOURCE or
BOUNDARY keyword from your OLGA
input file. Normally a SOURCE is
used.
Boundary checkbox Enables you to use a BOUNDARY
operation as an inlet, by selecting
this checkbox.
Outlets Group
HYSYS Streams column Enables you to connect the HYSYS
stream(s) flowing out from the OLGA
Link.
OLGA Boundary/Source column Enables you to type in the label of a
corresponding BOUNDARY or
SOURCE keyword from your OLGA
input file. Normally a BOUNDARY is
used.
8-8
OLGA Link 8-9
Objects Description
Source checkbox Enables you to use a SOURCE
operation as an outlet, by selecting
this checkbox.
(-1) checkbox Available for a special modeling
circumstance in OLGA. See Outlet (-
1) Checkboxes on page 40. for
details
Notes:
•The actual BOUNDARY or SOURCE label/name must exist in
the OLGA model before it can be connected to HYSYS.
•At least one Outlet connection is required, whereas an Inlet
is not mandatory if a Reference Stream is given.
•To remove a connection, just delete the HYSYS stream
entry.
•The BOUNDARY must be of TYPE = PRESSURE.
•The SOURCE in OLGA may not use the DIAMETER keyword
to model an integral valve; in other words, only a flow
specified SOURCE is acceptable. Use a VALVE equipment
operation in OLGA to obtain the same functionality.
•OLGA Sources that have the DRILLING_FLUID value defined
are referred to as Drilling Fluid Sources. Because Drilling
Fluid Sources behave differently in the OLGA model, these
sources cannot be connected as inlet or outlet streams. In
order to control behavior of Drilling Fluid Sources, refer to
the Dynamics tab | Drilling Fluid page.
See HYSYS Pressure- The two different types of streams are necessary since OLGA
Flow Network performs a simultaneous solution of all of its model variables
Considerations on
page 35. for more including the hydraulic flow and pressure variables, and HYSYS
information. also performs its own Pressure-Flow solution. The two models
You can also refer to and solutions are linked by passing pressure and flow values and
OLGALinkSample2 from
the tutorial for techniques
amount of change of pressure with respect to flow (or the
to best connect OLGA and inverse) back and forth.
HYSYS streams.
8-9
8-10 OLGA Link Usage
See Outlet The OLGA model does not calculate nor track individual
Compositions on component fractions. Instead, the model uses the assumption of
page 39. for more
information. fixed total composition. The Reference Stream is optional if you
have connected any inlets to the extension, but otherwise it is
mandatory and it is used to set all outlet compositions. If you do
not specify a Reference Stream, then the summation of all Inlets
at their respective flow rates will be used to infer the outlet
composition.
8-10
OLGA Link 8-11
Server Page
The Server page is where you define the communication details
with the OLGA software as well as details of the OLGA model you
want to use. Basically, the communication uses a TCP/IP
protocol to connect, on a designated port, to a computer that
will run OLGA.
Figure 8.3
8-11
8-12 OLGA Link Usage
Object Description
OLGA Host cell Enables you to specify the name of a computer
which will run the OLGA software.
If you are running the OLGA software on the same
machine that you will run HYSYS, just use the
name localhost. Do not enter the actual name of
you local machine or else the batch file that starts
OLGA will not work.
It might be advised to go to a DOS prompt at this
time and issue the following command:
C:\ ping OLGAHost
where OLGAHost is the name of the computer
you want to run OLGA on. You need to get an
affirmative reply back from this command telling
you that you can see this computer from the
HYSYS computer.
OLGA Executable cell Enables you to specify the name and location of
the OLGA executable that you want to run. This
should be something like:
disk:\path\olga2000-4.05.exe
The existence of this file is not checked until you
try to run using the Use Auto Connect or Use
Auto Start checkboxes. If you are not using
either of these checkboxes then this OLGA
Executable entry is not used. Additionally this
executive file needs to be accessible by the OLGA
Host machine and not necessarily the local HYSYS
PC. You can check where this file is located by
going to the OLGA PC and looking for an
OLGA_SERVERPATH environment variable. This
environment variable is setup by the ScandPower
install wizard.
Click the button to browse and select the OLGA
Server executable file.
See Registering OLGA OLGA Server cell The OLGA Server entry must correspond to the
Link on page 41. for first entry on a line of the SERVICES file. Typically,
further details on OLGA you just specify this as olga2000.
Server and OLGA Server OLGA Server Port cell The OLGA Server Port entry must correspond to
Port. the second entry on a line of the SERVICES file.
Typically, you just specify this as 16800.
Communication Enables you to specify the general timeout value
Timeout(s) cell for the initial Connection request as well as any
other messaging with the exception of
Initialization. The default value is 5 seconds.
The timeout value determines how long the
extension will wait for the communication to occur
between HYSYS and OLGA.
8-12
OLGA Link 8-13
Object Description
Initialization Enables you to specify the amount of time HYSYS
Timeout(s) cell will wait for OLGA to load its input file and initialize
(which means run its steady state preprocessor).
This initialization step may take seconds to even
minutes depending on the size and complexity of
the initialization.
OLGA Time Step Enables you to specify the amount of time HYSYS
Timeout(s) cell will wait for OLGA to complete its model
integration calculations; in other words, integrate
for the amount of time specified as the OLGA Run
Interval on the OLGA page.
The HYSYS case might pause at the start of its
new time step to ensure that OLGA has completed
its integration.
Connection Attempts Enables you to specify the number of times the
HYSYS and the OLGA Link will attempt to connect
to the OLGA server. This is useful for overcoming
latency issues when running the OLGA server on a
remote host.
Connect button Enables you to manually start the connection and
verification of the HYSYS and OLGA models.
Use Auto Connect Enables you to toggle between automatically or
checkbox manually invoking a batch file that will start the
OLGA Executable on the OLGA Host machine and
then connect the machine to the OLGA server.
Shutdown button Enables you to manually shutdown the OLGA
model and software. You are prompted to save the
OLGA model state first.
8-13
8-14 OLGA Link Usage
Object Description
OLGA Model Path cell Enables you to specify a directory path or location
of the OLGA input file (*.inp) and OLGA restart or
snapshot file.
The files, in their common defined path, need to
be accessible and visible from both the HYSYS PC
and OLGA PC. A Universal Naming Convention
(UNC) path reference with a given network share
name is advisable for the OLGA Path. For
example:
\\dsslawek\c_drive
Click the button to browse and specify the
directory path or location of the OLGA files.
OLGA Input File cell Enables you to specify the name of the OLGA input
file (*.inp).
Click the button to browse and select the OLGA
input file.
Snapshot File cell (Optional) Enables you to specify the name of an
OLGA restart or snapshot file.
Click the button to browse and select the OLGA
restart or snapshot file.
Load Input File button Enables you to start up OLGA one step at a time
by loading the selected Input file.
Load Snapshot button Enables you to start up OLGA one step at a time
by loading the selected Snapshot file.
Notes:
•If you reference a specific disk drive and directory, then
this disk and directory must be referenced and seen the
same way on both the HYSYS PC and the OLGA PC; this is
why a UNC name is preferred. For example, both machines
may have a D: drive which would cause confusion.
•If the OLGA input file has dependencies on other OLGA files
(such as *.tab files), they need to be located in the
specified directory as well.
•When you save the HYSYS case, an OLGA snapshot file is
also saved and the corresponding Snapshot File entry is
changed. When you reload your HYSYS case at a later time,
the appropriate OLGA model snapshot is already referenced
and ready to be loaded.
8-14
OLGA Link 8-15
Object Description
Use Auto Start Enables you to automatically or fully initialize the
checkbox connection and verification between HYSYS and
OLGA when the HYSYS Integrator has started.
*Load Snap Shot Enables you to automatically load the selected
checkbox Snapshot file.
Notes
•If you are using the *Load Snap Shot checkbox option,
make sure the Snapshot File entry is not be blank.
•You cannot use the *Load Snap Shot option the first time
you run because an OLGA snapshot restart file does not
exist.
After the necessary data is entered for the Link extension, the
HYSYS model would be ready to connect to and verify with the
OLGA model. The easiest way to do this is to use the Use Auto
Start checkbox. All you need to do is start the integrator in
HYSYS. This will connect to the OLGA server, load the input file,
initialize, load the snapshot (if selected) and then start
integrating.
You can put the HYSYS Integrator in manual mode first if you do
not want to take any timesteps until you confirm that OLGA
starts up correctly. With the Auto Start feature, you can also
chose to automatically load the snapshot file specified. This is
the recommended way of starting and synchronizing the HYSYS
and OLGA systems.
If you want to start up OLGA one step at a time, you can also
use the Connect, Load Input File, and Load Snapshot File
buttons as an alternative to the Auto Start feature.
8-15
8-16 OLGA Link Usage
Caution: If you did not select the Use Auto Start checkbox,
make sure you start the OLGA exe manually from the
directory where your OLGA Input files all reside. This is a
requirement of the OLGA server.
When both Use Auto After a successful connection is established, click the Load
Start and Load Input File button to have the OLGA server read and process the
Snapshot are selected,
the system starts up OLGA model file. If the file does not load, check the name and
faster since OLGA is not locations of the file or use the stand-alone version of OLGA to
requested to go through
determine if there are any errors in the input files.
its initialization step. The
initialization step can take
anywhere from seconds
to over a minute You can click the Load Snapshot button at any time during
depending on the case your simulation, although it does mean that you are
and the calculations resetting the OLGA model to a prior state; this should be
required for the steady done with care as it may induce bumps in the integrated
state initialization. model.
Controllers Page
The Controllers page enables you to control any predefined
8-16
OLGA Link 8-17
Figure 8.4
8-17
8-18 OLGA Link Usage
Components Page
The Components page provides comparative information about
the components in both OLGA and HYSYS. The Compositional
Tracking group shows whether the Compositional Tracking is on
and the number of components counted in both OLGA and
HYSYS. The component table matches the names of the OLGA
components with the names of the HYSYS components.
Notes Page
The Notes page provides a text editor where you can record any
comments or information regarding the specific unit operation or
the simulation case in general.
Figure 8.5
8-18
OLGA Link 8-19
Notes
•The information you enter in the Notes tab or page of any
operations can also be viewed from the Notes Manager
property view.
•The date and time when you last modified the information
in the text field will appear below your comments.
8-19
8-20 OLGA Link Usage
case.
Figure 8.6
View/Add/Edit Notes:
To view, add, or edit notes for an object, select the object in the
List of Objects group. Existing object notes appear in the Note
group.
• To add a note, type the text in the Note group. A time
and date stamp appears automatically.
• To format note text, use the text tools in the Note group
tool bar. You can also insert graphics and other objects.
Tip: Click the Plus icon to • Click the Clear button to delete the entire note for the
expand the tree browser. selected object. Click the View button to open the
property view for the selected object.
Search Notes:
8-20
OLGA Link 8-21
8-21
8-22 OLGA Link Usage
Dynamics Tab
The Dynamics tab contains options to modify the calculation
process in Dynamics mode.
Figure 8.7
8-22
OLGA Link 8-23
Object Description
Ignore OLGA checkbox Enables you to run the HYSYS model without
OLGA being connected or simulating. This feature
will copy the (mixed) inlet(s)/reference stream
conditions to each outlet stream as if the pipeline
had reached steady operation.
The outlet streams will have their pressure and
flow calculated and/or set by the HYSYS model,
including any PF specifications that you might
want to turn on. The inlet streams will also need to
have their pressure (and/or flow) set/calculated
within HYSYS.
The OLGA model, in this state, will not dictate any
flows or pressures at the connected streams. To
use this feature, which can be useful when you
just want to focus on the HYSYS process model
considerations, make sure that your HYSYS model
is complete and then simply select this checkbox
and start the Integrator.
Run OLGA button Enables you to run the OLGA model without the
HYSYS model integrating.
First you would enter an OLGA End Time in the
matrix entry and then click this button to run to
that desired time. While OLGA is performing its
calculations (which may take some time
depending on the End Time you specified), you
can still interact with your HYSYS case, but you
cannot interact any further with the OLGA model
until the Current OLGA Simulation Time
updates to equal the OLGA End Time (indicating
OLGA has completed).
Any HYSYS Inlet and Outlet streams will have their
relevant stream data sent over to the OLGA
simulation first and upon completion of the OLGA
run, the HYSYS streams are again updated with
the OLGA output information. This feature can be
useful to allow OLGA to run out at its high
computational speeds (using larger time steps)
and solved to a steady operation.
For more information on Log All Communication Enables you to activate the option to place all
communication messages, checkbox communication messages between HYSYS and
refer to chapter OLGA to a log file.
Troubleshooting.
More details on P-F Write P-F Equations Enables you to use the derivatives from the OLGA
equations can be checkbox simulation which in turn allows the HYSYS
obtained in chapter OLGA pressure-flow solver to predict how the OLGA
Link Reference. simulation may be changing.
It is recommended to select this checkbox,
because the feature makes for a more robust,
accurate, and tightly integrated simulation
solution approach.
8-23
8-24 OLGA Link Usage
Object Description
Sync Olga to HYSYS Enables you to set the OLGA simulation time to
radio button the HYSYS model time when the HYSYS Integrator
is started.
Typically you would set the OLGA simulation time
to that of the HYSYS model.
Sync HYSYS to Olga Enables you to alternatively set the HYSYS
radio button simulation time to the OLGA model time when the
HYSYS Integrator is started.
If you have some OLGA time dependent behavior
(from your *.inp file and the time series that may
be entered), then you might want to preserve the
OLGA simulation time from a restart/snapshot file.
Current OLGA Displays the current OLGA simulation time.
Simulation Time cell The HYSYS simulation time can be seen by
pressing CTRL I while within HYSYS (this brings up
the Integrator property view).
OLGA Planned Time Displays the OLGA calculated time step value. This
Step cell indicates the integration step size that OLGA
foresees taking the next time it is requested to
integrate ahead in time. This value is limited by
the OLGA *.inp keyword INTEGRATION and the
sub-keys MAXDT and MINDT.
OLGA Run Interval cell Enables you to specify the time value for the OLGA
Run Interval.
OLGA End Time cell Enables you to specify the end time for the
simulation when running the OLGA in a standalone
mode.
The value is only used with the Run OLGA button.
When the Planned Time Step is greater than the OLGA Run
Interval, this indicates that OLGA believes it can take longer
time steps without losing accuracy. If the Planned Time Step is
less than the user specified Run Interval, then OLGA is taking
more than one integration step each time it is requested to
integrate ahead.
The difference between the Planned Time Step and the OLGA
Run Interval is important since it indicates that you could speed
up your overall rate of simulation/integration. However, OLGA
and HYSYS do not communicate for the complete Run Interval
time and if something does change discreetly in the HYSYS
model, the OLGA model will not see this change until the start of
8-24
OLGA Link 8-25
Figure 8.8
8-25
8-26 OLGA Link Usage
Wells Page
The Wells page allows viewing or manipulation of the properties
of selected OLGA WELL keyword entries. The table is
automatically populated with all WELL keyword entries upon
loading of the OLGA input (.inp) file.
Figure 8.9
When any of the values in the Wells Page tables is changed, the
new value is sent to OLGA prior to the next time step.
8-26
OLGA Link 8-27
Figure 8.10
Pigging Page
The Pigging page allows you to interact with the OLGA
simulation. At this time, the user can either invoke the SHUTIN
8-27
8-28 OLGA Link Usage
Figure 8.11
Object Description
Plug Label column Enables you to launch a predefined plug from the
OLGA *.inp model.
This feature does not support the Advanced Plug/
Pig Tracking Module of OLGA but just the standard
PLUG keyword.
Activate column Enables you to toggle between activating or
deactivating the predefined plugs by selecting the
appropriate checkboxes.
Shut In checkbox Enables you to force the OLGA model to its
SHUTIN mode of simulation.
This option is also saved with the case and
activated the next time you load your integrated
model. Please refer to OLGA documentation for
more details of this feature.
8-28
OLGA Link 8-29
Figure 8.12
Performance Tab
The Performance tab displays the calculated results and
performance values of the OLGA Link.
8-29
8-30 OLGA Link Usage
Trends page
The Trends page allows you to receive the results of the OLGA
simulation within the pipe network. Essentially, all OLGA output
variables are available that would normally be available for
Trending with the standalone OLGA2000 software. The trends
are a single variable value (from a certain location within the
piping system) as a function of time.
Figure 8.13
8-30
OLGA Link 8-31
Profiles Page
A profile is a series of variable values from each computational
volume or boundary in a BRANCH. Branches must be pre-
8-31
8-32 OLGA Link Usage
Figure 8.14
Profiles are added and removed the same way the trends are.
The value of the variable will be retrieved from OLGA in the units
that OLGA responds in.
3. After you select a particular variable, you will see the Type
column change to tell you what type of OLGA variable you
have selected.
4. Select the appropriate checkbox in the Plot column.
8-32
OLGA Link 8-33
Figure 8.15
8-33
8-34 OLGA Link Reference
After HYSYS has told OLGA to run for the Run Interval, and with
the start of the next HYSYS integration step, HYSYS will check to
see if OLGA has completed integration to the time specified by
8-34
OLGA Link 8-35
8-35
8-36 OLGA Link Reference
where:
8-36
OLGA Link 8-37
See Server Page on Use the Load Snapshot checkbox feature of the Auto Start
page 11. for more
feature to always load the integrated model in a synchronized
information Load
Snapshot checkbox. state.
The time period that OLGA will go away and run for is the OLGA
Run Interval (which is always an integer multiple of the HYSYS
Step Size). OLGA may integrate over this time period in one or
more time steps, but in every case it will stop precisely at the
end of its run interval.
8-37
8-38 OLGA Link Reference
For example, OLGA was told to go away and run for 3 seconds,
and the HYSYS Step Size is the default 0.5 seconds. HYSYS is
ready to continue integrating from 0.5 up to 1 second, and then
from 1 to 1.5 seconds, and so on. The OLGA values are returned
to HYSYS at the 0.5 second HYSYS time, however OLGA has
already completed simulating for a full 3 seconds before the
values are returned. So the OLGA values are further in the
future of where HYSYS wants to simulate to. Hence the need to
linearly interpolate in time, the effective OLGA boundary flows
and pressures.
8-38
OLGA Link 8-39
The Link extension relies on the fact that any water phase
needs to be in the third phase slot of the HYSYS stream.
While this is usually the case, it is not always true and may
not be if your oil has a higher specific gravity than water.
Check your inlet and outlet streams to ensure that the third
phase slot is occupied by water. If not, then you will have to
use the Phase Order tab from the Fluid Package property
view within the Basis Environment of HYSYS and select the
Use User Specified Primary Components radio button.
Due to the fact that the OLGA model does not track
compositions, it is best to use one OLGA Link instance to model
a single contiguous network or flow path. Separate networks
with entirely different compositions should be modeled with
separate OLGA Link extensions and hence separate Reference
Streams.
8-39
8-40 OLGA Link Reference
Figure 8.16
Figure 8.17
8-40
OLGA Link 8-41
8.4 Troubleshooting
8.4.1 Known Problems
The OLGA Server does not always consistently handle the case
of labels. To avoid problems, it is recommended that you always
use upper case for all labels both within the extension and in the
*.inp file.
8-41
8-42 Troubleshooting
Figure 8.18
8-42
OLGA Link 8-43
At the bottom of the file you may have to add new lines with a
unique name and unique port number for any further TCP/IP
ports that you may want to connect to for multiple instances of
the extension.
olga2000 16800/tcp
olga2000a 16801/tcp
The name of the *.rhosts file does begin with a dot or period
character and it has no extension.
8-43
8-44 Troubleshooting
For example,
jreeves18.aeathtl.com.
If you are uncertain of your domain name, just try the MSDOS
ping command from a DOS prompt. For example, at the C:\
prompt type:
ping jreeves18
Typically, you can enter two lines - one with the computer name
with no domain and the second with the full computer and
domain name. Once you change this file you will need to reboot
your computer or just manually stop and re-start the RSH
Daemon service (rshd.exe) from the Services panel.
Jreeves18 System
Jreeves18.aeathtl.com System
MyComputer.myDomain.com System
8-44
OLGA Link 8-45
For situations where phase slip occurs in the OLGA model to the
point at which one phase is flowing in the opposite direction, the
total mass flow is preserved and maintained between the two
models. For the purposes of updating an Outlets composition,
however, the phase(s) with negative flow is discarded and so
strictly speaking, the model will not be maintaining a component
material balance.
8-45
8-46 Troubleshooting
8.4.5 Errors
The HYSYS-OLGA Link will report a number of different types of
errors if problems are experienced. You have the option of
reporting the errors to the HYSYS Trace window or having the
errors appear as a message dialogue box that has to be
acknowledged. You can change this behavior via the Trace
Errors checkbox on the Connections page of the Setup tab.
8-46
OLGA Link 8-47
See OLGA Control Page To see these warning messages, you need to use the Log
on page 22. for more All Communication checkbox and view the special
information on the Log HYSYS trace log file. These error messages should be
All Communication
reviewed in conjunction with your OLGA documentation
checkbox.
and perhaps running the OLGA model standalone
through the same operating scenario.
• If a message is preceded with the words METHOD - then
this indicates that Visual Basic has experienced an
exception in the extension code. The Link was written to
be as robust as possible and the VB code will just report
this exception with its associated error message and then
carry on.
8-47
8-48 Troubleshooting
Refer to Chapter 11 - Each time the Integrator is started in HYSYS, two new Process
Simulation Tools of the
HYSYS User Guide for
Data Tables are constructed for each link extension, one for
more information. inputs into the OLGA server and one to receive outputs from
OLGA. To view these tables select the Databook command in
the Tools menu of HYSYS (or press CTRL D).
Hence, you can just use any pre-existing *.rsw file to initialize
the Link. You will, however, have to rename the extension to
8-48
OLGA Link 8-49
*.snp. You also need to ensure that the restart file being loaded
is sufficiently compatible with the state of the HYSYS model to
prevent errors or to at least allow the simulation to integrate
successfully.
Before you begin, make sure that you have installed both
OLGA2000 and HYSYS on the same or separate machines. Verify
that you have the HYSYS-OLGA Link extension installed and
properly registered on the machine that HYSYS is installed on.
For the purposes of this exercise, we will use an existing OLGA
model, process-test.inp, which can be found in the
Sample1\OLGA files directory where the OLGA Link was
installed. If these conditions are satisfied open HYSYS and
create a new simulation case.
8-49
8-50 Getting Started Example
8-50
OLGA Link 8-51
Connections
1. Switch back to your HYSYS case.
2. From the Flowsheet menu select Add Operation or press
F12.
3. In the UnitOps property view, select the Extensions radio
button and select the HYSYS-OLGA Link from the list of
available extensions.
4. Click the Add button to add OLGA Link to the flowsheet. The
OLGA Link property view appears.
5. On the Connections page of the Setup tab, connect the
stream Feed to the Inlets group and change the OLGA
Source label to INLET1.
6. Type Product in the HYSYS Stream column of the Outlets
group to create and connect an outlet stream. Change the
OLGA Boundary label to OUTLET.
7. Open the Product stream property view and click the
Define From Other Stream button. Initialize this stream
from the Feed stream.
8. Switch the mode from Steady State to Dynamics.
9. Click No to the message dialog box regarding the Dynamics
Assistant.
Server Details
1. In the OLGA Link property view, select the Server page of
the Setup tab.
2. At this point take note of the directory locations of the OLGA
executable, the name of the machine where OLGA is
installed and the name of the communication port that was
setup in your system SERVICES file.
3. Enter the name of the machine where OLGA is installed in
the OLGA Host field.
4. Enter the path to the OLGA EXE on the host machine.
5. Enter the name of the service under which the OLGA server
will be started. On installation OLGA edits the SERVICES file
and will call the service olga2000. Verify this in the
SERVICES file.
6. Enter the number of the port on which the OLGA server will
be started. This is also found in the SERVICES file.
8-51
8-52 Getting Started Example
Dynamic Specifications
The OLGA model is calculating the pressure at a SOURCE
location and the phase Mass flows at a BOUNDARY location. The
dynamic specifications in HYSYS should coincide with this,
therefore the inlet stream should have an activated Flow
specification (because OLGA will be calculating pressure) and
the outlet stream should have an activated Pressure
specification. Since we are going to be using the Write P-F
Equations checkbox feature, you could also specify pressure at
the inlet and flow at the outlet, but you would be reliant on the
OLGA derivatives to relate the pressure and flow variables.
1. Open the OLGA Link property view, select the PF Specs
page of the Worksheet tab.
2. Activate the Flow spec of the stream Feed and change the
flow type to Mass Flow. Deactivate the Pressure spec.
3. Specify a mass flow value of 57,600 kg/hr.
4. Activate the Pressure spec of the stream Product and
specify a value of 5,000 kPa. Deactivate the Flow spec.
Initial Conditions
It is important to initialize the streams in HYSYS with values that
correspond to the conditions given in the OLGA input file. If
these conditions do not match then the results out of the OLGA
model may not be what was expected and the model may
become unstable.
1. Open the process-test.inp file in OLGA2000 and view the
SOURCE and BOUNDARY data for each stream connected to
the OLGA link extension.
2. Remember the conditions given at these locations.
8-52
OLGA Link 8-53
You may want to save the HYSYS case at this point as we are
now ready to connect to the OLGA server and run the
simulation.
OLGA Server
The HYSYS case is now properly setup to run the integrated
simulation. At this point it is necessary to start the OLGA server,
connect to it and load the input file.
1. Open the OLGA Link property view in HYSYS.
2. On the Server page of the Setup tab, click the Connect
button to link up the extension with the OLGA server.
If this fails an error will be reported and the status bar will
indicate that the server is not connected. Make sure that the
Use Auto Connect checkbox is selected.
3. Check that the OLGA Model Path and OLGA Input File name
are entered correctly, and click the Load Input File button.
4. The OLGA server will attempt to load the file and initialize
the server. If this is successful the status bar will read OK.
Integrating
The OLGA server has successfully loaded the input file and
initialized. Providing that the dynamic specifications are correct,
the model is ready to be run.
1. In HYSYS, start the integrator from the Integrator property
view or by clicking the Solver Active icon on the tool bar.
Solver Active icon It is recommended that initially, you put the HYSYS
Integrator in manual mode and then click the Solver Active
icon. This action will only start the integrator but not take
any steps. Next, you can take a few manual steps and see
how the model simulates. If there are problems with your
OLGA Link extension HYSYS will fail to initialize and a
warning will appear.
8-53
8-54 Getting Started Example
To see the variables that are being input to and retrieved from
the OLGA server, view the process data tables.
3. In the Tools menu select the Databook command.
4. On the Databook property view, click the Process Data
Table tab.
5. In the list of tables you will find an input and an output table
for each OLGA link extension in the flowsheet. Check that
these are the variables that you expect to be transferred to
and from OLGA.
Snapshots
You may want to save both the OLGA model and the HYSYS case
at a certain point in time.
When you save the HYSYS case a snapshot file will be saved
with the name specified on the Server page of the Setup tab
from the OLGA Link property view. This file name is
automatically updated by appending a date and time to the file
name, this keeps the file name unique.
8-54
OLGA Link 8-55
techniques.
Model Description
The case is called OLGALinkSample2.hsc. You will find that this
OLGA model has a BOUNDARY connection to node TOPSIDE and
a SOURCE connection for material outflow which is connected to
TOPSIDESOURCE. Both of these Outlets flowing into HYSYS are
taken from the end of a pipeline in OLGA (see the file
OLGALinkSampe2.inp). The BOUNDARY connection has an
isolation valve between the final section of the pipeline and
HYSYS, whereas the SOURCE does not.
8-55
8-56 Getting Started Example
8-56
OLGA Link 8-57
8-57
8-58 Getting Started Example
8-58
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-1
9.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2
9.1.1 Installing PVT Pro Package......................................................... 2
9-1
9-2 Introduction
9.1 Introduction
DBR PVT Pro is an equation-of-state based program that is
specially designed for petroleum engineers and laboratory
technical personnel for simulating standard PVT laboratory
measurements and evaluating gas miscibility with reservoir
fluids.
This chapter describes the use of PVT Pro property package with
HYSYS Upstream (a product of Aspen Technology Inc.) and the
configuration procedures in PVT Pro environment.
9-2
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-3
Figure 9.1
9-3
9-4 PVT Pro Package
Figure 9.2
9-4
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-5
5. Click the Launch Engine button to launch the DBR PVT Pro
GUI.
Figure 9.3
9-5
9-6 PVT Pro Package
Figure 9.4
The Create New PVT Pro Project view consists of four tabs:
• General Setting
• Component/Sample Selection
• Project Settings
• Description
9-6
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-7
Figure 9.5
9-7
9-8 PVT Pro Package
Figure 9.6
9-8
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-9
Description Tab
The Description tab provides a text editor that allows you to
record any comments or information regarding the project or
the fluid sample in general.
9-9
9-10 PVT Pro Package
Figure 9.7
Toolbar
Worksheet
Function Explorer
The Function Explorer pane resembles a Windows directory in
which you can click on the corresponding item in the directory to
access a desired function window.
9-10
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-11
Fluid Compositions
The Fluid Compositions function consists of three sub-functions:
• Reservoir Compositions
• Contamination Study
• Stream Operation
Reservoir Compositions
The Reservoir Compositions function window allows you to
specify the molecular weight, standard density, and composition
for each component.
Figure 9.8
9-11
9-12 PVT Pro Package
In the Data Type group, you have the option to specify the
sample to be a Reservoir Fluid or Sep. Gas & Sep. Oil.
If the Sep. Gas & Sep. Oil option is selected, the Recombine
Fluid button becomes available. There are two types of fluid
recombination: GOR Recombination and Bubble/Dew Point
Recombination.
9-12
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-13
GOR Recombination
Figure 9.9
9-13
9-14 PVT Pro Package
Contamination
Oil based drilling mud is widely used in offshore drilling
applications. The use of mud can cause major difficulties in
collecting high quality fluid samples because the mud could
affect key fluid properties such as the cloud point, saturation
pressure, and gas-oil ratio. Since accurate reservoir fluid
properties are needed in reservoir development, it is highly
beneficial to determine accurate compositions and phase
behaviours of reservoir fluids from contaminated samples.
9-14
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-15
Select the five steps from the drop-down list or use the Previous
and Next button to navigate the corresponding view of each
step. Specify the required information as you proceed. The five
steps are discussed in the following sections.
9-15
9-16 PVT Pro Package
Figure 9.11
9-16
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-17
The window below indicates that the reservoir fluid was only
slight contaminated with drilling mud (i.e. < 0.5 mol%).
Figure 9.12
9-17
9-18 PVT Pro Package
Figure 9.13
9-18
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-19
9-19
9-20 PVT Pro Package
To tune the EOS model with any experimental data done on the
contaminated reservoir fluid.
Under Sample 2, clone sample 1. This will clone all the tuning
done and experimental data etc. Set the pseudo mud
component(s) to zero and recalculate the PVT tests to find the
uncontaminated phase behaviour and fluid properties. Do not
re-characterize the fluid. Rerun the calculations to obtain
uncontaminated reservoir fluid properties.
Solvent Composition
To enter solvent compositions:
1. Select Stream Operation from the Function Explorer.
2. On the Stream Compositions tab, click on the MW cell for
Solvent.
3. Enter a composition.
4. Repeat step 2 and 3 for Dry Gas and NGL.
5. If desired, right-click on the units under the stream and
select Normalize to normalize the compositions.
6. To combine the streams, click the Stream Mixing button.
7. Select the Input Streams and the Result Stream from the
drop-down list.
8. Click on the Save Stream to CompBANK button to save
the stream to CompBANK.
9. In the Save Current Stream to CompBANK view, enter the
Stream name.
9-20
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-21
PVT Pro provides a wizard to guide the user through the tuning
process. Model tuning is achieved by using a multi-variable
regression package to fit one or more of the following
experimental data:
• Saturation Pressures
• PVT Tests
• Saturation Pressures and PVT Tests
• Viscosities
ci
T ci, P ci, ---- , K g and α (9.1)
bi
• Saturation Pressures
The interaction coefficients are estimated using the
following equation:
1 1 1 1 α
⎛ --6- --6- ⎞ ⎛ --3- --3- ⎞
K ij = 1 – ⎜ 2V ci V cj⎟ ⁄ ⎜ V ci V cj⎟ (9.2)
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
9-21
9-22 PVT Pro Package
• PVT Tests
Adjust Volume Translation Parameters
- For light components (MW<90)
The volume translation is calculated as follows:
c
----i = 0.4672ω i – 0.1547 (9.3)
bi
0 PR exp (9.4)
ci = V –V
0
c ci
----i = const ( 1 ) ⋅ ----- + const ( 2 ) (9.5)
bi 0
b i
• Viscosities
Select whether to adjust viscosity coefficients Cvisc,i
visc
T ci = C visc, i T ci (9.6)
9-22
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-23
9-23
9-24 PVT Pro Package
9-24
PVT Pro for HYSYS Upstream 9-25
10. Enter Iteration Limit and Error Tolerance then click Start
Sensitivity Analysis.
11. Click Next to proceed to the Modify Sensitivity Analysis
step. Modify as desired.
12. Click Next to proceed to the Do Model Tuning Now step.
Enter the Iteration Limit and Error Tolerance, then click
Start Model Tuning.
13. Click Next to display Model Tuning Results.
14. Click Save & Close to exit the result dialog.
You must have a HYSYS Upstream license to read the case the
first time. Once you have viewed the case, you can close it and
reopen it without a license.
9-25
9-26 View Calsep PVTSim File
HYSYS will read the text file and create a Fluid Package with the
appropriate components, method and interaction parameters. A stream
will be created with the compositions given in the text file (if present) and
the user will be put into the Flowsheet Environment.
9-26
Production Allocation Utility 10-1
10 Production Allocation
Utility
10.1 Introduction................................................................................. 2
10-1
10-2 Introduction
10.1 Introduction
The Production Allocation Utility enables you to track the
contribution of selected streams to other down flowsheet
streams. The contribution is tracked on a compositional flow or
percentage basis.
10-2
Production Allocation Utility 10-3
Object Description
Flowsheet list Enables you to select the flowsheet containing the
streams you want to track.
Available Enables you to select the streams available in the
Streams list selected flowsheet.
Selected Streams Displays the list of streams you have added into the
list Production Allocation utility.
Add button Enables you to add the selected stream (in the
Available Streams list) into the Production Allocation
utility for tracking.
Remove button Enables you to remove the selected stream (in the
Selected Streams list) from the Production Allocation
utility.
10-3
10-4 Production Allocation Utility
Figure 10.1
Object Description
Flowsheet list Enables you to select the flowsheet containing the
stream you want to view.
Available Streams Enables you to select a stream available in the
list selected flowsheet.
Selected Report Displays the contribution (component or percent
Stream table flow rate) from the added streams to the selected
stream.
Basis group Contains radio buttons that enables you to select
the basis of the contribution flow rate.
The types of basis available are: Molar, Mass,
Volume, and Flow Percent.
10-4
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-1
A.2 References................................................................................... 26
A-1
A-2 Neotec Black Oil Methods and
Correlations Data
Standing (1947) Correlation Based on 22 California crude oil-gas
for Rs and Bo systems.
Lasater (1958) Correlation Developed using 158 data from 137
for Rs crude-oils from Canada, Western and
mid-continent USA, and South America.
Vasquez and Beggs (1977) Based on 6004 data. Developed using
Correlations for Rs and Bo data from Mid-West and California
crudes.
Glaso (1980) Correlations For volatile and non-volatile oils.
for Rs and Bo Developed using data from North Sea
crudes.
Al-Marhoun (1985, 1988, Based on data from Saudi crude oils and
1992) Correlations for Rs Middle East reservoirs.
and Bo
Abdul-Majeed and Salman Based on 420 data points from 119 crude
(1988) Correlation for Bo oil-gas systems, primarily from Middle
East reservoirs.
Dokla and Osman (1992) Based on 51 bottomhole samples taken
Correlations for Rs and Bo from UAE reservoirs.
Petrosky and Farshad (1993) Based on 81 oil samples from reservoirs
Correlations for Rs and Bo in the Gulf of Mexico.
A-2
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-3
A.1.1 Terminology
Before we discuss the PVT behaviour and transport property
procedures, you should be familiar with the following terms:
• Stock Tank Conditions
• Produced Gas Oil Ratio
• Solution Gas Oil Ratio
• Viscosity of Heavy Oil/Condensate Blends
• Specific Enthalpies for Gases and Liquids
• Oil-Water Emulsions
A-3
A-4 Neotec Black Oil Methods and
CA ( 1 – CA )
μm = μA × μB (A.1)
where:
μ m = viscosity of the blended stream
μ A = viscosity of liquid A
μ B = viscosity of liquid B
μA
------ > 20
For cases where μ B , it is recommended by Shu (1984) that
another correlation should be used to calculate the viscosity of
the mixture assuming that liquid A is the heavier and more
viscous fluid than liquid B.
XA ( 1 – XA )
μm = μA × μB (A.2)
where:
αC A
X A = -----------------------
- (A.3)
αC A + C B
A-4
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-5
100 b
μ = a ⋅ ⎛⎝ ---------------------------⎞⎠ (A.5)
1.8 ⋅ T + 32
where:
T = temperature, °C
a, b = fitted constants
Liquid a b
Oil A 849.0 3.07
Oil B 370.0 2.62
Condensate 0.28 0.44
A-5
A-6 Neotec Black Oil Methods and
A-6
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-7
Equation 1.4
Temp Blend μmeas
Oil μcalc error
(°C) (% crude) (mPa.s)
(mPa.s) (%)
B 0 90 744 817 9.8
B 0 80 147 157 6.8
B 0 70 45 43 -4.4
B 5 90 516 529 2.5
B 5 80 112 115 2.7
B 5 70 37 34 -8.1
B 10 90 396 371 -6.3
B 10 80 87 90 3.4
B 10 70 29 28 -3.4
A-7
A-8 Neotec Black Oil Methods and
Undefined Gases
For undefined single phase gases, where only the gravity is
known, the specific enthalpy is determined by assuming the gas
to be a binary mixture of the first two normal hydrocarbon gases
whose gravities span that of the unknown gas. The mole
fractions are selected such that the gravity of the binary mixture
is identical to that of the unknown gas of interest.
A-8
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-9
Undefined Liquids
Undefined hydrocarbon liquids are characterized only by a
specific or API gravity, and possibly also the Watson K factor.
They are also referred to as “black oils”, and the specific
enthalpy is computed using the specific heat capacity calculated
using the correlation of Watson and Nelson (1933):
Cp = A1 × [ A2 + ( A3 T ) ] (A.6)
where:
T = temperature, °F
A 1 = 0.055K + 0.35
A 2 = 0.6811 – 0.308γ o (A.7)
A 3 = 0.000815 – 0.000306γ o
where:
1⁄3
TB
K = Watson K factor = ----------
-
So
So = specific gravity of the oil
H = ∫ Cp ( T ) dT (A.8)
To
A-9
A-10 Neotec Black Oil Methods and
H P, T = H o + 0.0038 × ( P – 15 ) (A.9)
P ,T
where:
P = pressure, psia
Figure A.1, Figure A.2, and Figure A.3 show the comparison
between specific enthalpies calculated using the Peng Robinson
equation of state and those computed using Equation (A.9) for
16.5, 31.9, and 40.5° API oils, respectively. For comparison
purposes, HPo,T was taken to be the value computed by the Peng
Robinson equations of state at 15 psia.
A-10
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-11
Figure A.1
Figure A.2
A-11
A-12 Neotec Black Oil Methods and
Figure A.3
Oil-Water Emulsions
The rheological behaviour of emulsions may be non-Newtonian
and is often very complex. Generalized methods for predicting
transport properties are limited because of the wide variation in
observed properties for apparently similar fluids. It is usually the
case with non-Newtonian fluids that some laboratory data or
other experimental observations are required to provide a basis
for selecting or tuning transport property prediction methods.
A-12
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-13
The volumetric flow rate of this assumed phase is the sum of the
oil and water volumetric flow rates,
Qe = Qo + Qw (A.10)
where:
The water volume fraction in the emulsion, Cw, is thus given by,
Qw
C w = -------------------- (A.11)
Qo + Qw
ρe = ρw Cw + ρo ( 1 – Cw ) (A.12)
where:
A-13
A-14 Neotec Black Oil Methods and
μe = Fe μo (A.13)
where:
2
F e = 1.0 + 2.5C w + 14.1C w (A.14)
A-14
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-15
The two relationships are virtually identical for Cw < 0.4, but
diverge rapidly at higher values of Cw.
Figure A.4
2
F e = 1.0 + 2.5C d + 14.1C d (A.15)
where:
A-15
A-16 Neotec Black Oil Methods and
μe = Fe μw (A.16)
where:
Fe = 1.0 + 2.5(1-Cw)+14.1(1-Cw)2
Figure A.5
A-16
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-17
Figure A.6
A-17
A-18 Neotec Black Oil Methods and
Solution GOR
The solution gas oil ratio, Rs, is the amount of gas that is
assumed to be dissolved in the oil at a given pressure and
temperature. Typical units are scf/stb or m3 at s.c./m3 at s.c.
A-18
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-19
Oil FVF
The Oil Formation Volume Factor is the ratio of the liquid volume
at stock tank conditions to that at reservoir conditions.
You can select one of the following methods to calculate the Oil
FVF:
• Standing
• Vasquez Beggs
• Glaso
• Al Marhoun (1985),
• Al Marhoun (Middle East OIls)
• Al Marhoun (1992)
• Abdul-Majeed and Salman
• Petrosky and Farshad
• Dolka and Osman
A-19
A-20 Neotec Black Oil Methods and
A-20
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-21
Gas Viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow of or through a
medium. As a gas is heated, the molecules' movement increases
and the probability that one gas molecule will interact with
another increases. This translates into an increase in
intermolecular activity and attractive forces. The viscosity of a
gas is caused by a transfer of momentum between stationary
and moving molecules. As temperature increases, molecules
collide more often and transfer a greater amount of their
momentum. This increases the viscosity.
A-21
A-22 Neotec Black Oil Methods and
A-22
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-23
100 SLP
μ do = CEPT ⎛ ---------⎞ (A.17)
⎝ T ⎠
where:
T = oil temperature, °F
where:
Z = νdo + 0.7
T = oil temperature, °F
A-23
A-24 Neotec Black Oil Methods and
μ do
ν do = -------
- (A.19)
ρo
where:
1.8B
ν do = Aexp ⎛ ------------------⎞ (A.20)
⎝ T + 460⎠
where:
Watson K Factor
You can choose to specify the Watson K Factor, or you can have
HYSYS calculate the Watson K Factor. The default option is
Specify.
1⁄3
TB
K = ----------
- (A.21)
SG o
where:
K = Watson K factor
TTB = normal average boiling point for the crude oil or crude
oil fraction, °R
A-24
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-25
1⁄3
K = [----------------------------------------------------------------
0.5 ( 284 + 482 ) + 460 ] -
0.7966 (A.22)
= 11.86
Surface Tension
Surface tension is the measure of attraction between the surface
molecules of a liquid. In porous medium systems (i.e. oil
reservoirs), surface tension is an important parameter in the
estimation of recoverable reserves because of its effect on
residual saturations. On the other hand, most correlations and
models for predicting two phase flow phenomena in pipelines
are relatively insensitive to surface tension, and one can
generally use an average value for calculation purposes.
Calculations for wells have a somewhat stronger dependence on
surface tension, in that this property can be important in
predicting bubble and droplet sizes (maximum stable droplet
size increases as surface tension increases), which in turn, can
significantly influence the calculated pressure drop. Even then,
however, surface tension typically appears in the equations
raised to only about the ¼ power.
A-25
A-26 References
A.2 References
1
Abbot, M. M., Kaufmann, T. G., and Domash, L., "A Correlation for
Predicting Liquid Viscosities of Petro-leum Fractions", Can. J. Chem.
Eng., Vol. 49, p. 379, June (1971).
2
Abdul-Majeed, G. H., and Salman, N. H., "An Empirical Correlation for
Oil FVF Prediction", J. Can. Petrol. Technol., Vol. 27, No. 6, p. 118,
Nov.-Dec. (1988).
3
Abdul-Majeed, G. H., Kattan, R. R., and Salman, N. H.,"New
Correlation for Estimating the Viscosity of Under-saturated Crude
Oils", J. Can. Petrol.Technol., Vol. 29, No. 3, p. 80, May-June
(1990.)
4
Al-Marhoun, M. A., "Pressure-Volume-Temperature Correlations for
Saudi Crude Oils", paper No. SPE 13718, presented at the Middle
East Oil Tech. Conf. and Exhib., Bahrain (1985)
5
Al-Marhoun, M. A., "PVT Correlations for Middle East Crude Oils", J.
Petrol. Technol., p. 660, May (1988).
6
Al-Marhoun, M. A., "New Correlations for Formation Volume Factors of
Oil and Gas Mixtures", J. Can. Petrol. Technol., Vol. 31, No. 3, p. 22
(1992).
7
American Gas Association, "Compressibility and Supercompressibility
for Natural Gas and Other Hydrocarbon Gases", Transmission
Measurement Committee Report No. 8, December 15 (1985).
8
American Petroleum Institute, API 44 Tables: Selected Values of
Properties of Hydro-carbons and Related Compounds, (1975).
9
Asgarpour, S., McLauchlin, L., Wong, D., and Cheung, V., "Pressure-
Volume-Temperature Correlations for Wes-tern Canadian Gases and
Oils", J. Can. Petrol. Technol., Vol. 28, No. 4, p. 103, Jul-Aug
(1989).
10
Baker, O., and Swerdloff, W., "Finding Surface Tension of Hydrocarbon
Liquids", Oil and Gas J., p. 125, January 2 (1956).
11
Beal, C., "The Viscosity of Air, Water, Natural Gas, Crude Oil and its
Associated Gases at Oil Field Temperatures and Pressures", Trans.
AIME, Vol. 165, p. 94 (1946).
12
Beg, S. A., Amin, M. B., and Hussain, I., "Generalized Kinematic
Viscosity-Temperature Correlation for Undefined Petroleum
Fractions", The Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 38, p. 123 (1988).
A-26
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-27
13
Beggs, H. D., and Robinson, J. R., "Estimating the Viscosity of Crude
Oil Systems", J. Petrol. Technol., p. 1140, September (1975).
14
Bradley, H.B. (Editor-in-Chief), Petroleum Engineering Handbook,
Society of Petrol. Engrs (1987); Smith, H.V., and Arnold, K.E.,
Chapter 19 "Crude Oil Emulsions".
15
Carr, N. L., Kobayashi, R., and Burrows, D. B., "Viscosity of
Hydrocarbon Gases Under Pressure", Trans. AIME, Vol. 201, p. 264
(1954).
16
Chew, J., and Connally, C. A., "A Viscosity Correlation for Gas
Saturated Crude Oils", Trans. AIME, Vol. 216, p. 23 (1959).
17
Dean, D. E., and Stiel, L. I., "The Viscosity of Nonpolar Gas Mixtures
at Moderate and High Pressures", AIChE J., Vol. 11, p. 526 (1965).
18
Dempsey, J. R., "Computer Routine Treats Gas Viscosity as a
Variable", Oil and Gas J., p. 141, August 16 (1965).
19Dokla,
M. E., and Osman, M. E., "Correlation of PVT Properties for
UAE Crudes", SPE Form. Eval., p. 41, Mar. (1992).
20Dranchuk,
P.M., Purvis, R.A., and Robinson, D.B., "Computer
Calculations of Natural Gas Compressibility Factors Using the
Standing and Katz Correlations", Inst. of Petrol. Technical Series,
No. IP74-008, p. 1 (1974).
21
Dranchuk, P. M., and Abou-Kassem, J. H., "Calculations of Z Factors
for Natural Gases Using Equa-tions of State", J. Can. Petrol.
Technol., p. 34, July-Sept. (1975).
22Dranchuk,
P. M., Islam, R. M. , and Bentsen, R. G., "A Mathematical
Representation of the Carr, Kobayashi, and Burrows Natural Gas
Viscosity Cor-relations", J. Can. Petrol. Technol., p. 51, January
(1986).
23Elsharkawy,
A. M., Hashem, Y. S., and Alikan, A. A., Compressibility
Factor for Gas-Condensates", Paper SPE 59702, presented at the
SPE Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conf., Midland, TX, March
(2000).
24
Eyring, H., "Viscosity, Plasticity and Diffusion as Examples of Absolute
Reaction Rates", J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 4, p. 283 (1936).
25
Gas Processors Association, Engineering Data Book, Tulsa,
Oklahoma, 9th Edition (1977), 10th Edition (1987).
26
Glasø, Ø., "Generalized Pressure-Volume-Temperature Correlations",
J. Petrol. Technol., p. 785, May (1980).
27
Gomez, J. V., "Method Predicts Surface Tension of Petroleum
Fractions", Oil and Gas J., p. 68, December 7 (1987).
A-27
A-28 References
28
Gray, H. E., "Vertical Flow Correlation - Gas Wells", API Manual 14
BM, Second Edition, Appendix B, p. 38, American Petroleum
Institute, Dallas, Texas, January (1978).
29
Gregory, G. A., "Viscosity of Heavy Oil/Condensate Blends", Technical
Note No. 6,
30
Neotechnology Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Canada, July (1985).
31
Gregory, G. A., "Pipeline Calculations for Foaming Crude Oils and
Crude Oil-Water Emulsions", Technical Note No. 11, Neotechnology
Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Canada, January (1990).
32
Gregory, G. A., "Calculate the Density of Non-hydrocarbon Gases
Correctly", Technical Note No. 24, Neotechnology Consultants Ltd.,
Calgary, Canada, November (2000).
33
Guth, E., and Simha, R., Kolloid-Zeitschrift, Vol. 74, p. 266 (1936).
34Hatschek,
E., "Die Viskositat der Dispersoide", Kolloid-Zeitschrift, Vol.
8, p. 34 (1911).
35Hougen,
O. A., Watson, K. M., and Ragatz, R. A., Chemical Process
Principles, Vol. 2, p. 593, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
(1959).
36
Jossi, J. A., Stiel, L. I., and Thodos, G., "The Viscosity of Pure
Substances in the Dense, Gaseous, and Liquid Phases", AIChE J.,
Vol. 8, p. 59 (1962).
37Katz,
D. L., and Firoozabadi, A., "Predicting Phase Behaviour of
Condensate/Crude Oil Systems Using Methane Interaction
Coefficients", J. Petrol. Technol., p. 1649, November (1978).
38Kay,
W. B., "Density of Hydrocarbon Gases and Vapor at High
Temperature and Pressure", Ind. Eng. Chem., p. 1014, September
(1936).
39
Khan, S. A., Al-Marhoun, M. A., Duffuaa, S. O., and Abu-Khamsin, S.
A., "Viscosity Correlations for Saudi Arabian Crude Oils", paper No.
SPE 15720, presented at the 5th SPE Middle East Oil Show,
Manama, Bahrain, March (1987).
40
Lasater, J. A., "Bubble Point Pressure Correlation", Trans. AIME, Vol.
213, p. 379, (1958).
41
Lee, A. L., Gonzalez, M. H., and Eakin, B. E., "The Viscosity of Natural
Gases", J. Petrol. Technol., Vol. 18, p. 997 (1966).
42
Manning, R. E., "Computation Aids for Kinematic Viscosity
Conversions from 100 and 210 oF to 40 and 100 oC", J. of Testing
and Evaluations (JVETA), Vol. 2, p. 522, November (1974).
A-28
Neotec Black Oil Methods A-29
43
Meehan, D. N., "A Correlation for Water Viscosity", Petrol. Eng. Int.,
July (1980).
44
McCain, W. D., "Black Oils and Volatile Oils - What's the Difference?",
Pet. Eng. Intl., p. 24, November (1993).
45
McCain, W. D., "Volatile Oils and Retrograde Gases - What's the
Difference?", Pet. Eng. Int., p. 35, January (1994a).
46
McCain, W. D., "Heavy Components Control Reservoir Fluid
Behaviour", J. Petrol. Technol., p. 764, September (1994).
47
Moses, P. L., "Engineering Applications of Phase Behaviour of Crude
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(1986).
48
Ng, J. T. H., and Egbogah, E. O., "An Improved Temperature-Viscosity
Correlation for Crude Oil Systems", Paper No. 83-34-32, presented
at the 34th Ann. Tech. Mtg. of The Petrol. Soc. of CIM, Banff, Alta,
May (1983).
49Petrosky,
G. E., and Farshad, F. F., "Pressure-Volume-Temperature
Correlations for Gulf of Mexico Crude Oils", Paper No. SPE 26644,
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TX, Sept. (1987).
50Reid,
R. C., Prausnitz, J. M., and Sherwood, T. K., The Properties of
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51
Riazi, M. R., and Daubert, T. E., "Simplify Property Predictions",
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52Shu,
W. R., "A Viscosity Correlation for Mixtures of Heavy Oil,
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53Society
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Chapter 19, "Crude Oil Emulsions", by Smith, H.V., and Arnold,
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54
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55
Standing, M. B., "A Pressure-Volume-Temperature Correlations for
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56
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57
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A-29
A-30 References
58
Sutton, R. P., "Compressibility Factor for High Molecular Weight
Reservoir Gases", Paper SPE 14265, presented at the Ann. Tech.
Mtg. and Exhib. of the SPE, Las Vegas, September (1985).
59
Sutton, R. P., and Farshad, F., "Evaluation of Empirically Derived PVT
Properties for Gulf of Mexico Crude Oils", SPE Res. Eng., p. 79, Feb.
(1990).
60
Twu, C. H., "Generalized Method for Predicting Viscosities of
Petroleum Fractions", AIChE J., Vol. 32, No. 12, p. 2091 (1986).
61
Twu, C. H., and Bulls, J. W., "Viscosity Blending Tested",
Hydrocarbon Proc., p. 217, April (1981).
62
Vasquez, M., and Beggs, H. D., "Correlations for Fluid Physical
Property Prediction", Paper SPE 6719, presented at the 52nd
Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Denver, Col. (1977),
Published in J. Petrol. Technol., p. 968 (1980).
63
Watson, K. M., and Nelson, E. F., "Improved Methods for
Approximating Critical and Thermal Properties of Petroleum
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64Wichert,
E., and Aziz, K., Compressibility Factor of Sour Natural
Gases", Can. J. Chem. Eng., Vol. 49, p. 267, April (1971).
65Wichert,
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Hydrocarbons Processing, p. 119, May (1972).
66
Woelflin, W., "Viscosity of Crude Oil Emulsions", Oil and Gas J., Vol.
40, No. 45, p. 35, March 19 (1942).
A-30
Black Oil Transition Methods B-1
B-1
B-2 Transition Methods
B.1Transition Methods
The Black Oil Transition is the engine that is used in translating
between black oils and compositional models. There are two
available methods for Black Oil Transition:
• Simple
• Three Phase
Figure B.1
B-2
Black Oil Transition Methods B-3
B-3
B-4 Transition Methods
Figure B.2
Allows you to enter any value for fractional Clears all compositions.
compositions and have HYSYS normalize
the values such that the total equals to 1.
Gas Phase
The black oil gas phase is converted to a compositional model by
relying on user inputs. If the black oil inlet stream has a known
gas phase composition it is used by the Black Oil Transition. The
composition as displayed in Figure B.2 is referred to as the
B-4
Black Oil Transition Methods B-5
Oil Phase
The Black Oil oil phase is transitioned to a compositional model
using the HYSYS Oil Manager Bulk Properties Assay Definition
methods. The transition passes on the oil phase standard
density and oil phase Watson K to the Oil Manager and an
appropriate assay and blend is created for the user. This
functionality is automatically done by HYSYS and no additional
user interaction is required.
Figure B.3
You can use the Oil Phase Cut Options to adjust the light end
and auto-characterize the hypocomponents into user specified
light end components. You have the option to have the HYSYS
Oil Manager perform an auto cut, or specify the appropriate
number of cuts.
B-5
B-6 Transition Methods
Water Phase
The black oil water phase is assumed to be pure water by the
black oil transition.
B-6
Index
A closing the property view and on-the-fly
calculations 3-37
adding
Component Recovery method 3-30
Black Oil Translator 1-33
Design Tab 3-27
Multiflash property package 2-3, 9-3
Dynamics Tab 3-38
Neotec Black Oil property package 1-11
manual sort method 3-36
PIPESIM Link 5-6
Rating Tab 3-38
PIPESIM NET 6-2
Worksheet Tab 3-38
B Delumper Design Tab
connections page 3-27
Binary Interaction Parameters 2-12 Delumping page 3-30
Black Oil 1-2 Notes page 3-38
installing unit operations 1-26 Parameters page 3-28
Black Oil Transition methods B-1–B-6 User Variables page 3-38
Black Oil Translator 1-31 Delumping page 3-30
adding 1-33 delumping all available lumped
defining 1-34 hypothetical components 3-32
installing 1-31 delumping available lumped hypothetical
viewing results 1-36 components 3-32
Black Oil Tutorial 1-1–1-38, A-1 keeping all available lumped hypothetical
BOUNDARY 8-6 components 3-33
description 8-9 keeping available lumped hypothetical
overview 8-34 components 3-33
bugs 8-47 removing kept lumped hypothetical
C components 3-34
restoring the delumped hypothetical
Calculating the Delumper unit operation 3-37 components 3-34
Calculating the Lumper Unit Operation 3-23 sorting the available lumped hypothetical
Closing the Delumper property view and on- components 3-31
the-fly calculations 3-37 sorting the output components 3-35
Closing the Lumper Property View and On- Design Tab 5-9
the-Fly Calculations 3-23 Connections Page 5-9
Component Recovery delumping method 3-30 Model Page 5-10
Configuring a property package 2-8 PVT Page 5-12
BIPs 2-12 Disclaimer 8-4
components 2-8
models 2-11 E
petroleum fluid characterisation 2-9 Enthalpy for Gases and Liquids A-7
Connections Page 5-9
controllers configuration 8-16 F
Custom lumping method 3-10
Flash Calculations 2-14
D flow rates 8-25
Dead Oil Viscosity Equation A-23 G
Defining the Black Oil Translator 1-34
GAP objects 7-8
Delumper 3-24
GAP<$italic
adding 3-25
Gas Viscosity A-21
automatic sort method 3-37
calculating the unit operation 3-37
I-1
I-2 Index
H 3-19
removing components 3-19
HYSYS Flash 2-6
sorting the outlet component list 3-20
I viewing a lumped hypothetical component
3-17
Importing the PIPESIM Case 5-21
initial values 8-37 M
inp file 8-6
Matching Experimental Data 2-15
Installing Multiflash 2-2, 9-2
Model Page 5-10
Installing the Black Oil feed streams 1-16
Importing 5-21
Installing the Black Oil Translator 1-31
Montel and Gouel lumping method 3-9
L Multiflash 2-2
adding 2-3, 9-3
Live Oil Viscosity A-22 installing 2-2, 9-2
Lumper 3-2, 7-2 property package 2-2
adding 3-2 Multiflash Flash 2-6
calculating the unit operation 3-23 Multiflash property package 2-2
closing the property view and on-the-fly adding 2-3, 9-3
calculations 3-23 calculations 2-12
Custom method 3-10 configuring 2-8
Design Tab 3-4 HYSYS Flash 2-6
Dynamics Tab 3-24 Multiflash Flash 2-6
Montel and Gouel method 3-9
Rating Tab 3-24 N
Worksheet Tab 3-24
Neotec Black Oil methods ??–A-30
Lumper Design Tab
Thermodynamics A-2
connections page 3-4
Notes Manager 8-19
lumping page 3-7
notes specification 8-18
Note Page 3-23
parameters page 3-5 O
User Variables page 3-23
Oil FVF A-19
Lumping Page
Oil-Water Emulsions A-12
sorting the Inlet components 3-11
OLGA configuration 8-22
Lumping page 3-7
OLGA Link
adding components to a user lumped
add 8-5
hypothetical component 3-18
BOUNDARY 8-6
creating a hypothetical group 3-12
connection 8-7
creating a user lumped hypothetical
controllers 8-16
component 3-16
create 8-5
deleting a hypothetical group 3-15
description 8-5
deleting a user lumped hypothetical
dynamics configuration 8-22
component 3-16
flow rates 8-25
editing a hypothetical group 3-15
function 8-5
emptying and deleting an auto lumped
initial values 8-37
hypothetical component 3-22
notes 8-18
keeping all Inlet components 3-19
OLGA 8-22
keeping individual components 3-19
outlet composition 8-39
removing a component from the user
overview 8-34
lumped hypothetical component
P-F equations 8-35
I-2
Index I-3
I-3
I-4 Index
I-4