Newborn Care Golden Reviews

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Neonatal care(Paeditrics)
Golden points
1. Cow’s milk shouldn’t be given to infants
younger than age one (1) because it has a
low linoleic acid content and its protein is
difficult for infants to digest.
2. A woman who is breastfeeding should rub a

mild emollient cream or a few drops of
breast milk (or colostrum) on the nipples
after each feeding. She should let the breasts
air-dry to prevent them from cracking.
3. Breastfeeding mothers should increase their

fluid intake to 2½ to 3 qt (2,500 to 3,000 ml)
daily.
4. After feeding an infant with a cleft

lip or palate, the nurse should rinse the
infant’s mouth with sterile water.
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5. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has
been cultured in breast milk and can be
transmitted by an HIV-positive mother who
breast-feeds her infant.
6. A mother should allow her infant to

breastfeed until the infant is satisfied. The
time may vary from 5 to 20 minutes.
7. Normal neonatal heart rate- 110-160 /m.
8. Most drugs that a breastfeeding mother

takes appear in breast milk.
9. Prolactin stimulates and sustains milk

production.
10. Breastfeeding of a premature neonate

born at 32 weeks gestation can be
accomplished if the mother expresses milk
and feeds the neonate by gavage.
11. Hot compresses can help to relieve

breast tenderness after breastfeeding.
12. Unlike formula, breast milk offers the

benefit of maternal antibodies.
13. The initial weight loss for a healthy

neonate is 5% to 10% of birth weight.
14. The normal hemoglobin value in

neonates is 17 to 20 g/dl.
15. After delivery, the first nursing action is
to establish the neonate’s airway.
16. The specific gravity of a

neonate’s urine is 1.003 to 1.030. A lower
specific gravity suggests overhydration; a
higher one suggests dehydration.
17. During the first hour after birth (the

period of reactivity), the neonate is alert and
awake.
18. The neonatal period extends from birth

to day 28. It’s also called the first four (4)
weeks or first month of life.
19. A very-low-birth-weight neonate weighs
1,500 g (3 lb 5 oz) or less at birth.
20. Administering high levels of oxygen to a

premature neonate can cause blindness as a
result of retrolental fibroplasia.
21. An Apgar score of 7 to 10 indicates no

immediate distress, 4 to 6 indicates
moderate distress, and 0 to 3 indicates
severe distress.
22. To elicit Moro’s reflex, the nurse holds

the neonate in both hands and suddenly, but
gently, drops the neonate’s head backward.
Normally, the neonate abducts and extends
all extremities bilaterally and symmetrically,
forms a C shape with the thumb and
forefinger, and first adducts and then flexes
the extremities.
23. An Apgar score of 7 to 10 indicates no
immediate distress, 4 to 6 indicates
moderate distress, and 0 to 3 indicates
severe distress.
24. If jaundice is suspected in a neonate, the
nurse should examine the infant under
natural window light. If natural light is
unavailable, the nurse should examine the
infant under a white light.
25. Vitamin K is administered to neonates to

prevent hemorrhagic disorders because a
neonate’s intestine can’t synthesize vitamin
K.
26. Variability is any change in the fetal

heart rate (FHR) from its normal rate of 120
to 160 beats/minute. Acceleration is
increased FHR; deceleration is decreased
FHR.
27. Fetal alcohol syndrome presents in the

first 24 hours after birth and produces
lethargy, seizures, poor sucking reflex,
abdominal distention, and respiratory
difficulty.

28. In a neonate, the symptoms
of heroin withdrawalmay begin several hours
to 4 days after birth.
29. In a neonate, the symptoms

of methadone withdrawal may begin 7 days
to several weeks after birth.
30. In a neonate, the cardinal signs

of narcotic withdrawal include coarse,
flapping tremors; sleepiness; restlessness;
prolonged, persistent, high-pitched cry; and
irritability.
31. The nurse should count a neonate’s

respirations for one (1) full minute.
32. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is used to

treat neonates who are addicted
to narcotics.
33. The nurse should provide a dark, quiet

environment for a neonate who is
experiencing narcotic withdrawal.
34. Respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline
membrane disease) develops in premature
infants because their pulmonary alveoli lack
surfactant.
35. Whenever an infant is being put down

to sleep, the parent or caregiver should
position the infant on the back. Remember
the mnemonic “back to sleep.”
36. The percentage of water in a neonate’s

body is about 78% to 80%.
37. To perform nasotracheal suctioning in an

infant, the nurse positions the infant with his
neck slightly hyperextended in a “sniffing”
position, with his chin up and his head tilted
back slightly.
38. After birth, the neonate’s umbilical cord

is tied 1″ (2.5 cm) from the abdominal wall
with a cotton cord, plastic clamp, or rubber
band.

39. When teaching parents to
provide umbilical cord care, the nurse should
teach them to clean the umbilical area with a
cotton ball saturated with alcohol after every
diaper change to prevent infection and
promote drying.
40. Ortolani’s sign (an audible click or

palpable jerk that occurs with thigh
abduction) confirms congenital hip
dislocation in a neonate.
41. Neonates who are delivered by cesarean

birthhave a higher incidence of respiratory
distress syndrome.
42. When providing phototherapy to a

neonate, the nurse should cover the
neonate’s eyes and genital area.

43. The narcotic antagonist naloxone
(Narcan) may be given to a neonate to
correct respiratory depression caused by
narcotic administration to the mother
during labor.
44. In a neonate, symptoms of respiratory

distress syndrome include expiratory
grunting or whining, sandpaper breath
sounds, and seesaw retractions.
45. Neonatal jaundice in the first 24 hours

after birth is known as pathological jaundice
and is a sign of erythroblastosis fetalis.
46. Lanugo covers the fetus’s body until

about 20 weeks gestation. Then it begins to
disappear from the face, trunk, arms, and
legs, in that order.

47. In a neonate, hypoglycemia causes
temperature instability, hypotonia,
jitteriness, and seizures. Premature,
postmature, small-for-gestational-age, and
large-for-gestational-age neonates are
susceptible to this disorder.
48. Neonates typically need to consume 50

to 55 cal per pound of body weight daily.
49. During fetal heart rate monitoring,

variable decelerations indicate compression
or prolapse of the umbilical cord.
50. A neonate whose mother

has diabetes should be assessed for
hyperinsulinism.
51. The best technique for assessing jaundice

in a neonate is to blanch the tip of the nose
or the area just above the umbilicus.
52. Milia may occur as pinpoint spots over a

neonate’s nose.
53. Strabismus is a normal finding in a

neonate.
54. Respiratory distress syndrome develops
in premature neonates because their alveoli
lack surfactant.
55. A neonate whose mother

has diabetes should be assessed for
hyperinsulinism.
56. The best technique for assessing jaundice

in a neonate is to blanch the tip of the nose
or the area just above the umbilicus.
57. Milia may occur as pinpoint spots over a

neonate’s nose.
58. Strabismus is a normal finding in a

neonate.
59. Respiratory distress syndrome develops

in premature neonates because their alveoli
lack surfactant.
60. Mongolian spots are common in non-

white infants and usually disappear by age 2
to 3 years.
61. Vernix caseosa is a cheeselike substance

that covers and protects the fetus’s skin in
utero. It may be rubbed into the neonate’s
skin or washed away in one or two baths.
62. Caput succedaneum is edema that

develops in and under the fetal scalp
during labor and delivery. It resolves
spontaneously and presents no danger to the
neonate. The edema doesn’t cross the suture
line.
63. Nevus flammeus or port-wine stain, is a

diffuse pink to dark bluish red lesion on a
neonate’s face or neck.

64. Guthrie test (a screening test
for phenylketonuria) is most reliable if it’s
done between the second and sixth days
after birth and is performed after the
neonate has ingested protein.
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2. A woman who is breastfeeding should rub a

3. Breastfeeding mothers should increase their

4. After feeding an infant with a cleft

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6. A mother should allow her infant to

7. Normal neonatal heart rate- 110-160 /m.

8. Most drugs that a breastfeeding mother

9. Prolactin stimulates and sustains milk

10. Breastfeeding of a premature neonate

11. Hot compresses can help to relieve

12. Unlike formula, breast milk offers the

13. The initial weight loss for a healthy

14. The normal hemoglobin value in

16. The specific gravity of a

17. During the first hour after birth (the

18. The neonatal period extends from birth

20. Administering high levels of oxygen to a

21. An Apgar score of 7 to 10 indicates no

22. To elicit Moro’s reflex, the nurse holds

25. Vitamin K is administered to neonates to

26. Variability is any change in the fetal

27. Fetal alcohol syndrome presents in the

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29. In a neonate, the symptoms

30. In a neonate, the cardinal signs

31. The nurse should count a neonate’s

32. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is used to

33. The nurse should provide a dark, quiet

35. Whenever an infant is being put down

36. The percentage of water in a neonate’s

37. To perform nasotracheal suctioning in an

38. After birth, the neonate’s umbilical cord

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40. Ortolani’s sign (an audible click or

41. Neonates who are delivered by cesarean

42. When providing phototherapy to a

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44. In a neonate, symptoms of respiratory

45. Neonatal jaundice in the first 24 hours

46. Lanugo covers the fetus’s body until

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48. Neonates typically need to consume 50

49. During fetal heart rate monitoring,

50. A neonate whose mother

51. The best technique for assessing jaundice

52. Milia may occur as pinpoint spots over a

53. Strabismus is a normal finding in a

55. A neonate whose mother

56. The best technique for assessing jaundice

57. Milia may occur as pinpoint spots over a

58. Strabismus is a normal finding in a

59. Respiratory distress syndrome develops

60. Mongolian spots are common in non-

61. Vernix caseosa is a cheeselike substance

62. Caput succedaneum is edema that

63. Nevus flammeus or port-wine stain, is a

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