Sabian Secondary School, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Sabian Secondary School, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Abstract: Discipline is an important component of human behavior, and one could assert that without
it, an organization cannot function well toward the achievement of its goals. The aim of this study was
to assess the impact of school rules and regulations on students’ perception toward promoting good
behavior. The data were obtained from 438 respondents through a mailed questionnaire instrument.
The data were tabulated, and Pearson’s chi-square test was applied for inferential analysis. Around
33.1% of the students had a negative perception of school rules and regulations about promoting
good behavior, whereas 66.9% of them had a positive perception. A p-value of 0.015 (<5% significance
level) indicated that there is a significant association between students’ awareness on school rules
and regulations and their perception toward promoting good behavior. Students’ attitudes on school
rules and regulations and perception toward promoting good behavior were statistically associated at
a p-value of 0.012. Parents’ educational levels had a significant effect on students’ perception toward
promoting good behavior. Generally, students’ awareness on school rules and regulations, parents’
education levels, civics and ethical education scores, and students’ attitudes toward promoting good
behavior were found as significant effects on perception toward promoting good behavior.
Keywords: rules; regulations; promoting good behavior; Pearson’s Chi-square test; SPSS
1. Introduction
Discipline is a prerequisite for almost everything a school can offer to students [3]. It links both
the culture and the climate of a school, and for a satisfactory climate to exist in a school, a certain level
of discipline must exist. In schools where discipline is a serious problem—for example, when students
bully each other—parents prefer to transfer their children to better schools. Since the well behaved
students usually perform well, their transfer to another school can affect the overall performance of the
former school.
Perception is a process of interpreting and understanding one’s environment. It is the process
through which people select, organize, and interpret what they see, hear, touch, and smell, and create
meaning from such things and respond to the world around them. Furthermore, perception is also a
process through which people receive, organize, and interpret information from their environment.
The secondary school students’ perception on school rules and regulations, therefore, has a great effect
on the way they obey and adhere to such rules and regulations [4].
1.3. Beneficiaries
The following stakeholders are expected to be benefited:
• It will address the issues for curriculum developers related to students’ discipline in the context of
creating good citizens.
• It will help school administrators to come up with rules and regulations that are effective and
efficient in discipline enhancement among students and staff.
• It will help in addressing issues of student indiscipline and parents, and the wider society will
benefit since the costs associated with student indiscipline will be minimized.
Besides this, this study expects to promote further research on the relationship between the school
rules and regulations and a good citizen. In other words, this study aims to develop insight for critically
assessing the content of school rules and recommendations that can produce quality citizenry.
2. Literature Review
According to [8], students realize that punishments are an effective method of remediating
individual misbehavior and therefore improving school order. Similarly, in the views of [9], students
understand that punishment can be an effective way of controlling misbehavior when it is fair and
consistent. It acts as a motivator for improving their learning and academic performance. Students
believe that punishments in a school system are expected to teach them the relationship between their
behaviors and outcome or accountability for their mistakes [10].
(Z α2 )2
n0 = P(1 − P). (1)
d2
n0 n0 n0
If > 5%; then, n = n0 and if ≤ 5%, n = n0 .
N 1+ N N
where, P = 0.69 is the proportion of students with a positive perception on school rules and regulations
regarding promoting good behavior, taken from Asnake and Ashenafi (2018), and q = 1–P = 0.31 is the
proportion of students with negative perception on school rules and regulations toward promoting
good behavior, z = 1.96 is the critical values of standard normal cumulative distribution that corresponds
to α2 with 5% significant level, N = the total number of students in Sabian school (2520), and d = 0.04 is
the maximum allowable error the researcher will tolerate.
(1.96)2 (0.69)(0.31)
n0 = 0.042
= 514,
(2)
n = 1+nono = 514
514 = 426.91 ≈ 427.
N 1+ 2520
By adding 5% contingency for the expected non-response rate, the final sample size estimated is:
Proportional allocation: the sample size for each stratum (grade level) was calculated as follows:
N
nh = Nh n and is given in Table 1.
Dependent variable: Students’ perception on school rules and regulations toward promoting
good behavior (Yi ). It is dichotomous, and when a student has positive perception on the school rules
and regulations on promoting of good behavior, it is Yi (1) or otherwise Yi (0).
Independent variables: Students’ attitude towards schools rules and regulations, awareness on
school rules and regulations, participation in the formulation or implementation of schools rules
and regulations, and civics and ethical education score, parents’ education levels, and parents’
employment status.
Stats 2019, 2 206
X ( O − E ) 2
!
Chi − Square X = 2 i
i , X2 ((R–1) ∗ (C–1)); Ei = row count total ∗ colomun count total
E i
total counts
where Oi is the observed number of cases in category i, and Ei is the expected number of cases in
category i; R and C are the total number of rows and columns, respectively, and (R–1)*(C–1) is the
degrees of freedom. The p-value indicates the probability of chi-square statistics and its degrees
of freedom.
4.1.1. Perception on the School Rules and Regulations toward Promoting Good Behavior
The total sample size was 449, but from those, 11 respondents’ questionnaires were rejected due
to incomplete responses, thus the final sample included 438 respondents. About 33.1% of the students
negatively perceived school rules and regulations regarding the promotion of good behavior, whereas
66.9% of them perceived them positively (Table 2).
4.1.2. Awareness on School Rules and Regulations and Perception in Promoting Good Behavior
About 70.2% of students had awareness or more understanding of the school rules and regulations
toward promoting good behavior, whereas 29.8% of them perceived them negatively. Among them,
57.8% of students had awareness and perceived school rules and regulation positively, while 42.2%
perceived them negatively (Table 3).
Participating in school rules and the formulation or implementation and perception in promoting
good behavior:
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Around 68.9% of the students were participating in school rule formulation or implementation and
had a positive perception toward creating good behavior. The remaining 31.1% perceived it negatively.
Of the respondents, 61.8% were involved in the formulation or the implementation of school rules
and had a positive perception in the promotion of good behavior, while 38.2% of them perceived
it negatively. Nowadays, at different school levels, many student representatives are involved in
the implementation of school rules and regulations. Representatives play a great role in fostering a
conducive teaching and learning environment that promotes well-behaved students.
4.1.3. Parents’ Education Level and Perception toward Promoting Good Behavior
Father’s education level: Around 51.7% of the respondents from uneducated fathers positively
perceived school rules and regulation toward promoting good behavior, while 48.3% of them perceived
them negatively. It was found that 66.7% of students from primary educated fathers perceived the
school rules and regulations positively toward promoting good behavior, whereas 33.3% of them
perceived them negatively. On the other hand, 71.8% of students from secondary school educated
fathers positively perceived school rules and regulations toward promoting good behavior, and the
remaining 28.2% perceived them negatively. Furthermore, 75.7% of respondents from diploma or
above educated fathers were positively perceived school rules and regulations toward promoting good
behavior, while 24.3% of them had a negative perception.
Mother’s education level: Approximately 52.9% of the respondents from uneducated mothers had
a positive perception of school rules and regulations toward promoting good behavior, while 47.1% of
them perceived them negatively. On the other hand, 61.3% of students from a primary school educated
mother positively perceived school rules and regulations toward promoting good behavior, and the
remaining 38.7% perceived them negatively. Moreover, 69.5% of respondents from secondary educated
mothers perceived school rules and regulations positively in promoting good behavior, while 30.5%
of them perceived them negatively. Similarly, 75.2% of students from a diploma or degree educated
mother were positive on school rules and regulations in promoting good behavior, and the remaining
24.8% of them were negative. Therefore, the proportion indicates that the parents’ education levels
have a positive impact on students’ perception toward school rules and regulations in promoting good
behavior. These data indicate that more educated parents will advise and teach their children about
following school rules and regulations, which will promote good behavior.
Table 3. Summary statistics and chi-square results for perception and explanatory variables.
4.3. Discussions
The data were collected from 438 students with an aim to assess the impact of school rules and
regulations on students’ perception toward promoting good behavior. The participants were recruited
from Sabian Secondary School at Dire Dawa, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics
and inferential analysis, particularly by the chi-square test.
The results from descriptive statistics show that around 33.1% of the respondents had a negative
perception of school rules and regulations toward promoting good behavior. Therefore, the concerned
bodies should promote developing an understanding of secondary school rules and regulations to
instill good behavior in students. This is because positive and responsible behavior by students is
essential for the smooth running of the school, for the achievement of optimal learning opportunities,
and for the development of a supportive and cooperative school environment.
This study shows that students’ awareness of school rules and regulations and their perception
toward promoting good behavior are statistically associated. This means that a better understanding
of the school rules would increase the effectiveness of rules in promoting good behavior of students.
Students’ attitudes on school rules and regulations have a significant association with the
perception toward promoting good behavior. Students should have enough understanding about
school rules and regulations to exercise easy and effective implementations. A study by [9] found that
many students think that most school rules are good and without these rules, the school would not be
a pleasant place.
Civics and ethical education scores show a significant impact on students’ perception toward
promoting good behavior. This means learning civics and ethical education plays an important role in
creating a good learning environment.
5.1. Conclusions
The findings of this study show that around 33.1% of the students have a negative perception
of school rules and regulations. This indicates that they do not adequately perceive school rules and
regulations toward promoting good behavior.
The improvement in students’ awareness of school rules and regulations would enhance their
perception toward promoting good behavior because when students have enough understanding of
school rules and regulations, they can behave well, and this offers a good learning environment.
Parents’ educational level has a significant effect on students’ perception toward promoting good
behavior. More educated parents play a better role in enhancing and implementing school rules and
regulations for promoting good behavior.
Civics and ethical education score is another significant factor in this direction, as low scorers in
civics and ethical education are negatively associated with good behavior.
5.2. Recommendations
In order to prescribe the standards of good behavior, school rules and regulations should be
emphasized, and enough awareness should be aroused in students. In future work, the effectiveness
of school rules and regulations on academic achievement and the impact on life value should
be investigated.
Stats 2019, 2 211
Funding: This work was not supported financially by any organization or individuals.
Acknowledgments: All participants involved in the study to provide relevant information and secondary school
directors were duly acknowledged for their contributions.
Conflicts of Interest: The author declares that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
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