Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ordering The Rifle: by Martha Moyer
Ordering The Rifle: by Martha Moyer
by Martha Moyer
The Warren Commission officially described the weapon reportedly used by Lee Harvey Oswald to
assassinate President John F. Kennedy on November 22, l963
The rifle...was a bolt-action, clip-fed, military rifle, 40.2 inches long and 8 pounds in weight. Inscribed on
the rifle were various markings, including the words "CAL. 6.5," "MADE ITALY," "TERNI," [the city of the
manufacturer: the Royal Arms factory] and "ROCCA" [the manufacturer of the bolt cocking piece]; the numerals
"1940" and "40" [the year of manufacture]; [and] the serial number C2766.... The Rifle bore a very inexpensive
Japanese four-power sight, stamped, "4 X 18 COATED," "ORDINANCE OPTICS INC.," "HOLLYWOOD
CALIFORNIA...." (1):
The rifle was identified as a 6.5 Mannlicher-Carcano differed: 1. the American Rifleman ad offered a 36-inch, five-and-
Italian military rifle, Model 91/38. But the following is a a-half-pound, Italian "carbine," "Catalog Number C20-T750
description of the Italian "carbine" that "Hidell" ordered from (w/scope)," ordering Department 358; 2. the November, l963,
February, l963, issue of American Rifleman on March l2, l963 issue of Field and Stream published an ad offering a 40-inch,
LATE ISSUE! 6.5 ITALIAN CARBINE.
ONLY 36"" OVERALL, WEIGHS ONLY 5
1/2 LBS. SHOWS ONLY SLIGHT USE,
LIGHTLY OILED, TEST FIRED AND
HEAD-SPACED, READY FOR SHOOTING.
TURNED DOWN BOLT, THUMB SAFETY, 6-
SHOT CLIP-FED. REAR OPEN SIGHT.
FAST LOADING AND FAST FIRING.
C20-Tll96. Specially
Priced.........$12.88
C20-T750. Carbine with Brand New
Good Quality 4X Scope--3/4"
diameter as
illustrated................$19.95
E20-T75l. 6.5 mm Italian military
Figure 1 From the American Rifleman, February, 1963. This is
ammo with free 6-shot clip. l08 from the original ad that Oswald ordered his gun from --identified
rds..................... ...$ 7.50 from the coupon Department 358. The coupon itself is in the WC
(2): Exhibits as Waldman Exhibit 8.
According to Mr. William J.
Waldman, vice-president of Klein's Sporting Goods, Inc., the seven-pound, Italian "carbine," "Catalog Number C20-750
firm's advertising program was set up to be able to identify the (w/scope)," Department coupon 486. Recall that "Hidell" ordered
month and magazine in which a specific advertisement appeared his weapon on March 12, 1963. (7) Why would the wrong
through the department number on the ordering coupon. advertisement be placed in historical record when, obviously, it
Waldman identified Department 358 from the "Hidell" coupon as was incorrect?
coming from the American Rifleman, February, l963 (3), issue; Another confusing piece of testimony from Mr.
this Department 358 coupon is in the exhibits, but a matching Waldman concerned the catalog number assigned to the l00
American Rifleman advertisement is absent. In place of the Italian weapons from which the rifle reportedly delivered to
American Rifleman advertisement in the exhibits is an ad from "Hidell" came. The catalog number, according to Mr. Waldman,
the November, 1963, Field and Stream magazine. This was C20-T749; Waldman went off the record to explain the
advertisement featured a 40" Italian "carbine." (4) numbering; when he came back on the record, he stated that C
Harry D. Holmes, Postal Inspector in Dallas, testified 20-7749 was the catalog number for the weapon without a
that he had sent his secretary out on Saturday, November 23rd, scope. (8) What happened to Tll96, as illustrated in the original
to check on outdoor-type magazines, thinking that he might American Rifleman Klein's advertisement?
"...locate this gun to identify it, and I did". (5) The questioning of Mr. Waldman did not clear up the
Mr. Holmes submitted the advertisement from the odd information on Klein's purchase order number 1243. The
November, 1963, Field and Stream issue. (6) But the ads date of the order, January l5, l962, indicated 400 6.5 (91TS)
25
The Assassination Chronicles Vol. 2, Issue 1 March, 1996
rifles were originally ordered from
Crescent Firearms at $7.50 each; no
information was given as to whether any
of the original 400 guns were received.
However, according to Waldman, a system
of ordering was in place so that an order
could be filled on "a routine basis at a
time in which it [the order] was needed."
(9) Though this explanation is obviously
garbled, it apparently means that 400 rifles
were originally ordered, and Crescent
would then send part of the order (on file)
when requested by Klein's to replenish the
company's retail shipping stock.
Waldman testified that Klein's
ordered 200 rifles on January 24, l963, and
apparently only a shipment of l00
(reportedly containing the "Hidell"
weapon) was received on February 22,
1963. (10) Additional information on the
order indicated that on 4/13/62 the original
order had been changed to read "Beretta
Terni M91/38" at a wholesale price of
$8.50 (11) Klein's ad in Field and Stream Figure 2 From Field & Stream, November 1963, advertisement
from early l962 until November, l963, and submitted by Holmes as a duplicate of the ad from which “Hidell”
American Rifleman from October, 1962, ordered his gun. This submission was wrong on three points:
until February, l963, showed no price wrong department; “Hidell” ordered in March; this ad describes a
change for the 6.5mm. 36-inch weapon 40" rifle.
and no change when the ad switched to a
40-inch 6.5mm. rifle. (12) Did Klein's lose $l00 on the l00 rifle But the contradictions do not end here. Evidence exists
order? of a third and possibly fourth advertisement. According to the
The total weight of the l00-rifle shipment was 750 testimony of Dallas police detective R. S. Stovall, he and G. F.
pounds, shipped in l0 cases. (13) If the 40-inch rifles weighed Rose, J. P. Adamcik, and H. M. Moore returned to the Irving
seven pounds each, then each of the ten containers without Street address on Saturday, November 23rd, with a warrant to
contents weighed only five pounds, a doubtful conclusion. search further the Paine residence. (15)
I checked on wooden shipping containers used in Also found by Det. Stovall was a cut-out portion of a
transporting weapons, and all the containers weighed between magazine advertisement from Kline [sic] Department Store in
sixteen and twenty pounds. The 36-inch weapon allegedly Chicago, showing an advertisement of the murder weapon. All
ordered by "Hidell" was advertised as weighing five-and-a-half these items were confiscated along with other items and marked
pounds. Simple arithmetic: the total weight of 100 such for evidence.
weapons would be 550 pounds. Added to the weight range of ten But the official Dallas Police Department Property
wooden shipping containers the result would be a total of Received list prepared for the FBI and dated "26 November
between 710 and 750 pounds. Recall the 750 pounds listed on l963," items lll76 through 11193 (16), shows no "cut-out"
the order. Conclusion? The order received by Klein's was indeed murder weapon advertisement listed. This piece of crucial
a shipment of 36-inch weapons. evidence was also not in the DPD's list of original evidence
Louis Feldsott, president of Crescent Firearms, in a collected in the Saturday search of the Paine garage. (17)
sworn affidavit to the Commission, claimed he had records that Why would the police enter into evidence such
indicated the 6.5 mm. rifle with the serial number C2766 was apparently innocuous items as "10 empty envelopes" (18) and "l
sold to Klein's on June l8, 1962 (14), but this additional Address Label Advertisement" (19)and fail to list the crucial
information further scrambles the picture. murder weapon advertisement? (Or, for that matter, the crucial
None of the above confusion was in Commission so-called backyard photos?) Detective Stovall testified that both
testimony. No mention of the length of any of the weapons the ad and the photographs were in a box marked "Miscellaneous
ordered was given, but someone must have measured, because photographs and maps" (20) found in the garage. Among
the advertisements explicitly stated the offered length. several discrepancies involving who found what and when are
those traceable to Judy Bonner's work. Detective Moore, Bonner
maintained, found the "backyard photos" in a dresser drawer in
26
The Assassination Chronicles Vol. 2, Issue 1 March, 1996
Figure 3 The purchase order of Klein’s to Crescent Firearm, dated 1-15-62. Waldman Exhibit No.1
Marina's room at the Paine residence on November 22; at the advertisement), supposedly from Oswald's belongings, placed in
same time, searching through papers on a bedside table in the the Warren Commission Exhibits instead of the Holmes'
same room, Detective Stovall discovered "...a page that appeared advertisement from a magazine purchased at a newsstand?
to have been torn from a magazine. It was an advertisement of Dallas Police Chief Jesse E. Curry utilized material
guns...from Klein's Sporting Goods...."(21) Bonner is now dead; from the Dallas police files in writing his assassination book
did she have access in l984 to the officers she wrote about? (23). An apparent duplicate of the Dallas Police Department
Michael Paine testified that he was shown a backyard evidence advertisement appears on page 99 (Exhibit 43) offering
photo at DPD on Friday night when he was interviewed by the a "6.5" Italian "carbine," 40 inches in length, "C20-750," with a
FBI. (22) But how can his testimony be true if the photo was scope mounted for "19.95." The ordering coupon is Department
reportedly not found at least until Saturday, the next day, 472, indicating that Curry was using a third and different
according to official reports (but not according to Bonner)? And magazine. Note that while Chief Curry gave photographic
how could Detective Moore have been at two locations places credits, he omitted credit for his "duplicate ad." (24)
(the Beckley address and the Paine residence) at the same time on The identity of this third magazine came to light in a
November 22? book about former Dallas Police Crime Lab detective R. W.
Why are the backyard photos and the advertisement for (Rusty) Livingston. (25)
the alleged murder weapon not itemized on the FBI Property One piece of evidence which Rusty has that will
Received list? Why wasn't this official evidence (the help settle another controversial charge against
27
The Assassination Chronicles Vol. 2, Issue 1 March, 1996
investigators is a copy of a
magazine ad found among Oswald's
belongings. The 6.5 Mannlicher
Carcano rifle and .38 Smith &
Wesson revolver were circled on
the discovered magazine ad from
Klein's sporting goods in the
American Rifleman magazine
(Photo l03). Rusty also has a copy
of the magazine page facing the
one with the ad on it. (Photo l04).
Rusty's copy was made from
the original ad found by the Dallas
police showing a rifle with a
length of 40" overall, before the
Warren Commission published a
similar ad in the Commission
exhibits showing a 36" rifle. The
discrepancy was discovered by
researchers, and another charge was
leveled concerning manipulation of
the evidence. The charge is
understandable, but here is shown
to be a moot point. The original
ad, which Rusty copied, shows the
rifle to be 40" overall. Whatever
happened to the ad later in its
handling by others is meaningless
since now an independent source
can verify the validity of the
original ad. (25)
29
The Assassination Chronicles Vol. 2, Issue 1 March, 1996
the rifle and revolver allegedly used on November 22nd, 1963? power telescope exactly like Oswald's. (37)
The circling seems quite obvious in its attention-getting, The argument that the "Hidell" rifle was a "unique"
possibly the reason the ad is not in the Warren Commission's C766 is not reliable; though the entire serial number problem is
evidence. The second: Detective Stovall stated he found "a cut- beyond the limits of this article, I did talk to a gunsmith about
out portion of a magazine “ad" (31), indicating something far serial numbers who told me the 36-inch weapon could have had
less than the two pages Detective Livingston duplicated.(32) the "C2766" serial number that it could have easily been
The American Rifleman Klein advertisements from duplicated by any machinist with the proper equipment on any
October, l962, through February, l963, contain only one rifle.
Department 358: the February, l963, issue advertising the 36- George Michael Evica has closely examined the serial
inch "carbine." And no 40-inch Italian weapon was advertised number problem and the history of the Mannlicher Carcano (38),
from October, 1962 through February, l963. The 40-inch Italian and Henry S. Bloomgarden was one of few authors accurately
"carbine" began to be advertised in the American Rifleman in duplicating the 36" advertisement from American Rifleman,
April, 1963 (Ian Griggs informed me of this fact). A 36-inch February, l963
Italian "carbine" was advertised in Field and
Stream from January, 1962, through
November, 1963. Field and Stream did not
begin advertising the 40-inch Italian weapon
until September, 1963 and advertised it
again in October and November, 1963: it
was, recall, from this last issue that Holmes
submitted his exhibit. (33)
Mr. Waldman testified the Italian
rifle with serial number "C2766" was in a
shipment of l00 weapons arriving at Klein's
in February, l963 (34), too late to advertise
in the American Rifleman's February issue
but conveniently in time for the "Hidell"
order of March l2th, if we are to believe the
Warren Commission. (35)
Serious questions have surfaced, of
course, on the so-called serial number
("C2766)" of the alleged assassination rifle.
Even the Warren Commission questioned
the uniqueness of the serial number as
positive identification; apparently the FBI
located an "Italian Carbine" with serial
number 2766 (but without the prefix"C"
(36). And Dr. John K. Lattimer reported he
had a "C2766" in his possession:
30
The Assassination Chronicles Vol. 2, Issue 1 March, 1996
Figure 7 FBI report of Adrian Alba's questioning. Why was the FBI interested in
all the other magazines?
31
The Assassination Chronicles Vol. 2, Issue 1 March, 1996
Oswald with such a package the morning
of the assassination: Linnie Mae Randle
(41) and by Buell Wesley Frazier.(42)
Randle believed the package Oswald
allegedly carried was no more than 27"
long (43) and that he held it by the end
with just a little bit "sticking up";
according to Randle, the package did not
touch the ground.(44) Buell Wesley
Frazier, who drove Oswald to work on
November 22nd, stated the brown paper
Figure 10 American Rifleman-Klein ads for Oct., Nov., and Dec. '62 bag that was shown to him by
indicate ads for a 36" rifle--no 40" ads were found until Apr.'63 for Commission counsel was longer than the
a 40"--remember “Hidell” ordered his rifle from the Feb.'63 issue. package he said he observed Oswald
carrying with him as they both walked
32
The Assassination Chronicles Vol. 2, Issue 1 March, 1996
armpit.(46) Commission counsel Ball made a great effort to get a note in its (Memo Paul Hoch, 4/2/70; see also FBI D-85 and
Frazier and Randle to agree to a longer package, but they did not FBI D-l5 from Alba's garage) PLH 3/l7/83.
change their testimony.(47) Clearly a convincing case can be If Oswald had lived and stood trial, I believe that an
made for "Hidell" receiving a 36-inch weapon and for Oswald effective defense would have centered on the backyard photos in
possessing a 36-inch weapon, if only because of the amount of which the rifle apparently is 40 inches long. With persuasive
clever manipulation of evidence to support a 40-inch rifle in circumstantial evidence of the delivery of a 36-inch weapon,
Oswald's possession. Oswald's own argument for the alteration of the photos in order