Research
Research
NNCHS - SHS
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Research
Proponents:
We had spent the days reading some articles about this research study looking
for some informations. Finally, we held the paper in our hands that looked interesting
We would like to express our gratitude and thanks for these following persons for
their great contribution and taking part on this research paper to become successful and
First of all, we would like to give thanks to our Almighty God for giving us the
strength, knowledge, courage and wisdom while we were conducting this research.
patience for this kind of project. Also, we would like to express our gratitude to our
research adviser and teachers for their unending and unlimited support to make this
Finally, our warmest thanks to our classmates and friends who helped us for this
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Research Objectives
Hypothesis
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Definition of Terms
students show their own personal behavior while interacting to the teachers and to their
refers to the array of every physical action and observable emotion associated with
It includes the way they act based on different factors such as genetics, social norms,
core faith, and attitude. Behavior is impacted by certain traits each individual has. The
traits vary from person to person and can produce different actions or behavior from
(NNCHS) acts as violent towards their co-students, some are silent, depressed, and
(parents' education, family income and at-home attitudes), to the exclusion of other
family characteristics that also affect the behavior of the students in schools.
There are many factors in family background that affect the student’s personal
behaviors; one of it is economic stability. Poverty can affect school readiness in several
nutrition and poor role-modeling. According to a 2007 article titled "The Impact of
Poverty on Educational Outcomes for Children" in the journal "Pediatric Child Health,"
studies show that children from impoverished families tend to score lower in
conducted by the Society for Research in Child Development also found that children
from low-income families received less positive parenting and had higher levels of
cortisol, which has been associated with lower levels of cognitive development. Another
factor is changes in family relationships. Divorce has long been linked to behavior
problems, anxiety and depression in children. From home to school, children carry with
their own feelings of depression and anxiety that affects their personal behavior while
interacting and communicating with their co-students and teachers. Also, because of
these factors students may carry challenging behavior like withdrawn behaviors,
behaviors.
At the end of this, we the researchers , aim to conceptualize the data gathered
about the effects of family background to the personal attitude of the students in
Nabunturan National Comprehensive High School. This study motivates the researcher
to conduct the study to investigate the domains that could influence the personal
attitude of students. It will be in this context that the researchers are interested to
determine whether the family background will influence the personal attitude of
students.
Hypothesis
Personal Attitude.
There will be no doubts that the position of a person or group (e.g ., family) in
different opportunities in society . For example , belonging to a specific social class and
factors provide important perception about the resources associated with educational
the students’ family background involves the students themselves , their parents or
family ( relations and attitudes ) and other people connected to the students . (May ,
2002.
Family background plays a very big task on the child or student’s life. It also
refers to all the things, values, conditions in the family which influences the child or
and variations and that is the reason why some of the students have good family
background while others are poor. Some researchers noted that with some families, the
background will differ from time to time for the same individuals. Also it was stated that it
is the parents who are primarily responsible for establishing the family and make control
over it, also parents are responsible for the type of family background they got. This
means that parental attitudes and behaviors are very important in developing healthy
family background and is possible when parents adapt to the culturally defines roles and
examine and identified. And many factors in the family, community, school contexts that
develop their well being. One element of a family is a family structure that talks about
the structure of a certain family whether or not the parents live together, parents are
either married or unmarried. Family size, how many members within the family being
identified as small , moderate, and large families. Family instability thus has a dominant
effect on family size, particularly at lower levels of socioeconomic status. Family size is
word family background is literally confusing because it is used by diverse people refer
to very different things in the world. Thus, some people use this term to refer the ways
of how families works within their homes or in the community, while other use it to refer
of a certain social group consisting of parents and their children with the factors of
family socioeconomic status, parental attitudes and other family characteristics. This is
pleasantly straightforward but the shapes and structures of some families nowadays are
fastly evolving and changing. Many important factors contributing to the diversity of
family background in some countries are cohabitation rates, parent’s relation ( marriage
or divorce patterns), parental occupational status, conception rates, age and also ethnic
development of infants and adolescents. The concept of family background has been
status, parent’s relation, family attitudes, and family size. All of these, matter the social
changes. These evolutions might have repercutions in the family background as well as
in its functioning. As the time passes by, every person occupies a place within the family
and becomes central in the family. Family is a permeable system which is being
influence by some factors that support from some variation with the level of family
Since the world is changing over a period of time, also the family background
changes and has evolved together with the changes in the need and demands of the
individuals, family, and society that leads to the development of cultures and nations.
But, there are issues that surround the family background and maintenance like spousal
relationship or parent’s relationship is that the relationship of the spouse either it is good
or in a conflict state. Parenting, the attitudes and the interaction of the parents inside the
family whether the parents act as abusive or in a right manner that affects their family
patterns and also to the children. There will be a changes in their actions.(Enrique,
events that help to elaborate how a student develop or improved in a certain manner.
There are factors we can indicate the family background. One of it is the family financial
status or socioeconomic status, the money or financial that a family earns at a given
time and place and it can be form either weekly or monthly salary as well as returns got
from a job or business. Family size is the total number of members in the student’s
family in addition to the student himself. Family relationship refers to any positive or
negative impression or effect that families exercise with each other.( Muthoni, 2013)
can have worst outcomes to an individual especially the child, family development and
functioning. Divorce affects roughly half of the eve- married population. More than half
of divorce parents happen in families with minor children each year in some countries.
couples and families, also, there are may signs of difficulties with parenting as well and
these have major consequences for psychological development and behavioral health.
Another very influential factor is attachment. One’s attachment style is associated with a
wide range of outcomes across the psychological, interpersonal, and social entities
the prospects of inter-generational mobility. This connect from all manner of family
and other interrelated factors. Many of the concept that are unmarried in some countries
that would affect their family development. Parental education is commonly identified as
the good indicator of family background characteristics. Highly educated parents tend to
Family system not only enables a person grow up, get socialized and find his/her
own identity, but also reflects the structure and culture as well as values, expectations
and rules of the society. Thus, family lays a bridge for the child to be a part of the
society and life. It is primarily the family who ensure that the individual is content with
life, fulfills his/her duties and comports with the societal norms. The experiences and
models that the family set for the child play an important role in developing positive
social behaviors and values. Family should function properly in order for the child to
evolve into a healthy individual. Family structure and place of resident are influential
within the students , bad attitudes as an inhibited style described as withdrawn , lonely
or feeling sad , depressed and anxious . Accordingly , children with aggressive behavior
internalizing behavioral problems happen under some various health , mental emotional
and social problems that are more likely to give concerns to clinical procedures (e.g .,
physical fighting , body dysmorphism and self – harm . ( Mc Grath and Elgar, 2015 )
The behavioral problems are having a big impact on student’s bodily and social
important role in the development of one’s personality. The quality and nature of the
parental nurturance that the student receives will profoundly affect his or her future
problems may be helpful ao identify at risk student especially in school setting. Also
relationship gets disrupted and creates family conflicts and disharmony and only few
family provides the right type of environment to the developing child or student. May
studies have shown that children or students with various kinds of psychiatric and
behavioral problems tend to come from homes or schools that are disadvantage in
Although personal values have been identified in some studies, systematic theory-
based that relates the personal values and behaviors. People from different cultures
vary in the extent to which they use their own internal attitudes to guide their behavior.
Thus, there are strong relationship of personal values and behaviors toward cultural
patterns. Culture control the personal values and behaviors and cultures also
In specialized literature, the issue of students’ mental and emotional entities are
analyzed in relation to their attitudes. Some authors believe that the students’ attitudes
and acceptance of school tasks. Attitudes also talks about the students’ way of
thinking, students react differently towards other students, some lay stress on
the students’ level of consciousness, personality and the way they act to
others.(Anghelache, 2013)
elaborate students’ decisions and actions. Attitudes act with various functions as it
serve to help students to achieve what they want and avoid from harm. Attitudes are
controlled, as the students were being exposed to new environment, information and
experiences can lead them to change their attitudes accordingly.(Bizer, Barden & Petty,
2003)
be expressed by the evaluation of some entities like mental and emotional that is being
possessed by a certain person. An attitude cannot be seen or exist from a person until
he or she responds evaluative towards the factors with affect and behavior. Attitudes
the person act towards hi or her environment which produces a psychological patterns.
Also, attitudes have diverse works and functions, each assumes that general need,
responses to all things and situation to which he or she is related. In a simple definition
common way due both a student’s experience temperament and environment. Typically,
student’s attitudes toward preventive medicine leads to his or her poison of view or
personal perspective about a certain situations, how he or she feels, as well as the
problems.(Pickens, 2005)
People concern passionately about some attitudes and consider them deeply
The likes and dislikes of the students and it is being constructed has held an especially
opportunities and central status. In fact, attitudes have commonly referred to as the
most distinctive and indespensible concept of every person. For a social psychologist,
attitudes are practically and theoretically important for them because it is predictable
and have powerful effects on behavior. Some students are more likely than to others to
performing behavior. An attitude towards an act is the degree to which a person has a
authors seem to have derived their views on personal attitudes from Theory of Planned
Behavior (TPB) model. This theory states that individuals’ attitudes towards certain
actions are subjective conscious phenomena. It refers to the degree to which individuals
mental affair that deeply lies within oneself. At the same time, the environment can also
influence it. In summary, personal attitude is a mentally prepared state for any known
A family is far more than a collection of individuals sharing a specific physical and
properties all on its own, one that has evolved a set of responsibilities, is replete with
assigned and ascribed roles for its members, has an organized power structure, has
improved intricate overt and covert forms of communication and has elaborated ways of
negotiating and problem solving that permit various tasks to be performed effectively. In
the process of growing up, family members develop individual identities but
nevertheless remain attached to the family group. These family members do not live in
isolation, but rather are interdependent on one another – not just for money, food and
shelter but also for love, affection, interdependence, socialization and other common
needs. A well functioning family encourages the realization of the individual potential of
its members, allowing them freedom for exploration and self – discovery along with
protection and the instillation of a sense of security. This may not be the case in a
family that experiences conflicts. A child’s attitudes, standards and values will slowly be
formed by what he learns from his or her parent thus parents should lead by example.
Parents need to spend more time with their children, to talk to them and show them
love. As a parent, one should help their children to learn from mistakes of others. In
today’s society, parents hardly spend any time with their children. Parents should find
time to listen to their children’s problems and difficulties. It was also indicated that when
children see that their parents love each other, they are assured that their parents love
them. He also asserted that parents should always tell their children the reason why
they have to beat them and praise their children more often than they punish them.
Researchers have found interdependence between depressed persons and their social
contexts. This is especially true in the case of parent’s depression and children’s
adjustment.(Wanjiku, 2010)
status (SES), behavioral problems are generally more common and investigated among
lower socioeconomic status (SOS) students. However, least is being understood about
both of these two factors that underlie their relationships and their developmental
origins. This regards to the materials in students behavioral problems and how these
relationships are also being affected by contextual influences within the family,
relationships and other physical health, mental health and behavioral results for
students. Negative family relationships and experiences are associated with a such a
wide range of negative results for students and the notion that many of the students can
adapt directly in the face of severe diversity. Essentially, the children who can
appropriately control their responses to stress may be buffered from the negative
physical and mental health problems of negative family relationship. In contrast, the
children who display uncontrolled stress responses may be more like to be at risk for
Goldberg, 2011)
The ways and process that family shape their children’s development and
Looking at a wide range of outcome studies, the review concludes that the quality of
views of themselves, including their own sense of self worth and assessing their own
selves the way they act and respond. Aggressive behavior, the more extreme the
circumstances for parents, the worst the outcomes for students and mental or emotional
disturbance. Some students went to school feel depressed, anxiety, and other
home and family life should be considered. Several family factors can affect a child’s
behavior and ability to perform in the classroom. These include economic instability,
changes in family relationships and incidents of child abuse. Economic instability,
poverty can affect school readiness in several ways. Children from lower-income homes
caregivers, a lack of supervision, poor nutrition and poor role-modeling. Some studies
show that children from lower-income families tend to have less in communication and
conducted by the Society for Research in Child Development also found that children
from low-income families received less positive parenting and had higher levels of
cortisol, which has been associated with lower levels of cognitive development.
Changes in family relationships, divorce has long been linked to behavior problems,
anxiety and depression in children. This is often because single-parent homes feature
parents struggling with their own feelings of depression and anxiety, accomplishing
household responsibilities previously held by two people and meeting more financial
demands. Child abuse can happen by way of physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect,
child abuse are known to be at high risk for engaging in risky behaviors and acting out
in school. They might have problems socializing with other children and adults and
Theoretical Framework
interaction, relationship and focuses on family behavior, the way the members of the
family act and respond with each other. Intercommunication, interaction patterns,
Socialization Theory
According to Muthoni (2013), this theory states that every person like a
student needs a skills to act as an active member in the society and is the most
important learning process as a person can experience. Even though, cultural variability
controls in the actions, customs and attitudes of entire social groups, the most essential
demonstration of cultures is found at the individual level. This demonstration can only
happen after a student or individual has been influenced by his or her family, family
According to Ugwuja (2010), this theory state that the child or student
forms a active emotional connection with another person (family or parents) with lifelong
consequences. Some theorist said that having a sensitive and emotionally presence
parenting helps child or student to develop a secure connection which foster his or her
emotionally available parenting or disregarding the needs of the child or student will
result in insecure forms of attachment, which is a bad factor for some mental and
Conceptual Framework
that includes four indicators such as socioeconomic or financial status, parent`s relation,
family attitudes and family size .Family background remains as an significant variable to
explain the students` attitudes or interaction with others. The question of how the
students` family background affects their attitudes in school is often seen as an issue.
attitudes and family size . Socioeconomic status is being measured through family
occupation and financial resources since income is volatile and changing in time (Brese
quarrel between the parents of a certain family that may also result to a conflict on
student`s attitudes. Family size refers to the number of member s within the family,
correlation between siblings that parental income is being shared low when family size
On the other hand the dependent variable which is the personal attitude that
includes two indicators such as mental and emotional entity. Student –rearing attitudes
are factors that determine an individual to act either good or bad into other students.
Attitudes are significantly considered involving the interaction in school that exist in the
intentions to hurt other students , have the desires to harass or kill and not to give
respect .unto others .This negative feeling and actions distract student , teachers and
Socioeconomic or Mental
financial status Emotional
Parent’s relation
Family attitude
Family size
could possibly conduct to discipline any prior identified problems about student`s
personal attitude to family background . Also, this will be one of the bases of the school
In addition, this will help the parents to understand their role as counterpart of
the teacher in raising their children responsibly through impulsing good manner and
right conduct despite of their family background that may be the factor in every
student`s attitude. This will give a prior knowledge to the parents about the significant
effects of family background towards the children /students personal attitude so that
they will be guided in having a more stable family .Moreover, this research study will
notify every students who has different family background to be conscious and aware
with their personal attitudes especially when getting along with their teacher, co-
Definition of Terms
attitude in terms of their mental, emotional entity and the way they act to the other
person.
Chapter II - Method
Research Design
Research Locale
School (NNCHS) where we particularly conducted our research study. This school is
front of the Nabunturan Central Elementary School and in between the Nabunturan
PhilHealth Office and Nabunturan Town Square (5’1). this school is the biggest
institution in the whole municipality of Nabunturan and tagged as the “Home of the
Achievers.” also catered Junior and Senior High School as well. This study was officially
The respondents of this study were all of the Senior High School students of
the respondents from the NNCHS - SHS with almost 1,400 students. From the said
respond for the study. The table below shows the distribution of respondents from the
Research Instrument
was used to determine the level of students’ personal attitudes in terms of their family
relation, family attitudes and family size from the dependent variable which, on the other
entities. Each classified are consisted ten (10) questionnaires that was used in
each indicators. Using the Likert Scale, 4 means always 0 means never for both areas.
circumstances
circumstances.
To measure the level of students’ personal attitudes, the following parameter limits
were used:
SHS. Upon receiving the approved letter, the researchers will automatically provide a
copy of the approval letter to the class adviser of each classrooms or sections where
As the request was granted, the student - researcher distributed personally the
questionnaire forms to the respondents of the study. Before the respondents will answer
the questionnaires, instructions must be given to have a true and reliable answers for
each questions. Each item in the questionnaires was explained precisely for the
questionnaires serve its purpose, the researchers will recover it all immediately after the
respondents answered.
After all the answers were checked and immediately solidified it through
Microsoft Excel File. The integrated information was submitted to the analyst for fitting
factual treatment.
The researchers objective is to examine and interpreted the result based on the
study.
Statistical Treatment of Data
Average Weighted Mean. This tool was used to determine the profile of student’s
Pearson-r or Product Moment Correlation. This test was used to determine the
significant relationship between the profile of student’s family background and the
Regression Analysis. This was utilized to find out the effect of the profile of