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Analgesics: Anticonvulsants
Analgesics: Anticonvulsants
Ativan Lorazepam
Valium Diazepam
Xanax Alprazolam
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19-2 SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS
Aldactone Spironolactone
Dyrenium Triamterene
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19-3
ANTIHYPERTENSIVES –(PRIL)
• ACE Inhibitors
• Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
(potent vasoconstrictor)-Causing vasodilation and
PVR (peripheral vascular resistance) without cardiac ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS
output/rate/contractility-Aldosterone is also blocked, -(ZOSYN)
causing a in Na+ and H2O retention. Side effect: • Dilate blood vessels and (PVR)
Nagging, nonproductive cough, angioedema
Common Brand Names Generic Names Common Brand Names Generic Names
Altace Ramipril
Hytrin Terazosin
Capoten Captopril
Minipress Prazosin
Prinivil, Zestril Lisinopril
Vasotec Enalapril
BETA BLOCKERS-(OLOL)
❧ Prevent sympathetic stimulation of the heart,
thus HR and contractility. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
❧ myocardial irritability, depress • Block Na+ influx into the beta-receptors
automaticity of SA node, speed of AV & • force of myocardial contraction/conductivity
intraventricular conduction • HR, PVR.
❧ suppress release of renin from the kidneys. • Produce relaxation of coronary & vascular
smooth muscle; dilates coronary arteries;
Common Brand Names Generic Names myocardial O2 delivery, O2 demand.
• Side effect: edema, dysrhythmias
Inderal Propranolol
Common Brand Names Generic Names
Lopressor Metoprolol Tartrate
Toprol-XL Metoprolol Succinate Cardizem Diltiazem
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19-4
NITRATES
ARBS-(SARTAN) ❧ Peripheral and coronary vasodilators.
• block binding of angiotensin II ❧ Treat/prevent angina, BP, preload/afterload,
at the receptor site, preventing myocardial O2 demand.
vasoconstriction & aldosterone ❧ **NI=rotate transdermal patches/remove after 12-14
secreting effect usually caused hours =(“patch free” interval of 10-12 hours daily)
by angiotensin II
BIGUANIDES
• hepatic glucose production &
intestinal absorption of glucose GLITAZONES-(GLITAZONE)
• improves insulin sensitivity ❧ Decrease insulin resistance
(tissue response to insulin)
Brand Names Generic Names
Brand Names Generic Names
Actos Pioglitazone
Glucophage Metformin
Avandia Rosiglitazone
• *Initial drug therapy for newly DX T2DM.
• *Most common side effect: GI. ❧ *Edema; HF secondary to renal retention of fluid
• *Rare side effect: Lactic acidosis
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19-5
ANTILIPIDEMICS
ANTIEMETICS ❧ STATINS (HMG-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS)
• Act by /preventing ❧ Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an early step in
nausea & vomiting cholesterol production
❧ *Rhabdomyolysis, Hepatotoxicity
MISCELLANEOUS ANTILIPIDEMICS
Questran Cholestyramine
• Bile acid sequestrant • Binds bile acids,
(food additive improving impeding absorption
quality) (elimination in feces)
GI STIMULANT
• Act by resting tone of esophageal sphincter
• Promotes gastric emptying/intestinal transit
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19-6
CORTICOSTEROIDS
• inflammation, produce intentional
STOOL SOFTENERS immunosuppression, and treat adrenocortical
❧ surface tension of interfacing liquid insufficiency
contents of the bowel-promoting additional
liquid into stools=softer mass. Brand Names Generic Names
Celestone Betamethasone
Brand Names Generic Names Decadron Dexamethasone
Colace Docusate Sodium Deltasone Prednisone
Surfak Docusate Calcium Solu-Cortef Hydrocortisone
Solu-Medrol Methylprednisolone
ANTI-INFECTIVES
❧ Aminoglycosides
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19-7
CARBAPENEMS
PENICILLINS Brand Names Generic Names
Invanz Ertapenem
Brand Names Generic Names
Merrem Meropenem
Amoxil Amoxicillin
Primaxin Imipenem
Omnipen Ampicillin
Unipen Nafcillin
Pipracil Piperacillin
Zosyn Piperacillin/Tazobactam FLUOROQUINOLONES (oxacin)
VANCOMYCIN
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19-8
INSULINS
• blood glucose by transporting glucose into cells
• promoting conversion of glucose to glycogen
• inhibiting the liver from changing glycogen to glucose Names Onset Peak Duration
Lispro
Types of Insulins Names 5m 60-90min 4-6h
(Humalog)
Insulin Lispro-Humalog
Rapid-Acting Aspart 10-20m 1-3h 3-5h
Insulin Aspart-Novolog
(Novolog)
Regular SQ: 30-60m SQ: 2-4h SQ: 5-7h
Regular Insulin-Humulin R IV: 10-30m IV: 15-30m IV: 30-60m
(Humulin R)
• Regular insulin is the
Short-Acting only one given IV
• Concentrated U-500 2-3h 5-7h
insulin-Insulin U-500
NPH
(Humulin N, Novolin 8-12h 18-24h
Intermediate-Acting NPH-Humulin N, Novolin R R)
Insulin Glargine-Lantus Glargine
• Cannot mix with None 24h
Long-Acting (Lantus)
others
Insulin Detemir-Levemir Detemir
3-14h 24h
NPH/REG (Levemir)
• Humulin 50/50
• Humulin 70/30 NPH
• Novolin 70/30 (Humulin 50/50,
Humulin 70/30,
4-8h 24h
Novolin 70/30)
Premixed Aspart
protamine/aspart Apart
Protamine/aspart 1-4h 24h
• Novolog Mix 70/30 (Novolog mix 70/30)
Lispro
Lispro protamine/lispro Protamine/lispro 2.8h 24h
• Humalog Mix 75/25 (Humalog mix 75/25)
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