CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research procedures that will be used in this study. It
includes the research design, participants/respondents of the study, data gathering
instrument and procedure, and treatment of data.

Research Design

This study used a quantitative descriptive method of collecting and gathering

data. As a descriptive design it aims to observe and report on the impact of road
widening projects on the businesses along the road of Alangilan, Batangas City. The
study made use of questionnaire as research instrument to collect information.

All the data gathered from the respondents were organized, tailed, tabularized
and presented in a series of tables and graphs. Frequency counts, percentage weight
values and weighted mean were used in the analysis and interpretation of data.

Context and Participants

The study focuses on the effects of the road widening projects of the government
on the businesses along the road of Alangilan, Batangas City. The research is only
limited until the last semester of the school year 2018-2019.

The participants of the study are the owner of the businesses along the road of
Alangilan, Batangas City, specifically 10 boys and 10 girls. All types of business are
considered in this study, whether micro, small, or medium sizes of business. It does not
require any educational attainment, what important is they own a particular business on
the selected

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers gathered essential data information from books and other past
research study materials related to the problems of the study being investigated. With
the used of the gathered data information and other research materials, researchers
came up to develop questionnaires and conceptual framework. The data gathered from
library also served as a guide for the construction of the research study. After the
approval of the topic, and the drafting and checking of the questionnaire by their
research adviser, researchers prepared letter of request for the participants to ask for
the permission to allow researchers distribute questionnaires that is to be answered by
every participant.

The survey will be conducted in Alangilan, Batangas City. The owners of every
business that can be found along the road of Alangilan, Batangas City are the expected
participant of the study. After the survey being conducted, data will be gathered,
tabulated, interpreted, and analyzed. Then, the findings and recommendations of the
study will be formulated and finalized.

Data Collection Instruments

The study being conducted primarily focus on the impact of road widening project
to the businesses along the road of Alangilan, Batangas City. The researchers used
questionnaire as the instrument for gathering data from the respondents. According to
McLeod, S., 2018, A questionnaire is the research instrument consisting of series of
questions for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. The researchers
determined that questionnaire provides adequate information that supports the study.
The questionnaire is relatively cheap, quick, and efficient way of obtaining large
amounts of information from the large amount of people (McLeod, S., 2018).

The questionnaire consists of questions that identify the change in land property,
number of customer, change in income, other impacts, and the general effect of road
widening project to the businesses. The rankings and verbal interpretations of values
used by the researchers are from 4 - 1 (i.e. 4 – great extent, 3 –moderate extent, 2 -
sum extent, and 1 - small extent). The usage of verbal interpretations strengthens the
accuracy of the data provided by the respondents. Furthermore, the researchers
ensured that all the details are presented in the questionnaire for the respondents.

Data Analysis

After the data gathering process, every data was employed in this study through
a descriptive method. With this procedure, the results were handled with through
observation of the surrounding businesses at the road at Alangilan, and were treated
with, and only with what’s related with the study. Through this flexibility, thematic
analysis allows for rich, detailed and complex description of data.

Every data gathered from the selected respondents were treated with utmost
confidentiality so as to contribute greatly and effectively in the study being conducted.
Furthermore, the researchers eliminated biases to the condition in order to avoid
conflicts with the respondent.

Statistical Treatment

The data will be collected, tallied, analyzed, and statistically treated to come up
with the accurate findings. Researchers will use Frequency Analysis, Pearson’s r and
Weighted Mean.

Frequency Analysis. This will be used in the study to identify the number of the
businesses along the road of Alangilan, Batangas city that have their either small,
medium or large portion of land property taken by the Road Widening Project, and the
number of the businesses to decrease, average, increase or no effect on the
profitability, and number of the businesses to have low, medium, high and no effect on
its accessibility. The frequency will be determine by the number of respondents
answered each sub-questions, then compute the percentage by the total number of
respondents.

Pearson’s r. This is used to measure the strength of the linear relationship

between two variables. It is referred to as Pearson's correlation or simply as the
correlation coefficient. If the relationship between the variables is not linear, then the
correlation coefficient does not adequately represent the strength of the relationship
between the variables. The present study used Pearson's r as it aims to determine if
there is a significant relationship of accessibility and profitability. The group of scores of
accessibility and profitability will be treated to solve the r that will ascertain the
relationship of the two categories.

Weighted Mean. This will be used in the study to determine the extent of impact
that the Road Widening project made on the Businesses along the road of Alangilan,
Batangas City. The quantities were averaged and can determine the relative importance
of each on the average. The weighted mean of each sub-questions will be produced by
adding all the values from the number of respondents times the value of the given
options answered, then to find the weighted mean of the extent is by computing the
average of all the weighted means of the sub-questions.

Likert Scale

Option Scale/Range Verbal interpretation

4 3.50 - 4.00 To a great extent
3 2.50 - 3.49 To a moderate extent
2 1.50 - 2.49 To a sum extent
1 1.00 - 1.49 To a small extent