FABM 1 Notes
FABM 1 Notes
Nature of Accounting
1. Accounting is a process
2. Accounting is an art
3. Accounting deals with financial information and
transactions
4. Accounting is a means and not an end.
5. Accounting is an information system.
FREQUENCY OF REPORTS
The BOD represents the interest of the stockholders and According to the Cooperative Code of the Philippines, “ a
they are responsible for creating operating policies for the cooperative is a duly registered association of persons,
company. Stockholders can also be a member of BOD. with a common bond of interest , who have voluntarily
joined together to achieve a lawful common social or
6. Government regulations – Corp are subject to stricter economic end, making equitable contributions to the
government regulations than sole proprietorship and capital required and accepting a fair share of the risks
partnership. Corp are closely monitored by the and benefits of the undertaking in accordance with the
government, being the major contributor to the income of universally accepted cooperative principles”.
the whole economy.
Cooperative is an association of individuals who share a
Government regulations are designed not only for the common goal. Membership in a cooperative shall be
protection of public interest, but also for the stockholders’ voluntary and available to all individuals regardless of the
as well. their social, political, racial, or religious background and
7. Double taxation beliefs.
The primary objective of a cooperative is to provide 4. It shall exist for a period not exceeding 50 years from
goods and services to its members and enable them to the date of formation. The cooperative term may be
attain increased income and savings. A cooperative may extended for periods not exceeding 50 years
be formed at least 15 persons for any of the following
5. A cooperative has its set of BOD
purposes:
6. Income of cooperative (called net surplus) belongs to
1. To encourage thrift and savings mobilization among
its members.
the members.
2. To generate funds and extend credit to the members
for productive and provident purposes. TYPE OF BUSINESS ACCORDING TO ACTIVITIES
3. To encourage among members systematic production FABM1
and marketing
MARY ANN D. LEOPANDO
4. To provide goods and services and other
requirements to the members
5. To develop expertise and skills among its members What is business
6. To acquire lands and provide housing benefits for the A BUSINESS is an organization that converts inputs or
members resources such as material, labor, and overhead into
outputs which are usually either goods or services.
7. To insure against losses of the members
3 types of business
8. To promote and advance the economic, social, and
educational status of the members. 1. Service Companies
1. It can be sue and be sued under its own name 3. Manufacturing Companies
RETAILER
The existence of Holding inventories
A merchandising company that sells goods directly to tangible products involves management and
customers or to final consumers. Goods are sold in small provides a leeway to require cost and security
quantities. merchandising
companies to make
WHOLESALER
customers notice
A merchandising company that sells goods to retailers. their products,
Goods are sold in big quantities or in volumes. thereby promoting
sales.
Operating cycle of merchandising companies
• Cash on Hand Consume less
conversion time,
• Buys goods
effort, and cost
• Stores goods as inventory
• Sells inventory
KINDS OF RETAILER
• Receives payment from customers
1. DEPARTMENT STORES – carry a wide variety of
product lines
2. SUPERMARKET – sells a variety of food and
household products
3. SPECIALTY STORES – carry a variety of models for
one kind or limited product lines. Ex. Cellphone stores
4. CONVINIENCE STORES –carry high turn-over goods, They earn revenues primarily from the sale of
24hrs a day, 7 days a week, their prices are higher than manufactured products. Their products can be sold
those of supermarkets directly to consumers, retailers, and other manufacturers.
5. SUPERSTORES – larger supermarkets and Manufacturing has its operating cycle generally has the
department stores have emerged. Ex; Puregold , S&R, longest period compared to service and merchandising.
Landmark, Savemore The cycle has additional phase which is the production of
goods.
6. FACTORY OUTLET – different manufacturers are
grouped together in one factory outlet mall. The outlets Operating cycle of manufacturing companies
are located in places far from the cities and offers a
• Cash on hand
variety of choices.
• Pays for inputs (material, labor, overhead)
7. DIRECT SELLING – one-on-one selling. One seller
approaches a buyer . Many times the buyers are friends • Converts input into finished goods
or relatives of the seller.
• Stores finished goods as inventory
• Sells inventory
MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
• Receives payment from customers
Manufacturing companies or simply manufacturers , are
relatively complicated organizations than service and
merchandising companies.
They creates their own products. They use raw materials,
components, or parts which are processed using
machines, computers, and labor to produce finished
goods.
Manufacturers typically employ large-scale production
which is done in manufacturing plants.
Advantages and disadvantages of manufacturing
companies
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
Managing inventory