SEQUENCE SERIES

EXERCISE – 3
Q.1
Let the numbers be a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d.
As given  a  3d    a  d    a  d    a  3d   24 &  a  3d  a  d  a  d  a  3d   945

 
Hence a = 6 & a 2  9d 2 a 2  d 2  945 . 
Substituting the value of a gives d 4  40d 2  39  0

Therefore d  1 or  39
As numbers are integers hence d must be 1 or – 1.
Hence the number are {3, 5, 7, 9}.
Q.2
Let the numbers be a, ar, ar 2 so that a  ar  ar 2  70 & 4a, 4ar, 4ar 2 are in A.P.
1
 
Now, 4a 1  r 2  10ar  2r 2  5r  2  0  2 or
2
From a  ar  ar 2  70 & r = 2 gives a = 10, hence numbers are 10, 20, 40.
Q.3
2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1
S   3  3  5  5  ..... terms  S  1  2  4  ...... terms
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
1 9
S  .
1 8
1
32
Q.4
4 5 4 5 4 5
S      ..... terms
7 7 2 73 7 4 t 4 76
4 4 4   5 5 5 
 S    3  5  .... terms     2  4  6  .... terms 
7 7 7   7 7 7 
4 5
7 2 23
S  7  .
1 1 48
1 2 1 2
7 7
Q.5

   
S  1  1  b  r  a  b  b 2 r 2  1  b  b3 r 3  .... terms

     
  a  b  S  1  b   1  b 2 r  1  b3 r 2  1  b 4 r 3  .... terms

  
 1  b  S  1  r  r 2  r 3  ... terms  b 1  br  b 2 r 2  b3 r 3  ... terms 

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 1 b
S  s
1  r 1  b  1  br 1  b 
Q.6
Let b  ar, c  ar 2 & d  ar 3
2 2 2
Now, L.H.S.   ar  ar 2    ar 2  a    ar 3  ar 
2 2 2 2 2
 a 2 r 2 1  r   a 2 1  r  1  r   a 2 r 2 1  r  1  r 
2

 a 2 1  r  r 4  2r 3  3r 2  2r  1 
2 2

 a 2 1  r  r 2  r  1 
2 2

 a  ar 3   a  d
Q.7

2ab h 2 ab
g  ab & h   
ab g ab

a  b 13 a 1 13
Hence  . Let x 
ab 6 b x 6
2 a 4
Therefore x    .
3 b 9
Q.8
Let b  ar, c  ar 2 & d  ar 3

 x4  r4 

Now, ax 3  bx 2  cx  d  a x 3  rx 2  r 2 x 3  r 3  a   
 xr 


Also ax 3  c  a x 2  r 2 
Clearly ax 2  c is a factor of ax3  bx 2  cx  d

Q.9
2

Let the numbers be 2, 2  d, 2  2d,

 2  2d  ,18
2d
2

Now, 2  2d,
 2  2d  ,18 are in H.P. hence  2  2d  
2   2  2d  18
2d 2d  2  2d   18
1 d 9
 d  1 or   d 2  2d  8  0 .
2  d 10  d

d  1  c  0 but no term of a G>P. may be zero hence d  1 .

Hence, d  2 or 4

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 d  2  a  2, b  4, c  6, d  9, e  18

d  4  a  2, b  2, c  6, d  18, e  18 .

Q.10
Sn 1 4  2  5  3  6  4  7  ....n terms  t n  n   n  3
n n
 Sn   r 2  3   r
r 1 r 1

n  n  1 2n  1 n  n  1
 Sn   3
6 2
n  n  1 n  5 
 Sn 
3
Q.11
Sn  1 2  3  2  3  4  3  4  5  ....n terms  t n  n   n  1   n  2 
n n n
 Sn   r 3  3   r 2  2   r
r 1 r 1 r 1
2
n 2  n  1 n  n  1 2n  1 n  n  1
 Sn   3  2
4 6 2
n  n  1 n  2  n  2 
 Sn 
4
Q.12
1 1 1 1 
tn   tn   
 3n  2 3n  1 3  3n  2 3n  1 
1 n  1 1 
 Sn     
3 r 1  3r  2 3r  1 
1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1 1
 Sn          .....  
3  1 4 4 7 7 10  3n  2 3n  1
1 1  n
 Sn   1  
3  3n  1  3n  1
Q.13 (i)
t r   3r  1   r  1
n n n
 Sn  3   r 2  2   r  1
r 1 r 1 r 1

n  n  1 2n  1 n  n  1
 Sn  3   2 n
6 2

 Sn 

n 2n 2  5n  1 
2
Q.13 (ii)
n
1
Sn  
r 1  2r  1 2r  1
1 n  1 1 
Sn     
2 r 1   2r  1  2r  1 

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 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
Sn   1        ....  
2 3 3 5 5 7 7  2n  1  2n  1 
1 1  n
Sn  1   
2   2n  1  2n  1
Q.14
Sn  1.1  2.01  3.001  ....n terms
1 1 1 
Sn  1  2  3  ...n terms     2  3  .....n terms 
 10 10 10 

Sn 
n  n  1

10 n
1 
n
2 9  10
Q.15
n m n n  n  1
1   m 
m 1 r 1 m 1 2

Q.16
Sn  1  tan x  tan 2 x  tan 3 x  ...

1 3 3
Sn  
1  tan x 2
1 3 1
 tan x  
3 3 3
1
 tan x  K 
3

x  .
6
Q.17
th a
If side of k th square is a, then side of  k  1 square will be .
2
th a2
Hence if area of k th square a 2 , then area of  k  1 square will be .
2
1
Now as given, side of 0 th square is 1 hence of 1st square will be .
2
1 1
that of second square will be , that of third square will be ….
2 2 2
1
so side of k th square will be k /2 .
2
1
Area of k th square will be k .
2
1 1 1
Sum of areas will be 1   2  3  .... terms
2 2 2
i.e. 2.

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Q.18
S  sin x  sin 2x  sin 3x  ....  sin nx
x
Multiply throughout by 2sin to get
2
 x x x x x
 2 sin  S  2sin sin x  2sin sin 2x  2sin sin 3x  .....  2 sin sin nx
 2 2 2 2 2
 x x 3x
  2sin  S  cos  cos  cos  cos
3x 5x
 cos
5x
 cos
7x
 ....  cos
 2n  1 x
 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 x x
  2sin  S  cos  cos
 2n  1 x
 2 2 2

cos
x
 cos
 2n  1 x sin  n  1  x sin nx
 
S 2 2   2  2
x x
2 sin sin
2 2
Q.19
x
a  a 2  a 3  .... terms =
1 x
Differentiate w.r.to x to get
1
1  2x  3x 2  .... terms = 2
1  x 
Q.20
2
t n   2n  1 2n  1  8n 3  4n 2  2n  1

n n n
3 2
 Sn  8   r  4   r  2   r  n
r 1 r 1 r 1
2
n 2  n  1 n  n  1 2n  1 n  n  1
 Sn  8   4  2 n
4 6 2
1

 Sn  n 6n 3  16n 2  9n  4
3


Q.21
13  23  33....n terms n  n  1
tn   tn 
1  2  3  ....n terms 2
n n
1 1
 Sn   r 2   r
2 r 1 2 r 1
n  n  1 2n  1 n  n  1
 Sn  
12 4
n  n  1 n  2 
 Sn 
6
Q.22
1 2
tn   tn 
1  2  3  ....n terms n  n  1

CENTERS : MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 5
 n
1
 Sn  2  
r 1 r  r  1
n
1 1 
 Sn  2     
r 1  r r 1 
 1  2n
 Sn  2   1  
 n 1  n 1
Q.23
4 7 10 n 1 3n  2
Sn  1     ....   1
2 4 8 2n 1
1 1 4 7 n 1 3n  5 n 1 3n  2
Sn     ....   1 n 1
  1
2 2 4 8 2 2n
n 1   1  n 1  3n  2  
 Sn   1      n  
 2   2 
Q.24
n  n  1
Total number of terms by the end of n th group  1  2  3  ....  n 
2
n  n  1  n  n  1 
  1
th 2  2 
Sum of all the terms till  n  1 group 
2
n  n  1  n  n  1  n  n  1
  1 1
2  2  2
Sum of n th group  
2 2

 Sum of n th group 

n n 12

2
Q.25
n  n  1
Total number of terms by the end of n th group  1  2  3  ....n 
2
2
 n  n  1 
Sum of all the terms till n th group   
 2 
2
th  n  n  1 
Sum of all the terms till  n  1 group   
 2 
2 2
th  n  n  1   n  n  1 
Sum of n group     
 2   2 
 Sum of n th group  n 3
Q.26
The given number may be written as
N  9  8 10 2  8 10  8 103  ....  8 10n 1  4 10n  4 10 n 1  ....  4 102n 1

 N 9

80 10 n 1  1   4 10 10 n n

1
9 9

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 4 102n  4 10n  1
N
9
3
 2 000...01
  2 2
 2 10n  1   n 1digits   
N      666...67
  
 3   3   n1digits 
 
Q.27
r2 r2
tr   t r 
r4  r2  1 r2  r 1 r2 11   
 2t r 
 r r  1   r
2 2
 r 1 
 r  r  1 r
2 2
 r  1
1 1
 2t r   2
 1
r  r 1 r  r 1   
n
r2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hence 2    1       ....  2  2
r 1
4 2
r  r 1 3 3 7 7 13 n  n 1 n  n 1    
r2n
1 1
 4 2  
r 1 r  r  1
2
2 2 n  n 1  
Q.28
S  x  2x 2  3x 3  ....  nx n
xS  x 2  2x 2  ....   n  1 x n  nx n 1

1  x  S  x  x 2  x3  ....  x n  nx n 1
S

x 1 xn   nx n 1

2
1  x  1 x
2
 x 2  x  1   n  1 x n 1  nx n  2 
n 2

 1  x  2x  3x  ....  nx 

2 3
2  

  1  x  
Expanding the square and considering only those terms in which index of x
2 4
Does’t exceed n gives  x 2  x  1 1  x 
4
Now coefficient of x n in 1  x  will be 3 r
C3
4
Hence the coefficient of x n in  x 4  2x 3  3x 3  2x  1 1  x  will be
n 1
C3  2  n C3  3  n 1 C3  2  n  2 C3  n 3
C3

i.e.

n n 2  11 
6
Q.29
n n  n  1
Sn   Sn 
r 1 2

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 n n
1 2
 
r 1 Sr r 1 r  r  1

n n
1 1 1 
  2   
r 1 Sr r 1  r r 1 
n
1  1  2n
  2  1  
r 1 Sr  n 1  n 1
Q.30
C

ar
tan B  a
r
ar ar2 Also a 2  a 2 r 2  a 2 r 4
 r4  r2 1  0
a 5
r
2
A a B

Q.31

T1  ABC, where AB  BC, B  , let BCA  BCA  1 , then 1
2
  1
T2 A1BC, where A1B  A1C, BA1C   2 , Let A1BC  BCA1   2 , then  2  .
2
   n 1  
Hence  n  . Now Let lim  n  lim  n 1  , then   or   .
2 n  n  2 3
As n  , Tn  an equilateral triangle.
Q.32
x 4 sin 1  x 3 sin 2  ....  sin 5  2  x 4 sin 1  x 3 sin 2  ....  sin 5  2
4 3
or x sin 1  x sin 2  ....  sin 5  2 .
    1
Now for i    ,  , sin i  0, 
 6 6  2
4 3 1 3
 x  x  ....  1  4 or  4 . Hence x  .
1 x 4
Q.33
540  33  22  5
  
Sum of all the proper divisors  1  3  32  33 1  2  22 1  5   1  540 i.e. 1680.
Q.34

Required sum 
1  3  5  ....  2n  1
2

 12  32  52  ....   2n  1 
2

n 4

 4n 2

1
3 n

2
or
6

3n 3  4n 2  1 . 
CENTERS : MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 8
Q.35
 1 1 2   2 2 4   2n 2n 2n 1 
    
 x  1 x  1 x 2 1   x2  1 x 2  1 x 4  1   ....   2n  2n
 2n 1 
     x 1 x  1 x 1 
1 1 2 4 2n 2 ln
     ....  2n  n1 .
x 1 x 1 x2  1 x4 1 x 1 x2 1
Hence
1 2 4 2n 1 2 ln
   ....  2n   n 1
x 1 x2  1 x 4 1 x  1 x 1 x 2  1
Q.36
1 x2 x4 x 2n 2
S    .... 
1  x  1  x 3 
1  x 1  x  1  x 1  x 
3 5
1  x 1  x 
5 7 2n 1 2n 1

1  x   1  x  1  x   1  x  1  x   1  x 
3 3
1  x   1  x 
5 5 7 2n 1 2n 1

 x  x  S  1  x  1  x  1  x 1  x  1  x 1  x  ....  1  x 1  x
3

       
3 3 5
  
5 7 2n 1 2n 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Or x 3  x S         ....  
 
1  x 3 1  x  1  x 5 1  x3 1  x7  
1 x5  
1  x 2n 1  
1  x 2n 1     
1  1 1 
Or S  3  2n 1
 .
x  x 1  x 1  x  
Q.37
A0 A1  1  AA1  cot 
 A1A2  AA1 sin   cos  ,
A 2 A 3  A1A 2 cos   cos 2  ,
A3 A 4  A 2 A 3 cos   cos 3 .....etc.
1
 A 0 A1  A1A 2  A 2 A 3  .... terms =
1  cos 
1 3 
Hence 1  cos   or cos   i.e.   .

2 2 3  2 3

Q.38
a 0  a1  1& n n 1  a n 1a n  1  a 2  2, a 3  3, a 4  6, a 5  19,...
Hence a n is even when n is type 3m – 1 & even otherwise.
As 2007 is not of type 3m – 1 hence a 2007 is not divisible by 4.
Q.39
A.P.  a1 , a1  2, a1  4,..., a1  4n
a1  4n a1  4n a  4n
G.P.   a1  4n  , , ,..., 1 2n
2 4 2
a1  4n 2n  2  2n 
a n 1  a 3n 1  a1  2n  or a1 
2n 2n  1

Now a 2n 1  a1  4n  a 2n 1 

2n 2  2n   4n
2n  1

CENTERS : MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 9
 2n 1 n
or a 2n  2  .
2n  1
Q.40
2
AM  d    25
Given a  b  d    192 &   .
HM 2  d    48
25 2
Hence  d     2  192 or d    52
48
d    52 & d    192  d  a &   48 {as d must divide  }
Now gcd {a, b} = 4 & lcm {a, b} = 48, hence
(a, b) can be  4, 48  or 16,12  .
Q.41
n n
2
S   a r br    a r  a 
r 1 r 1
n n n
 S   a r 1  a r   na 2   a r 2  2a  a r
r 1 r 1 r 1
n n n n
 S   a r   a r 2  na 2   a r 2  2a  a r
r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1
2
 S  na  na
 S  na 1  a 
 S  nab
Q.42
1 2 3
(i) S    ... upto n terms
1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7
1.2 2.2 3.2
2S     ... upto n terms
1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7
3  1 5 1 7 1
2S     .... upto n terms
1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2S  1       ...  
1.3 1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5 1.3.5.7 1.3.5...  2n  1 1.3.5...  2n  1

1 1 
S  1  .
2  1.3.5...  2n  1 
2

(ii) S   2
n
2r  1  r  1  r 2 n

r 1 r  r  1
2
 S   2
r 1 r  r  1
2

n
1 n 1
or S   2
 2
r 1 r r 1  r  1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
S  2  2  2  2  2  ...  2 
2
1 2 2 3 4 3 n  n  12
1
or S  1  2
 n  1
1 x
(ii)  1 ,
x 1 x 1
CENTERS : MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 10
 2x x x2
  ,
 x  1 x  2  x  1  x  1 x  2 
3x 2 x2 x3
 
 x  1 x  2  x  3  x  1 x  2   x  1 x  2  x  3
.
.
.
1 2x 3x 2 xn
   ... upto n terms  1 
x  1  x  1 x  2   x  1 x  2  x  3  x  1 x  2  ...  x  n 
Q.43
a1 1
 1
a  a1 a  a1
a2 1 1
 
1  a1 1  a 2  1  a1 1  a1 1  a 2 
a3 1 1
 
1  a1  a  a 2 1  a 3  1  a1 1  a 2  1  a1 1  a 2 1  a 3 
.
.
.
a1 a2 a3 1
   ... upto n terms  1 
1  a1 1  a1 1  a 2  1  a1 1  a 2 1  a 3  1  a1 1  a 2  ...1  a n 
Q.44
x x x2
  ,
1 x2 1 x 1 x2
x2 x2 x4
  ,
1  x4 1  x2 1  x4
x4 x4 x8
 
1  x8 1  x 4 1  x8
.
.
.
n
x x2 x4 x x2
   ..... upto n terms   n
1  x 2 1  x 4 1  x8 1  x 1  x2
n
x2
Now lim n  0 as x  1 .
1  x2
n 

x
Hence S  .
1 x
Q.45
n n

 2

S    2r  1 f  r     r  1  r 2 f  r 
r 1 r 1

1 1 1 2 2
f r   1   ...    x  1 f  r    r  1 f  r  1   r  1
2 3 r

CENTERS : MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 11
 n n

 2
S    r  1 f  r  1  r f  r     r  1
r 1
2
 r 1

2 n  n  1
S   n  1 f  n  1   n  1 
2
2 n  n  1
S   n  1 f  n   .
2
Q.46
x
n
x x n sin
Sn   tan sec r 1  Sn   2r
r
r 1 2 2 r 1
x x
cos r cos r 1
2 2
 x x
n
sin  r 1  r 
2 2 
 Sn   
r 1
x x
cos r cos r 1
2 2
x x x x
n sin r 1 cos r  cos r 1 sin r
 Sn   2 2 2 2
r 1
x x
cos r cos r 1
2 2
n
 x x x
Sn    tan r 1  tan r   tan x  tan n
r 1  r 2  2
Now lim Sn  tan x .
n 

Q.47
n
Sn   cosec2   Sn  r   n sin 2r 1 
r 1 sin  2   sin  2  
r 1
r r 1

sin  2   2  
n r r 1

 Sn 
sin  2   sin  2  
r 1
r r 1

sin  2   cos  2    cos  2   sin  2  

n r r 1 r r 1

 Sn 
r 1 sin  2   sin  2   r r 1

  
 Sn  cot 2r 1   cot 2r   cot   cor 2n  .
r 1
   
Q.48

S
n
 r  2 n
 S   
2 1 1
r 
r 1 r  r  2  2 r 1  1 r  1  2r
n  
1 1
 S    r 1  r 
r 1  2 r 2  r  1 
1
 S  1 n
2  n  1
Q.49

CENTERS : MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 12
 998
1 1
S   1 2
 2
r 1  r  1 r  2
2 2 2 2

S
 r  1  r  2    r  1   r  2 
998

2 2
r 1  r  1  r  2 
2

S
998
r 2
 4r  3 
2 2
 r  1  r  2 
r 1

  
998 r  1 r  2  1
S 
r 1  r  1 r  2 
998
 1 1  1 1
 S   1     998   .
r 1  r 1 r  2  2 1000
Q.50

S
n
1
S 
n
1 r  1 x   1  rx 
r 1 1  rx  1   r  1 x  r 1 1  rx  1   r  1 x 

n  
 1 1
 S    
r 1 
1  rx  r   r  1 x  
1 1
S 
1  x 1   n  1 x
Q.51
2n
1 1 n 1 n 1
r
r 1
2
 
4 r 1 r 2

r 1  2r  1
2

12n n
1 2
Now lim  2
 lim  2
 , hence
n  r r 1 r 6
n  n 

n 2n n n
1 1 1 1 3 1
lim  2
 lim  2
 lim  2
 lim 
n 
r 1  2r  1 n 
r 1 r 4 n  r 1 r 4 n  r 1 r 2

1 2
or  2
 .
r 1  2r  1 8
Q.52
x 2x
n n cot  2 cot r
1 x r 2
2
tan   cot   2 cot 2   r tan r  
r 1 2 2 r 1 2r
 x x 
n
1 x  cot 2r cot 2r 1 
n
or 2
r 1
r
tan
2r
  r 
r 1  2 2r 1 

 
x
n cot n
1 x 2  cot x
 r
tan r  n
r 1 2 2 2

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 x x
cot n
2  lim 2n  1 , hence lim
n 1 1 x 1
Now lim
n  2 n
x n  tan x x n 

r 1 2
r
tan r   cot x .
2 x
n
2
Q.53
Let the common difference be a, b, c, then
n n n
S1 
2
 2   n  1 a ,S2  2   n  1 b ,S3  1   n  1 c
2 2
Or S1  n  n  n  1 a,S2  n  n  n  1 b,S2  n  n  n  1 c .
S1  n a S1  S2 a  b
 & 
S2  n c S2  S2 b  c
ab a
But  as a, b, c are in H.P.
bc c

S1  n S1  S2 2S S  S S  S S
Hence  or n  1 3 1 2 2 3
S2  n S2  S2 S1  2S2  S3

Q.54

n

S   tan  4
2k 1
n  k2k  1  k 2  k  1     
  S    
r 1
2
k k 2 2 2
r 1 1  k  k  1 k  k  1
    

n

  
 S   tan 1 k 2  k  1  tan 1 k 2  k  1
k 1
 


 S  tan 1 n 2  n  1  tan 1 1 . 
8   2k  8 
Now 
 k 1
tan 1  4 2    lim
 k k 2  n  4

tan 1 n 2  m  1   or 2 
Q.55
 
m2n  
1
S    S  
m 1 n 1 3 m
 n.3m  m.3n  m 1 n 1 3
m
3
 
m
3n n 

m m 
 
1
Also S  
m 1 n 1 3n  3m 3n 
  
nm n 

 
 
   
1 1 m n
 2S     m m  n m 


m  2 n 1 3  3 3n  3 3 n
3   m n
m 1 n 1 3 3
      

 mm n  n  m m 

CENTERS : MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 14
 2
  n   m    n
 2S    n   m     3n 
 m 1 3  n 1 3   m1 

1 2 3 4
Now Let s      ... terms
3 32 33 34

1 1 2 3 4
s  2  3  4  5  ... terms
3 3 3 3 3

Subtracting later from former gives

2 1 1 1 1 1
s   2  3  4  ... terms =
3 3 3 3 3 2

3 9
Hence s  s
4 32

Q.56

n
a r  r, d r  r  Sr 
2
2r   n  1 r
n  n  1 r
 Sr 
2
m n  n  1 m
Now S
r 1
r 
2
r
r2

m n  n  1 m  m  1
  Sr
r2 4

Q.57

22a 2  25b2  9c2  75ab  15bc  45ca  0

2 2 2


15a  5b    5b  3c    3c  15a  0
2

 b  3a & c  5a

Hence a, b, c are in A.P.

Q.58

  ,    r 2 ,    r 3

x 2  4x    0    r  4,  2 r  

x 2  64    0  r 2  r 3  64,  2 r 5  

CENTERS : MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 15
 r 2  r 3 64
  r  K4
  r 4

4 4
  4  4    or
5 3

 4  4
Hence  r,     4,  or  4 
5  3   

Now find  &  .

Q.59

 1 1 1  x 1 1 1 
3x  1   2  ...  100   5 1   2  ...  100 
 3 3 3   5 5 5 

 1   1 
 1  101  x  1  5101 
 3x  3 5  
 1 1   1 1 
 3   5 

 3101  1  x 100  5101  1 

 3x 100  5  
 2   4 

5
 
x 100



2 3101  1 
101
3 5 1

Taking log on both the sides gives

5
log  
x 100

 log

2 3101  1 
101
3 5 1

5
  x  100  log    log 2 3101  1  log 5101  1
3
   
Q.60

1 k
a k  k & rk   Sk  i.e. Sk  k  1
k 1 1
1
k 1
n n n
Now  Sk    k  1  n   k
k 1 k 1 k 1

n n  n  1 n  n  3
  Sk  n  
k 1 2 2

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Q.61

r  2r 1 2r 2r 1
tr  t 
 r  1 r  2  r r  2 r  1
3 1 2 2 2 23 2 2 2n 2n 1
 Sn        ...  
2 2 4 3 5 4 n  2 n 1

2n 1
 Sn  
n2 2

Q.62

1 1   r  1   r  2  
  
r  r  1 r  2  r   r  1 r  2  

1 1 2 1 
    
2  r r 1 r  2 

n n
1 1 1 1 1 1  1
So  r   r  r  1 r  2   2  1  n  n  1   4
r 3
3
r 3

n
1 1 n 1 n
1 1 1 11
Now rr 1
3
 1    3   3  1   i.e.
8 r 3 r r 1 r 8 4 8

Q.63

1 1.5 1.5.9.13 1.5.9...  4n  3

S    ...  .
3 3.7 3.7.11.15 3.7.11...  4n  1

1 1.  5  3  1.5  9  7  1.5.9. 13  11 1.5.9.13. 17  15  1.5.9...  4n  3 4n  1   4n  1 

S      ...  
2  3 3.7 3.7.11 3.7.11.15 3.7.11... 4n  1 
1 1.5 1.5.9 1.5 1.5.9.13 1.5.9 1.5.9.13.17 1.5.9.13 1.5.9...  4n  1 1.5.9... 4n  3 
S  1        ...  
2  3 3.7 3 3.7.11 3.7 3.7.11.15 3.7.11 3.7.11...  4n  1 3.7.11...  4n  5  
1  1.5.9... 4n  1 
S   1
2  3.7.11... 4n  1 

Q.64

S  8  26  54  92  140  198  ...  t n

S 8  26  54  92  410  ...  t n 1  t n

0  8  18  28  38  48  58  ...  n  1 terms   t n

n 1
 tn  8 
2
2 18   n  2  10
CENTERS : MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 17
  t n  5n 2  3n
n n
 S  5   r2  3  r
r 1 r 1

5n  n  1 2n  1 3n  n  1
S  .
6 2

n  n  1 5n  7 
S
3
Q.66
Let  x  1 x  3 x  5 ...  x  99   a 50 x 50  a 49 x 49  a 48 x 48  ...  a1x  a 0
a 49
Clearly a 501 & sum of the roots  
a 50
Hence a 49    1  3  5  ...  99
 a 49  2500
Q.67
Observe that the series in question can be rewritten as
 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1 
 1     ...    2     ...  
 2 3 4 1319   2 4 6 1318 
1
or, by factoring out from the later parenthesis
2
 1 1 1 1   1 1 1 1 
 1     ...     1     ...  
 2 3 4 1319   2 3 4 659 
1 1 1 1
Which equals    ...  . Now
600 661 662 1319
1 1 1979 1 1 1979 1 1 1979
  ,   ,   and so on.
660 1319 660 1319 661 1318 6611318 662 1317 662 1317
p
Thus, may be represented as
q
p  1 1 1979 
 1979    
q  660  1319 6611318 989  990 
That term on the right can in turn be represented as a faction m/n where
n  660  661 662  ... 1319. Thus, p must have 1979 as a factor, unless n includes the factors
of 1979. But 1979 is a prime number, so n cannot include any factors of 1979, and hence p
must be divisible 1979.

By the way, this problem can be generalized primes of the form 3k+2 as if
p / q  1  1/ 2  1/ 3  ...  1/  2k   1 2k  1 , then 3k+2 divides p.
Q.68
N  100010001...1  1  104  108  ...n terms
   
99...9
      100...01
  
N
104n  1
. Hence N 

102n  1 102n  1
N
 
 2n 1 digits   2n digits 
9 9 9
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    
 N   11...1
    100...01

   . Therefore every number of this type is a composite number.
 2n 1 digits   2n digits 
Q.69
n2 1 1
Given x n  x n 1  . Also x 0  0, x1  1, x 2 
n n 2
n 3 1  n  2  n 3  1  1  n  2 
Now x n 1  x n 2   xn     x n2     
n 1 n 1  n   n 1  n  n 1   n 
 n  2  n  3  n  4  1  1  n  2   1  n  2  n  3 
 xn      x n 3        
 n  n  1  n  2  n  n  1  n   n  2  n  n  1 

Hence x n 
2
x2 
 n  1   n  2    n  3 ...  2
n  n  1 n  n  1
1  2  3  ...   n  1 1 1
 xn   . Hence x 2009  .
n  n  1 2 2
Q.70
f n  2  f n 1  f n  f n 1  f n 1  f n
 
1 fn
Now S   S
n  2 f n 1  f n 1 n  2 f n 1  f n  f n 1

 
f n 1  f n 1  2    1 
S  S      
n  2 f n 1  f n  f n 1 n  2  f n 1  f n  n  2  f n  f n 1 
 1 1 1   1 1 1 
Hence S      ... terms       ... terms 
 f1  f 2 f 2  f3 f3  f 4   f 2  f 4 f3  f 4 f 4  f5 
1
S 1
f1  f 2

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