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Effects of Breakfast On The Academic Performance of Grade 11 Students of Theresian School of Cavite
Effects of Breakfast On The Academic Performance of Grade 11 Students of Theresian School of Cavite
School of Cavite
Gonzales, Ernesto J.
Amoroso, Charlene E.
Meridor, Kyle B.
Antonio, Risalyn S.
Patay, Christian C.
Practical Research 1
April 3, 2019
EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 2
CHAPTER I
This chapter is composed of the introduction of the research such as background of the
study, literature review, hypothesis, research problem and also the conceptual framework to be
Nowadays, a lot of students are skipping their breakfast just to go to school early and
prevent being late. Some students are already used to skip breakfast before going to school. They
often eat a lot on lunch time at school to fulfil their hunger and to regain energy. They don’t have
enough time to prepare their food for breakfast also, their parents are unable to serve breakfast
for them because of some reasons. There are instances that some students tends to sleep late at
night, and that lack of sleep may cause the student to lose their appetite in the morning but there
are still a lot of students who eat breakfast as part of their daily routine without noticing that
In the present day, students were used to focus on a lot of things after waking up instead
of eating breakfast. This includes using gadgets and doing their unfinished assignments or
projects causing them not to eat breakfast. The researchers noticed the inconsistency of the
In this study, the researchers will determine the effects of eating and skipping breakfast to
the academic performance of Grade 11 students of Theresian School of Cavite. The researcher
will interview 4 students who eat breakfast and 4 students who don’t eat breakfast per section
EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 3
with a total of 64 students. Through the help of the interview, the researchers will get to know
what are the effects of breakfast to the participants. By this study, the researchers will verify if
the breakfast has an impact to the performance of students in school. And with that being said,
the researchers decided to determine the effects of eating and skipping breakfast.
As stated by Healthy Food Choices in School (2016), Breakfast is the most important
meal of the day, because it is the first meal a person would eat. This study will help students to
learn more what does happen when having or not having breakfast. This can also help the
students to understand why they perform well or not in class. By this study, the researchers can
This study focuses on the effect of having or not having breakfast in the academic
Literature Review
Breakfast
behaviour, cognitive, and school performance (Adolphus, Lawton, & Dye, 2013).
Breakfast is a crucial part of every child's day. It affects everything from memory to
creativity in the classroom. Children who go hungry are more inclined to become distracted from
learning at school, or give up more easily when faced with challenges. Healthy, well-rounded
breakfasts are best for a child's maximum performance level (Fleck, 2018).
The claim that breakfast is the most important meal of the day has an abundance of sound
science behind it. A brief compiled by the Food Research and Action Center (FRAC) outlines
EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 4
the correlation between breakfast and school performance among children, based on numerous
research findings. The findings include how eating, and not eating, breakfast affects academics,
brain function, and overall wellness. Children who do not eat breakfast at home or at school were
less able to learn. Hunger can lead to lower math scores, attention problems, and behaviour,
Breakfast eaters tend to be healthier and leaner than breakfast skippers. This may be due
to the fact that breakfast eaters have other healthy lifestyle habits (Bjarnadottir, 2017).
associated with a healthier intake of nutrients, BMI and lifestyle. Several studies have shown the
importance of having breakfast to the body's performance. Moreover, recent studies have
demonstrated that breakfast enhances intellectual capacity, concentration, attention and academic
performance. However, there is a paucity of studies which examine the relationship between
breakfast consumption and academic performance in the UAE (Taha & Rashed, 2017).
Eating breakfast helps keep your blood sugar steadier throughout the day, whether you
have diabetes or not. For people with normal glucose test results, this might help you avoid
insulin resistance, which can lead to diabetes. Drops and spikes in your blood sugar can also
affect your mood, making you more nervous, grumpy, or angry (Newman, 2018).
Apart from providing us with energy, breakfast foods are good sources of important
nutrients such as calcium, iron and B vitamins as well as protein and fibre. The body needs these
essential nutrients and research shows that if these are missed at breakfast, they are less likely to
be compensated for later in the day. Fruit and vegetables are good sources of vitamins and
minerals so try to include a portion of your daily five at breakfast, whether that be a banana or
EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 5
glass of fruit juice. Breakfast can be good for waistline too, research shows those who eat
breakfast are less likely to be overweight and more likely to be within their ideal weight range
compared with breakfast skippers. If you skip breakfast, you're more likely to reach for high
sugar and fatty snacks mid-morning. Breakfast also restores glucose levels, an essential
carbohydrate that is needed for the brain to function. Many breakfast provides energy studies
have shown how eating breakfast can improve memory and concentration levels and it can also
make us happier as it can improve mood and lower stress levels. In studies amongst children,
breakfast can improve attainment, behaviour and has been linked to improved grades. Just like
any other organ in the body, the brain needs energy to work at its best (Agriculture and
Regularly eating a healthy breakfast helps us pay attention, remember, and perform
better. Children and teens concentrate better at school, get higher scores on tests, and are less
Several past studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of eating breakfast on the
academic performance, behaviour, and psychological function of kids. But most of these studies
were also short-term, small, and therefore not definitive. In fact, some of the largest and best
studies showed no impact. The biggest benefits of breakfast have been noted among
“nutritionally vulnerable” children — that is, kids with the poorest nutrition get the most from
Eating breakfast in the morning to start your day, or even within a few hours of the start
of your day will wake up your metabolism and get it going for the day. Pounder also mentioned
EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 6
that breakfast is important for giving fuel to the body and brain because it will help to improve
Academic Performance
Such studies show that eating breakfast and lunch is vital to student performance. A
student who hasn’t eaten for eight hours is likely to perform at a lower level in class than a
student who has already eaten. A study by Cardiff University in 2015 suggested that compared to
those who start learning on an empty stomach, children who eat breakfast before school are twice
value. Adults who are academically successful and with high levels of education are more likely
to be employed, have stable employment, have more employment opportunities than those with
less education and earn higher salaries, are more likely to have health insurance, are less
dependent on social assistance, are less likely to engage in criminal activity, are more active as
citizens and charitable volunteers and are healthier and happier. Academic success is important
because working people will need higher levels of education to tackle the technologically
demanding occupations of the future. Now a day you need a post-secondary education in order to
Academic performance describes how well you perform in school courses like social
studies, history, English or ELA, sciences, and maths, but can also include the “specials” or
elective courses in the Arts, music, health, business, and others. Academics are courses that are
Academic performance is the measure of how well you do in an educational setting. Your
report card, for example, is an indication of your academic performance in school (King, 2017).
Conceptual Framework
Figure 1. Diagram shows the relationship of the breakfast and the academic
performance.
Academic
Breakfast
Performance
As shown on the conceptual framework, breakfast is the independent variable while the
Breakfast is the independent variable because it is the one that can affect the academic
Hypothesis
H0: The students decrease their interest in studying because they didn’t have enough food or they
H1: The students are still interested in studying even though they didn’t eat breakfast.
EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 8
Research Problem
This study aims to determine the effects of breakfast to the academic performance of
Definition of terms
Breakfast. First meal of the day that can possibly affect the performance of students in class.
EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 9
CHAPTER II
Methodology
This chapter is composed of the study’s research design, sampling and participants, research
instrument, data gathering/collection procedure, data analysis procedure and also the ethical
Research Design
The research study used Qualitative – Descriptive study design. The researchers simply
record the information through conducting interviews that will be observed in different samples
regarding to the topic. Thus, this design will provide deep analysis of the information from the
students. In addition, this design will be valuable to the researchers in assessing the effects of
breakfast in the academic performance of the Grade 11 students in Theresian School of Cavite.
Grade 11 students currently enrolled in Theresian School of Cavite will be the respondents
needed to fulfil this research. The sampling method that will be used in the research study is
convenience sampling technique. The researchers will interview some chosen students for the
researcher to gather data. With the convenience sampling technique, the researchers were more
likely to get the information and data needed from the chosen population.
Research Instrument
The researchers will gather data through the use of Interview. There are questions provided
by the researchers that will be asked to the students who will be chosen to participate in the
EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 10
study. Through the use of interviewing, the researchers will get information and some opinions
from the selected Grade 11 students in each sections of Theresian School of Cavite for the study.
The researchers will interview the chosen participant to gather some data. The questions that
the researchers will ask will be answered by the participants based on their opinions and
perspective. In this procedure, the answers of the participants will be the basis of the results of
the study. By this procedure the researchers will be able to know the insights of the participants
based on their own opinions and experiences. This will be conducted on Grade 11 students who
• First, the researchers will choose the convenient participants for the study.
PHASE
1
• Next, the researchers will ask the participants if they can have their time for
the interview.
PHASE
2
• Then, researchers will now be able to ask the participants and get their
PHASE opinions and perspective about the study.
3
• After that, the researchers will thank the participants for giving their time and
effort.
PHASE
4
EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 11
After the researchers interviewed the chosen grade 11 students, the researchers, then,
listen to the recordings of the interview that they conducted and categorize all of the data
according to the answers of the respondents. With the categorized answers in hand, the
To determine the most frequent answer to the questions, the researchers used the central
Ethical Consideration
Honest
The researcher needs to be honest to avoided biases and to make this research
Care
The researchers must care about the participants because they are the one who is
Integrity
The researchers must be held accountable for the research they are conducting.
Confidentiality
The researchers must know their limits when asking questions to their
respondents.
EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 12
The researchers should inform the respondents about their study they are going to
conduct.
Openness
The researchers must respect the answers they gathered from their respondents.
EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 13
Reference Lists
Adolphus, K., Lawton, C., & Dye, L. (2013). The effects of breakfast on behaviour and academic
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-effects-of-breakfast-on-behavior-and-
academic-Adolphus-Lawton/64a3b713e72b084d1e967724f57690275a1ab4fe DOI:
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00425
Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (2016). Why is breakfast important?. Retrieved
from: http://www.shakeupyourwakeup.com/why-is-breakfast-important
Bjarnadottir, A. (2017). Is skipping breakfast bad for you? The Surprising truth. Retrieved from:
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/is-skipping-breakfast-bad
Fleck, A. (2018). Does eating breakfast affect children's learning?. Retrieved from:
https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/eating-breakfast-affect-childrens-learning-5275.html
Healthy Food Choices in School (2016). Breakfast and the brain: How eating breakfast impacts
https://articles.extension.org/pages/68837/breakfast-and-the-brain:-how-eating-breakfast-
impacts-school-performance
EFFECTS OF BREAKFAST ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 14
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https://www.webmd.com/diet/features/many-benefits-breakfast#1
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https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/confessions-of-a-breakfast-skipper-2017020911073
Zainab, Z., & Rashed, A. (2017). The Effect of breakfast on academic performance among high
https://knepublishing.com/index.php/AJNE/article/view/1243/2694 DOI:
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