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PTE Word List For Academic (C) : Calamity
PTE Word List For Academic (C) : Calamity
calamity
n. Syn. disaster; misery
event that brings terrible loss, lasting distress, or severe affliction; disaster; misery
calcium
n.
silvery, moderately hard metallic element
calorie
n.
unit of heat; unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram
of water by 1 degree
canal
n. Syn. tube
artificial channel filled with water; tube or duct
cane
n. Syn. stick
any plant with long, hard, elastic stems; walking stick
cannon
n.
great gun; firearm for discharging heavy shot with great force; loop at the top of a bell by which it is
hung
canteen
n.
vessel used by soldiers for carrying water, liquor, or other drink; snack bar or small cafeteria, as on a
military installation
canvas
n.
heavy closely woven fabric; background against which events unfold, as in a historical narrative
capsule
n. Syn. pill
small container; pill in form of small rounded gelatinous; shortened version of a written work
caption
n. Syn. title
title; chapter heading; text under illustration
captive
n.
prisoner taken by force; one kept in power of another; one charmed or subdued by beauty,
excellence, or affection
carcass
n.
dead body of an animal especially one slaughtered and dressed for food
cardinal
a. Syn. chief
chief; serving as an essential component
carpenter
n.
skilled worker who makes, finishes, and repairs wooden objects and structures
carrier
n. Syn. messenger
one that carries or conveys; messenger
carton
n.
pasteboard for paper boxes; pasteboard box
cartoon
n.
design or study drawn of full size to serve as a model for transferring or copying; drawing depicting
a humorous situation
carve
v. Syn. cut; sculpt
cut; sculpt
cashier
n.
one who has charge of money; cash keeper
cassette
n.
container that holds a magnetic tape used for recording or playing sound or video
casualty
n.
serious or fatal accident; someone injured or killed in an accident
catalogue
n.
list or enumeration of names; articles arranged methodically, often in alphabetical order
catalyst
n. Syn. enzyme; stimulus
agent which brings about chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged
catastrophe
n. Syn. calamity; disaster
calamity; disaster; state of extreme ruin and misfortune
category
n. Syn. group
group; class; collection of things sharing a common attribute
cater
v.
supply what is needed or desired; provide food professionally for special occasion
caustic
a.
capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away by chemical action
caution
n. Syn. care
care; being attentive to possible danger
cautious
a. Syn. conservative; careful
conservative; careful
cavity
n. Syn. hole; cavern
hole; cavern; hollow area within the body
cease
v. Syn. stop; terminate
stop; terminate; put an end to; discontinue
cement
n.
any substances used for making bodies adhere to each other; bond of union; concrete pavement
censor
n.
overseer of morals; official responsible for removal of objectionable or sensitive content
census
n.
official examination of the details of a country's population
centenary
a.
relating to a 100-year period; occurring once every 100 years
ceramic
a.
of or pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making earthenware; as, ceramic products; ceramic
ornaments for ceilings.
certainty
n. Syn. clearness
quality or condition of being certain; fact or truth unquestionable established; clearness
certify
v.
give certain information to; assure; make certain
chant
v. Syn. praise; melody
utter with a melodious voice; celebrate in song; make melody with the voice
characterize
v. Syn. distinguish
distinguish; be characteristic of; be a distinctive trait or mark of
charter
v. Syn. license; authorize
license; authorize; hold under a lease or rental agreement of goods and services
chasm
n.
deep opening in the earth surface
chaste
a. Syn. pure
morally pure in thought or conduct; decent and modest
checkup
n.
thorough physical examination
cheque
n.
written order directing a bank to pay money
chic
n. Syn. fashion
good form; style; elegance by virtue of being fashionable
chisel
v. Syn. cheat
practice trickery or fraud; cheat
chord
n.
combination of three or more notes that blend harmoniously when sounded together
chore
n.
a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee
chorus
n.
any utterance produced simultaneously by a group
chronic
a.
lasting for long period; marked by frequent recurrence, as certain diseases
chronological
a.
arranged in order of time of occurrence
chunk
n.
a thick mass or piece, amount
circulate
v.
move through a space, circuit or system, returning to the starting point
circumference
n. Syn. perimeter; periphery
boundary line of a circle, figure, area, or object
circumstance
n. Syn. situation; condition
situation; condition; detail accompanying or surrounding an event
cite
v. Syn. quote
quote; adduce as an instance
civic
a.
relating to city or citizen; relating to man as a member of society
clamp
n.
any of various devices used to join, grip, support, or compress mechanical or structural parts
clan
n. Syn. faction; tribe
faction; tribe; division of a tribe tracing descent from a common ancestor; a large group of relatives
clarify
v. Syn. illuminate; elucidate
make clear and comprehensible; elucidate
clarity
n.
clearness of thought or style; brightness; splendor
clash
v.
make noise by striking against something; dash noisily together; meet in opposition
clasp
n.
fastening device; firm grip
classical
a.
standard and authoritative rather than new or experimental; relating to the ancient Greeks and
Romans, especially art, architecture, and literature
classify
v.
declare unavailable, as for security reasons; arrange or order by classes or categories
clause
n. Syn. sentence; phrase
sentence; phrase; distinct article, stipulation, or provision in a document
cliche
n.
obvious remark; overused expression or idea
climax
n.
upward movement; steady increase; the highest point; the greatest degree
cling
v. Syn. stick
hold fast or adhere to something; stick together and resist separation; remain emotionally
clockwise
ad.
in the direction that the hands of a clock move
clumsy
a. Syn. awkward; inept
awkward; showing lack of skill or aptitude
cluster
n. Syn. flowers; curls; group; bunch
group; bunch; group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely
clutch
v. Syn. grasp
grasp and hold tightly; attempt to grasp or seize
coalition
n. Syn. partnership; league; union
partnership; league; state of being combined into one body
coarse
a. Syn. rough; harsh
rough; harsh; of low, common, or inferior quality
coed
a.
relating to an education system in which both men and women attend
coeducation
n.
system of education in which both men and women attend the same institution or classes
cognitive
a.
knowing or perceiving; part of mental functions that deals with logic
coherent
a. Syn. adhesive; cohesive
adhesive; cohesive; sticking together ; logical; sound; capable of thinking and expressing yourself in
a clear and consistent manner
coil
n. Syn. ring; roll
a series of connected spirals or concentric rings formed by gathering or winding; spiral pipe or
series of spiral pipes
coincide
v. Syn. correspond
occur at the same time as; correspond
collaboration
n.
act of working together; act of cooperating with an enemy, especially it occupying one's own
country
collapse
v.
breakdown; failure
colleague
n. Syn. associate
fellow worker; associate; co-worker
collide
v.
bump; hit; conflict
collision
n. Syn. crash; impact
crash; conflict of opposed ideas or attitudes or goals
colonial
a.
of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony
colony
n. Syn. group; community
region politically controlled by a distant country; a dependency; a community of social insects, as
ants, bees
colossal
a. Syn. huge
of extraordinary size; huge; gigantic
combine
v. Syn. blend; fuse; merge
blend; fuse; merge
combustible
a. Syn. flammable; burnable; inflammable
capable of igniting and burning; easily aroused or excited
comet
n.
an object that goes around the sun
commemorate
v. Syn. remember; memorialize
serve as a memorial to; honor the memory of with a ceremony
commence
v. Syn. originate; start; begin
have a beginning or origin; originate; start; begin
commend
v.
commit, entrust, or give in charge for care or preservation; recommend as worthy of confidence or
regard
commentary
n.
written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material
commodity
n. Syn. goods
goods; article of trade; advantage; benefit.
commonplace
a. Syn. ordinary; common
ordinary; having no remarkable features
commotion
n. Syn. riot; excitement
disturbed or violent motion; agitation; public disturbance; riot; excitement
commute
v.
obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; travel regularly from a place of residence to another
place
commuter
n.
someone who travels regularly from home in a suburb to work in a city
compact
a. Syn. compressed; condensed; concise
closely and firmly united or packed together; briefly giving gist of something
comparable
a. Syn. similar
similar or equivalent; being of equal regard; worthy to be ranked with
compartment
n.
one of parts or spaces into which an area is subdivided; separate room, section, or chamber
compass
v.
go about or entirely round; make the circuit of; enclose on all sides; surround
compatible
a. Syn. harmonious
harmonious; having similar disposition and tastes
compel
v.
force; coerce; necessitate or pressure by force
compensate
v. Syn. make up; reimburse
make amends for; reimburse
compensation
n.
something given or received as payment as for a service or loss or injury
competence
n.
quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually
compile
v. Syn. assemble; gather; accumulate
put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources
complement
v. Syn. complete; consummate
complete; consummate; make perfect
complexion
n. Syn. combination; complex
state of being complex; complexity; combination; complex
compliance
n.
readiness to yield; happy friendly agreement
complication
n. Syn. complexity; intricacy
complexity; intricacy; any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of another disease
component
n. Syn. element; ingredient
element; ingredient; abstract part of something
compose
v. Syn. write; create
write; create; make or create by putting together parts or elements
composite
a.
made up of distinct parts or elements; compounded
comprehensive
a. Syn. thorough; inclusive
thorough; including all or everything; broad in scope
compress
v. Syn. squeeze; contract
close; squeeze or press together; contract
comprise
v. Syn. include
include; consist of; be composed of
compulsory
a. Syn. mandatory; obligatory
mandatory; obligatory; required by rule
compute
v. Syn. reckon; calculate
reckon; make mathematical calculation
conceal
v. Syn. hide; secrete
keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered; secrete
concede
v. Syn. admit; yield
admit; yield; give up physical control of another
conceive
v. Syn. design; consider
form or develop in the mind; devise; become pregnant with; begin or originate in a specific way
conception
n. Syn. thought; idea
beginning; forming of an idea; act of conceiving
concerted
a.
planned or accomplished together; combined
concession
n.
act of yielding; point yielded; acknowledgment or admission
concise
a. Syn. succinct; terse
brief and compact; expressing much in few words
conclude
v. Syn. deduce; infer
enclose; reach as an end of reasoning; make final determination ; judge or decide; bring to an end
concoct
v.
digest; convert into nourishment by the organs of nutrition.
concurrent
a. Syn. simultaneous; coincident
simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time
condemn
v. Syn. blame; denounce
blame; denounce; express strong disapproval of
condense
v.
change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops; compress or concentrate
conditioning
n.
process of modifying person's behavior; preparation or training, especially athletic training of body
condolence
n.
expression of sympathy with another in sorrow or grief.
confer
v.
bestow; present; have a conference in order to talk something over
configuration
n.
arrangement of parts or elements; outline
confine
v. Syn. limit; circumscribe
restrict in movement; circumscribe
conform
v.
comply with; follow; fit; meet
confuse
v. Syn. disorient; mix up
cause to be unable to think with clarity or act with intelligence or understanding; mix up
congestion
n. Syn. overcrowding
act of gathering or heaping together or forming a mass
congruent
a.
possessing congruity; suitable; agreeing; corresponding
conjunction
n.
state of being conjoined, united, or associated; union; association; league
conquer
v.
gain or acquire by force; take possession of by violent means; gain dominion over
conquest
n.
success in mastering something difficult; one that has been captivated or overcome
conscientious
a. Syn. diligent; responsible; reliable
diligent; responsible; reliable
consecutive
a. Syn. successive; sequential
following one after another without interruption; sequential
consensus
n. Syn. Agreement; accord
general agreement or accord; opinion reached by a group as a whole
consent
v. Syn. accord; concur; allow
agree in opinion or sentiment; be of the same mind; accord; concur; allow
consequent
a. Syn. resulting
resulting; following as a logical conclusion
conservation
n. Syn. preservation
preservation or restoration from loss, damage, or neglect
conservative
a. Syn. traditional; conventional
favoring traditional views and values; tending to oppose change
conservatory
n.
greenhouse; school of music or dramatic art
conserve
v. Syn. retain; preserve
retain; protect from loss or harm; preserve; use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste
considerable
a. Syn. significant
worthy of consideration; large in amount, extent, or degree
considerate
a. Syn. thoughtful
thoughtful; marked by consideration or reflection; deliberate
consign
v.
give, transfer, or deliver in a formal manner, as if by signing over into the possession of another
consist
v.
be made up or composed; be comprised or contained in
console
v. Syn. relieve; comfort
cheer from distress or depression; alleviate grief and raise spirits of; relieve; comfort
consolidate
v.
make solid; unite or press together into a compact mass; harden or make dense and firm
conspicuous
a. Syn. noticeable; prominent
noticeable; prominent; easy to notice; obvious
constituent
n. Syn. component; element; ingredient
component or part; citizen, voter
constitute
v. Syn. form
make up; form something
constrain
v. Syn. restrain; confine
restrain; keep within close bounds; confine
constrict
v. Syn. limit; restrict; shrink; contract
restrict; shrink; make smaller or narrower by binding or squeezing
construct
v. Syn. erect; build
form by assembling or combining parts; build; create
consume
v. Syn. devour; eat
devour; eat
consumer
n.
people who buy goods or services
consumption
n.
eating or drinking of something
contaminate
v. Syn. taint; pollute; defile
make impure or unclean by contact or mixture; pollute; defile
contemplate
v. Syn. ponder; meditate
look at attentively and thoughtfully; observe deep in thought
contemporary
a.
modern; belonging to the same period of time
contend
v.
strive in opposition; contest; dispute; struggle for
contention
n. Syn. controversy
competing as for profit or prize
context
n. Syn. circumstance; setting
circumstance
contingency
n.
condition of being dependent on chance; uncertainty; possibility
continuity
n. Syn. coherence
property of a continuous and connected period of time
contradict
v. Syn. confront; oppose
confront; oppose
contradiction
n.
assertion of contrary; denial of the truth of a statement or assertion; opposition, whether by
argument or conduct
contrast
n.
act of distinguishing by comparing differences
contribute
v.
provide; bestow a quality on
contribution
n. Syn. impost; levy
act of contributing; payment exacted for special purpose; impost or levy
contrive
v.
form by an exercise of ingenuity; devise; invent; design
controversial
a. Syn. controvertible; disputable
controvertible; disputable
controversy
n. Syn. contention; argument
contentious speech act; argument
convene
v. Syn. assemble
cause to come together formally
convenience
n.
state of being suitable
converge
v. Syn. approach
approach; tend to meet; come together
converse
v. Syn. chat
chat; talk informally; engage in a spoken exchange of thoughts
conversely
ad.
in a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally.
convert
n. Syn. transform
change something into another form; transform
convey
v.
carry from one place to another; bear or transport
coordinate
v. Syn. integrate; harmonize
bring order and organization to; harmonize
cordial
a. Syn. gracious
gracious; showing warm and friendliness
cork
n.
lightweight elastic outer bark, used especially for bottle closures, insulation, floats
corps
n.
an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions; a body of people associated together
correlate
v. Syn. relate; associate
relate; associate; bring into a mutual relation
correspond
v.
be compatible, similar or consistent; exchange messages
correspondence
n. Syn. mail
similarity or analogy; communication by the exchange of letters
correspondent
a.
one who communicates information, especially, by letter or telegram to newspaper or periodical
corresponding
a.
accompanying
corrode
v.
destroy metal or alloy gradually, especially by chemical action; be eaten or worn away
corrupt
a. Syn. spoiled; tainted
changed from sound to putrid state; spoiled; tainted
cosmic
a. Syn. vast
pertaining to the universe; vast
cosmopolitan
a. Syn. sophisticated
sophisticated; of worldwide scope
cosy
n.
padded or knitted covering placed especially over a teapot to keep the tea hot; cozy
counterbalance
v.
act as force or influence that balances, checks or limits an opposite one
counterfeit
v. Syn. forge
make a copy of, usually with the intent to defraud; forge
counterpart
n. Syn. version; analogue; match
duplicate copy; analogue; one that closely resembles another
coupon
n.
negotiable certificate attached to a bond; interest warrant; detachable certificates that may be torn
off as needed
courier
n. Syn. messenger; carrier
person who carries a message
coverage
n. Syn. reportage
extent to which something is covered; news as presented by reporters
cradle
n.
small low bed for an infant, often furnished with rockers; infancy, or very early life
craft
n. Syn. vessel
something made by people; vessel
crater
n.
a bowl-shaped opening at the top of a volcano
crease
n.
a line or long thin mark made by folding or doubling
creation
n.
fact or state of having been created; act of investing with a new office or title
credential
n. Syn. certificate; warrant
certificate; warrant
credible
a.
capable of being credited or believed; worthy of belief; entitled to confidence; trustworthy
cricket
n.
outdoor game played with bats, a ball, and wickets by two teams of 11 players each
cripple
n. Syn. handicap; maim; disable
person or animal that is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limb
crisp
a.
firm but easily broken or crumbled; brittle
criteria
n.
standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision can be based
criterion
n.
standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test
crooked
a. Syn. curved
having or marked by bends or angles; not straight or aligned; curved
crop
n.
the top, end, or highest part of anything, especially of plant or tree; grain or other product of field
while standing; anything cut off or gathered
crouch
v.
bend down; stoop low; lie close to the ground with the legs bent, as an animal when waiting for
prey, or in fear
crude
a.
being in an unrefined or natural state; raw; lacking tact or taste; blunt or offensive
crumb
n.
small fragment or piece, especially, a small piece of bread or other food; broken or cut off
crumble
v. Syn. fall apart; disintegrate
break into small pieces; cause to fall in pieces
crumple
v. Syn. wrinkle; rumple
fall apart; fold or collapse; crush together or press into wrinkles
crust
n. Syn. covering; coat; shell
outer layer ; covering; coat; shell
cube
n.
three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides; cubicle, used for work or study
cucumber
n.
cylindrical green fruit with thin green rind and white flesh eaten as a vegetable; related to melons
culminate
v.
reach the highest or most decisive point; rise to summit
cultivate
v. Syn. farm; domesticate; nurture; teach
improve and prepare, as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; promote the growth of
cumbersome
a. Syn. heavy
heavy; difficult to handle because of weight or bulk
cumulative
a.
increasing by successive addition
cunning
a.
knowing; skillful; artful; designing; deceitful
cupboard
n.
a small room or cabinet used for storage space
curl
v.
form into coiled or spiral shape; twist into ringlets or coils; move in curve or spiral
currency
n. Syn. money
money; general acceptance or use
curriculum
n. Syn. course; program
course; program
curtail
v. Syn. shorten; reduce
cut short or reduce; cut off end or tail, or any part
curve
v.
bend or turn gradually from a given direction, as road curves to the right
cushion
n.
soft pillow or pad usually used for sitting, reclining, or kneeling
custodian
n. Syn. curator; guardian
curator; guardian
custom
n. Syn. tradition; practice
tradition; practice followed by people of a particular group or region
customary
a.
agreeing with or established by common usage; conventional; habitual
cylinder
n.
cylindrical container