Important Instructions To Examiners:: (Autonomous)
Important Instructions To Examiners:: (Autonomous)
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER-19 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Microcontroller and applications Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
1
SUMMER-19 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Microcontroller and applications Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
2
external hardware interrupts- INT0 and INT1, Serial communication interrupt for both
receive and transmit.
(b) Find out the number of address lines required to access 4 KB of RAM 2M
Ans: 2M for
format
TI SCON.1 Transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the beginning of the stop Bit in
mode 1. Must be cleared by software.
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Subject Name: Microcontroller and applications Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
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RI SCON.0 Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware halfway through the stop bit time
in mode 1. Must be cleared by software.
Ans: Each
Parameter
Parameter 8951 8031
: 1M
RAM in bytes 128 Bytes 128 Bytes
Ans: Diagram
:2M
OR
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Subject Name: Microcontroller and applications Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
4
g) Define the term BUS related to microprocessor/controller and list different buses used in 2M
microcontroller.
Ans: BUS: A Bus is a set of physical connections used for communication between CPU and Define:1
peripherals. M
1. Address Bus
2. Data Bus
3. Control Bus
a) Draw the interfacing of stepper motor and write an ALP to rotate in anticlockwise 4M
direction
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Subject Name: Microcontroller and applications Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
5
Program
:2M
OR
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Subject Name: Microcontroller and applications Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
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(NOTE: Any other correct logic used for program should be considered)
b) Describe power down mode and ideal mode of 8051 with circuit diagram . which SFR is 4M
used to set these modes and draw the same.
Ans:
IDLE MODE
In the Idle mode, the internal clock signal is gated off to the CPU, but not to the Power
Interrupt, Timer and Serial Port functions. down
The CPU status is preserved in its entirety, the Stack Pointer, Program Counter, mode:1
Program M
Status Word, Accumulator, and all other registers maintain their data during Idle. The
Idle
port pins hold the logical state they had at the time idle mode was activated. ALE and
Mode:1
PSEN hold at logic high levels.
M
There are two ways to terminate the idle mode.
i) Activation of any enabled interrupt will cause PCON.O to be cleared and idle mode is Identific
terminated. ation of
ii) Hard ware reset: that is signal at RST pin clears IDEAL bit IN PCON register directly. At PCON:1
this time, CPU resumes the program execution from where it left off. M
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Subject Name: Microcontroller and applications Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
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P3.3
P3.4 T0
P3.5 T1
P3.6
P3.7
RXD it is used for serial input port
TXD it is used for serial output port
used for external interrupt 0
used for external interrupt 1
T0 Timer 0 external input
T1 Timer 1 external input
external data memory write strobe
external data memory Read strobe
d) Sketch interfacing diagram of 2 Kbyte RAM and 2Kbyte EPROM to 8051. Draw the memory 4M
map.
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Subject Name: Microcontroller and applications Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
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Ans:
Memory Map:
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Subject Name: Microcontroller and applications Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
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a) Draw the format of PSW register of 8051 microcontroller and explain the function of each 4M
bit.
Ans: 2M
format,
2M
function
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This flag is set whenever the result of a signed number operation is too large, causing the
high- order bit to overflow into the sign bit. In general, the carry flag is used to detect errors
in unsigned arithmetic operations. The overflow flag is only used to detect errors in signed
arithmetic operations.
6. P: Parity flag
The parity flag reflects the number of 1s in the A (accumulator) register only. If the A register
contains an odd number of 1s, then P=1. P=0 if A has an even number of 1s.
b) Develop an ALP to generate square wave of 2 kHz on port pin P2.1 generate delay using 4M
timer 0 in mode 1. Assume crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz.
c) State and explain the need of the following development tools microcontroller board: 4M
(i) Editor
(ii) Assembler
(iii) Compiler
(iv) Linker
Ans: 1) Editor: An editor is a program which helps you to construct your assembly language 1M each
program in right format so that the assembler will translate it correctly to machine language.
So, you can type your program using editor. This form of your program is called as source
program and extension of program must be .asm or .src depending on which assembler is
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used. The DOS based editor such as EDIT, WordStar, and Norton Editor etc. can be used to
type your program.
2) Assembler: An assembler is programs that translate assembly language program to the
correct binary/hex code for each instruction i.e. machine code and generate the file called as
Object file with extension .obj and list file with extension .lst extension. It is used to find
syntax error in the program.
3) Compiler: Compiler is programs that translate C language program to the correct
binary/hex code for each command i.e. machine code and generate the file called as Object
file with extension .obj and list file with extension .lst extension. It is used to find syntax
error in the program.
4) Linker: A linker is a program, which combines, if requested, more than one separately
assembled object files into one executable program, such as two or more programs and also
generate .abs file and initializes it with special instructions to facilitate its subsequent
loading the execution. Some examples of linker are ASEM-51 BL51, Keil u Vision Debugger,
LX 51 Enhanced Linker etc.
d) List software and hardware interrupts used in 8051 with their vector addresses and 4M
priorities.
Ans: 2M-List,
1M -
Vector ,
1M-
priority
(a) Develop an 8051 based system for traffic light controlling .Draw interfacing diagram and 4M
write ALP for the same.
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Ans: 2M-
DRAW,
2M-
PROGRA
M
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Process:
Program:
NR EQU P1.0
NY EQU P1.1
NG EQU P1.2
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SR EQU P1.3
SY EQU P1.4
SG EQU P1.5
ER EQU P1.6
EY EQU P1.7
EG EQU P3.0
WR EQU P3.1
WY EQU P3.2
WG EQU P3.3
MOV P1,#00H
MOV P3,#00H
ACALL DELAY
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ACALL DELAY
ACALL Y_DELAY
AJMP AGAIN
L:MOV R1,#0FFH
DJNZ R1,$
DJNZ R0,L
RET
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DJNZ R2,$
RET
END
Ans: 1M Each
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SUMMER-19 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Microcontroller and applications Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
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(c) List different timer modes of 8051 microcontroller and describe mode 2 with neat sketch. 4M
1.5M-
Diagram
, 1.5M-
describe
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To start the mer in mode 2 C T= 0 and TR0=1 and the other input of AND gate is also 1.In
this mode only TLX is used as 8-bit counter. THX is used to hold the value which is loaded in
TLX initially. Every time TLX overflows from FFH to 00H the timer flag is set and the value
from THX is automatically reloaded in TLX register.
(d) Explain the interfacing diagram of DAC to 8051. Write an ALP to generate triangular 4M
waveform using DAC.
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Program:
ORG 0000H
REPEAT: MOV A, #00H ; Clear A
INCR: MOV P1, A ; Send value to P1
INC A ; increment value
CJNE A, #0FFH, INCR ;Compare with highest value
DECR: MOV P1, A
DEC A ; Decrement value
CJNE A,#00H, DECR ;Compare with lowest value
SJMP REPEAT ; repeat
END
(e) Develop an ALP to transmit message “MSBTE” serially at baud rate 4800 8bit data , 1 stop 4M
bit. Assume crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz .
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Ans: Any 6
The selection of microcontroller depends upon the type of application. The following factors 1
must be considered while selecting the microcontroller. Mark—
each
factor
1. Word length: The word length of microcontroller is either 8, 16 or 32 bit. As the
word length increases, the cost, power dissipation and speed of the microcontroller
increases.
2. Power dissipation: It depends upon various factors like clock frequency, speed,
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supply voltage, VLSI technology etc. For battery operated embedded systems, we must use
low power microcontrollers.
3. Clock frequency: The speed of an embedded system depends upon the clock
frequency. The clock frequency depends upon the application.
4. Instruction Set: On the basis of instructions microcontrollers are classified into two
categories 1. CISC 2. RISC.
CISC system improves software flexibility. Hence it is used in general purpose systems.
RISC improves speed of the system for the particular applications.
5. Internal resources: The internal resources are ROM, RAM, EEPROM, FLASH
ROM, UART, TIMER, watch dog timer, PWM, ADC, DAC, network interface, wireless
interface etc. It depends upon the application for which microcontroller is going to be used.
6. I/O capabilities: The number of I/O ports, size and characteristics of each I/O port,
speed of operation of the I/O port, serial port or parallel ports. These are the considerations
needed to ascertain.
7.Memory: For mass production of microcontrollers ROM versions and for lesser production
EPROM version or CPU version with external program memory is suitable
b) Develop a program to transfer block of 05 numbers. From memory location 50H to 60H. 6M
Ans: 4
NOTE: Program may change. Please check the logic and understanding of students M—
Correct
Program
,2 M-
ORG 0000H ; Program from 0000H
commen
CLR PSW.3 ; select bank 0
ts
CLR PSW.4 ;
MOV R3, #05H ; Initialize Byte counter
MOV R0, #50H ; Initialize memory pointer for source array
MOVR1,#60H ; Initialize memory pointer for destination array
; therefore R0 Source pointer
; R1 destination pointer
UP : MOV A, @R0 ; Read number from source array
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c) Sketch 8051 interfacing diagram to interface 4 LED’s and 4 switches. Interface switches to 6M
port 0 and LED to port 1 upper nibble. Develop an ALP to read status of switches and
operate LED’s as per switch status.
Ans: 3M-
correct
interfaci
ng
diagram,
3M-
correct
program
NOTE: Program may change. Please check the logic and understanding of students
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ORG 0000H
MOV P0, #0F0H ; Make P0 as input
START: MOV A, P0 ; Read status of the key
CJNE A, #0F0H, CHECK1 ; Key pressed branch from Port 0
SJMP START ; Jump to start
CHECK1: LCALL DELAY ; Call Key debounce delay
MOV A, P0 ; Read data from port 0
CPL A ; Complement A
MOV P1, A ; Send data to LED
SJMP START ; Jump to start
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Marks
a) Develop an ALP to read temperature from LM 35 sensor. Draw the interfacing diagram 6M
with 8051
Ans: NOTE: Program may change. Please check the logic and understanding of students 3M–
Correct
diagram,
3 M-
Correct
Program
Program:
ORG 0000H
ADDR_A BIT P2.0
ADDR_B BIT P2.1
ADDR_C BIT P2.2
SC BIT P2.3
ALE BIT P2.4
OE BIT P2.5
EOC BIT P2.6
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MY_DATA EQU P1
ORG 0000H
MOV MY_DATA,#0FFH ; make P1 as input
SETB EOC ; make EOC an input
CLR ALE ; clear ALE
CLR SC ; clear SC
CLR OE ;clear OE
CLR ADDR_C ; C=0
CLR ADDR_B ; B=0
CLR ADDR_A ; A=0(select channel 0)
ACALL DELAY
SETB ALE ;latch address
ACALL DELAY
BACK: SETB SC ;start conversion
ACALL DELAY
CLR ALE
CLR SC
HERE: JB EOC,HERE ; wait
HERE1: JNB EOC,HERE1
SETB OE
ACALL DELAY
MOV A, MY_DATA
MOV P1, A
CLR OE
SJMP BACK
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b) Develop a program to toggle the LED’s after every 500m sec connected to P1.0 and P1.1 6M
after receiving the external interrupt on INT0.
Ans: 4 M-
correct
NOTE: Program may change. Please check the logic and understanding of students
program
Solution : ,1 M-
Crystal freq=11.0592MHz delay
Timer frequency=11.0592MHz/12 calculati
Time=12/11.0592MHz=1.085μs on,1M-
For delay of 50 ms, commen
ts
50ms/1.085μs=46082
Therefore, count to be loaded in TH1 and TL1 can be calculated as
65536 - 46082 =19454D=4BFEH
Note: If crystal frequency is taken as 12MHz then count to be loaded in TH1 and TL1
will be 3CB0h.
Program:
ORG 00 H
LJMP MAIN
ORG 0003 H
MOV TMOD, #10H ; Timer1, mode 1
HERE : MOV R0, #0AH ; Counter for 500ms (50*10)delay
BACK : MOV TL1, # B0H ; load count value in TL1
MOV TH1, #3CH ; load count value in TH1
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SWAP A
ADD C
MUL AB
MOV A, R0
MOVX A, @ A + DPTR.
MUL AB
Description: the multiplicand and the multiplier must be in A and B registers. After
multiplication if the result is 8 bit it will be in the accumulator and if the result is larger than
8 bit ,lower byte of result will be in accumulator and higher byte will be in register B.
Example :MOV A,#10H
MOV B,#02 H
MUL AB
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Description: Compare the contents of the accumulator with the 8 bit data in memory
address mentioned in the instruction and if they are not equal then jump to the relative
address mentioned in the instruction.
Example: CJNE A, 04H, UP: Compare the contents of the accumulator with the contents of
04H memory and if they are not equal then jump to the line of instruction where UP label is
mention
MOV A,R0
Description: this instruction copies the contents of source register R0 into accumulator. The
register R0 remains unaffected.
Example: Before Execution A=43 H, R0=32 H
After execution A=32 H, R0-32H
Description: Copy the contents of code memory pointed by the sum of Accumulator and
DPTR to the Accumulator
MOVC is a move instruction, which moves data from the code memory space. The
address operand in this example is formed by adding the content of the DPTR register to
the accumulator value. Here the DPTR value is referred to as the base address and the
accumulator value is referred to as the index address.
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SUMMER-19 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Microcontroller and applications Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
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