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  • Dynamic Response and The Laplace Transform Method: Outline

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    Simran
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    This document outlines the trial-solution method for solving differential equations. It introduces the method and shows examples of applying it to solve second-order differential equations with constant coefficients. The method involves making an educated guess at the form of the solution using characteristic roots and then determining the constants from the initial conditions. Graphs of example solutions are provided to illustrate different behaviors that can arise, such as a "hump" caused by a positive initial velocity.

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    Modling

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    Chap2

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    This document outlines the trial-solution method for solving differential equations. It introduces the method and shows examples of applying it to solve second-order differential equations with constant coefficients. The method involves making an educated guess at the form of the solution using characteristic roots and then determining the constants from the initial conditions. Graphs of example solutions are provided to illustrate different behaviors that can arise, such as a "hump" caused by a positive initial velocity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    28 views4 pages

    Dynamic Response and The Laplace Transform Method: Outline

    Uploaded by

    Simran
    This document outlines the trial-solution method for solving differential equations. It introduces the method and shows examples of applying it to solve second-order differential equations with constant coefficients. The method involves making an educated guess at the form of the solution using characteristic roots and then determining the constants from the initial conditions. Graphs of example solutions are provided to illustrate different behaviors that can arise, such as a "hump" caused by a positive initial velocity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Outline

    Dynamic Response and the


    Laplace Transform Method
    Introduction

    Laplace transform

    Dynamics and Control Systems Transfer functions

    P.K. Kankar Stability analysis


    Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering
    Routh-Hurwitz criteria etc.
    1 2

    Introduction Introduction

    Use separation of variables to solve the


    SOLUTION OF
    following problem for ≥ 0.
    DIFFERENTIAL
    EQUATIONS ̇+ 2 = 20 (0) = 3

    SEPARATION TRIAL ( )
    DIRECT LAPLACE
    INTEGRATION
    OF SOLUTION
    TRANSFORM =
    VARIABLES METHOD 20 − 2

    3
    = 10 − 7 4

    Introduction TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD

    Solve the following problem for ≠ 0.

    ̇+ = Its solution has the form = +

    where C, D, and s are constants to be determined.

    Response of the System 5 6

    1
    TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD
    By substituting ( ) into the differential equation Thus = (0) − = (0) − / , and the solution can be
    written as
    ̇+ = + + = + + =
    = + 0 −
    The only way this equation can be true is if
    + = 0 and = . Thus = − and = / . The exponential coefficient s is called the
    The remaining constant, , can be determined from the characteristic root, and its equation + = 0 is
    initial value (0) as follows. called the characteristic equation.
    Substituting = 0 into the solution form gives Characteristic roots are of great use in
    7 8
    0 = + = + . determining the form of the trial solution.

    TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD


    The two constants, and , are determined
    Solve the following problem.
    from the initial conditions as follows:
    ̈ + 7 ̇ + 10 = 20 0 =5 ̇ 0 =3
    0 =2+ + =5
    The appropriate trial-solution form is
    ̇ 0 = −2 −5 = −2 −5 =3
    = + +
    The solution of these two equations is =6
    where and are the two characteristic roots.
    and = −3. Thus, the solution is
    =2+ +
    9 10
    =2+6 −3

    TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD

    The “hump”
    is caused by
    the positive
    x(t)

    value of
    x(t)

    x˙(0).

    11 12

    2
    TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD

    Solve the following problem.

    ̈ + 7 ̇ + 10 = 20 0 =5 ̇ 0 = −3

    =2+4 −

    x(t)
    13 14

    TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD

    Solve the following problem.

    ̈ + 7 ̇ + 10 = 20 0 =5 ̇ 0 =0

    =2+5 −2
    x(t)

    15 16

    TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD

    Solve the following problem.

    ̈ + 7 ̇ + 10 = 20 0 =5 ̇ 0 = 10

    = 2 + 8.333 −5.333
    x(t)

    17 18

    3
    TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD

    Solve the following problem. The “hump” is caused by the


    positive value of along with
    5 ̈ + 20 ̇ + 20 = 28 0 =5 ̇ 0 =8 the factor t that multiplies

    x(t)
    . For this model, a hump
    The appropriate trial-solution form is in the response will occur
    whenever >0, even if x˙(0)
    = +( + )
    is zero or negative.
    = 1.4 + (3.6 + 15.2 )

    19 20

    TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD TRIAL-SOLUTION METHOD


    Solve the following problem.

    ̈ + 16 = 144 0 =5 ̇ 0 = 12

    The appropriate trial-solution form is

    = + +

    = + +

    = + 4 + 4
    21 22
    =9−4 4 +3 4

    Text and Reference Books

    • K. Ogata, Modern Control Engineering (5th edition), Prentice Hall


    India, 2003, ISBN-13: 978-0136156734.
    • I.J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, Control System Engineering (2nd
    edition), Wiley Eastern, 1982, ISBN: 9788122405033.
    • W.J. Palm, System Dynamics, (2nd edition), TATA McGRAW-HILL
    Edition, 2012, ISBN: 9781259027505)
    Reference Books
    • Bohdan T. Kulakowski, John F. Gardner, J. Lowen Shearer, Dynamic
    Modeling and Control of Engineering Systems, (3rd edition),
    Cambridge University Press, 2007, ISBN: 9780521864350)
    23
    Puneet Tandon, IIIT DM Jabalpur 11

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