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4A Periodic Table of Elements - Answer
4A Periodic Table of Elements - Answer
Activity 1
Activity 2
1
a) Proton number b) Group c) Period d) Group e) Shells
1
H 1 1 1 1 1
1
4
He 2 2 18 1 1
2
7
3 Li 2.1 1 1 2 2
11
5 B 2.3 3 13 2 2
12
6 C 2.4 4 14 2 2
1
AnswerWAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 4 Periodic Table of Elements
14
7 N 2.5 5 15 2 2
16
8 O 2.6 6 16 2 2
19
9 F 2.7 7 17 2 2
20
10 Ne 2.8 8 18 2 2
24
Mg 2.8.2 2 2 3 3
12
27
13 Al 2.8.3 3 13 3 3
28
Si 2.8.4 4 14 3 3
14
32
16 S 2.8.6 6 16 3 3
35
17 Cl 2.8.7 7 17 3 3
39
19 K 2.8.8.1 1 1 4 4
40
20 Ca 2.8.8.2 2 2 4 4
Activity 3 :
1 Physical Properties of Group 18 Elements
Down the Group :
a) increase b) increase c) increase
2
AnswerWAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 4 Periodic Table of Elements
3 Inert, stable
Example (i) two , duplet
(ii)eight, octet
4 Monoatomic , stable
Activity 4
A (i) Has shiny surface,
(ii) low melting and boiling point
(iii) soft
(iv) good conductor of heat and electricity
(v) low density
( any 3 answers)
1. 2K + 2 H2O 2 KOH + H2
2. 4Rb + O2 2 Rb2O
3. 2K + Cl2 2 KCl
Activity 5
Complete the table below and answer the following questions :
Alkali Metal Proton Number of Electron Number of
number electrons arrangement valence
electrons
Lithium 3 3 2.1 1
Sodium 11 11 2.8.1 1
Potassium 19 19 2.8.8.1 1
Rubidium 37 37 2.8.18.8.1 1
Caesium 55 55 2.8.18.18.8.1 1
1) One .
2) Donating one electron from its outermost occupied shell.
3) Ion with a charge of -1 .
4) -Going down the group 1 ,the single valence electron in the outermost occupied shell
become further away from the nucleus .
-Hence the attraction between the nucleus and the valence electron becomes weaker .
-Therefore it is easier for the atom to donate the single valence electron .
3
AnswerWAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 4 Periodic Table of Elements
Activity 6
To Investigate The Chemical Properties of Lithium, Sodium & Potassium
1) The Reaction of alkali metals With Water, H 2 O
a) (refer to practical book pg 39)
b) Data & Observation (complete this table!)
Alkali metal Observation
Lithium Floats on water and reacts quickly
Sodium Floats on water and burns with yellow
flame
Potassium Floats on water and reacts violently
(explodes)
a) Problem Statement: How does the reactivity of Group 1 elements change when
they react with oxygen .
Activity 7
4
AnswerWAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 4 Periodic Table of Elements
3) Going down the group 17, the molecular sizes will increase therefore force of
attraction between molecules will also increase.
4) a) Br2 + H2O H Br + HO Br
b) 2 Fe + 3 I2 2 Fe I3
Activity 8
1) Data and Observation (Complete the following table)
Halogen Observation
Reactant Chlorine Bromine Iodine
Dissolve quickly in Dissolve slowly Dissolve very slowly
Water water to produce in water to in water to produce a
pale yellow solution produce pale brown solution
yellowish brown
solution
Iron wool glows Iron wool glows Iron wool glows
Iron wool brightly, brown solid moderately dimly , brown solid
formed bright, brown formed
solid formed
Sodium hydroxide , NaOH Dissolve rapidly to Dissolve steadily Dissolve slowly to
solution produce a colourless to produce a produce a colourless
solution colourless solution
solution
3) a). Melting points and boiling points of element E is higher than element D
because molecular size of element E is larger than element D therefore
forces of attraction between molecules will be stronger More heat
energy is needed required to overcome the forces of attraction .
b) 3 D2 + 2 Fe 2 Fe D3
Activity 9
1))Complete the table and answer the question given below
Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Proton number 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Electron 2.8.1 2.8.2 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.8.5 2.8.6 2.8.7 2.8.8
arrangement
Number of valence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5
AnswerWAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 4 Periodic Table of Elements
electrons
Atomic radius (pm) 186 160 143 118 110 104 100 94
Physical state at Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid Gas Gas
room temperature
Electronegativity 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 -
Activity 10
1) (a). (i) Sodium oxide and aluminium oxide .
(ii) Aluminium oxide and sulphur dioxide
(b).
Oxide of elements in Period 3 Acidic / Basic / Amphoteric
Sodium oxide Basic
Magnesium oxide Basic
Aluminium oxide Amphoteric
Silicon (IV) oxide Acidic
Phosphorus (V) oxide Acidic
Sulfur dioxide Acidic
2) (a). Period two because all elements have two shells occupied with electrons
(b). F , C , Li
Activity 11
1 (a) 3, 12 b) refer to Periodic Table of elements page 179 text book
2
Special characteristies of Transition elements
Use as catalysts
3
Chemical Process Product Catalysts
Haber Ammonia Iron
Ostwald Nitric acid Platinum
Contact Sulphuric acid Vanadium(V) oxide
6
AnswerWAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 4 Periodic Table of Elements
Activity 12
1 (a) (i) Group : 1
Period : 5
(ii) Element G
(b) D2 L
(c) (i) Element E
(ii) The nuclei attraction towards the valence electrons is weaker in E.
Thus it is easier for E to lose / release an electron to form a positively charged
ion.
(d) Element M