Stress Concentration Due To Elliptic Holes
Stress Concentration Due To Elliptic Holes
Stress Concentration Due To Elliptic Holes
An elastic plate with an elliptic hole in its center is subjected to uniform longitudinal
tensile stress σ0 at one end and clamped at the other end . Perform the
FEM stress analysis of the 2-D elastic plate and calculate the maximum longitudinal
stress σmax in the plate to obtain the stress concentration factor α=σmax/σ0. Observe
the variation of the longitudinal stress distribution in the ligament between the foot
of the hole and the edge of the plate.
Given:
Plate geometry: l =400 mm, height h=100 mm, thickness b=10 mm.
Material: mild steel having Young’s modulus E =210 GPa and Poisson’s ratio ν=0.3.
Elliptic hole: An elliptic hole has a minor radius of 5mmin the longitudinal direction
and a major radius of 10mm in the transversal direction.
Boundary conditions: The elastic plate is subjected to a uniform tensile stress of
σ0 =10 Mpa in the longitudinal direction at the right end and clamped to a rigid wall
at the left end.
Procedure:
By 2 Corners
(1) Input two 0’s into the WPX and WPY boxes in the Rectangle by 2 Corners window
to determine the lower left corner point of the elastic plate on the Cartesian
Co-ordinates of the working plane.
(2) Input 200 and 50 (mm) into the Width and Height boxes, respectively, to
Determine the shape of the quarter elastic plate model.
(3) Click the OK button to create the quarter elastic plate on the ANSYS Graphics
window.
ANSYS Main Menu → Preprocessor → Modeling → Create → Areas → Circle →
Step: 8 Meshing
ANSYS Main Menu → Preprocessor → Meshing → Mesh → Areas → Free
Step: 11 Solutions
ANSYS Main Menu → Solution → Solve → Current LS
Result:
The elliptical hole is placed in an infinite body and subjected to a remote uniform
stress of σ0, the maximum stress σmax occurs at the foot of the hole, i.e., Point B in
Applied stress on the right end side of the plate and resultant reaction force and longitudinal
stress in its ligament region.
4. Two-dimensional contact stress
Aim:
An elastic cylinder of mild steel with a radius of R pressed against a flat surface of a
Linearly elastic medium of the same material by a force P’ . Perform an FEM analysis
of the elastic cylinder pressed against the elastic flat plate . Calculate the resulting contact
stress in the vicinity of the contact point in the flat
plate.
Given:
(1) Input two 0’s into the WP X and WP Y boxes in the Rectangle by 2 Corners
window to determine the upper left corner point of the elastic flat plate on the
Cartesian coordinates of the working plane.
(2) Input 500 and −500 (mm) into the Width and Height boxes, respectively, to
determine the shape of the elastic flat plate model.
(3) Click the OK button to create the plate on the ANSYS Graphics window.
Step: 3 Combining the elastic cylinder and the flat plate models
ANSYS Main Menu → Preprocessor → Modeling → Operate → Booleans → Glue →
Areas
Step: 7 Meshing
ANSYS Main Menu → Preprocessor → Meshing → Mesh → Areas → Free
Step: 9 Imposing constraint conditions on the left sides of the quarter cylinder and the
half flat plate models
ANSYS Main Menu → Solution → Define Loads → Apply → Structural →
Displacement → On Lines
Step: 10 Imposing a uniform pressure on the upper side of the quarter cylinder model
ANSYS Main Menu → Solution → Define Loads → Apply → Structural →
Pressure → On Lines
Step: 11 Solution
ANSYS Main Menu → Solution → Solve → Current LS
Result:
Elastic cylinder resulting contact stress in the vicinity of the contact point in the flat has been
verified by FEM using ANSYS.
5. Mode analysis of a straight bar
Aim:
Obtain the lowest three vibration modes and resonant frequencies in the y direction
of the straight steel bar
Given:
Thickness of the bar is 0.005 m, width is 0.01 m, and the length is 0.09 materials
of the bar is steel with Young’s modulus, E =206 GPa, and Poisson’s ratio ν=0.3.
Density ρ=7.8×103 kg/m3.
Boundary condition: All freedoms are constrained at the left end.
Procedure:
Result:
The lowest three vibration modes and frequencies obtained from y- directional straight bar by
Finite Element method in ANSYS.
6. one-axis precision Moving table using elastic hinges
Aim:
A one-axis table using elastic hinges has been often used in various precision equipment
And the position of a table is usually controlled at nanometer-order accuracy
using a piezoelectric actuator or a voice coil motor.
Given:
• Material: Steel, thickness of the table: 5mm
• Young’s modulus, E =206 GPa, Poisson’s ratio ν=0.3
• Density ρ=7.8×103 kg/m3
• Boundary condition: All freedoms are constrained at the bottom of the table and
the region A indicated in Figure 4.77, where a piezoelectric actuator is glued.
Result:
Mode analysis of a one-axis precision moving table using elastic hinges Has been verified by
using ANSYS.
7. Heat transfer through two walls
Aim:
A furnace with dimensions of its cross-section specified & constructed
by two materials. Determine The Temperature Distribution Within The Concrete And Brick
Walls Under Steady- State conditions. Also need to find flux through wall.
Given:
Step4: Solution
Before a solution can be run boundary conditions have to be applied. From ANSYS
Main Menu select Solution → Define Loads → Apply → Thermal → Convection → On Lines.
[A] Film coefficient= 0.208W/m2 K and [B] Bulk temperature=673 K, as specified for the
concrete wall in the problem formulation.
Again from ANSYS Main Menu select Solution → Define Loads → Apply →
Thermal → Convection → On Lines.
Result:
The temperature distribution within in the brick and concrete wall & Heat flux through both
walls have found by using ANSYS.
8. Heat dissipation through ribbed surface
Aim:
To determine the Distribution of thermal flux vectors at the intersection between the tank and
the pipe.
Given:
The bottom surface of the fin is exposed to a constant heat flux of q=1000 W/m.
Air flows over the developed surface keeping the surrounding temperature at
293 K. Heat transfer coefficient between the fin and the surrounding atmosphere
is h=40W/m2 K.
Step6: Solution
ANSYS Main Menu select General Post proc → Path Operations → Map
onto Path.
ANSYS Main Menu select General Post proc → Path Operations → Plot Path Item
→ On Graph.
Result:
The temperature distribution within the developed surface has been calculated by using ANSYS.
9. Concave contact between cylinder and two blocks
Given:
Configuration of the contact between cylinder and two blocks is shown in Figure 7.49.
This is a typical contact problem, which in engineering applications is represented
by a cylindrical rolling contact bearing. Also, the characteristic feature of the contact
is that, nominally, surface contact takes place between elements. In reality, this is never
the case due to surface roughness and unavoidable machining errors and dimensional
tolerance. There is no geometrical interference when the cylinder and two blocks are
assembled.
This is a 3D analysis and advantage could be taken of the inherent symmetry of
the model. Therefore, the analysis will be carried out on a half-symmetry model only.
The objective of the analysis is to observe the stresses in the cylinder when the initial
gap between two blocks is decreased by 0.05 cm.
The dimensions of the model are as follows: cylinder radius=0.5 cm;
cylinder length=1 cm; block length=2 cm; block width=1 cm; and block
thickness=0.75 cm. Both blocks are geometrically identical. All elements are made of
steel with Young’s modulus=2.1×109 N/m2, Poisson’s ratio=0.3 and are assumed
elastic. Friction coefficient at the interface between cylinder and the block is 0.2
Procedure:
Utility Menu → Plot Ctrls → Numbering and checking appropriate box to activate VOLU
Step6: Meshing
Step8: Solution
ANSYS Main Menu select Solution → Define Loads → Apply → Structural → Displacement →
Symmetry BC → On Areas.
ANSYS Main Menu select General Post proc → Plot Results → Contour Plot → Nodal Solution
Result:
The concave contact between cylinder and two blocks has been done by using ANSYS.
10. Non-Linear Analysis of a Cantilever Beam
Aim: To Analyze A Non-Linear Cantilever Beam
Given:
Procedure:
Result:
Given:
This tutorial will use a steel beam with a 10 mm X 10 mm cross section, rigidly constrained at
the bottom. The required load to cause buckling, applied at the top-center of the beam, will be
calculated.
Result:
The steel beam has been analyzed at buckling load conditions by using ANSYS.