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  • Ascaris Lumbricoides

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    Qonik Nuzulul Falakhi
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    1. Ascaris lumbricoides is a common roundworm that lives in the small intestine of humans. It has a life cycle that involves eggs passing in feces and developing into infective larvae in soil. 2. The larvae are ingested and migrate through the lungs before reaching maturity in the small intestine. Mature worms cause discomfort and malnutrition. In heavy infections, larvae can cause pneumonia or Loeffler's syndrome. 3. Prevention involves handwashing and sanitation to break the fecal-oral transmission route between humans. Treatment uses anthelmintic drugs while surgery may be needed for heavy infections.

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    1. Ascaris lumbricoides is a common roundworm that lives in the small intestine of humans. It has a life cycle that involves eggs passing in feces and developing into infective larvae in soil. 2. The larvae are ingested and migrate through the lungs before reaching maturity in the small intestine. Mature worms cause discomfort and malnutrition. In heavy infections, larvae can cause pneumonia or Loeffler's syndrome. 3. Prevention involves handwashing and sanitation to break the fecal-oral transmission route between humans. Treatment uses anthelmintic drugs while surgery may be needed for heavy infections.

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    243 views24 pages

    Ascaris Lumbricoides

    Uploaded by

    Qonik Nuzulul Falakhi
    1. Ascaris lumbricoides is a common roundworm that lives in the small intestine of humans. It has a life cycle that involves eggs passing in feces and developing into infective larvae in soil. 2. The larvae are ingested and migrate through the lungs before reaching maturity in the small intestine. Mature worms cause discomfort and malnutrition. In heavy infections, larvae can cause pneumonia or Loeffler's syndrome. 3. Prevention involves handwashing and sanitation to break the fecal-oral transmission route between humans. Treatment uses anthelmintic drugs while surgery may be needed for heavy infections.

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    ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

    Life Cycle and Pathogenesis

    Dr. Joyita Das


    Assistant Professor, Dept. of Zoology
    ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES
    • Common roundworm
     Largest intestinal
    nematode parasite
     Monogenetic
    endoparasite of man.
    • Present in the small
    intestine of of man
    SYSTEMATIC POSITION
    • Phylum: Nematoda
    • Class :Secernentia /Phasmidia
    • Order :Ascaridida
    • Genus : Ascaris
    • Species : lumbricoides
    INTRODUCTION
     Lives in the lumen of
    small intestine(usually
    jejunum).
     Occurs in the pigs and
    gorilla(A.suum) also.
     It is cosmopolitan in
    distribution, but more
    prevalent in the tropics
    ( India,China ,SE Asia etc).
     Present in about 25%
    human population.
    MORPHOLOGY
    • Colour- creamish or pinkish.
    • Size- male about 15 to 25 cm
    in length and 0.3 to 0.4 cm in
    diameter. Tail curved ventrally.
    • female about 20 to 40
    cm in length and about o.5 cm
    in diameter.
    • Body is round or cylindrical in
    shape and tapers at both ends.
    • Mouth at the anterior end and
    guarded by three lips.
    • Body cavity pseudocoel
    Morphology contd…
    • Shows sexual dimorphism.
    • Males smaller than females.
    • Posterior end of males
    curved and cloaca is the
    common opening for
    digestive and reproductive
    systems.
    • From it two isospicules
    protrude out .
    • Mouth and excretory pore
    present in both.
    LIFE CYCLE
    • It is monogenetic i.e passes
    its life in only one host that
    is man.
    • No intermediate host
    required.
    • Passes from one man to
    another by faeco- oral
    route.
    • Sexual maturity is attained
    in about 65 to70days.
    Fertilization is internal.
    • Females produce enormous
    number of eggs i.e about
    20,000 per day.
    LIFE CYCLE contd….
    • Fertilized eggs are stored
    in the uterus.
    • After fertilization eggs
    get enclosed in a
    chitinous shell.
    • Shelled eggs are released
    into the smalll intestine
    and then these are
    carried by faeces outside.
    • Through unhygienic
    conditions it reaches new
    host
    LIFE CYCLE contd….
     In favourable condition it
    develops into the larva.First
    stage larva is formed in about
    two weeks.
     Fertilized eggs may remain
    viable for months and even
    years.
     Second stage larva is formed in
    about a week.
     Since it resembles the
    nematode Rhabdites it is
    known as the Rhabditiform
    larva.
     Second stage rhabditiform
    larva is the infective stage.
    LIFE CYCLE- EGGS
    ASCARIS: STAGES
    INFECTION
    • Infection is direct.
    • It is through faeco-oral
    route.
    • No intermediate host
    required.
    • Further development only
    in the intestine of man.
    • Protective covering
    dissolved only in the
    upper part of small
    intestine.
    LIFE CYCLE OF ASCARIS
    LIFE CYCLE -STAGES
    • It involves the following stages:
    1 Eggs in faeces
    2 Development in the soil.
    3 Infection by ingestion of the larvae.
    4 Migration of the larvae through liver , heart,
    lungs and moulting.
    5 Re-entry into the intestine and final moulting.
    6 Sexual maturity , fertilization and liberation of
    shelled eggs to repeat the cycle.
    PATHOGENICITY
    PATHOGENICITY
    • Pathogenic effects are shown by both adult
    worms and larvae.
    • Adult worms:
    Causes discomfort in the upper part of the
    small intestine.
    Causes nausea ,vomiting , headache etc.
    PATHOGENIC EFFECTS
    • The following effects are seen:
    TOXIC EFFECT- body fluid of
    Ascaris is toxic.it may lead to
    fever , allergic manifestations
    such as edema of the face,
    irritation of the upper
    respiratory tract etc .
    SPOLIATIVE EFFECT – it
    absorbs the nutrition (proteins
    and vitamins) of the host
    leading to malnutrition mainly
    in the hyperinfected children.
    It may lead to Vitamin A
    deficiency.
    PATHOGENIC EFFECT contd….
    • MECHANICAL EFFECT- May
    produce intestinal
    obstructions when present in
    large numbers . It may cause
    cramps in abdominal muscles .
    It may cause ulcers in the gut
    leading to secondary
    infections.
    • ECTOPIC EFFECT – worms
    frequently migrate into the
    stomach or the oesophagus at
    night(coming out through
    nose or mouth).They may
    enter respiratory passage
    accidentally, causing blockage.
    •
    PATHOGENIC EFFECTS OF LARVAE
    LARVAE :
    IN GENERAL CIRCULATION - The
    larvae sometimes pass through the
    pulmonary circulation into various
    organs like the heart, kidneys, brain,
    lungs etc where they may set up
    unusual clinical syndrome as they
    may carry micro-organisms with
    them causing pneumonia.
    IN THE LUNGS – In heavy infection in
    the lungs ,it causes Loeffler's
    Syndrome.In this fever,cough with
    blood tinged sputum may be seen.
    IN THE BLOOD – Leads to eosinophilia
    in many cases.
    PREVENTION
    • Wash your hands
    before taking food.
    • Wash vegetables and
    fruits properly.
    • Keep food covered.
    • Drink water obtained
    from safe source.
    • Prevent defecation in
    the open.
    PREVENTION
    CONTROL
    • Maintain proper hygiene in food and drink.
    • Medicines :
    • Oil of chenopodium with tetrachloroethylene.
    • Piperazine,diathiazanine etc .
    • Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) ,Chirayeta
    (Swertia chirayeta) etc
    • Surgery may be required in case of excessive
    infection
    REFERENCES
    • Agarwal VK(2011). Zoology for Degree Students
    B Sc First year; First edition,S Chand &
    Company,378-395.
    • Chatterjee KD (2009).Parasitology;13e,CBS
    Publishers & disributors, 229-235.
    • Ganguli BB, Sinha AK and Adhikari S
    (2001).Biology of Animals; 6e,New Central Book
    Agency,
    • Ruppert EE, Fox RS and Barnes RD(2004).
    Invertebrate Zoology;7e,Cengage Learning,
    667 - 670
    REFERENCES contd ….
    • https://www.google.co.in/sear
    • www.studyandscore.com
    • www.wikipedia.com
    • www.khanacademy.org
    • www.msu.edu
    • www.microbiologybook.com
    • www.slideshare.net
    • www.researchgate.net
    • www.study.com

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