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    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

    Uploaded by

    Tejas Dongardive
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 94 (2018) 779–791

    Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews


    journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rser

    A review of transparent solar photovoltaic technologies T


    a,⁎ a,b a,b b
    Alaa A.F. Husain , Wan Zuha W. Hasan , Suhaidi Shafie , Mohd N. Hamidon ,
    Shyam Sudhir Pandeyc
    a
    Department of electronic engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
    b
    Institute of Advanced Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
    c
    Department of Biological Functions Engineering, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan

    A R T I C LE I N FO A B S T R A C T

    Keywords: Energy is essential for economic development and growth. With the rapid growth of development and the drive
    Transparent photovoltaic to expand the economy, society demands more electricity. Coupled with the realisation that unsustainable en-
    Renewable energy ergy production can have a detrimental effect on our environment. Solar energy is the most prolific method of
    Transparent semiconductors energy capture in nature. The economic drive to make solar cells more cost effective and efficient has driven
    developments in many different deposition technologies, including dipping, plating, thick film deposition and
    thin film deposition. Typically, in order for solar energy to work efficiently and supply energy to a building, a
    very large amount of space is required, in the form of rooftops or land, in order to install solar panels; these solar
    panel space requirements are a large impediment to practical usage. This drawback drove researchers to come up
    with transparent solar cells (TSCs), which solves the problem by turning any sheet of glass into a photovoltaic
    solar cell. These cells provide power by absorbing and utilising unwanted light energy through windows in
    buildings and automobiles, which leads to an efficient use of architectural space. There are approximately nine
    transparent photovoltaic (TPV) technologies under development, and studies regarding these technologies aim
    to achieve high transparency along with electrical performance that is compatible with solar panels that are sold
    in the market. The main objective of this review paper is to state all the latest reported technologies from the
    year 2007 onwards on transparent photovoltaic technologies with at least 20% average transmission. This in-
    cludes demonstrating the process used in each technology (including the materials and the methods) and ex-
    plaining its advantages and disadvantages from a performance, aesthetic and financial perspective. Therefore,
    this study provides a crucial review on the latest developments in the field of TSCs.

    1. Introduction electrons. This phenomenon of electron flow by photon absorption is


    called the photovoltaic effect. The PV's cell directs the electrons in one
    In recent years, the floodgates of research focusing on clean re- direction, which forms a current [5,6]; the amount of current is pro-
    newable energy have been opened by scientists who consider solar portional to the number of absorbed photons, which means that PV
    energy to be the most abundant source of energy that can satisfy soci- solar cells are a variable current source. There are approximately 24
    ety's demands, which stem from continual economic development models of solar cell technologies that are made from different types of
    [1–4]. Solar energy is at least utilised in 4 different ways in our daily materials and methods [7]. This review paper is primarily interested in
    lives, and this ranges from heating water to producing electricity. transparent solar cells. However, in order to understand the concept of
    Photovoltaic (PV) technologies are at the top of the list of applications transparent solar cells, it is important to explain the evolution of solar
    that use solar power, and forecast reports for the world's solar photo- cells starting from the silicon type. The following is a short background
    voltaic electricity supplies state that in the next 12 years, PV technol- on solar cell technologies.
    ogies will deliver approximately 345 GW and 1081 GW by 2020 and The challenges that face photovoltaic cells are cost, efficiency, and
    2030, respectively [5]. A photovoltaic cell is a device that converts operating lifetime [8]. Researchers are now focusing on finding mate-
    sunlight into electricity using semiconductor materials. Semiconductor rials that will overcome these challenges. Silicon was the first material
    materials enable electron flow when photons from sunlight are ab- that exhibited good efficiency [9]. It is used in monocrystalline PV cells,
    sorbed and eject electrons, leaving a hole that is filled by surrounding which are at least 6% more efficient but also more expensive than

    ⁎
    Correspondence to: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
    E-mail address: [email protected] (A.A.F. Husain).

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.06.031
    Received 3 January 2017; Received in revised form 13 June 2018; Accepted 14 June 2018
    Available online 06 July 2018
    1364-0321/ © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
    (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0/).

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