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History Combined Chapter 1 28
History Combined Chapter 1 28
competition.
THE PEOPLE -filipinos are cooperative, not competitive.
- the segurista attitude of Filipinos.
-A Filipino is basically a Malay.
Diego Silang
-opposed the exaction of comun(annual tribute of one
real fuente) •European Liberalism
John Locke
**PEASANT UNREST** -wrote Two Treatises on Govt
Maginoos of Silang -posited that social contract between the King, who did
- disputed land surveys which usurped a large portion of not exercise absolute powers, and his subjects, means
the communal lands in Latag and Lantic that if the king failed to do his duty and did not respond
Joseph de la Vega, Francisco Santos de Medina, Ignacio to natural rights, his subjects had the rights to overthrow
Marvelo, Julio Lopez de Montoya, Andres Pulido, him.
Francisco Gonzales
-principales of Silang, assaulted the controversial Jacques Rousseau
hacienda and razed granaries -re echoed the same in The Social Contract
-if a govt didnt satisfy subjects, they have all the reason
Casimiro Camerino to alter the govtto whatever they thought best
-unjustly labeled El Tulisan by the Spaniards
Gov. Gen Carlos Maria de la Torre
**THE MORO RESISTANCE** -abolished press espionage and proclaimed freedom of
Moro raids speech
-in retaliation for Spanish acts of reducing Moro captives -led a group of elites in a toast of liberty
to slavery and razing their homes
•Racial Discrimination
**FAILURE OF THE REVOLTS** Fr. Miguel Lucio y Bustamante
-opined that Filipino could never learn the Spanish
Reasons for the failure language or be civilized
-insular make-up of the Philippines -indio will always be an indio...
-no lingua franca
Francisco Canamaque
**FILIPINO NATIONALISM:DECELERATORS** -hated Filipino laziness and incapacity
Assimilation – thez transformation of the The additional aims of the Sol during Del Pilar’s
Philippines to a province of Spain and making the editorship: The removal of the friars and the
Filipinos fellow-Spaniards. secularization of the parishes; Active participation
in the affairs of the government; Freedom of
Graciano Lopez Jaena – the Great Orator. He speech, of the press, and of assembly; A wider
was born in Jaro, Iloilo on Dec. 17, 1856. His social and political freedom; Equality before the
parents are: Placido Lopez and Maria Jacobo Jaena. law; Assimilation, and; Representation in the
He died because of tuberculosis on Jan. 20, 1896 in Spanish Cortes.
Barcelona.
Jose Rizal – was born in Calamba, Laguna on June
Fray Botod – one of the works of Lopez Jaena that 19, 1861. His parents are: Francisco Mercado and
deals with the ignorance, abuses and immorality of Teodora Alonzo. He died on Dec. 30, 1896.
a friar.
Sa Aking Kabata – a tagalog poem allegedly said
Botod (fat) – Hiligaynon word for big-bellied man. to be written by Rizal at the age of eight.
The tagalog equivalent of Botyok.
A la Juventud Filipina – written by Rizal at
eighteen, won the first prize in a literary contest.
Noli Me Tangere – is a socio-historical novel of CHAPTER 9
Rizal based on facts that he gathered while he was Bonifacio and the Katipunan
in the Philippines which he finished at the age of
26. Katipunan – Kataastaasan, Kagalang-galangan na
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan. It was formed
El Filibusterismo – Rizal’s second novel, a on July 7, 1892 at a house on Azcarraga, near
political novel in which he predicted the coming of Elcano Street, Tondo.
a revolution.
Triangle Method – a recruitment technique used
Feb. 15, 1889 – the first number of La Solidaridad by the Katipunan in order for the society to increase
came out in Barcelona. First editor: Graciano in number.
Lopez Jaena succeeded by Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
3 Governing Bodies: Kataastaasang Sanggunian
Pen Names: Jose Rizal – Dimas Alang and Laong – the highest governing body of the society and was
Laan; Mariano Ponce – Tikbalang, Naning, composed of the president, fiscal, treasurer and
Kalipulako; Antonio Luna – Taga-ilog; Marcelo comptroller or interventor; Sangguniang Bayan –
H. Del Pilar – Plaridel; Jose Ma. Panganiban – represents the province; Sangguniang Balangay –
Jomapa. represents the municipality or town.
La Propaganda – a civil society established Andres Bonifacio – the founder and organizer of
simultaneously with the introduction of Masonry in the Katipunan. He was born in Tondo, Manila on
the Philippines. Nov. 30, 1863. His parents are: Santiago Bonifacio
and Catalina de Castro.
La Liga Filipina – a civic society founded by Rizal
on July 3, 1892. Officers: President – Ambrosio Siblings of Bonifacio: Ciriaco, Procopio,
Salvador; Fiscal – Agustin de la Rosa; Treasurer – Espiridiona, Troadio and Maxima
Bonifacio Arevalo and; Secretary – Deodato
Arellano Monica – Andres Bonifacio’s first wife who died of
leprosy.
Taft Commission- Phil Commission with Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act (1909)- “Free Trade”
William Howard Taft as the 1st military gen only American goods didn’t have limitation;
Filipino goods were limited by quota system
Gregorio Araneta & Benito Legarda-
Underwood-Simmons Act- abolished quotas
Cayetano Arellano- 1st Chief Justice of the on Phil exports
Supreme Court
Tydings McDuffie Law (1934)- quotas were
2 reasons “why the Elite?” reimposed
1. fear of losing security of their interest Exported oriented- XD
2. distrust in character of the masses
Najeeb Saleeby- itong “mama” na ito ang isa CHAPTER 17
mga successful na nag educate sa mga
Muslim (sori Teacher Emie <3) Colonial Politics: Towards Complete
Autonomy
Carpenter-Kiram Agreement (1915)-
Changed the term in Bates Treaty; Divested Warren G. Harding (1921)- US Republican
the Sultan of all his political power and only President
allowed to execise rights and duties of spiritual
Wood Forbes Mission- led by Cameron
leader
Forbes and Leonard Wood; indicted the
Woodraw Wilson- elected democratic Pres in Harrison Era for many problems during
1912 investigation
Democratic Party- Labor and Farm bloc Leonard Wood- became gov gen during
Harding era
Republican Party- Capitalist and landlords
Cabinet Crisis- open break between Wood
Francis B. Harrison- 1st democratic gov gen in and Filipino leaders led by Manuel Quezon
Phil 1913
Manuel Quezon- president of the Senate
Cooper Act- Phil bill of 1902 (sori di ko
mahanap ) Manuel Roxas- Speaker of the House
Council of State- advisory body of Chief Ray Conley (American)- Chief of the vice-
Executive squad of the Secret Service Branch of Manila
Police Dept; charged of keeping mistress,
Board of Control- regulated govt participation bribery from Manila gamblers known as
in buss corp and firms “Conley Case”
Phil Commission- upper house Veto- power to reject/ not pass bills
Phil Assembly- lower house
Harrison- has the least vetoed introduced in apr 1924; proposed a 30 yr
period of autonomy in which the Phil would
Wood- has the most vetoed bills; abolished the
have controlof insular affairs with elected gov
board of control
gen for “commonwealth of the Phil”.
Henry Stimson- 1928 gov gen in Phil; restored
the Harrison era and sympathy w/ Filipino
leaders Roxas- showed the Fairfield Bill to special
mission in dec 1923
Stimson’s Successor- Dwight Davis,
Theodore Roosevelt Jr Frank Murphy Quezon and Osmena advised the admin that
they get the bill accepted if the admin would
offer assurance that it would pass the
CHAPTER 18 Congress. But Fairfield himself announced that
Campaign for Independence he was unwilling to see the bill passed.
3rd Parliamentary mission- bitter struggle
Commission of Independence (1918)-
ensued between two parties leadership over
created by Phil Legislature to study the
the Fairfield where Recto charged P20, P50
negotiation of Phil Independence
and P100 i mean Quezon, Osmena Roxas,
1918- Commission is composed originally by with double dealing and insincerity to Fairfield
11 senators and 40 congressmen. After Bill
subsequent recruitment, leadership remained
Bacon Bill- separates Mindanao, Sulu, &
Nacionalista. Missions were sent with
Palawan from govt jurisdiction.
Nacionalista (Qurzon, osmena, Roxas, Santos,
Quirino etc) and Democrata (Recto, gil, Tirona Supreme National Council- launched by
etc) Quezon, uniting all pol. parties to attract not so
prominent Filipinos in the ind campaign, to
1st Parliamentary Mission (1919)- led by
decentralize the campaign and to achieve
Quezon and Palma with both parties; during
peaceful use of pol authority. The org structure
Wilson era; received by war sec, Newton
is similar to insular govt. It is “Ind Commission”
Baker; at bad timing of War
under diff name expect that it invited non
2nd Parliamentary Mission (1922)- led by politician to participate. In 1928 it faded away.
Quezon & Osmena to present Fil viewpoints on
Senate Bill 198- passed by Phil Legislature
the questions raised by Wood Forbes Mission;
which provided for plebiscite on immediate
missions successively sent to Washington in
independence in Nov 1925; aimed to
1923-1925. Happened during the Cabinet
counteract the anti- independence campaign of
Crisis
State.
Manuel Roxas- led a special mission in Nov
American Interest Groups “Friends” of Phil.
1923to protest alleged illegal and arbitrary acts
Independence
of Wood
Labor and farm bloc
Calvin Coolidge- delivered the the Pres.’
Reply that the American govt would take Isolationist
measures to grant the Phil independence since Anti imperialist
Filipinos are unprepared because they can’t Extreme patriotic societies
cooperate with Wood administration
OsRox Mission- First to succeed in securing
Fairfield Bill- Administration alternative to the passage of independence bill, Hare Hawes
independence measure after the Ind. Missions; Cutting Law on jan 17, 1933; provided for
establishment of 10 year commonwealth Commonwealth Act No. 213 – sought to recognize,
before the proclamation of ind. On jul. 4, 1946. define and regulate legitimate labor disputes and the
It was rejected by Filipinos because of Court of Industrial Relations was established.
provisions affecting trade relations, power of
high commissioner is too indefinite & military The social justice program did not prove an outstanding
and naval provisions. success as it depended almost entirely on the
personality of Quezon.
Tydings McDuffie (1934)- “hare hawes cutting
law” under diff nameby Quezon; eliminates the Education during the Commonwealth
provisions for military reservations.
National Council of Education – headed by Rafael Palma
US- in 1934 1st nation to voluntary relinquish
sovereignty over a colony powers. Department of Education – headed by Sergio Osmena
Claro M. Recto – president of the Philippine Article 2 of the Constitution – directed the National
Constitutional Convention. Assembly to “take steps toward the development and
adoption of a common language based on one of the
The Philippine Constitution followed the American existing native languages”
model in structure.
Commonwealth Act No. 184 – established the Institute
The Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated of National Language
with Manuel L. Quezon as president and Sergio Osmena
as vice-president. Tagalog – basis of national language
Commonwealth Act No. 211 – established a minimum Trade relations – most pressing economic problem
wage for laborers employed in public works project. involving US
Colonial-type national economy – dependent on Asylums for the orphans, the insane, and the juvenile
agricultural raw material exports and on manufactured offenders were founded
and processed goods as well as food imports
Salt-and-rice nutrition were replaced by balanced diet
Philippine Economic Adjustment Act (also called as
Tydings-Kocialkowski Act) – removed the increase in Trade, Commerce and Industy
export tax Free Trade relations – main reason of economic
development of the Philippines
Alien Control of the Economy
Anti-Dummy Law – punished Filipinos who allowed Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act – all Philippine exports, except
themselves to be used as ‘dummies’ or fronts by alien rice, were allowed to enter American markets free of
businessmen and investors. duty within certain quota limits whereas American
exports to the Philippines were unlimited and duty-free
National Economic Council – created to direct the
Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act – abolished the quota
economic activities of the Commonwealth
limitations on Phil. export products
“Partyless Democracy”
Mining – backbone of Philippine economy
Philippine Commonwealth – “Quezon Government”
Tydings-McDuffie Independence Act of 1934 – brought
Commonwealth era has been stagnant back the quota limitations on Phil. Products
Introduction of a scientific program of public health and Municipal elections – Filipinos’ first taste of politics
welfare – next to importance to public education Language and Literature
Elementary principles of hygiene and sanitation were The development of Filipino literature in English and the
introduced adoption of American words and phrases in the
Philippine languages are some of the most lasting To spare Manila, Gen. MacArthur declared it as an open
American influences city (all defensive forces have been abandoned), but the
Japanese still bombed the city
Negative Results
Pres. Franklin Roosevelt – pledged to give the Filipinos
Philippines – most Westernized country in the Orient their independence and freedom
Colonial mentality has worsened Quezon in Corregidor
Filipino suffered a partial loss on their racial heritage Manuel L. Quezon, Jose Abad Santos, Sergio Osmena,
A Filipino who places his country’s interest first and Basilio Valdes and Manuel Nieto all left for Corregidor
foremost is branded an anti-American Jose P. Laurel – former Chief Justice then promoted to
Success is measured in terms of material possessions Secretary of Justice; acted as the mediator between the
Japanese and Filipinos
Gangsterism, juvenile delinquency, promiscuous love
affairs, betrayal, racketeering, graft and corruption – all Quezon took his oath on the Corregidor marking his
influences of Americans second term as President
The US declared war with only one dissenting vote General Wainwright surrendered to the Japanese,
(Jeannette Rankin) through the Voice of Freedom
Council of State – advisory body of the government Dramatic Philippines – the white hope of the stage
August 6 – nuclear bomb unleashed in Parity Rights – Americans would have the right to
Hiroshima. dispose, exploit, develop, and utilize all agricultural,
August 9 – nuclear bomb unleashed in timber and mineral lands.
Nagasaki. The same day that Russia declared
Tydings Rehabilitation Act – a complement to the Bell
war against Japan.
Trade providing for an outlay of $620,000,000 in
August 15 – surrender of Japan.
condition by the amendment to give “parity” rights to
September 2 – Japan signed the terms of
the Americans.
surrender on board the battleship Missouri at
Tokyo Bay. The Birth of the Liberal Party – the Nacionalista Party
was split into two:
Osmena Faction - supporters of Osmena who Gen. Rafael Jalandoni – accused the HUKs of the
wanted him to continue serve the country bastardly crime.
despite of his conclusion to retire.
Gen. Alberto Ramos – contende that bandits, not
Roxas Faction – supporters of Manuel Roxas.
the HUKs, were responsible to the crime.
The election resulted in the dominance of the
Roxas faction, which assumed a new color and
became the Liberal Party.
The Roxas Administration Chapter 25: THE RECOGNITION OF TAO
Guerilla Amnesty – proclaimed general Ramon Magsaysay- Secretary of Nat’l Defense, Quirino
amnesty of those guerillas who killed and Administration; projected himself as friend of the tao;
murdered in pursuance of the resistance ran for the highest office and was elected by the
movement. majority; died in an accident during his popularity;
The Treaty of General Relations – United States Nacionalista
withdrew and surrendered “all rights of
Tao- common man; object of pity; victim of injustices;
possession, supervision, jurisdiction, control, or
but suffered with abundant patience and amiable
sovereignty except bases for the mutual
tolerance like a carabao; backbone of the nation;
protection of United States and the Philippines.
unheard voices; those in power have looked upon them
as pure lunacy
CHAPTER 24
Result of the degradation of the tao:
The HUKBALAHAP movement *thoughts of negligence
*bahala na attitude
Banal Taruc – chairman of the committee. *indolence
*fatalism augmented by ignorance
The HUKBALAHAP sovereignty – unity and
*religious fanaticism
discipline of the men and women under the HUK
influence made Central Luzon and other provinces a
Magsaysay Administration:
HUK territory who saw to it that peace and order
*geared his administration to the urgent demands of
reigned in their respective areas.
the public
Roxas and the HUKs – when Roxas finally won the *improvement of land tenure system
presidency, he instituted a campaign against the *easy-term credit to peasants
HUKs. The HUKs however, succeeded in electing *intensive community development with self-help as
Taruc and other members of the Democratic basic factor
Alliance to Congress. *Agricultural Tenancy Act- freedom to choose the
system of tenancy under which they would want to
The Quirino Administration work
*Nat’l Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration
Judge Antonio Quirino – sent by his brother Pres.
(NARRA)- settlement projects for landless settlers
Quirino, to the field to contact Taruc in order to
*linked rural districts to urban centers
know what the HUKs wanted.
*Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing
The Murder of Mrs. Quezon – on April 28, 1949, Administration (ACCFA) - agricultural aid for farmers
Mrs. Aurora Aragon Quezon, her daughter, baby, *Farmers Cooperative and Marketing Association
and ten others, in Nueva Ecija, were shot merciless (FACOMAS)
to death. *Presidential Complaints and Action Committee- truly
a gov’t of the people
*opened the Malacanang to the mass -Arrested where Harry S. Stonehill, his associates John L.
and Robert P. Brooks.
The peasants misled Magsaysay’s intentions into -Seized during the raids where enormous amounts of
believing that everything would be done for them by cash and a large quantity of assorted documents which
the gov’t could have filled three six by six trucks
-Blue Book, containing the names of persons, in and
Magsaysay died on a plane crash on March 16, 1957 outside the gov’t, who allegedly received various sums
when he left for Cebu from Stonehill
-Pres. Macapagal ordered the immediate deportation of
President Carlos P. Garcia succeeded Magsaysay’s Stonehill and Brooks
presidency -Senator Arturo M. Tolentino, a Nacionalista, called the
presedential order “a dangerous precedent, any
Vice Pres. Diosdado Macapagal- First time in the influential alien could commit any crime in the
Philippine History that a president was elected with a Philippines and then escape punishment by agreeing to
vice president belonging to the rival party (Liberal party) be deported