Clinical Risk Assessment For People With Learning Disabilities Who Offend
Clinical Risk Assessment For People With Learning Disabilities Who Offend
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Many children have trouble reading, writing, or performing other learning-related tasks at some
point. This does not mean they have learning disabilities. A child with a learning disability often
has several related signs, and they don’t go away or get better over time. The signs of learning
disabilities vary from person to person.
Please note that the generally common signs included here are for informational purposes only;
the information is not intended to screen for learning disabilities in general or for a specific type
of learning disability.
Common signs that a person may have learning disabilities include the following:
Problems reading and/or writing
Problems with math
Poor memory
Problems paying attention
Trouble following directions
Clumsiness
Trouble telling time
Problems staying organized1
A child with a learning disability also may have one or more of the following1:
These signs alone are not enough to determine that a person has a learning disability. Only a
professional can diagnose a learning disability.
Each learning disability has its own signs. A person with a particular disability may not have all
of the signs of that disability.
Children being taught in a second language may show signs of learning problems or a learning
disability. The learning disability assessment must take into account whether a student is
bilingual or a second language learner. In addition, for English-speaking children, the assessment
should be sensitive to differences that may be due to dialect, a form of a language that is specific
to a region or group.
Below are some common learning disabilities and the signs associated with them:
Common Names
Reading disabilities
Reading disorders
Alternate Titles
Dyslexia
A child who has trouble writing or has very poor handwriting and
does not outgrow it may have dysgraphia. This disorder may cause
a child to be tense and twist awkwardly when holding a pen or
pencil.5
Other signs of this condition may include5:
Factors that affect a fetus developing in the womb, such as alcohol or drug use, can put a child at
higher risk for a learning problem or disability. Other factors in an infant’s environment may
play a role, too. These can include poor nutrition or exposure to lead in water or in paint. Young
children who do not receive the support they need for their intellectual development may show
signs of learning disabilities once they start school.3
Sometimes a person may develop a learning disability later in life due to injury. Possible causes
in such a case include dementia or a traumatic brain injury (TBI).4
Citations
1. National Center for Learning Disabilities. (2017). Snapshot of learning and attention
issues in the U.S. Retrieved August 7, 2018, from https://www.ncld.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/03/1-in-5-Snapshot.Fin_.03142017.pdf (PDF – 187 KB)
2. Harstad, E. (n.d.). Are the learning issues in my family genetic? Retrieved August 7,
2018, from https://www.understood.org/en/family/siblings/multiple-children-learning-
issues/are-the-learning-issues-in-my-family-genetic
3. National Center for Learning Disabilities. (2014). The state of learning disabilities:
Facts, trends and emerging issues (3rd ed.).New York: National Center for Learning
Disabilities. Retrieved March 8, 2017, from http://www.ncld.org/wp-
content/uploads/2014/11/2014-State-of-LD.pdf (PDF – 6.1 MB)
4. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (n.d.). Dyslexia information
page. Retrieved March 8, 2017, from https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-
Disorders/Dyslexia-Information-Page