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SL Analysis Formula Booklet PDF
SL Analysis Formula Booklet PDF
Version 1.0
Prior learning
SL and HL 2
HL only 4
Topic 2: Functions
SL and HL 5
HL only 5
HL only 7
HL only 10
Topic 5: Calculus
SL and HL 11
HL only 12
Prior learning – SL and HL
1
Area of a triangle A = (bh) , where b is the base, h is the height
2
1
Area of a trapezoid A
= (a + b) h , where a and b are the parallel sides, h is the height
2
Volume of a cuboid V = lwh , where l is the length, w is the width, h is the height
Area of the curved surface of A= 2πrh , where r is the radius, h is the height
a cylinder
SL r
kn
Compound interest
1.4 FV = PV × 1 + , where FV is the future value,
100k
PV is the present value, n is the number of years,
k is the number of compounding periods per year,
r% is the nominal annual rate of interest
log b x
log a x =
log b a
SL
1.9
Binomial theorem (a + b) n = a n + n C a n −1b +… + n C a n − r b r +… + b n
1 r
nC = n!
r r !(n − r )!
AHL nC = n!
1.10 Combinations
r r !(n − r )!
n P = n!
Permutations
r (n − r )!
AHL
[ r (cosθ + isin θ )]
n
De Moivre’s theorem =r n (cos nθ + isin nθ ) =r n einθ =r n cis nθ
1.14
y2 − y1
Gradient formula m=
x2 − x1
SL
Solutions of a quadratic −b ± b 2 − 4ac
2.7 ax 2 + bx + c= 0 ⇒ x= , a≠0
equation 2a
Discriminant ∆= b 2 − 4ac
∑a x
r =0
r
r
=0
Coordinates of the x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z1 + z2
midpoint of a line segment , ,
with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 )
2 2 2
and ( x2 , y2 , z2 )
1
Volume of a right-pyramid V= Ah , where A is the area of the base, h is the height
3
1 2
Volume of a right cone V= πr h , where r is the radius, h is the height
3
Area of the curved surface A = πrl , where r is the radius, l is the slant height
of a cone
4 3
Volume of a sphere V= πr , where r is the radius
3
SL a b c
3.2 Sine rule = =
sin A sin B sin C
a 2 + b2 − c2
Cosine rule c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos C ; cos C =
2ab
1
Area of a triangle A = ab sin C
2
SL
3.4
Length of an arc l = rθ , where r is the radius, θ is the angle measured in radians
1
Area of a sector A = r 2θ , where r is the radius, θ is the angle measured in
2
radians
AHL 1
Reciprocal trigonometric secθ =
3.9
identities cos θ
1
cosecθ =
sin θ
cos ( A ± B ) =
cos A cos B ∓ sin A sin B
tan A ± tan B
tan ( A ± B ) =
1 ∓ tan A tan B
AHL v1
3.12 2 2 2
Magnitude of a vector v = v + v2 + v3 , where v = v2
1
v
3
Cartesian equations of a x − x0 y − y0 z − z0
= =
line l m n
AHL v2 w3 − v3 w2 v1 w1
3.16
Vector product v ×=
w v3 w1 − v1w3 , where v = v2 , w = w2
v w −v w v w
1 2 2 1 3 3
v×w =v w sin θ , where θ is the angle between v and w
Cartesian equation of a ax + by + cz =
d
plane
SL k
4.3 ∑fx i i k
Mean, x , of a set of data x= i =1
n
, where n = ∑f
i =1
i
SL n ( A)
4.5 Probability of an event A P ( A) =
n (U )
SL Combined events P ( A ∪ B )= P ( A) + P ( B) − P ( A ∩ B)
4.6
Mutually exclusive events P ( A ∪ B )= P ( A) + P ( B)
P ( A ∩ B)
Conditional probability P ( A B) =
P ( B)
Independent events P ( A ∩ B) =
P ( A) P ( B)
SL
4.7
Expected value of a
discrete random variable X
E(X )
= ∑=
x P(X x)
SL Binomial distribution
4.8 X ~ B (n , p)
Mean E ( X ) = np
Variance Var (=
X ) np (1 − p )
AHL P ( B) P ( A | B)
Bayes’ theorem P ( B | A) =
4.13
P ( B ) P ( A | B) + P ( B′) P ( A | B′)
P( Bi ) P( A | Bi )
P ( Bi | A) =
P( B1 ) P( A | B1 ) + P( B2 ) P( A | B2 ) + P( B3 ) P( A | B3 )
AHL k k
∑ f i ( xi − µ ) ∑
2
4.14 f i xi 2
Variance σ 2 =
=
σ 2 i 1= = i1 − µ2
n n
∑ f (x − µ)
2
i i
Standard deviation σ σ= i =1
Linear transformation of a E ( aX +=
b ) aE ( X ) + b
single random variable
Var ( aX + b ) =
a 2 Var ( X )
Expected value of a ∞
continuous random ) µ=
E(X = ∫ −∞
x f ( x) dx
variable X
Var ( X ) = E ( X − µ ) 2 = E ( X 2 ) − [ E (X ) ]
2
Variance
Variance of a discrete
random variable X
∑ ( x − µ )2 P ( X =
Var ( X ) = ∑ x2 P ( X =
x) = x) − µ 2
Variance of a continuous ∞ ∞
∫ ( x − µ ) f ( x) dx =
∫ x f ( x) dx − µ
2 2 2
Var ( X ) =
random variable X −∞ −∞
SL Derivative of x n x n ⇒ f ′( x) =
f ( x) = nx n −1
5.3
SL
5.5 x n +1
Integral of x n ∫x=
n
dx + C , n ≠ −1
n +1
Derivative of e x e x ⇒ f ′( x) =
f ( x) = ex
1
Derivative of ln x f ( x) =ln x ⇒ f ′( x) =
x
dy dy du
Chain rule y = g (u ) , where u = f ( x) ⇒ = ×
dx du dx
dy dv du
Product rule y =uv ⇒ =u + v
dx dx dx
du dv
v −u
Quotient rule
u dy dx d x
y= ⇒ = 2
v dx v
SL dv d 2 s
5.9 Acceleration a
= =
dt dt 2
t1 to t 2
distance = ∫t1
v(t ) dt
Displacement from t2
t1 to t 2
displacement = ∫t1
v (t )dt
∫ sin x dx =
− cos x + C
∫ cos x=
dx sin x + C
∫e
x
x ex + C
d=
SL
Area of region enclosed b
5.11 A = ∫ y dx
by a curve and x-axis a
cosec x cosec x ⇒ f ′( x) =
f ( x) = −cosec x cot x
cot x f ( x) =⇒
cot x f ′( x) =
−cosec 2 x
ax a x ⇒ f ′( x) =
f ( x) = a x (ln a )
1
log a x f ( x) = log a x ⇒ f ′( x) =
x ln a
1
arcsin x f ( x)= arcsin x ⇒ f ′( x)=
1 − x2
1
arccos x arccos x ⇒ f ′( x) =
f ( x) = −
1 − x2
1
arctan x f ( x)= arctan x ⇒ f ′( x)=
1 + x2
1 x
∫ 2
a −x
d=
x arcsin + C ,
2
a
x <a
AHL dv du
5.16 Integration by parts ∫ u dx d=x uv − ∫ v
dx
dx or ∫ u d=
v uv − ∫ v du
AHL b
5.17
Area of region enclosed A = ∫ x dy
a
by a curve and y-axis
b b
Volume of revolution V = ∫ πy 2 dx or V = ∫ πx 2 dy
a a
about the x or y-axes
y ′ + P ( x) y =
Q ( x)
AHL x2
5.19 Maclaurin series f ( x) =f (0) + x f ′(0) + f ′′(0) + …
2!
x 2 x3
ln (1 + x) =x − + − ...
2 3
x3 x5
sin x =x − + − ...
3! 5!
x2 x4
cos x =−
1 + − ...
2! 4!
x3 x5
arctan x =x − + − ...
3 5