Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Reviewer Fundamentals of Nursing
Reviewer Fundamentals of Nursing
A. Reverse isolation
B. Respiratory isolation
C. Standard precautions
D. Contact isolation
3. Several clients are admitted to an adult medical unit. The nurse would ensure airbor
ne precautions for a client with which of the following medical conditions?
4. Which of the following is the FIRST priority in preventing infections when providing
care for a client?
A. Handwashing
B. Wearing gloves
C. Using a barrier between client’s furniture and nurse’s bag
D. Wearing gowns and goggles
5. An adult woman is admitted to an isolation unit in the hospital after tuberculosis wa
s detected during a pre-employment physical. Although frightened about her diagnos
is, she is anxious to cooperate with the therapeutic regimen. The teaching plan include
s information regarding the most common means of transmitting the tubercle bacillus
from one individual to another. Which contamination is usually responsible?
A. Hands.
B. Droplet nuclei.
C. Milk products.
D. Eating utensils.
7. A young adult is being treated for second and third-degree burns over 25% of his b
ody and is now ready for discharge. The nurse evaluates his understanding of dischar
ge instructions relating to wound care and is satisfied that he is prepared for home car
e when he makes which statement?
a. “I will need to take sponge baths at home to avoid exposing the wounds to unsteril
e bath water.”
b. “If any healed areas break open I should first cover them with a sterile dressing and
then report it.”
c. “I must wear my Jobst elastic garment all day and can only remove it when I’m goin
g to bed.”
d. “I can expect occasional periods of low-grade fever and can take Tylenol every 4 ho
urs.”
8. An eighty five year old man was admitted for surgery for benign prostatic hypertrop
hy. Preoperatively he was alert, oriented, cooperative, and knowledgeable about his s
urgery. Several hours after surgery, the evening nurse found him acutely confused, agi
tated, and trying to climb over the protective side rails on his bed. The most appropria
te nursing intervention that will calm an agitated client is:
9. Ms. Smith is admitted for internal radiation for cancer of the cervix. The nurse know
s the client understands the procedure when she makes which of the following remark
s the night before the procedure?
A. She says to her husband, “Please bring me a hamburger and french fries tomorrow
when you come. I hate hospital food.”
B. “I told my daughter who is pregnant to either come to see me tonight or wait until I
go home from the hospital.”
C. “I understand it will be several weeks before all the radiation leaves my body.”
D. “I brought several craft projects to do while the radium is inserted.”
10. The nurse in charge is evaluating the infection control procedures on the unit. Whi
ch finding indicates a break in technique and the need for education of staff?
A. The nurse aide is not wearing gloves when feeding an elderly client.
B. A client with active tuberculosis is asked to wear a mask when he leaves his room to
go to another department for testing.
C. A nurse with open, weeping lesions of the hands puts on gloves before giving direc
t client care.
D. The nurse puts on a mask, a gown, and gloves before entering the room of a client
on strict isolation.
11. The charge nurse observes a new staff nurse who is changing a dressing on a surgi
cal wound. After carefully washing her hands the nurse dons sterile gloves to remove t
he old dressing. After removing the dirty dressing, the nurse removes the gloves and
dons a new pair of sterile gloves in preparation for cleaning and redressing the wound
. The most appropriate action for the charge nurse is to:
A. interrupt the procedure to inform the staff nurse that sterile gloves are not needed
to remove the old dressing.
B. congratulate the nurse on the use of good technique.
C. discuss dressing change technique with the nurse at a later date.
D. interrupt the procedure to inform the nurse of the need to wash her hands after re
moval of the dirty dressing and gloves.
12. Nurse Jane is visiting a client at home and is assessing him for risk of a fall. The mo
st important factor to consider in this assessment is:
13. Mrs. Jones will have to change the dressing on her injured right leg twice a day. Th
e dressing will be a sterile dressing, using 4 X 4s, normal saline irrigant, and abdomina
l pads. Which statement best indicates that Mrs. Jones understands the importance of
maintaining asepsis?
A. “If I drop the 4 X 4s on the floor, I can use them as long as they are not soiled.”
B. “If I drop the 4 X 4s on the floor, I can use them if I rinse them with sterile normal sa
line.”
C. “If I question the sterility of any dressing material, I should not use it.”
D. “I should put on my sterile gloves, then open the bottle of saline to soak the 4 X 4s.
”
14. A client has been placed in blood and body fluid isolation. The nurse is instructing
auxiliary personnel in the correct procedures. Which statement by the nursing assistan
t indicates the best understanding of the correct protocol for blood and body fluid iso
lation?
15. The nurse is evaluating whether nonprofessional staff understand how to prevent t
ransmission of HIV. Which of the following behaviors indicates correct application of u
niversal precautions?
A. A lab technician rests his hand on the desk to steady it while recapping the needle
after drawing blood.
B. An aide wears gloves to feed a helpless client.
C. An assistant puts on a mask and protective eye wear before assisting the nurse to s
uction a tracheostomy.
D. A pregnant worker refuses to care for a client known to have AIDS.
16. Jayson, 1 year old child has a staph skin infection. Her brother has also developed t
he same infection. Which behavior by the children is most likely to have caused the tra
nsmission of the organism?
A. Bathing together.
B. Coughing on each other.
C. Sharing pacifiers.
D. Eating off the same plate.
17. Jessie, a young man with newly diagnosed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (
AIDS) is being discharged from the hospital. The nurse knows that teaching regarding
prevention of AIDS transmission has been effective when the client:
18. Which question is least useful in the assessment of a client with AIDS?
19. Mrs. Parker, a 70-year-old woman with severe macular degeneration, is admitted t
o the hospital the day before scheduled surgery. The nurse’s preoperative goals for M
rs. M. would include:
1. The parents of a child, age 6, who will begin school in the fall ask the nurse for antici
patory guidance. The nurse should explain that a child of this age:
A. Nursery schools
B. Toilet Training
C. Safety guidelines
D. Preparation for surgery
3. Nurse Betina should begin screening for lead poisoning when a child reaches which
age?
A. 6 months
B. 12 months
C. 18 months
D. 24 months
4. When caring for an 11-month-old infant with dehydration and metabolic acidosis, th
e nurse expects to see which of the following?
5. After the nurse provides dietary restrictions to the parents of a child with celiac dise
ase, which statement by the parents indicates effective teaching?
6. A parent brings a toddler, age 19 months, to the clinic for a regular check-up. When
palpating the toddler’s fontanels, what should the nurse expects to find?
7. Patrick, a healthy adolescent has meningitis and is receiving I.V. and oral fluids. The
nurse should monitor this client’s fluid intake because fluid overload may cause:
A. Cerebral edema
B. Dehydration
C. Heart failure
D. Hypovolemic shock
8. An infant is hospitalized for treatment of nonorganic failure to thrive. Which nursing
action is most appropriate for this infant?
9. The mother of Gian, a preschooler with spina bifida tells the nurse that her daughte
r sneezes and gets a rash when playing with brightly colored balloons, and that she re
cently had an allergic reaction after eating kiwifruit and bananas. The nurse would sus
pect that the child may have an allergy to:
A. Bananas
B. Latex
C. Kiwifruit
D. Color dyes
10. Cristina, a mother of a 4-year-old child tells the nurse that her child is a very poor
eater. What’s the nurse’s best recommendation for helping the mother increase her ch
ild’s nutritional intake?
11. Nurse Roy is administering total parental nutrition (TPN) through a peripheral I.V. li
ne to a school-age child. What’s the smallest amount of glucose that’s considered safe
and not caustic to small veins, while also providing adequate TPN?
A. 5% glucose
B. 10% glucose
C. 15% glucose
D. 17% glucose
12. David, age 15 months, is recovering from surgery to remove Wilms’ tumor. Which f
indings best indicates that the child is free from pain?
A. Decreased appetite
B. Increased heart rate
C. Decreased urine output
D. Increased interest in play
13. When planning care for a 8-year-old boy with Down syndrome, the nurse should:
14. Nurse Vincent is teaching the parents of a school-age child. Which teaching topic s
hould take priority?
A. Prevent accidents
B. Keeping a night light on to allay fears
C. Explaining normalcy of fears about body integrity
D. Encouraging the child to dress without help
15. The nurse is finishing her shift on the pediatric unit. Because her shift is ending, whi
ch intervention takes top priority?
16. Nurse Harry is providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a child, age 4. the
nurse should:
17. A 4-month-old with meningococcal meningitis has just been admitted to the pedia
tric unit. Which nursing intervention has the highest priority?
18. Shane tells the nurse that she wants to begin toilet training her 22-month-old child
. The most important factor for the nurse to stress to the mother is:
21. A 10-year-old client contracted severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) when tra
veling abroad with her parents. The nurse knows she must put on personal protective
equipment to protect herself while providing care. Based on the mode of SARS transm
ission, which personal protective should the nurse wear?
A. Gloves
B. Gown and gloves
C. Gown, gloves, and mask
D. Gown, gloves, mask, and eye goggles or eye shield
23. Nurse Oliver s teaching a mother who plans to discontinue breast-feeding after 5
months. The nurse should advise her to include which foods in her infant’s diet?
24. Gracie, the mother of a 3-month-old infant calls the clinic and states that her child
has a diaper rash. What should the nurse advice?
25. Nurse Kelly is teaching the parents of a young child how to handle poisoning. If th
e child ingests poison, what should the parents do first?
26. A child has third-degree burns of the hands, face, and chest. Which nursing diagn
osis takes priority?
A. Ineffective airway clearance related to edema
B. Disturbed body image related to physical appearance
C. Impaired urinary elimination related to fluid loss
D. Risk for infection related to epidermal disruption
27. A 3-year-old child is receiving dextrose 5% in water and half-normal saline solutio
n at 100 ml/hour. Which sign or symptom suggests excessive I.V. fluid intake?
A. Worsening dyspnea
B. Gastric distension
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Temperature of 102°F (38.9° C)
28. Which finding would alert a nurse that a hospitalized 6-year-old child is at risk for
a severe asthma exacerbation?
29. Nurse Mariane is caring for an infant with spina bifida. Which technique is most im
portant in recognizing possible hydrocephalus?
30. An adolescent who sustained a tibia fracture in a motor vehicle accident has a cast
. What should the nurse do to help relieve the itching?
A. Apply cool air under the cast with a blow-dryer
B. Use sterile applicators to scratch the itch
C. Apply cool water under the cast
D. Apply hydrocortisone cream under the cast using sterile applicator.
1. While working in a pediatric clinic, you receive a telephone call from the parent of a
10-year-old who is receiving chemotherapy for leukemia. The client’s sibling has chick
enpox. Which of these actions will you anticipate taking next?
2. Which action will you take to most effectively reduce the incidence of hospital-asso
ciated urinary tract infections?
3. You are caring for a client who has been admitted to the hospital with a leg ulcer th
at is infected with vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Which of these nursing actio
ns can you delegate to an LPN/LVN?
4. You are the pediatric unit charge nurse today and is working with a new RN. Which
action by the new RN requires the most immediate action on your part?
A. The new RN tells the nursing assistant to use an N95 respirator mask when caring f
or a child who has pertussis.
B. The new RN places a child who has chemotherapy-induced neutropenia into a neg
ative-pressure room.
C. The new RN admits a new client with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection to a r
oom with another child who has RSV.
D. The new RN wears goggles to change linens of a client who has diarrhea caused by
C. difficile.
5. A client comes to the outpatient clinic where you work complaining of abdominal p
ain, diarrhea, shortness of breath and epistaxis. Which of the following actions would y
ou take first?
A. Ask the client about any recent travel to Asia or the Middle East.
B. Screening clients for upper respiratory tract symptoms.
C. Determine whether the client has had recommended immunizations.
D. Call an ambulance to take the client immediately to the hospital.
6. A client who has recently traveled to China comes to the emergency department (E
D) with increasing shortness of breath and is strongly suspected of having a severe ac
ute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Which of these prescribed actions will you take first?
7. Four clients with infections arrive at the emergency department with some existing i
nfection, however, only one private room is available. Which of the following client is t
he most appropriate to assign to the private room?
A. A client with toxic shock syndrome and a temperature of 102.4°F (39.1°C).
B. A client with diarrhea caused by C. difficile.
C. A client with a wound infected with VRE.
D. A client with a cough who may have Koch disease.
8. You are caring for four clients who are receiving IV infusions of normal saline. Whic
h client is at highest risk for bloodstream infections?
9. A client who has frequent watery stools and a possible Clostridium difficile infection
is hospitalized with dehydration. Which nursing action should the charge nurse deleg
ated to an LPN/LVN?
A. Explaining the purpose of ordered stool cultures to the client and family.
B. Administering the ordered metronidazole (Flagyl) 500 mg PO to the client.
C. Reviewing the client’s medical history for any risk factors for diarrhea.
D. Performing ongoing assessments to determine the client’s hydration.
10. You are a school nurse. Which action will you take to have the most impact on the
incidence of infectious disease in the school?
12. A hospitalized 88-year-old client who has been receiving antibiotics for 10 days tell
s you that he is having frequent watery stools. Which action will you take first?
13. Which of the following information about a client who has meningococcal meningi
tis has the best indicator that you can discontinue droplet precautions?
14. You are the charge nurse on the pediatric unit when a pediatrician calls wanting to
admit a child with rubeola (measles). Which of these factors is of most concern in det
ermining whether to admit the child to your unit?
15. A client who states that he may have been contaminated by anthrax arrives at the
ED. The following actions are part of the ED protocol for possible anthrax exposure or
infection. Which action will you take first?
16. A client has been diagnosed with disseminated herpes zoster. Which personal prot
ective equipment (PPE) will you need to put on when preparing to assess the client? S
elect all that apply
A. Goggles.
B. Gown.
C. Gloves.
D. Shoe covers.
E. N95 respirator.
F. Surgical face mask.
17. As the infection control nurse in an acute care hospital, which action will you take t
o most effectively reduce the incidence of health-care-associated infections?
A. Screen all newly admitted clients for colonization or infection with MRSA.
B. Develop policies that automatically start antibiotic therapy for clients colonized by
multi-drug resistant organisms.
C. Ensure that dispensers for alcohol-based hand rubs are readily available in all client
care areas of the hospital.
D. Require nursing staff to don gowns to change wound dressings for all clients.
18. You are preparing to leave the room after performing oral suctioning on a client w
ho is on contact and airborne precautions. In which order will you perform the followi
ng actions?
19. You are preparing to change the linens on the bed of a client who has a draining s
acral wound infected by MRSA. Which PPE items will you plan to use. Select all that ap
ply
A. Gloves.
B. N95 respirator.
C. Surgical Mask.
D. Googles.
E. Gown.
20. You are preparing to care for a 6-year-old who has just undergone allogeneic ste
m cell transplantation and will need protective environmental isolation. Which nursing
tasks will you delegate to a nursing assistant? Select all that apply.
A. Posting the precautions for protective isolation o the door of the client’s room.
B. Stocking the client’s room with the needed PPE items.
C. Talking to the family members about the reasons for the isolation.
D. Reminding visitors to wear a respirator mask, gloves, and gown.
E. Teaching the client to perform thorough hand washing after using the bathroom.
21. A 29-year-old client is diagnosed with scarlet fever. Which of the following is the m
ost appropriate type of isolation for this client?
A. Airborne.
B. Contact.
C. Droplet.
D. Standard.
22. A newly admitted client with streptococcal pharyngitis (tonsillitis) has been placed
on droplet precaution. Which of the following statements indicates the best understan
ding for this type of isolation?
A. The client can be placed in a room with another client with measles (rubeola).
B. A special mask (N95) should be worn when working with the client.
C. Must maintain a spatial distance of 3 feet.
D. Gloves should be only worn when giving direct care.
23. Malcolm is a newly assigned as a triage nurse, on his first day of work, the followin
g clients arrive at the ED. Which among the client require the most rapid action to pro
tect other clients in the ED from infection?
A. A travel blogger who needs tuberculosis testing after an exposure to a person with
TB during his trip.
B. An elderly woman who has a history of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureu
s (MRSA) leg wound infection.
C. A pregnant woman with a blister-like rash on the face and is possibly having varicell
a.
D. An infant with a runny nose and whose older brother has pertussis.
24. A client with a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) infection is admitted to th
e medical unit. Which action can be delegated to a nursing assistant who is assisting w
ith the client’s care?
25. Which of the following infection control activity should be delegated to an experie
nced nursing assistant?