2nd Grading Science Reviewer
2nd Grading Science Reviewer
SECOND QUARTER
B. ANIMALS
41. An ADAPTATION is the structure of behaviour that helps an organism or animals survive in its
environment.
42. Animals have body structures that help them adapt to water.
FISHES are covered with scales for protection from diseases and from other animals that live in water.
The scales are smooth and slimy, arranged overlapping from head to tail so as the water slips smoothly
as it moves forward.
SHIRMP and LOBSTERS are covered with outside skeleton or exoskeleton while other animals like
CLAMS and MUSSELS are covered with shells.
43. Fishes have gills for breathing underwater and fins for swimming.
44. Animals have body structures that help them adapt to land. Some animals are covered with FUR to keep
them warm. Others are covered with FEATHERS for flying. Some have smooth skin for breathing like
worms. Body coverings of animals are mostly for protection.
45. Animals have body parts like legs for walking to those animals that live on land and wings for animals that
fly in the air.
46. Land or terrestrial animals or animals that live on land have lungs for breathing. Some animals use their
paws ( cat ), claws ( lions ), mouthparts like beaks ( birds ) and teeth for eating. Other animals use their
sticky tongue ( frogs ), movable jaws ( snake ) and sucking tubes ( proboscis for mosquito ).
47. Animals with the same mouth parts eat the same kind of food. Animals with flat teeth like carabao, horse,
cows eat grass or plants. Animals with sharp pointed teeth like dog, lion, tiger eatmeat and some animals
eat both plants and meat.
48. CAMOUFLAGE – a protective coloration in animals. This adaptation allows some animals to blend with
their surrounding.
49. Other animals imitate the shape, smell, taste, color and even sound of other animals. This behaviour is
called MIMICRY.
50. Most insects secrete chemicals that they use to protect themselves from other animals like squid, wasps
and snake.
51. Other animals protect their own kinds. Monkeys, elephants and penguins travel in groups. They scatter
themselves to look for food but they do not go far from each other and stay in hearing distance only. Then
danger is on place, they group together to protect one another.
52. Animals like turtles, crabs, snails and oysters have protective shell coverings. When they sense danger,
they keep their bodies inside their shells.
53. HABITAT – is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animals,
plants or organism. It is where animals and plants live.
54. Animals that live on land move in different ways. Some animals that live on land walk, hop, run or jump.
Others fly and crawl.
55. Most animals that live in water swim but some aquatic animals have legs too. Crustaceans like shrimps,
crabs and prawns walk because they have legs. Others crawl like those with shell covering.
56. POPULATION – refers to the total number of animals in a particular habitat or community. Animals in their
community depend on the habitat available in that particular community.
57. Some of the habitats of the animals are pond, grassland and sea.
- On grassy land – cows, goats, horses.
- In a pond – ducks, geese, swans, frogs
- In the sea – fishes, crabs
58. The body structure of animals for adaptation play a very important role in choosing animals to raise in a
particular habitat.
59. METAMORPHOSIS is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching.
It is a part of the life cycle of the most insects. The term metamorphosis refers to the way insects develop,
grow and change form accompanied by change of habitat or behaviour.
60. TWO TYPES OF METAMORHOSIS
A. COMPLETE METAMORPOHIS – consist four stages in the life of an insect.
a. Egg – a female insect lay egg.
b. Larva – hatch from egg but do not look like the adult insect. It usually the worm-stage. Sometimes,
this stage is called “ instars”.
c. Pupa- the resting stage of the larvae. In this stage, the larvae is resting inside the cocoon.
d. Adult – after a period of time, the larvae developed fully into an adult insect.
C. PLANTS
64. TERRESTRIAL PLANTS – are plants that grow on land. Some terrestrial plants are small and others are
big. There are plants with big trunks while others have soft stems. Other plants bear flowers and other do
not.
65. Terrestrial plants grow in different places. There are plants that grow directly on the soil while others grow
on rocks. Other plants cling on fences while the most number of plants are found in the fields.
66. Plants living on different places are exposed to varied conditions, however, their structures are suited to
particular needs. Example, forest plant tend to grow tall and sturdy.
67. Shapes and sizes of the leaves are also important for survival. Plants like bananas produce big, broad
leaves to efficiently trap more energy.
68. Plants with waxy leaves help to protect themselves from dehydration as a result of too much exposure to
the sunlight.
69. Some plants also develop structures to store water especially in the desert like cactus and other desert
plants.
70. Roots of the plants adapt themselves too to their habitat. They differ in sizes and shapes too. These
characteristics are determined by their functions.
71. AQUATIC PLANTS are plants that have adapted to living in an aquatic environment or body of water. They
are also referred as HYDROPHYTES. Aquatic plants can only live in water like water lily, water hyacinth
and seaweeds.
72. Characteristics of Aquatic Plant
A thin cuticle. Cuticles primarily discourage water loss, thus, most hydrophytes have no need for
cuticles.
Stomata that are open most of time because water is abundant and therefore there is no need for it to
be retained in the plant. This means that guard cells on the stomata are generally inactive.
An increased number of stomata, that can be on either side of the leaves.
A less rigid structure, water pressure supports them.
Flat leaves on surface plants for flotation.
Air sacs for flotation.
Smaller roots. Water can diffuse directly into leaves.
Feathery roots. No need to support plant.
Specialized roots able to take in oxygen.
73. Specialized structures are important to plants in order to adapt to their environment. THORNS and HAIRS
are examples of specialized structures among some plants. The water lily have thick and buoyant leaves
while lotus leaves are flat and broad. Water lilies have wide flat leaves that help distribute weight over a
large area thus helping them float. The water hyacinth have long roots so that they can reach the soil under
the water.
Examples:
Marang / durian – fruits with pungent odor.
Kalumpang tree – noted for unpleasant smell of flowers yet attract flies to pollinate.
Bird of Paradise- has a cuticle that filter strong light and guards against excessive water loss.
Talahib / cogon – have sharp leaves that can cause skin harm or irritation.
Pineapple- has spines on their leaves.
Cactus – has fleshy stem to conserve water for a long time.
Citrus plants – their leaves abd fruits have strong smelling oils that have unpleasant taste.
74. SEEDS are classified into MONOCOTYLEDON or MONOCOT SEEDS and DICOTYLEDON or DICOT
SEEDS. Monocot are seeds having one cotyledon only like in palay, corn and coconut. Dicot seeds are
seeds having two cotyledons like in santoland sampaloc.
75. PARTS OF THE SEEDS
Seed coat – outer covering of the seed. It protects the seed from injuries, harm and from drying up.
Cotyledon – the off white and the biggest part of the seed. It provides nourishment or food for the
young plant inside the seeds.
Embryo – the young plant or immature plant found inside the seed. It develops into a plant.
76. GERMINATION – is the process in which the embryo or baby plant gets energy from the stored food in the
seed and start to grow. It is the first stage in the growth of a young plant.
77. The factors that affect seed germination are water, temperature or warmth, presence of sunlight and air.
Water is needed to activate the enzymes or chemicals that supplies energy for the embryo to grow
D. ECOSYSTEM
78. Living things constantly interact with their environment. Each kind of environment is made up of
BIOTIC ( living things ) and ABIOTIC ( non-living things ) component and interact and depend on one
another in different ways. The many relationships and interactions of living things with each other and with
their environment are studied in a branch of Science called Ecology.
79. Such interactions among living things and their environment enable them to live in units called
ecosystems. An ECOSYSTEM is consist of all living and non-living things in a given area that interact with
one another. An ECOSYSTEM is the largest and the most complex level of organization which consists of
all plants, animals and microorganisms which functions with all the environmental factors such as sunlight,
climate, soil, water, air, space, nutrients, temperature and energy.
80. There are SIX ELEMENTS that keep the ecosystem going. These are the SUN, PRODUCERS, ABIOTIC
SUBSTANCES, PRIMARY CONSUMERS, SECONDARY CONSUMERS and DECOMPOSERS.
81. There are interactions where both species benefit from the relationship and there are also interactions
where one species benefit but the other is neither affected nor harmed. These interactions are beneficial or
important for survival.
82. MUTUALISM is the type of interaction where both species benefit from the relationship. Example: butterfly
and flower.
83. COMMENSALISM is the type of interaction where one organism benefits while the other is not harmed or
not affected. Example: plants and fish in an aquarium
84. PREDATION is the type of interaction where one benefits while the other one is harmed or badly affected.
The one that usually benefit is called the PREDATOR and the one that is harmed is called PREY. This type
of interaction is also called PREDATOR – PREY RELATIONSHIP. Example: birds and worms
85. The sizes of predator and prey population are related to each other. If the number of prey is large, the
number of predators increases. As predators feed upon the prey, the number of prey begin to decrease.
86. PARASITISM is an interaction where the organism that usually benefit are called PARASITE and the one
that is affected is called HOST. The parasite could be internal or external parasites. The INTERNAL
PARASITES are those found inside the body of a host like the ascaris in the human stomach. The
EXTERNAL PARASITE is found outside the body of the host like the aphids in a plant and a tick in a dog’s
body. The parasite must live in a living host and can cause harm or may kill the host.
87. COMPETITION is a harmful type of interaction. It is the striving or vying between organisms for the things
needed for survival. The interaction between the buffalo and the lion is a competition.
23. How are frogs, snakes and grasshoppers protected from their prey?
A. They play dead. C. They mimic the shape, smell and sound of their prey.
B. They blend color with their environment. D. They secrete a poisonous substance.
24. Which of these animals have mouth part used for sucking?
A. Mosquito B. carabao C. snake D. dog
25. Which of the following shows protecting animal’s habitat?
I. Destroy animal’s habitat. A. I,II,III C. I,IV, V
II. Provides shelter to pet animals. B. II,III, IV D. III, IV, V
III. Disturb the animals in their habitat.
IV. Leave animal habitat as they are.
V. Maintain animals’ habitat clean.
26. What will happen if animals are removed from their natural habitat? They will ____________.
A. die B. increase in numbers. C. not be affected D. have another body part for adaptation.
27. Animals used their legs to move from place to place. How do cows, carabaos and horses use their hooves?
A. To keep them warm. C. for chewing grass and leaves
B. Help them move in the water. D. help them walk even in hard rocks.
28. Birds and fowls differ in beaks and bills. Why?
A. Due to birth. C. depending on their size.
B. Depending on the food they eat. D. depending on the kind of their feathers.
29. Can all birds fly high?
A. Yes, they have wings. C. No, others have no wings but they are also birds.
B. Yes,they stay in the air all the time. D.No,they have wings, but most of them mostly stay on the ground.
30. Why can fish live in water?
I. They have mouth that can drink much water. A. I and II C. II and III
II. They have tail that help them swim. B. II nad IV D. I and IV
III. They can open their eyes under the water.
IV. They have gills that help them breath in the water.
31. Why is the snake covered with dry scale?
A. It helps them to swim. C. It helps them to become beautiful.
B. It allows fast evaporation. D. It prevents to fast evaporation of the water from its body.
32. Why does a bear in a cold country has thicker fur than the bears living in warm places?
A. Thick fur keeps animals warm. C. Thick fur makes animal strong.
B. Thick fur makes animal cool. D. Thick fur makes animal beautiful.
33. Which of the following group of animals move in the same way?
A. Dog,fish, frog B. snakes, duck, worm C. fish,turtle, monkey D. bird,butterfly,mosquito
34. Which of the following animal feet enable them to swim?
A. B. C. D.
35. An animal has big hind legs. Which of the following movement can it do?
A. Flying B. hopping C. running D. walking
36. How does ostrich protect itself from enemies?
A. It runs fast. B. It flies. C. It hides himself in a shell. D. It has horn for fighting.
37. MangTino lives along the seashore. He is planning to put up business. Which of the following may he do?
A. Piggery B. poultry C. fishery D. cattle raising
38. Why do eagles can live in high places? Because of their _______________.
A. Claws B. eyes C. feathers D. wings
39. Some plants possesses special structures and characteristics which they use for defense., survival and
food getting. Which of the following plants have thorns so that animals cannot touch and eat them?
A. Mayana and Sta. Ana B.Little Angel and RosalC.Kamuning and GumamelaD.Bougainvilla and Rose
40. One morning, my younger sister water her plants. Among her plants, she noticed that gabi leaves has
more water on its top or what we call the morning dew. How do you call the protective structure that prevent
damage of the inner part of this plant?
A. Thorns B. waxy stem C. waxy leaves D. bad taste
41. MangErning is a farmer. Last month, he planted his field with sugar cane and corn. Every weekend, he
visits his plants to remove weeds. He also cultivate the soil by means of plow. He uses shirts with long
sleeves so that his skin won’t brushes against the leaves of his plants. How do these plants protect
themselves from enemies?
A. Their leaves have hair-like structures. C. Bad smell.
B. Their leaves taste better. D. their leaves have thorns.
42. Isabel went to her garden. This garden was full of flowering plants. She enjoyed looking at them. She
wonders why roses and bougainvillea plants were not planted inside the fence. What structures protect
from predators?
A. Their stems have thorns that protect them. C. They have sharp leaf blades.
B. They have unpleasant smell. D. their leaves are poisonous.
43. Some plants like cacti and other plant in the desert can grow in dry places for a long period of time. They
can withstand the heat of the sun. What structure helps them survive in this environment?
A. They have thick bark. C. They have fine hair.
B. They have sharp leaf edge. D. They possess thick and fleshy stems that prevent loss of water.
44. Mangrove seeds germinate while attached to the tree. How does this help in a muddy habitat?
A. The germinating seeds grow leaves before dropping to the ground.
B. The seeds are not easily seen by feeding animals.
C. The seeds float in the water and grow in a distant place.
D. When the seeds drop, they easily take root.
45. What characteristics make the water hyacinth float?
A. Lightweight of the plant. C. Bulbous stem filled with water.
B. Spreading feathery root system. D. light rounded waxy leaves.
46. Why can a mangrove tree withstand with strong waves and shifting sand along seacoast?
A. Its spreading branches easily bend with the wind. C. It has a strong main trunk.
B. It has spreading roots arising from the trunk. D. Its branches and bark are covered by thick bark.
47. Last week, my friend received a gift from her father. It was a big-mouth clear jar with a plant floating on it.
What do you think is the plant inside the jar? A. orchids B. water lily C. rosal D. onion
48. Why grazing animals don’t feed on cogon and talahib grass?
A. Those plant have offensive odor. C. Those plants are poisonous.
B. Those plants have razor-sharp leaf blades. D. those plants have thorns.
49. Which characteristic describe a shrub that makes it different from herbs?
A. Having a woody hard stem. C. having many leaves.
B. Having seeds in the fruit. D. Those plants have thorns.
50. If plants are placed in a dark room for a long time, they cannot stay alive. Why?
A. Because they cannot make their own food without the help of sunlight. C. Because of lack of soil.
B. Because of lack of water. D. Because of insufficient amount of air.
51. Which of the following is an example of a terrestrial plant.
A. Talahib B. Duckweeds C. Algae D. sea lettuce
52. What characteristic of the cactus plant help it to revive in the desert?
A. It has no leaves through which water escapes to the atmosphere. C. A only.
B. It has spines that protect it from the enemies. D. A and B
53. Enclose a leafy stem in the plastic bag. Tie the opening of the plastic with rubber band. What do you
observed?
A. Water droplets are formed inside the plastic bag. C. The leaves turned yellow.
B. Smoke is formed inside the plastic bag. D. The stem and leaves produce flowers.
54. Which of the following is a function of root?
A. It anchors the plant to the ground. C. It produces seeds.
B. It makes food through photosynthesis. D. It supports the leaves.
55. Bulbs are underground stem that store food. Which of the following plants grow by bulbs?
A. Onions B. Potato C. Radish D. Ginger
56. What do you call the spines and thorns of the plants which they use to protect themselves from danger?
A. Enemies of the plant. B. Adaptive structure. C. Plant disease. D. Camouflage
57. Plants have many parts. Each plant organ has a particular use or functions. Which of the following best
describe the functions of leaves?
A. They transport substances in all parts of the plant.
B. They absorb nutrients and water in the soil.
C. They absorb energy from the sun and carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis.
D. They produce fruit with seeds in them.
58. There are different people who work with plants. What do you call to those who have knowledge of the
varieties of plants in ornamental gardening and landscaping?
A. Bryologist B. Herbalist C. Horticulturist D. Pomologist
59. The caterpillar transform into adult called ____________.
A. Pupa B. larvae C. butterfly D. eggs
60. The first stage of complete metamorphosis is ________. A. egg B. pupa C. larvae D. nymp
61. Animal with 4 stages in its life cycle is called _____________ metamorphosis.
A. Complete B. Incomplete C. New Born D. Lifeless
62. The second stage of metamorphosis is called ________. A. egg B. larva C. pupa D adult
63. Which of the following is not needed by plant?
A. Soil B. water C. sunlight D. plastic
64. What is the young plant found inside the seed? A. cotyledon B. seed coat C. embryo D. none
65. How many cotyledons does a monocot plant have? A. one B. two C. three D. none
66. The third stage in complete metamorphosis is called _____. A. pupa B. egg C. adult D. none
67. How many stages are present in an incomplete metamorphosis? A. two B. one C. three D. four
68. ________ is a kind of interaction in which both organism benefit from each other?
A. Commensalism B. competition C. mutualism D. parasitism
69. A kind of interaction wherein one organism kills smaller organism for food.
A. Predation B. parasitism C. mutualism D. competition
70. An interaction among organisms where one benefits while the other is not benefited or harmed.
A. Parasitism B. mutualism C. competition D. commensalism
71. A symbolic relationship where one organism depends on the host for food, protection and reproduction.
A. Competition B. Mutualism C. Parasitism D. Predation
72. An interaction where two organisms compete for survival.
A. Predation B. Parasitism C. Mutualism D. Competition
73. What is the study of the interaction of living things with one another and with its environment?
A. Community B. Ecology C. Ecosystem D. Population
74. Which of the following illustrations best represent the ecosystem?
A. ECOSYSTEM C. ECOSYSTEM
B. ECOSYSTEM D. ECOSYSTEM