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Allen Thermodynamics
Allen Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
Lecture 8
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Example When one mole of an ideal gas is compressed to half of its initial volume and
simultaneously heated to twice its initial temperature, the change in entropy is
(a) CV ln 2 (b) Cp ln 2
(c) R ln 2 (d) (CV − R) ln 2
Example The entropy change can be calculated by using the expression S = Q rev/T. When
water freezes in a glass beaker, choose the correct statement amongst the
following.
(a) ΔS (system) decrease but ΔS (surroundings) remains the same.
(b) ΔS (system) increase but ΔS (surroundings) decreases.
(c) ΔS (system) decrease but ΔS (surroundings) increases.
(d) ΔS (system) decrease and ΔS (surroundings) also decreases.
Example The entropy (S°) of the following substances is:
CH4(g) 186.2 J K−1 mol−1; O2(g) 205.0 J K−1 mol−1;
CO2(g) 213.6 J K−1 mol−1; H2O(l) 69.9 J K−1 mol−1
The entropy change (ΔS°) for the reaction: CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ⟶ CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) is
(a) +100 eu
(b) +60 eu
(c) −100 eu
(d) −60 eu (IIT-JEE 2006)
Example Statement 1: There is a natural asymmetry between converting work to heat and
converting heat to work.
Statement 2: No process is possible in which the sole result is the absorption of
heat from a reservoir and its complete conversion into work.
The Third Law allows us to define absolute entropies of substances and to define
the standard entropy of a reaction.
“The entropy of perfect crystals of all pure elements & compounds is zero at the
absolute zero of temperature.”
Thus absolute value of entropy (unlike the absolute value of enthalpy) for any
pure substance can be calculated at any given temperature . In standard state
(298 K, 1 atm), it is standard absolute entropy Sº .
Gibbs Energy and Spontaneity
A system parameter to predict the spontaneity of chemical reaction was introduced
by Gibbs so that entropy calculation for the surrounding need not be carried out.
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