Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Enhancement Activity 135: Grade 10
Enhancement Activity 135: Grade 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Introduction...…………………………………………………………. 4
Content Standard and Performance Standard………………… 5
Objectives………………………………………………………….. 5
Program Requirements…………………………………………… 5
Learning Episodes………………………………………………… 6
How to Use the Module…………………………………………… 7
Diagnostic Assessment……………………………………………… 8
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)……………….. 13
Environment and Market (EM)……………………………………… 27
Introduction
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one nomenclature in the
implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program (BEP). It is composed of
four components, namely, Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics, Industrial Arts and
3
LM-Cookery Grade 10
The world of work today presents a picture of available jobs that are getting
scarcer each year. To address this reality, the Department of Education is stretching
its available resources, prioritizing needs, and developing sustainable programs to
lead and to prepare the young minds as future skillful chef or any related job. The
department further believes that it is in honing the skills that the learner can have an
edge over other job seekers. DepEd endeavors to equip the learners with the
appropriate knowledge, attitudes, values and skills necessary to become productive
citizen of our society.
Content Standard
Performance Standard
4
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Objectives
Learners are expected to become proficient in performing skills on the
following competencies:
1. develop personal entrepreneurial skills;
2. prepare egg dishes;
3. prepare cereals and starch dishes;
4. prepare vegetables dishes;
5. prepare and cook seafood dishes;
6. prepare stocks, sauces and soups;
7. prepare poultry and game dishes; and
8. prepare and cook meat.
Program Requirements
Grade 10 students who will take Cookery course as their specialization in
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) – Home Economics should have
successfully taken the exploratory course in Commercial Cooking in Grade 7/8 and
have successfully completed the competencies indicated in Grade 9.
This learner’s material should be taken for one school year for a total of 160
hours. Lessons should be taken one at a time, following the correct sequence being
presented and should accomplish the assessment or enhancement activities before
proceeding to the next lesson.
Along the learning process, learners of this course are required to complete
the 25-hour industry involvement to different food services to experience the actual
workplace.
5
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Learning Episodes
This learner’s material is subdivided into four (4) quarters which may serve as
the recommended scope and limit for every academic grading period. In every
quarter there are lessons that comprise the learning outcomes.
Enjoy using this learner’s material as your guide to become a successful chef
in the future.
6
LM-Cookery Grade 10
and identifies the areas you ought to learn more. Your teacher will check and
analyze your score to determine your learning needs.
2. This learner’s material contains relevant information and activities. Go over each
activity carefully. If you encounter difficulties, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher for assistance. Do not skip any topic unless you are told to do so.
REMEMBER that each activity is a preparation for the succeeding activities.
3. For every lesson/learning outcomes, perform the enhancement activities to
enrich the knowledge and skills.
4. After successfully finished the tasks, answer the post-test to be given by your
teacher. Your score will be analyzed and will be used by your teacher for the
computation of your grades.
5. Lastly, DO NOT marks the learner’s material in any way.
Diagnostic Assessment
A. Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter
that best describes the statement. Write your answer on your test
notebook.
1. Which of the following is the right step by step procedures in manual dishwashing.
A. Drain and air-dry, scrape and pre-rinse, rinse, sanitize, and wash dishes.
B. Rinse, scrape and pre-rinse, wash, drain, air-dry and sanitize dishes
C. Scrape and pre-rinse, rinse, wash, sanitize, drain and air-dry dishes
7
LM-Cookery Grade 10
D. Scrape and pre-rinse, wash, rinse, sanitize, drain and air-dry dishes
2. Which of the following parts of an egg is produced by the oviduct and consist of
four alternating layers of thick and thin consistencies.
A. Air cell C. Chalaza
B. Albumen D. Yolk
3. Which of the following vitamins is found in eggs?
A. B1 C. D
B. C D. K
4. The appearance of egg is important for consumer appeal. ON what basis are
shells evaluated?
A. cleanliness, shape, texture and soundness
B. grade, texture, cleanliness, shape
C. shape, texture, cleanliness and size
D. texture, soundness, size and cleanliness
5. Which of the following market forms of eggs is seldom used in cooking.
A. Dried egg C. Frozen egg
B. Fresh egg D. Shelled egg
6. Which of the following raises coagulation temperature producing softer, weaker
gel when added to egg used in culinary.
A. Alkali C. Sugar
B. Salt D. Vinegar
7. Which kind of egg dish is prepared by slipping shelled eggs into barely simmering
water and gently cooking until the egg holds its shape?
A. Fried egg C. Scrambled egg
B. Poached egg D. Soft-boiled egg
8
LM-Cookery Grade 10
12. Which of the following is suggested if you will hold pasta for a short time for later
service?
A. Cook pasta ahead of time and chill
B. Drain and add sauce
C. Drain, toss with a small amount of oil, cover and hold in warmer
D. Undercook slightly the pasta
13. Which is the process of making a new product to be sold to the customers?
A. Product Analysis C. Product Development
B. Product Conceptualization D. Product Implementation
14. This is a meaningful and unforgettable statement that captures the essence of
your brand.
A. Branding C. Tagline
B. Product Naming D. Unique Selling Proposition
15. What managerial tool is used to assess the environment to gather important
information for strategic planning?
A. Environmental Scanning C. Survey Analysis
B. SWOT Analysis D.WOTS Analysis
18. What part of the meat helps you identify the less tender cuts?
A. Bone C. Flesh
B. Fat D. Ligament
19. What part of the meat has the greatest amount of quality protein?
A. Bone C. Flesh
B. Fat D. Ligament
20. Which of the following meat cuts requires long and slow cooking temperature?
A. Less tender C. Tender
B. Slightly tough D. Tough
21. Which of the following is a long – bladed hatchet or a heavy knife used by a
butcher?
A. Butchers knife C. Cleaver knife
B. Chopper knife D. Set of slicing knife
22. Which of the cooking methods does not belong to dry heat method?
A. Baking C. Roasting
B. Broiling D. Stewing
23. What do you call to the cooking method when meat is cooked in steaming liquid
in which bubbles are breaking on the surface.
9
LM-Cookery Grade 10
A. Boiling C. Roasting
B. Broiling D. Stewing
24. Which is an oil-acid mixture used to enhance the flavor of meat.
A. Brine solution C. Soy sauce and vinegar
B. Marinade D. Salt and calamansi
25. Which of the following tools is used for carving?
A. Cleaver knife C. Slicer
B. Fork D. Razor knife
26. To which meat cut do internal organs belong?
A. Less tender cuts C. Tough cuts
B. Tender cuts D. Variety cuts
27. Where should meat products be stored?
A. Crisper C. Dry shelf
B. Cold shelf D. Freezer
28. Which of the following is the tenderest cut of beef?
A. Chunk C. Sirloin
B. Round cut D. Tenderloin
29. Which will you consider first when buying meats?
A. Brand C. Quality
B. Price D. Round cut
30. What is your primary consideration when storing goods?
A. Expiration date C. Quantity
B. Fragility D. Size
31. What do ou call to young immature pigeon of either sex with extra tender meat?
A. Duck C. Rooster
B. Fryer D. Squab
32. To what part of poultry does breast meat belong?
A. Dark meat C. Variety meat
B. Tough meat D. White meat
33. Which of the following characteristics is a good quality of a live poultry?
A. Free from pin feathers and shows no cuts
B. Eyes are clear
C.Is heavy and the skin is watery
D.Thighs are well-developed
34. What do you call to a young chicken that is usually 9 to 12 weeks of?
A. Fryer C. Roaster
B. Hen D. Stag
35. How many days should a whole chicken be refrigerated?
A. 1 day C. 2 to 4 days
B. 1 to 2 days D. 3 to 4 days
36. How do you classify the fleshy part of chicken like breast?
A. Entrails C. Viscera
B. Dark meat D. White meat
37. What cookery method is used for a matured poultry?
10
LM-Cookery Grade 10
A. Boiling C. Roasting
B. Frying D. Stewing
38. What cookery method is suitable for the less tender cuts?
A. Boiling C. Roasting
B. Frying D. Stewing
39. What is the best cooking temperature for poultry?
A. High temperature C. Low to moderate temperature
B. Low temperature D. Moderate temperature
40. What factor affects the poultry meat’s tenderness and juiciness?
A. Age C. Cuts
B. Cookery D. Sex
41. What is the flavor component of vegetables which gives strong flavor and odor to
some vegetables like onions, leeks, garlic, chives, cabbage, and broccoli?
A. Flavonoids C. Sugar
C. Glutamic acid D. Sulfur compounds
42. What is a way of cooking by placing blanched or raw vegetables in the pan,
adding liquid (stock, water, wine) then covering and cooking it slowly.
A. Boiling C. Braising
B. Baking D. Sautéing
11
LM-Cookery Grade 10
48. Which of the following seafood is cooked just enough to heat to keep juicy and
plump?
A. Fat fish C. Flat fish
B. lean fish D. Shellfish
49. Which of the following is a cooking method suited to fat fish?
A. Baking C. Deep -frying
B. Boiling D. Sautéing
50. What is used to baste lean fish to help prevent them from drying up.
A. Butter C. Soy sauce
B. Cream D. Tomato sauce
In this module, you will learn more about entrepreneurship and the
entrepreneurial competencies related to Cookery. You will have a first-hand
experience in educational activities leading to personal assessment of your
entrepreneurial competencies and assessment of entrepreneurial competencies of a
successful chef within your area. You will also have some activities that will align
your competencies those of successful practitioners. Moreover, this module will
12
LM-Cookery Grade 10
stimulate your mind to think about entrepreneurship and its role in the business
community, as well as in the economic and social development.
To start with this module, let us first understand entrepreneurs and
entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurs are people with skills and capabilities to see and evaluate
business opportunities. They are individuals that can strategically identify products
or services needed by the community and they have the capacity to deliver these at
the right time and at the right place.
Entrepreneurs are agents of economic change; they organize, manage and
assume risks of a business. Some of the good qualities of an entrepreneur are
opportunity seeker, risk taker, goal setter, excellent planner, a confident problem
solver, hardworking, persistent, and a committed worker.
To begin with, let us first try to find out the competencies you will master as
you finish this module.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
Now that you have an idea about the knowledge and skill that you will
develop and master, take the first challenge in this module – the pre-
assessment.
13
LM-Cookery Grade 10
PRE-ASSESSMENT
As part of your initial activity, you will be challenged to dig deeper on your
knowledge and previous experiences on the topic. Try to diagnose or assess what
you already know about PECs by answering Task 1.
Task 1: Matching Type
Direction: Match the entrepreneurial competencies in column A with their
meaning in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before each number.
A B
____1. Creative A. make a wise decision towards the set
objectives
____2. Profit-oriented B. strategic thinking and setting of goals
____3. Discipline C. trust in one’s ability
____4. Decision Making D. adoptable to change
____5. People Skill E. innovative to have edge over other
competitors
____6. Planner F. solid dedication
____7. Self-confidence G. skillful in record keeping
____8. Hardworking H. always stick to the plan
____9. Ability to accept change I. working diligently
____10. Committed J effective and efficient communication
and relation to people
K. always looking for income
Direction: The following are guide questions which encapsulate the entire module.
Write your answers on your assignment notebook, and then share these to the
class.
B. What entrepreneurial activities do you know and capable of doing which are
related to Cookery?
C. Given the opportunity to own a business that relates with Cookery are you
confident to manage it? Explain your answer.
D. What do you think are the most important competencies you must possess in
order to be successful in running your chosen business?
After answering all the guide questions to the best of your knowledge and
skills, share those with your classmates. You too, may compare your insights,
personal knowledge, and relevant experiences on the topic to make it more
exciting and engaging.
After setting your own personal goals and targets in achieving the objectives of
this module, check your inherent knowledge of PECs. Answer the following guide
questions with the help of your classmates.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
2. Are there other strategies or approaches where you can assess your PECs?
Explain how those strategies will become more useful in selecting a viable
business venture.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
3. What are the desirable personal characteristics, attributes, lifestyles, skills and
traits of a prospective entrepreneur? Why are these important?
16
LM-Cookery Grade 10
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
How was your experience in answering the guide questions with your
classmates? Were you able to benefit from them? What were the insights you have
realized?
This time you’re going to study the different topics that will enrich your
knowledge of PECs. Read carefully all the important details about the succeeding
topic.
17
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Has the Initiative: An entrepreneur takes the initiative. You must put
yourself in a position where you are responsible for the failure or success
of your business.
18
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Process
In order to firm up what you have learned and to have a better appreciation of
the different entrepreneurial competencies, read the PECs checklist presented
below, then answer the same.
19
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Hardworking
- Working diligently
Self-confidence
- Confidence in one’s ability
Discipline
- Always stick to the plan
Committed
- Solid dedication
Ability to accept changes
- Adoptable to change
Creative
- Innovative to have edge over other
competitors
Profit-oriented
- Always looking for income
20
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Planner
- Strategic thinking and setting of goals
People Skill
- effective and efficient communication
and relation to people
Decision Making
- make a wise decision towards the set
objectives
TOTAL
Interpretation or Insights:
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
___________________.
How was your experience in discovering your strengths and the areas to be
developed? Did you gain valuable experience in exchanging insights with your
classmates? To learn more and deepen your understanding of PECs, do Task 5
below.
Task 5: Interview
21
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. What are your preparations before you engaged in this type of business or
job?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
2. What are your special skills and characteristics that are related with your
business or job?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
3. How did you solve business-related problems during the early years of your
business operation?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
4. Did you follow the tips from a successful businessman or practitioner before
you engage in your business?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
5. What are your best business practices that you can share with aspiring
students?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
6. What are the salient characteristics, attributes, lifestyle, skills and traits that
made you successful in your business or job?
22
LM-Cookery Grade 10
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
Note: Cull the needed information from the interview to supply answer/s to
Row 1 in the table below. Meanwhile, fill out the second row with your PECs.
Personal
Entrepreneurial Characteristics Attributes Lifestyles Skills Traits
Competencies
Successful
Entrepreneur in
the place
My PECs
Using the information on the table above, analyze and reflect on the
similarities and differences in your answers. Put your reflection on the table
below. Write your conclusion on the space provided.
Personal
Entrepreneurial Similarities Differences
Competencies
Characteristics
Attributes
Lifestyles
Skills
Traits
23
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Conclusion:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________.
After performing the activities on the importance of PECs, let’s determine how
much you have learned. Perform Task 6 to determine how well you have understood
the lesson.
Task 6: Preparation of a Plan of Action
Directions: Using the table below and the information generated from Task 5
(Interview), prepare an action plan that indicates how you would
align your PECs to the PECs of a successful entrepreneur in
Cookery in your place.
Time Expected
Objective Area Activitie Strategie
Frame Outcome
s s
To align my
PECs with Characteristic
the PECs of s
a successful
entrepreneu
r in
Cookery.
Skills
Attribute
24
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Traits
1. Why is there a need to compare and align one’s PECs with the PECs of a
successful entrepreneur?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________.
2. How does your action plan help sustain your strong PECs and/or address
your development areas?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________.
3. What plan of action would you prepare to address your development areas?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
25
LM-Cookery Grade 10
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________.
Module 2
Environment and Market
Introduction
People who aspire to start a business need to explore the economic, cultural
and social conditions prevailing in an area. Needs and wants of the people in a
certain area that are not met may be considered as business opportunities.
Identifying the needs of the community, its resources, available raw materials, skills,
and appropriate technology can help a new entrepreneur in seizing a business
opportunity.
expand and make more profits. Constraints, on the other hand, are that factor that
limit the business to grow, hence reduces the chance of generating profit. One of the
best ways to evaluate the opportunities and constraints is to conduct SWOT
(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) Analysis.
Now that you have read some important considerations to look into to be
successful in any business, you are now ready to explore more about the
environment and market.
To begin with, let’s find out the competencies that you will master as you
finish this module.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
Now that you have an idea about the things you will learn, take the first
challenge in this module – the pre-assessment.
27
LM-Cookery Grade 10
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Task 1: Multiple-Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
28
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Directions: Read and study the guide questions below. Use a separate
sheet of paper to write your answer.
5. How can one effectively respond to the needs of the target customer?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
6. Express from the viewpoint of business owner the importance of scanning the
environment and market in generating business ideas.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
After all the guide questions have been answered and skills have been
mastered, share those with your classmates. Discuss your insights, personal
knowledge, and relevant experiences on the topic to make it more exciting and
engaging.
30
LM-Cookery Grade 10
After reading and understanding the objectives of this module and having
gone through the pre-assessment and guide questions, you will be asked to set your
own personal goals. These goals will trigger you to further achieve the ultimate
objective of this module. In the end, these goals will motivate you to learn more
about Environment and Market.
After setting your own personal goals and targets in achieving the objectives of
this module, you will have the opportunity to read and learn more about environment
and market. You will also be given a chance to do practical exercises and activities
to deepen your understanding of the topic.
Know
Product Development
There are basic, yet vital questions that you can ask yourself about product
development. When you find acceptable answers to these, you may now say that
you are ready to develop a product and/or render services:
1. For whom are the product services aimed at?
Likewise, needs and wants of the people within an area should also be taken
into big consideration. Everyone has his/her own needs and wants. However,
everyone has different concepts of needs and wants. Needs in business are
important things that every individual cannot live without in a society. These include:
1. basic commodities for consumption;
4. education.
Basic needs are essential to an individual to live with dignity and pride in a
community. These needs can obviously help you generate business ideas and
subsequently to product development.
Wants are desires, luxury and extravagance that signify wealth and expensive
way of living. Wants or desires are considered above all the basic necessities of life.
Some examples of wants or desires: fashion accessories, expensive shoes and
clothes, travelling around the world, eating in an expensive restaurant; watching
movies, concerts, having luxurious cars, wearing expensive jewelries, perfume,
living in impressive homes, among others.
Needs and wants of people are the basic indicators of the kind of business
that you may engage into because it can serve as the measure of your success.
Some other good points that might be considered in business undertakings are the
kind of people, their needs, wants, lifestyle, culture and tradition, and social
orientation that they belong to.
To summarize, product development entirely depends on the needs and
wants of the customers. Another important issue to deal with is the key concepts of
developing a product. The succeeding topic will enlighten you about the procedure in
coming up with a product.
Plan
Remaining
Developm
Analyze Perform ent
Competitive Economic Project
Products Analysis
Concept
Development
33
LM-Cookery Grade 10
34
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Finding Value
The value that you incorporate to your product is called value proposition.
Value proposition is “a believable collection of the most persuasive reasons people
should notice you and take the action you’re asking for.” Value is created by fulfilling
deep desires and solving deep problems. This is what gets people moving, what
people getsspending for your product or service.
Innovation
Innovation is the introduction of something new in your product or service.
This may be a new idea, a new method or a device. If you want to increase your
sales and profit, you must innovate. Some of the possible innovations in your
products are change of packaging, improve taste, color, size, shape and perhaps
price. Some of the possible innovations in providing services are application of new
improved methods, additional featured services and possibly freebees.
35
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Here's how to discover your USP and use it to increase your sales and profit:
Use empathy: Put yourself in the shoes of your customers. Always focus on
the needs of the target customers and forget falling in love with your own
product or service. Always remember, you are making this product or
providing for the target customers to eventually increase sales and earn profit
and not making this product or service for you. Essential question such as
what could make them come back again and ignore competition should be
asked to oneself. Most possible answers may be focused on quality,
availability, convenience, cleanliness, and reliability of the product or service.
Discover the actual and genuine reasons why customers buy your product
instead of a competitor's. Information is very important in decision making. A
competitive entrepreneur always improve this products or services to provide
satisfaction and of course retention of customers. As your business grows,
you should always consider the process of asking your customers important
information and questions that you can use to improve your product or
service.
36
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Process
Task 3: Interview
Directions: Select a successful entrepreneur or practitioner. Conduct an interview
using the set of questions below. Document the interview and present
this to the class.
37
LM-Cookery Grade 10
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
4. Did you consult somebody before you engage in this business? Cite sample
insights that you gained from the consultation.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
5. What were your preparations before you started the actual business?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
6. What creative and innovative techniques did you adopt to your product or
service? What was the effect of the innovative techniques to the sales and
profits of your business?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
7. What strategy did you consider to have a unique selling proposition to your
product or service?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
38
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Transfer
Direction: Using the space and figures below, develop your own concept for your
product or service. Utilize bullets in every stage of product conceptualization in
listing important key ideas.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
1. Identify
Customers Need
7. Prepare a - 2. Target
Development Plan Specifications
-
- -
- -
- -
- 39 -
- -
LM-Cookery Grade 10
KnowKnow
1. Examine existing goods and services. Are you satisfied with the product? What
do other people who use the product say about it? How can it be improved?
There are many ways of improving a product from the way it is made to the way it
is packed and sold. You can also improve the materials used in crafting the
product. In addition, you can introduce new ways of using the product, making it
more useful and adaptable to the customers’ many needs. When you are
improving the product or enhancing it, you are doing an innovation. You can also
do an invention by introducing an entirely new product to replace the old one.
Business ideas may also be generated by examining what goods and services
are sold outside of the community. Very often, these products are sold in a form
that can still be enhanced or improved.
2. Examine the present and future needs. Look and listen to what the customers,
institutions, and communities are missing in terms of goods and services.
Sometimes, these needs are already obvious and felt at the moment. Other
needs are not that obvious because they can only be felt in the future, in the
40
LM-Cookery Grade 10
event of certain developments in the community. For example, an area will have
its electrification facility in the next six months. Only by that time will the
entrepreneur could think of electrically-powered or generated business such as
photo copier, computer service, digital printing, etc.
3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied. Needs for the products and services
are referred to as market demand. To satisfy these needs is to supply the
products and services that meet the demands of the market. The term market
refers to whoever will use or buy the products or services, and these may be
people or institutions such as other businesses, establishments, organizations, or
government agencies.
4. Examine the available resources around you. Observe what materials or skills
are available in abundance in your area. A business can be started out of
available raw materials by selling them in raw form and by processing and
manufacturing them into finished products. For example, in a copra-producing
town, there will be many coconut husks and shells available as “waste” products.
These can be collected and made into coco rags or doormat and charcoal bricks
and sold profitably outside the community.
A group of people in your neighborhood may have some special skills that can be
harnessed for business. For example, women in the Mountain Province possess
loom weaving skills that have been passed on from one generation to another.
Some communities there set up weaving businesses to produce blankets,
decorative and various souvenir items for sale to tourists and lowland
communities.
Business ideas can come from your own skills. The work and experience you
may have in agricultural arts, industrial arts, home economics, and ICT classes
will provide you with business opportunities to acquire the needed skills which
will give you extra income, should you decide to engage in income-generating
activities. With your skills, you may also tinker around with various things in your
spare time. Many products were invented this way.
41
LM-Cookery Grade 10
5. Read magazines, news articles, and other publications on new products and
techniques or advances in technology. You can pick up new business ideas from
Newsweek, Reader’s Digest, Business Magazines, “Go Negosyo”, KAB
materials, and Small-Industry Journal. The Internet also serves as a library
where you may browse and surf on possible businesses. It will also guide you on
how to put the right product in the right place, at the right price, at the right time.
2. How big is the demand for the product? Do many people need this
product and will continue to need it for a long time?
3. How is the demand met? Who are processing the products to meet the
needs (competition or demand)? How much of the need is now being
met (supply)?
5. Will the business be legal, not going against any existing or foreseeable
government regulation?
Branding
42
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Get a great logo. Create a logo suitable to your business and consistent
with your tagline and place it everywhere.
Write down your brand messaging. Select key messages you want to
communicate about your brand.
Process
43
LM-Cookery Grade 10
In generating business idea, you should first identify what type of business is
suited to your business idea. You should analyze and scan the potential
environment, study the marketing practices and strategies of your competitors,
analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and the threats in your
environment to ensure that the products or services you are planning to offer will be
patronized within the easy reach by your target consumers.
Bear in mind these simple rules for successful SWOT Analysis:
Always apply SWOT Analysis in relation to your competition’ i.e. better than or
worse than your competitions.
Keep your SWOT Analysis short and simple. Avoid complexity and over
analysis.
44
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Directions: Utilize the SWOT Analysis table below to list up all your observations.
Be guided by the strategies in analyzing and formulating realistic and attainable
activities. Write down the activities on the available spaces provided to create the
best business idea.
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Strategies:
Analysis:
45
LM-Cookery Grade 10
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Activities:
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
46
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Reading books and watching videos have been considered as one of the
most effective educational activities that can help learners deepen their
understanding on a certain topic. In this particular task, you will be asked to conduct
extra readings and video viewings in the Internet on the following topics:
TransferTrTransfer
Direction: Generate a clear and appealing product brand with a logo and a tagline.
Logo
Logo
_______________________
QUARTER I
Prepare Egg, Cereal, and Starch Dishes
QUARTER I
Prepare Egg, Cereal, and Starch Dishes
Overview
47
LM-Cookery Grade 10
This quarter will provide you learners the essential knowledge and
opportunities to develop your skills and gained understanding in the preparation,
cooking, presentation, and storing egg, cereal, and starch dishes. You will be able to
know the needed tools and equipment and learn how to clean and sanitize them
after each use. Differentiated activities and hands – on activities were given to give
you opportunities to transfer what you have learned.
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. perform Mise’en place;
2. prepare and cook egg, cereal and starch dishes;
3. present egg, cereal and starch dishes; and
4. store egg, cereal and starch dishes.
Pretest 1
A. Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter which
corresponds to the correct answer and write it in your test notebook.
1. It is a small hand tool used generally in decorative works such as making
garnishes.
A. bread knife C. channel knife
B. butcher knife D. paring knife
50
LM-Cookery Grade 10
B. Give one risk in the preparation and cooking of starch, cereal dishes and other
foods, and give some guidelines pertaining to food safety.
SCOR CRITERIA
E
Overview
51
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. Channel Knife – a small hand tool used generally in decorative works such as
making garnishes.
2. Colander – a perforated bowl of varying sizes made of stainless steel,
aluminum or plastic, used to drain, wash or cook ingredients from liquid.
3. Offset spatula – a broad – bladed implement bent to keep the hand off hot
surfaces. It is used for turning and lifting eggs, pan cakes, and meats on
52
LM-Cookery Grade 10
griddles, grills, sheet pans, and the likes and also used to scrape and clean
griddles.
4. Pastry Brush – a small implement used to brush the surface of unbaked
pastries or cookies with egg white, egg yolk or glaze.
5. Rubber spatula or scraper – a broad flexible plastic or rubber scraper, that is
rectangular in shape with a curve on one side. It is used to scrape off all the
contents of bowls and pans from the sides and fold in beaten eggs in batter or
whipped cream.
6. Sieve – a screen – type mesh supported by a round metal frame used for
sifting dry ingredients like starch and flour.
7. Spoons: solid, slotted and perforated – large stainless spoons holding about 3
ounces used for mixing, stirring, and serving. Slotted and perforated spoons
are large, long-handled spoons with holes in the bowl used to remove larger
solid particles from liquids.
8. Wire whip or Whisk – a device with loops of stainless steel wire fastened to a
handle. It is used for blending, mixing, whipping eggs or batter, and for
blending gravies, sauces, and soups.
Kitchen Utensils
1. Egg Poacher – A miniature Bain Marie with an upper dish containing
indentations each sized to hold an egg or contains separate device for
poaching.
2. Omelet Pan – a heavy-based frying usually of cast iron or copper, with
rounded sloping sides used exclusively for omelets and never washed after
used but cleaned with absorbent paper.
3. Measuring cup- a kitchen utensil used for measuring liquid or bulk solid
cooking ingredients such as flour and sugar
4. Measuring spoon- used to measure an amount of an ingredient, either liquid
or dry, when cooking. Measuring spoons may be made of plastic, metal, and
other materials.
5. Sauce pan- deep cooking pan with a handle used primarily for cooking sauce.
6. Mixing bowl - these containers have smooth, rounded interior surfaces with
no creases to retain some mixture and is used for mixing ingredients.
Kitchen Equipment
1. Oven - a chamber or compartment used for cooking, baking, heating, or
drying.
2. Electric mixer - A hand-held mixer which usually comes with various
attachments including a whisk attachment for whisking cream, batters and
egg whites, and sugar.
3. Refrigerator - a kitchen appliance where you store food at a cool temperature.
53
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Ware washing
Ware washing is the process of washing and sanitizing dishes,
glassware, flatware, and pots and pans either manually or mechanically. Manual
ware washing uses a three-compartment sink and is used primarily for pots and
pans. It may be used for dishes and flatware in small operations. Mechanical ware
washing requires a dishwashing machine capable of washing, rinsing, and drying
dishes, flatware, and glassware. In large operations, heavy-duty pot and pan
washing machines have been designed to remove cooked-on food.
Manual Dishwashing
Procedure
1. Scrape and pre-rinse.
The purpose of this step is to keep the wash water cleaner longer.
2. Wash.
Use warm water at 1100F to 1200F and a good detergent. Scrub well
with a brush to remove all traces of leftover and grease.
3. Rinse.
Use clean warm water to rinse off detergent. Change the water
frequently, or use running water with an overflow.
4. Sanitize.
54
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Place utensils in rack and immerse in hot water at 170 0F for thirty
seconds. (A gas or electric heating element is needed to hold water at
this temperature.)
5. Drain and air-dry.
Do not towel-dry. This may contaminate utensils.
Mechanical Dishwashing
The steps in washing dishes by machine are the same as in the
manual methods. Except that the machine does the washing, rinsing, and sanitizing.
Procedure
1. Scrape and pre-rinse.
2. Rack dishes so that the dishwasher spray will strike all surfaces.
3. Run machine for a full cycle.
4. Set the sanitizing temperatures at 1800F for machine that sanitizes by heat
and at 1400F for machine that sanitizes by chemical disinfectant.
5. Air-dry and inspect dishes. Do not touch food – contact surfaces.
b. When the teacher shows you a kitchen tool, a kitchen utensil or equipment
with label, raise the index card showing YES if the label is correct and NO if
it is wrong.
Performance Activity 1
B. Clean and sanitize tools and equipment by performing the given activity.
You will be asked to clean and sanitize the tools and equipment in the food
laboratory. Follow the procedures properly in performing the task.
55
LM-Cookery Grade 10
and equipment and performs the skill without supervision and with
initiative and adaptability to problem situations.
3 Follows correctly the procedures in cleaning and sanitizing tools
and equipment and performs the skill satisfactorily without
assistance or supervision.
2 Follows the procedures in cleaning and sanitizing tools and
equipment with minor errors and performs the skill satisfactorily
with some assistance and/or supervision.
1 Was not able to follow the procedures in cleaning and sanitizing
tools and equipment and performs the skill unsatisfactorily.
After knowing
the needed tools and
equipment needed in the
preparation of egg
dishes and on how to
clean and sanitize them
after each use, the next
consideration is to know
what makes up an egg
and appreciate other
things about egg.
Structure
1. Shell. The egg’s outer covering, the shell, accounts for about 9 to 12 % of
its total weight depending on egg size. The shell is the egg’s first line of
defense against bacterial contamination. The shell is produced by the
shell gland (uterus) of the oviduct, and has an outer coating, the bloom or
cuticle. The cuticle somewhat seals the pores and is useful in reducing
moisture losses and in preventing bacterial penetration of the egg shell.
2. Air cell. This is the empty space between the white and shell at the large
end of the egg which is barely existent in newly laid egg. When an egg is
first laid, it is warm. As it cools, the contents contract and the inner shell
membrane separate from the outer shell membrane to form the air cell.
3. Albumen/Egg white. Albumen, also called egg white, accounts for most of
an egg’s liquid weight, about 67%. This is produced by the oviduct and
56
LM-Cookery Grade 10
consists of four alternating layers of thick and thin consistencies. From the
yolk outward, they are designated as the inner thick or chalaziferous
white, the inner thin white, the outer thick white and the outer thin white.
The outer thin white is a narrow fluid layer next to the shell membrane. The
outer thick white is a gel that forms the center of the albumen. The inner
thin white is a fluid layer located next to the yolk. The inner thick white
(chalasiferous layer) is a dense, matted, fibrous capsule terminates on
each end in the chalazae, which are twisted in opposite directions and
serve to keep the yolk centered.
4. Chalaza. This is the ropey strands of egg white at both sides of the egg,
which anchor the yolk in place in the center of the thick white. They are
sometimes mistaken for egg imperfections or beginning embryos, which of
course they are not. The twist in the chalaza is meant to keep the germinal
disc always on top whichever way the egg may turn. The more prominent
the chalazae the fresher is the egg.
5. Germinal Disc. This is the entrance of the latebra, the channel leading to
the center of the yolk. The germinal disc is barely noticeable as a slight
depression on the surface of the yolk. When the egg is fertilized, sperm
enter by way of the germinal disc, travel to the center and a chick embryo
starts to form. Since table eggs are not fertilized, this is not as easy to
recognize as when the egg is fertilized.
6. Membranes. There are two kinds of membranes, one just under the shell
and the other covering the yolk. These are the shell membrane and the
vitelline membrane. Just inside the shell are two shell membranes, inner
and outer. The air cell formed due to the contraction of egg as it cools, is
found between the two layers of this shell membrane. The outer membrane
sticks to the shell while the inner membrane sticks to the albumen. During
storage, the egg losses water by evaporation, causing the air cell to
enlarge. The vitelline membrane is the covering that protects the yolk from
breaking. The vitelline membrane is weakest at the germinal disc and
tends to become more fragile as the egg ages. Every cook has
experienced that the yolk of eggs that are no longer fresh easily break.
7. Yolk. The yolk or the yellow to yellow- orange portion makes up about 33% of
the liquid weight of the egg. The egg yolk is formed in the ovary. On the surface
of the yolk, there is a small white spot about 2 mm in diameter. This is the
germinal disc and it is present even if the egg is infertile. In infertile eggs, the
germinal disc contains the genetic material from the hen only but when
fertilized, it contains the zygote that will eventually develop into a chick. The
yolk material serves as a food source for embryonic development. It contains all
the fat in the egg and a little less than half of the protein. The main protein in
the egg yolk is vitelline, a lipoprotein. It also contains phosvitin which is high
in phosphorus and has antioxidant properties, and livetin which is high in
sulfur.
57
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Composition of an Egg
Egg quality
Egg quality has two general components: shell quality (exterior quality) and
interior egg quality. Interior egg quality has direct bearing on the functional properties
of eggs while shell quality has direct influence on microbiological quality.
Egg Grading. Grading is a form of quality control used to classify eggs for
exterior and interior quality. In the Philippines, the grade designations are A,
B, C, and D.
Egg Size. Several factors influence the size of the egg: breed, age of hen,
weight, feed and environmental factors. Native chickens have much smaller
eggs than commercial breeds. Some commercial breeds have bigger eggs
than others. Of the same breed, new layers tend to have smaller eggs
compared to older hens. Pullets that are significantly underweight at sexual
maturity will also produce small eggs. Better fed hens lay larger eggs than
underfed ones. The environmental factors that lead to smaller eggs are heat,
stress and overcrowding.
The egg sizes are Jumbo, Extra Large, Large, Medium, Small and
Peewee. Medium, Large, and Extra Large are the sizes commonly available.
59
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Quality
A B C D
Factor
Moderately Moderately
stained stained
Clean Clean
Unbroken Unbroken
Shell Unbroken Unbroken
Slightly May be
Normal shape Normal shape
abnormal abnormal
shape shape
Depth of Depth of 1.0
Depth of 0.3cm or Depth of 1cm
0.5cm or less cm or less
Air Cell less May be loose
Practically May be loose
Practically regular or bubbly
regular or bubbly
May be weak
Clear Clear and watery
Clear
Reasonably May be slightly Small clots or
Firm
Egg White Firm weak spots may be
72 Haigh units or
60 - 71 31-59 haugh present
higher
Haugh units units Less than 31
Haugh units
Outline may be
well defined. Outline may
Outline fairly May be slightly be well
well defined enlarged and defined. May
Outlined defined
Round and flattened. be enlarged
Egg Yolk Round and firm
firm Practically free and flattened.
Free from defects
Free from from defects. May have
defects May have embryonic
embryonic development
development
Enhancement activityActivity
60
LM-Cookery Grade 10
A. Minute to Write It
Directions: In your test notebook write whether you agree or disagree to the
following statements and justify your answer.
1. Egg is a complete food.
2. Egg is composed of the shell, egg white and egg yolk.
B. Pictorial Report
Directions: Make a pictorial report with illustration showing the qualities of a
fresh egg in terms of egg size and grading.
Eggs are also sold in several processed forms: bulk or fluid whole eggs
(which sometimes includes a percentage of extra yolks to obtain a specific blend),
egg whites, and egg yolks. Pasteurized eggs are used in preparations such as salad
dressings, eggnog, or desserts, where the traditional recipe may have indicated that
the eggs should be raw. These products generally are available in liquid or frozen
form. Frozen egg products on the other hand are used as ingredients by food
processors. Products containing egg yolk usually have salt, sugar or corn syrup
added to prevent gelation or increased viscosity during freezing. They are packed in
30-lB.containers and in 4-, 5-, 8-, and 10-lB.pouches or waxed or plastic cartons.
Dried powdered eggs are also sold and may be useful for some baked
goods or in certain circumstances. For food service use, they are generally sold in 6-
oz. pouches, and 3-lB.and 25-lB.poly packs.
Egg substitutes may be entirely egg-free or may be produced from egg
whites, with dairy or vegetable products substituted by yolks. These substitutes are
important for people with reduced-cholesterol diet requirement.
Uses of Egg
1. Cooked and served “as is”, e.g.
in the shell – soft cooked ( 5 minutes simmering) or hard cooked (15 minutes
simmering)
poached – cooked in simmering water; addition of salt and vinegar hastens
coagulation
fried – keep low to moderate temperature
scrambled – addition of sugar delays coagulation; addition of liquids and
acids decreases coagulation point
omelet
2. Eggs as emulsifier
Lecithin and lysolecithin are responsible for the remarkable ability of egg yolk
to act as an emulsifying agent; both are phosphoproteins containing polar and
non-polar ends such that the polar end holds water while the non-polar end
holds the fat, thus, prevent oil droplets in suspension from coalescing.
4. As foam
63
LM-Cookery Grade 10
64
LM-Cookery Grade 10
has started and soft peaks are formed; sugar retards the
denaturation of egg white
g. Addition of soda increases stability and volume
h. Addition of salt lowers quality of the foam
i. Type of egg: duck eggs do not foam well because they lack
ovumucin
j. Dilution of egg white by water produces bigger volume but lesser
foam; this produces more tender cakes, but in meringues, syneresis
occurs.
k. Applications of foam in cookery
as leavening e.g. in angel cake, sponge cake, chiffon cakes
as meringue, e.g.
(a) soft meringue for topping of cream, chocolate, or lemon pie,
requires a proportion of two tablespoons sugar per egg white
(b) hard meringue for confections, base of fruit pies or Sans Rival
Cake, requires a proportion of ¼ cup sugar per egg white
structural and textural agent – tenderness and fluffiness to
products, e.g. fluffy or foamy, soufflé, divinity, foam cakes,
popovers
Egg Products
1. Balut from duck eggs
2. Pidan eggs
3. Century eggs
4. Pickled eggs
65
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Culinary Uses:
Eggs as a thickening agent and binder
When used as a binder or thickener, the hydrophilic colloids of yolks
and whites, due to the presence of proteins are converted into a hydrophobic
colloid thus turning it into a gel.
At high temperature, the gel toughens. This explains why the white
becomes an opaque mass when cooked at a temperature of 62 0C. For egg
yolk, coagulation starts at 650C.
shell to make hard- and soft-cooked and coddled eggs. They may be served directly
in the shell or they may be shelled and used to make another preparation, such as
deviled eggs, or as a garnish for salads or vegetable dishes.
Select a pot deep enough for the eggs to be submerged in water. Have on
hand a slotted spoon, skimmer, or spider to remove eggs from the water once they
are cooked.
Directions: Given the different recipes in preparing and cooking egg dishes, perform
the suggested activities below. Your product and performance will be evaluated
using the given rubric after each activity.
6. Peel as soon as possible by cracking the shell starting from the large end.
For easier peeling, peel while still warm, and hold under running water to help
loosen the shell.
7. Serve the eggs or refrigerate until needed.
Coddled Eggs. Put cold eggs into already simmering water and simmer for 30
seconds.
Soft-Cooked Eggs. Put cold eggs into already simmering water and simmer for 3 to
4 minutes.
Medium-Cooked Eggs. Put cold eggs into already simmering water and simmer for
5 to 7 minutes.
Poached Eggs
Poached eggs are prepared by slipping shelled eggs into barely simmering
water and gently cooking until the egg holds its shape. The fresher the egg, the
more centered the yolk, the less likely the white is spread and become ragged.
Poached eggs can be prepared in advance and held safely throughout a
typical service period to make the workload easier during service. Slightly under
poach the eggs, shock them in ice water to arrest the cooking process, trim them,
and hold them in cold water. At the time of service, reheat the eggs in simmering
water.
Eggs are most often poached in water, though other liquids, such as red wine,
stock, or cream, can also be used. Add vinegar and salt to the water to encourage
the egg protein to set faster. Otherwise, the egg whites can spread too much before
they coagulate.
Poached Eggs
Makes 10 servings
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Saucepan
Skimmer
Ingredients Needed:
1 gal/3.84L water
1tbsp/15g salt
1 floz. /30ml distilled white vinegar
68
LM-Cookery Grade 10
20 eggs
Procedure:
1. Prepare tools, equipment and food items. Be sure that eggs are chilled until
ready to poach.
2. Combine the water, salt and vinegar, in a deep pan and bring it to a bare
simmer.
3. Break each egg into a clean cup, and then slide the egg carefully into the
poaching water.
4. Cook for 3 to 5 minutes, or until the whites are set and opaque.
5. Remove the eggs from the water with a slotted spoon, blot them on absorbent
toweling, and trim the edges if desired.
6. Serve or chill and refrigerate for later use.
Fried Eggs
Fried eggs call for perfectly fresh eggs, the correct heat level, an appropriate
amount of cooking fat, and a deft hand. Fried eggs may be served sunny side up
(not turned) or over (turned once). Fried eggs may be basted with fat as they fry.
Using very fresh eggs is the only way to ensure a rich flavor and good
appearance of the finished dish.
1. White should be shiny, uniformly set, and tender, not browned, blistered or
crisp at edges.
69
LM-Cookery Grade 10
5. A fried egg should have a yolk covered with a thin film of coagulated egg
white and still remain slightly fluid.
6. The egg white should be opaque, firm and tender, not chewy, crisp or brown.
7. A perfectly fried egg is a glory to behold – crispy edges and a wobbly, pinkish
yolk.
8. It will provide a fried egg with a slightly crispy, frilly edge; the white will be set
and the yolk soft and runny
1. Sunny side up
Cook slowly without flipping until white is
completely set but yolk is still soft and
yellow. Heat must be low or bottom will
toughen or burn before top is completely
set.
2. Basted
Do not flip. Add a few drops of water
to pan and cover to steam cook the
top. A thin film of coagulated white
will cover the yolk which should
remain liquid.
3. Over easy
Fry and flip over. Cook just until
the white is just set but the yolk is
still liquid.
70
LM-Cookery Grade 10
4. Over medium
Fry and flip over. Cook until the yolk is
partially set.
5. Over hard
Fry and flip over. Cook until the yolk is
completely set.
Fried Eggs
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Sauté pan (preferably non-stick)
Dish, turner
Ingredients Needed:
Fresh egg
Oil or clarified or whole butter, as needed for frying
Salt, as needed
Ground black pepper, as needed
Procedure:
1. Select very fresh grade AA eggs for best results.
71
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Scrambled Eggs
Scrambled eggs can be made in two ways: the eggs can be stirred constantly
over low heat for a soft delicate curd and a creamy texture, or stirred less
frequently as they cook for a larger curd and a firm texture. Whether prepared to
order or to serve on a buffet line, scrambled eggs must be served hot, fresh and
moist.
Choose eggs that are fresh, with intact shells. Adding a small amount of water
or stock (about 2tsp/10ml per egg) to the beaten eggs will make them puffier as
the water turns to steam. Milk or cream may be used to enrich the eggs.
Scrambled eggs can be seasoned with salt and pepper, and/or flavored or
garnished with fresh herbs, cheese, sautéed vegetables, smoked fish, or truffles.
Eggs can be scrambled in a sauté pan or on a griddle. Nonstick surfaces
make it easy to prepare scrambled eggs with a minimum amount of added fat.
72
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Pans used for eggs should be reserved for that use only, if possible. A table fork,
wooden spoon, or spatula is needed for stirring the eggs in cooking.
Do not overcook scrambled eggs or hold them too long. Overcooked eggs
are tough and watery and will turn green in steam table. Scrambled eggs should
be soft and moist.
For flavor variations, the following ingredients may be added to scrambled
eggs before serving.
A good scrambled egg must not be tough nor burned but completely
coagulated
Directions: Given the different recipes in preparing and cooking egg dishes, perform
each of the activity and you will be evaluated using a rubric.
Scrambled Eggs
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Stainless bowl
Fork or egg beater
Sauté pan, steam kettle or tilting skillets
Ingredients Needed:
30 Eggs
1 tbsp. /15g salt
73
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Procedure:
Omelets
The rolled, or French-style, omelets start out like scrambled eggs, but when
the eggs start to set, they are rolled over. A folded or American style, omelet is
prepared in much the same manner, though it is often cooked on a griddle rather
than in a pan, and instead of being rolled, the American omelet is folded in half.
There are two other styles of omelets, both based upon a beaten mixture of eggs,
cooked either over direct heat or in an oven.
Choose eggs that are fresh, with intact shells. As with scrambled eggs, the
ability of the egg to hold its shape is irrelevant, but fresh eggs are preferable.
Omelets can be seasoned with salt, pepper, and herbs. Clarified butter or oil is the
most common cooking fat.
Omelets may be filled or garnished with cheese, sautéed vegetables or
potatoes, meats, and smoked fish, among other things. These fillings and garnishes
are incorporated at the appropriate point to be certain they are fully cooked and hot
when the eggs have been cooked. Grated or crumbled cheeses will melt sufficiently
from the heat of the eggs, and are often added just before an omelet is rolled or
folded.
1. High Heat.
74
LM-Cookery Grade 10
This is an opposite to the basic principle of low temperature egg cookery. The
omelet cooks so fast that its internal temperature never has time to get too high.
2. A conditioned omelet pan.
The pan must have sloping sides and be of the right size so the omelet can
be shaped properly. It must be well seasoned or conditioned to avoid sticking.
Sautéed onions with or without bacon Sautéed onions and diced potatoes
75
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Small bowls
Sauté pan
Fork
Ingredients Needed:
30 eggs
1tbsp/15g salt
1tsp/2g ground pepper
5fl oz. /150 ml water, stock, milk, or cream (optional)
2 ½ fl.oz. /175 ml, as needed clarified butter or oil
Procedure
1. Prepare equipment and food items.
2. For each portion, beat 3 eggs well and season with salt and pepper. Add the
liquid, if using.
3. Heat a nonstick omelet pan over high heat and add the butter or oil, tilting
the pan to coat the entire surface.
4. Pour the entire egg mixture into the pan and scramble it with the back of the
fork or wooden spoon.
5. Move the pan and the utensil at the same time until the egg mixture has
coagulated slightly. Smooth the eggs into an even layer.
6. Let the egg mixture finish cooking without stirring.
7. Tilt the pan and slide a fork or a spoon around the lip of the pan, under the
omelet, to be sure it is not sticking. Slide the omelet to the front of the pan
and use a fork or a wooden spoon to fold it inside to the center.
8. Turn the pan upside down, rolling the omelet onto the plate. The finished
omelet should be oval shaped.
Notes:
Options for filling an omelet: A pre-cooked filling may be added to the eggs
after they have been smoothed into an even layer and before the omelet is rolled.
76
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Alternatively, the rolled omelet can be slit open at the top, and a pre-cooked filling
can be spooned into the pocket.
To give the omelet, additional sheen, rub the surface lightly with butter.
A perfect omelet is fluffy, moist and tender, soft in the center, yellow in color
with no brown at all or just a hint of it, oval in shape, and all in one continuous piece
Ingredients:
1 cup diced cooked ham
½ cup sliced tomato
1pc white onion (cut into ring)
½ cup stripped sweet bell pepper
10pcs lightly beaten egg
¼ tsp ground black pepper
¼ cup shredded cheddar cheese
¼ cup evaporated milk
¼ tsp iodized salt
Procedure
1. In a skillet coated non-stick turner, put little oil, sauté the ham, onion, tomato,
red bell pepper and season to taste.
2. In a bowl, combine the egg and milk, salt, black pepper and pour over ham
mixture. Let eggs set on the bottom, then lift the edges to allow any uncooked
egg to flow underneath. Cover and cook until the eggs are set for about 3
minutes. Sprinkle with cheese and cut into wedges to serve.
Read more: http://www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/ham-and-cheese-frittata#ixzz36CpQIoa7
Standard Recipe CMDC
Baked Eggs
Baked eggs are also quick and easy to prepare.
1. Place a little butter in a custard cup. Put the cup in 175 0C (3500F) oven until
the butter melts.
2. Break an egg into the cup, and sprinkle with salt and pepper, then top the egg
with a little milk.
3. Bake 15 to 20 minutes or until the egg white is set.
77
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Formative Assessment:
Direction: Label the types of fried eggs.
1. _____________
2. _______________
3. ________________
78
LM-Cookery Grade 10
4. ________________
5. _________________
A. Di
re
cti
o
n:
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Saucepan
Skimmer
Ingredients Needed:
Eggs
Distilled vinegar
Water
Procedure:
8. Serve immediately.
80
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Part of serving food is presentation. It should appeal to your mouth, nose, and
eyes. You don’t have to be a trained chef to learn the basics of plating, which is the
art of presenting food in an attractive way.
Seven Simple Ways to Present Food like a Chef
http://startcooking.com/public/images/IMG
P4143.JPG
81
LM-Cookery Grade 10
82
LM-Cookery Grade 10
83
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Scrambled egg and bun on a plate Boiled eggs on white plate with
with cereal bread garnish
Scrambled egg with herbs Fried egg with bacon and toasted bread
85
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Scrambled egg in
Manhattan plate Deviled eggs
86
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Baked eggs
Hard boiled Easter eggs
employment. Knowing OHS is essential to minimize the hazards and risks not only
to students, trainers and other people within the training institution but also to others
who will be affected.
What is food borne illness? Food borne infection? Food borne intoxication?
Food-borne illness is a disease that is carried and transmitted to people by
food.
Food-borne infection is a disease that results from eating food containing
harmful micro-organism.
Food-borne intoxication is a disease that results from eating food
containing toxins from bacteria, molds or certain plants or animals.
88
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Aside from food safety we should also be aware of the different hazards in
our workplace such as kitchen hazards, electrical hazards and others. To avoid or
control these kind of hazards the following should be observed:
1. Use caution when working around hot oil.
2. Get trained in the proper use and maintenance of your deep fryer.
3. Observe all safety procedures and wear all protective equipment provided for
your use while preparing hot items.
4. Use gloves, scrapers, and other cleaning tools with handles.
5. Use the correct grease level and cooking temperatures for your deep fryer.
6. Keep stove surfaces clean to prevent grease flare-ups.
7. Avoid reaching over or climbing on top of fryers and other hot surfaces. Clean
vents when oil is cool.
8. Keep floor surfaces clean and dry to prevent slipping or falling onto hot
surfaces.
9. Wear slip-resistant shoes. Floors should be cleaned often with grease-cutting
solutions.
10. Do not work closely to hot fryers when the floor is wet.
11. Do not spill water or ice into hot oil as this may cause a flare-up.
12. Do not overfill or pour excessive amount of frozen fries into deep fryer at one
time.
13. Overfilling causes excessive splashing and bubbling over of hot oil.
14. Do not pour excess ice from fry packages into the fryer.
15. Do not overheat the oil; use only manufacturers recommended cooking
temperatures.
16. Do not move or strain hot oil containers; wait until the oil is cool!
17. Extinguish hot oil/grease fires by using a class K fire extinguisher.
89
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Preparation/Cooking:
1. Keep refrigerated before and after cooking.
2. Keep everything clean.
3. Use only clean, not cracked eggs.
4. Cook thoroughly.
5. Wash container used for egg thoroughly.
6. Use egg separator
Service/Transport:
1. Serve promptly after cooking.
2. Keep cold food cold, hot food hot.
3. Use ice or cold packs when transporting.
4. Avoid eating raw eggs or food that contain raw eggs.
90
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. __________________ 2. ___________________
3. ___________________ 4. __________________
5.
_________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ____________________
91
LM-Cookery Grade 10
9.
________________ 10. ____________________
B. D
i
r
e
c
t
i
ons: Prepare and cook French omelet individually using the given recipe.
Present your product in an artistic way. Your product and performance will be
evaluated using the given rubric.
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Small bowls
Sauté pan
Fork
Ingredients Needed:
Three eggs
Salt and pepper
Clarified butter
Fillings
Procedure:
92
LM-Cookery Grade 10
93
LM-Cookery Grade 10
94
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Very No
Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement
Satisfactory Attempt Points
(4 pts.) (2 pts.) (1 pt.)
(3 pts.) (0 pt.) Earned
1. Use of tools Uses tools and Uses tools Uses tools and Uses tools and No
and equipment equipment correctly and equipment correctly equipment attempt
and confidently at all equipment but less confidently incorrectly and less
times correctly and sometimes confidently most of
confidently the time
most of the
times
2. Application Manifests very clear Manifests Manifests Manifests less No
of procedures understanding of the clear understanding of understanding of the attempt
step- by-step understandin the step-by-step step- by-step
procedure g of the step- procedure procedure seeking
by-step but sometimes clarification most of
procedure seeks clarification the time
Storage is done to maintain the quality of food, prolong the shelf-life, maintain
an adequate supply of food and ensure its safety for consumption.
Proper storage of food is very crucial in keeping food safe because the
manner and temperature of storage will affect the food’s susceptibility to bacterial
growth, other contaminants and infestation. Storing food will not improve its quality, it
will only delay the rate of deterioration, and thus the proper period of storage should
also be observed.
Eggs should be stored properly to prevent increase in alkalinity and bacterial
growth. They should be stored in an oval, dry place to retard deterioration, as
enzymatic activity is greater at room temperature.
Keeping eggs as fresh as possible depends on the care taken by the farmer,
wholesaler, and grocer to refrigerate them at all times. After you have chosen your
eggs by size, grade, freshness, and type, proper storage will help maintain their
quality.
Kind of Storage
Cold Storage (refrigerated storage, deep chilling, freezer storage) keeping
potentially hazardous foods cold enough to prevent bacteria from growing.
96
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Dry Storage should be dry, cool, well-ventilated, free from insects and
rodents, clean and orderly.
In the absence of refrigerators, eggs may be stored at room temperature for
about seven days. Left-over egg yolks and egg whites should be kept in
containers that will prevent drying.
97
LM-Cookery Grade 10
A. Directions: Write true if the statement is correct and false if it is incorrect. Write
your answer on your test notebook.
1. Eggs should be stored properly to prevent increase in alkalinity and bacterial
growth.
2. Fresh eggs can be kept more than two weeks.
3. When storing egg yolks in the freezer, a small amount of sugar or salt should be
added to prevent the yolks from becoming too thick and thin over time.
4. To delay the deteriorative changes, reduce the penetration of mold and retard
spoilage of eggs, cover the pores by dipping the eggs in oil.
5. In the absence of refrigerator, eggs may be stored at room temperature for about
two weeks.
98
LM-Cookery Grade 10
99
LM-Cookery Grade 10
The success of cooking starch and cereal dishes depends on the proper tools
and equipment used in the preparation of food. The preparation of starch and cereal
dishes requires the various tools and equipment below. Each tool must be used
according to its function.
1. Mixing bowl – used when preparing cake mixture, salads, creams, and
sauces.
2. Sifter – used for separating coarse particles of flour, sugar, baking powder,
and powdered ingredients to retain finer textures.
3. Wire whip – used for beating egg whites, egg yolk, creams and mayonnaise.
4. Wooden spoon – used for mixing creams, butter, and for tossing salads.
5. Slotted spoon – used to separate solid particles from soup; also for stirring
purposes, such as making egg white fine in texture for bird’s nest soup and
mock nido soup.
6. Blending fork – used for testing the tenderness of meat, combining big cuts
and particles of meat and vegetables, and for blending other ingredients with
flour.
7. Rubber scraper – used for scraping off mixtures of butter, sugar, and egg from
the sides of the mixing bowl.
8. Strainer – used for separating liquids from fine or solid food particles, such as
coco cream from coconut and tamarind extract.
9. Tongs – used for handling hot foods.
10. Measuring Cups – used for measuring dry and liquid ingredients
11. Measuring spoon – used for measuring dry and liquid ingredients which
require a little amount
12. Sauce pan and pots – used for cooking meat and fish dishes with gravy and
sauce.
13. Kettle and rice cooker – used for cooking rice and other foods.
14. Pressure cooker – used for tenderizing or cooking meat, chicken, and other
grains or legumes, such as mongo and white beans in lesser time..
15. Double boiler – used for preparing sauces which easily get scorched when
cooked directly on the stove.
16. Steamer – used for cooking food by steaming.
17. Colander - a perforated bowl of varying sizes made of stainless steel,
aluminum or plastic, used to drain, wash, or cook ingredients from liquid
18. Canister - a plastic or metal container with a lid that is used for keeping dry
products
19. Butcher knife – used for cutting, sectioning, and trimming raw meats
100
LM-Cookery Grade 10
20. Channel knife – a small hand tool used generally in decorative works such as
making garnishes.
Sources of Starch
The parts of plants that store most starch are seeds, roots, and tubers. Thus,
the most common sources of food starch are:
cereal grains, including corn, wheat, rice, grain, sorghum, and oats;
legumes; and
roots or tubers, including potato, sweet potato, arrowroot, and the tropical
cassava plant (marketed as tapioca)
Common Source of Manufactured Food Starch
1. corn
2. potato
3. Tapioca (cassava)
Classification of Starch
1. Native or Natural Starch refers to the starches as originally derived from its
plant source.
2. Modified Starches are starches that have been altered physically or
chemically, to modify one or more of its key chemicals and/or physical
property.
3. Purified starch may be separated from grains and tubers by a process called
wet milling. This procedure employs various techniques of grinding,
screening, and centrifuging to separate the starch from fiber, oil, and protein.
101
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Composition of Starch
102
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Cornstarc
Potato Cassava Wheat
h
Moisture,% 19 13 13
Ash,% 0.4 0.2 0.2
Protein, % 0.06 0.1 0.4
Lipid,% 0.05 0.1 0.8
Phosphorus% 0.08 0.01 0.06
Amylose,% 21 17 28
Micrograph
1. Muhrbeck, P. and A.-C.Eliasson. 1987. Influence of pH and ionic strength on the viscoelastic properties of starch gels- a
comparison of potato and cassava starches. Carbohydrate Polymers 7: 291-300.
loss of birefringence
increase in clarity
103
LM-Cookery Grade 10
4. Syneresis. Oozing of liquid from gel when cut and allowed to stand (e.g. jelly or
baked custard). The oozing of liquid from a rigid gel; sometimes called weeping.
This reaction occurs in all kinds of gels:
puddings
jellies
custards
gelatin
agar
5. Dextrinization. It is the process of forming dextrin. Dextrins – are partially
hydrolyzed starches that are prepared by dry roasting. In home kitchens,
dextrinization is achieved by toasting flour for polvoron, rice flour for kare-kare
sauce, and bread slices for breakfast.
6. Hydrolysis Starches undergo hydrolysis during cooking or processing and during
storage of food where a chemical reaction in which a molecular linkage is broken
and a molecule of water is utilized.
a. Prolonged heating of starches with acid will promote hydrolysis. This
can happen when cooking an acidic food, such as: Pineapple pie
resulting in reduced viscosity or firmness of the pie filling.
104
LM-Cookery Grade 10
105
LM-Cookery Grade 10
addition to starches, including resistant starches I (RS), noodles and pasta may
contain other fibers and some proteins and fat as well.
Nutritive value:
Water
Protein
Fat
Carbon
Calcium
Phosphorous
Iron
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
106
LM-Cookery Grade 10
A. Directions: Complete the table by writing the appropriate tool and equipment in
column B to perform the task given in column A. Write your answer in your test
notebook.
A B
1. Used for separating coarse
particles of flour, sugar,
baking powder, and powdered
ingredients to retain finer
textures.
B. Directions: Enumerate the different kinds of starch and give its nutritional value
1. ________________________________________________________
2._______________________________________________________
3._______________________________________________________
4._______________________________________________________
C.Give at least three starch properties and reactions and describe it in one
sentence.
107
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________
108
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Cooking Pasta
Pasta should be cooked al dente, or “to the tooth”. This means the cooking
should be stopped when the pasta still feels firm to the bite, not soft and mushy. The
pleasure of cooking pasta is its texture, and this is lost if it is overcooked. To test for
doneness, break pasta into small piece and taste it. As soon as pasta is al dente,
cooking must be stopped at once. Half a minute extra is enough to overcook it.
Cooking times differ for every shape and size of pasta. Timing also depends
on the kind of flour used, and the moisture content.
Fresh egg pasta, if it has not been allowed to dry, takes only 1 to 1 ½ minutes
to cook after the water has returned to a boil.
Italian practice is to toss the pasta with the sauce the minute it is drained, the
sauce immediately coats all surfaces of the pasta, and the cheese, melts in the heat
of the boiling hot noodles.
111
LM-Cookery Grade 10
112
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Flavored pasta is available in a variety of shapes in both the dried and fresh
forms. Vegetable ingredients are added to pasta to provide both color and flavor. An
example of flavored pasta is spinach noodles that are green. Follow the package
directions for cooking flavored pastas.
The general rule for cooking pasta in boiling water is for 1 pound of
pasta, use 1 gallon of water, 1 teaspoon of salt, and 1 teaspoon of oil. For 100
servings of spaghetti, 6 gallons of water, 2 tablespoons of salt, and 2 tablespoons of
oil are needed to cook 6 pounds of dried spaghetti.
113
LM-Cookery Grade 10
sa
ed
rd
v
es
a
iu
mc
me
e,
d
ia
an
td
e
ls
ye
r
v
e
.
TD
or
a
hi
on
l,
d
t
fo
os
rs
aw
114
LM-Cookery Grade 10
i
st
h
o
ra
t
s
tm
ia
ml
el
fa
om
ro
u
sn
et
r
vo
if
c
eo
i
l
a
t
eo
r
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
s
t
i
c
k
i
n
115
LM-Cookery Grade 10
g
,
c
o
v
e
r
,
a
n
d
h
o
l
d
i
n
w
a
r
m
e
r
.
TC
o
o
sk
e
rp
va
es
t
a
s
a
p
ad
ra
116
LM-Cookery Grade 10
ty
oa
fh
e
a
d
s
as
lo
a
di
t
w
i
l
l
b
e
c
h
i
l
l
e
d
w
h
e
n
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
117
LM-Cookery Grade 10
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
s
a
l
a
d
i
n
g
r
e
d
i
e
n
t
s
.
D
o
n
o
t
c
o
m
118
LM-Cookery Grade 10
b
i
n
e
h
o
t
p
a
s
t
a
w
i
t
h
c
o
l
d
i
n
g
r
e
d
i
e
n
t
s
.
D
r
a
i
n
119
LM-Cookery Grade 10
a
n
d
c
o
v
e
r
w
i
t
h
c
o
l
d
w
a
t
e
r
j
u
s
t
l
o
n
g
e
n
o
u
g
h
120
LM-Cookery Grade 10
c
o
o
l
.
T
h
e
p
a
s
t
a
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
n
e
e
d
r
e
f
r
i
g
e
r
a
t
i
o
121
LM-Cookery Grade 10
f
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
t
i
m
e
,
i
t
i
s
c
o
o
l
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
122
LM-Cookery Grade 10
r
.
W
h
e
n
p
a
s
t
a
i
s
c
o
o
l
,
d
r
a
i
n
a
n
d
t
o
s
s
l
i
g
h
t
l
123
LM-Cookery Grade 10
w
i
t
h
o
i
l
t
o
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
s
t
i
c
k
i
n
g
o
r
d
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
124
LM-Cookery Grade 10
C
o
v
e
r
a
n
d
r
e
f
r
i
g
e
r
a
t
e
.
TD
or
a
ci
on
o
ka
n
ad
dc
ao
yv
e
ar
h
ew
ai
dt
h
125
LM-Cookery Grade 10
f
oc
ro
l
sd
e
rw
va
it
ce
er
ij
nu
s
at
hl
eo
an
tg
e
de
n
do
iu
sg
h
t
o
c
o
o
l
.
W
h
e
n
126
LM-Cookery Grade 10
a
s
t
a
i
s
c
o
o
l
,
d
r
a
i
n
a
n
d
t
o
s
s
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
w
i
t
h
o
i
127
LM-Cookery Grade 10
t
o
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
s
t
i
c
k
i
n
g
o
r
d
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
.
C
o
v
e
r
128
LM-Cookery Grade 10
n
d
r
e
f
r
i
g
e
r
a
t
e
.
W
h
e
n
i
t
i
s
t
i
m
e
t
o
u
s
e
t
h
e
129
LM-Cookery Grade 10
a
s
t
a
,
i
m
m
e
r
s
e
i
t
i
n
b
o
i
l
i
n
g
w
a
t
e
r
u
n
t
i
l
j
u
s
t
130
LM-Cookery Grade 10
h
e
a
t
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
.
D
r
a
i
n
i
m
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
l
y
a
n
d
u
s
e
131
LM-Cookery Grade 10
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
r
e
c
i
p
e
.
T
h
e
p
a
s
t
a
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
132
LM-Cookery Grade 10
b
e
c
o
o
k
e
d
m
o
r
e
,
j
u
s
t
h
e
a
t
e
d
t
o
s
e
r
v
i
n
g
t
e
m
p
133
LM-Cookery Grade 10
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
.
S
l
i
Tg
oh
t
ul
sy
e
u
in
nd
e
ar
c
co
o
ok
k
et
dh
e
d
ip
sa
hs
t
a
.
Wagon Rotini
11 minutes 8 minutes
Wheels
Linguine Elbow
10 minutes 6 minutes
Macaroni
Rigatoni 10 minutes Noodles 6 minutes
Spaghetti 10 minutes
Directions: Given the recipe, by pair or by group cook pasta following the
procedures. Your product and performance will be evaluated using the given rubric.
How to Cook Pasta?
Materials needed:
500g pasta
Salt
Water
Tools/equipment needed
Burner
Kettle
Ladle
Colander
135
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Risk in the preparation and cooking of starch and cereal dishes and other food
Food handlers;
Kitchen facilities;
Food selection and preparation; and
Safe temperatures.
136
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Protect the kitchen areas and food from insects, pests and other animals
Maintain the highest standards of sanitation in the kitchen at all times
Repair immediately broken but still serviceable kitchen tools, utensils and
equipment to be ready for next use
Sanitize completely all kitchen utensils especially cups, saucers, flatware after
each use
Provide for adequate space, proper ventilation and window screens in the
area
Provide garbage receptacle for proper waste disposal
3. Food Preparation and Cooking
Check expiry dates of food commodities bought and those in stock
Use iodized salt as a must in salt-seasoned preparations
Cover the food properly.
Practice segregation of materials
Store food properly
4. Safe temperature
Do not leave cooked food at room temperature for more than two hours
Refrigerate promptly all cooked and perishable food preferably below 5 0C
within four hours
Do not store food too long even in the refrigerator.
Thaw food inside the refrigerator, not at room temperature.
Check internal temperature during cooking to assure proper end-point time
and temperature has been met to at least 70 0C/1650F
Reheat cooked food thoroughly to 700C/1650F within two hours
B. Directions: Collect at least 20 different recipes of starch and cereal dishes and
compile it using any kind of paper, any decorating materials, glue, and coloring
materials.
Your output will be rated using the scoring rubric below:
SCORE CRITERIA
5 Compiled properly (20) recipes of starch and cereal dishes in a very
137
LM-Cookery Grade 10
attractive manner
4 Compiled properly (16-19) recipes of starch and cereal dishes in an
attractive manner
3 Compiled properly (10-15) recipes of starch and cereal dishes in simple
manner
2 Compiled properly (6-9) recipes of starch and cereal dishes in simple
manner
1 Compiled less than 6 recipes of starch and cereal dishes in disorganized
manner
C. D
i
r
e
c
tions: Given the recipe, prepare and present Fettuccine Alfredo following the
procedures.
Ingredients:
1 cup heavy cream
2 tbsp butter
1½ lb. fresh fettuccine
1 cup heavy cream
6 tbsp. freshly grated parmesan cheese
salt to taste
pepper to taste
Procedure:
138
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. Combine the cream and butter in a sauté pan. Bring to simmer, reduce by ¼
and remove from heat.
2. Drop the noodles into boiling salted water, return to a full boil and drain.
Undercook slightly the noodles because they will cook further in the cream.
3. Put the noodles in the pan with hot cream and butter. Toss the noodles with
two forks until they are well coated with the cream, over low heat.
4. Add the remainder of the cream and cheese and toss to mix well.
5. Add salt and pepper to taste.
6. Plate and serve immediately.
139
LM-Cookery Grade 10
140
LM-Cookery Grade 10
D. Ma
ke
an
album of twenty different kinds of starch and cereal dish presentations with
recipes.
Your output will be rated using the rubric below:
SCORE CRITERIA
5 Compiled properly (20) recipes of starch and cereal dishes in a very
attractive manner
4 Compiled properly (16-19) recipes of starch and cereal dishes in an
attractive manner
3 Compiled properly (10-15) recipes of starch and cereal dishes in simple
manner
2 Compiled properly (6-9) recipes of starch and cereal dishes in simple
manner
1 Compiled less than 6 recipes of starch and cereal dishes in disorganized
manner
B. Directions: Given the needed tools and equipment, prepare and present Baked
Lasagna following the recipe below:
141
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Baked Lasagna
Ingredients:
¾ lb. ricotta cheese
2 tbsp. parmesan cheese, grated
1 pc egg
salt to taste
pepper to taste
1 lb. lasagna
6 cups meat sauce
¾ lb. mozzarella cheese, shredded
4 tbsp. parmesan cheese, grated
Procedure:
142
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. Mix together the ricotta, parmesan and eggs then season to taste with salt and
pepper.
2. Cook lasagna noodles. Lay them out in a single layer on oiled sheet pans.
3. Ladle a little meat sauce into the pan. Spread it across the bottom.
4. Arrange a layer of noodles in the pan. Add a layer of ricotta mixture, a layer of
noodles, a layer of sauce and a layer mozzarella.
5. Continue making layers of noodles, ricotta, sauce and mozzarella until all
ingredients are used. Top with parmesan cheese.
6. Bake at 375°F (190°C. for about 30-45 minutes. Cover lightly with foil, then
remove after 15 minutes of baking time.
Your performance will be rated using the scoring rubric below:
Very
Good Fair Poor
I. Products: Good
(3) (2) (1)
(4)
1. General Appearance
a. attractive and appealing to appetite
b. pleasing and good color combination
c. ingredients cooked just right
2. Palatability
a. delicious
b. taste just right
3. Nutritive value
a. highly nutritious
II. Procedures:
1. Use of Resources:
a. keep working table orderly while preparing the
ingredients
b. use only the proper and needed utensils and
dishes
c. use time-saving techniques and devices
2. Cleanliness and sanitation
a. is well- groomed and properly dressed for
cooking, use clean apron, hair nets, hand towel
and pot holder
b. observe sanitary handling of food
3. Conservation of nutrients
a. follow proper preparation and cooking
procedures
143
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Procedure:
1. Combine 2 cups all-purpose flour and 1/4 teaspoon salt on pastry board, culling
board, or countertop; make well in center. Whisk 3 eggs, 1 tablespoon milk, and 1
teaspoon olive oil in small bowl until well blended; gradually pour into the flour
mixture while mixing with fork or fingertips to form ball of dough.
2. Gradually add the mixture to the flour to make a ball of dough.
3. Place dough on lightly floured surface; flatten slightly. To knead dough, fold dough
in half toward you and press dough away from you with heels of hands. Give
dough a quarter turn and continue folding, pushing, and turning. Continue
kneading for 5 minutes until smooth and elastic, adding more flour to prevent
sticking if necessary. Wrap dough in plastic and let it stand for 15 minutes.
4. Knead the dough until it becomes smooth and elastic.
5. Unwrap dough and knead briefly (as described in step 2) on lightly floured
surface. Using lightly floured rolling pin, roll out dough to 1/8-inch-thick circle on
lightly floured surface. Gently pick up dough circle with both hands. Hold it up to
the light to check for places where dough is too thick. Return to board. Let rest
until dough is slightly dry but can be handled without breaking.
6. Lightly flour dough circle; roll loosely on rolling pin.
7. Loosely roll the dough on a rolling pin.
8. Slide rolling pin out; press dough roll gently with hand and cut into strips of
desired width with sharp knife. Carefully unfold strips.
9. Cut the dough into strips of desired width.
144
LM-Cookery Grade 10
10 Pasta can be dried and stored at this point. Hang strips over pasta rack or clean
broom handle covered with plastic wrap and propped between two chairs. Dry for
at least 3 hours; store in airtight container at room temperature for 4 days. To
serve, cook pasta in large pot of boiling salted water 3 to 4 minutes just until al
dente. Drain well.
11. Dry the pasta using a drying rack.
Introduction
Proper storage of food is very crucial in keeping food safe because the
manner and temperature of storage will affect the food’s susceptibility to bacterial
growth, other contaminants, and infestation. Storing food will not improve its quality,
it will only delay the rate of deterioration, and thus, the proper period of storage
should also be observed.
145
LM-Cookery Grade 10
FIFO (First In, First Out) in storing food is very important. Though it is a long-
time method in store-keeping where the first food stored should be the first food to
be out from the storage it is high time to make it a habit or put into practice. Write the
expiry date, date received and date of storage to the food package and regularly
check the expiration date.
2. Cooked Pasta
Pour the noodles into a colander. Allow as much moisture as possible to
drain. Noodles left in standing water become overly soft and mushy.
Sprinkle 1 tsp. salad oil over the noodles. Toss the pasta so the noodles are
evenly coated in the oil. Salad oil prevents the pasta from sticking together.
Place the pasta in a tight-sealed container. Store in the refrigerator for three
to five days.
Cooked pasta can be stored unsauced in an airtight container and
refrigerated for 4 or 5 days. The sauce should be refrigerated separate from
the pasta and can be stored for 6 or 7 days. This prevents the pasta from
soaking up too much flavor and oil from the sauce, which causes the taste of
the pasta to be drowned out. If the pasta is stored together with the sauce, it
146
LM-Cookery Grade 10
To store, cook the pasta as you normally would and then rinse with cold water and
allow it to drain well.
Add a small amount of olive oil
or butter to help prevent the
pasta from clumping together
while it is stored. Use only
enough oil or butter to lightly
coat the pasta.
147
LM-Cookery Grade 10
The lasagna and baked pasta dishes can be refrigerated for 3 or 4 days or
they can be placed in a freezer and kept for approximately 3 months. If frozen, the
pasta dish should be thawed in the refrigerator and not on the kitchen counter.
3. Fresh Pasta.
Fresh pasta should ideally be used on the same day as manufactured. This is not
always possible, but if it is used within the next two days it will give adequate
results. After this it tends to crack through excess drying. It must be stored, keep
148
LM-Cookery Grade 10
it well-covered in the fridge, to minimize the risk of this happening. Frozen filled
pastas will keep for up to three months if held at -18oC or lower.
Fresh pasta can be stored in the refrigerator for 2 or 3 days. If the pasta will not
be used within that time, it can be frozen and stored in the freezer for 2 to 3
months. Homemade pasta can be stored in the refrigerator for 1 or 2 days or
frozen for 2 to 3 months. Homemade pasta can also be allowed to dry thoroughly
and then placed in a plastic bag or airtight container. The length of time it will
take to dry will vary depending on the type of pasta and its size, shape and
thickness. If dried completely, the pasta can then be stored in a cool dry place for
a couple of months. If you are going to use the pasta on the same day as it is
made, you can allow it to dry on a clean towel for a couple of hours before you
cook it unless it is stuffed pasta. Stuffed pasta, such as ravioli, should be cooked
within half an hour, otherwise it will begin to discolor and become damp.
4. Frozen pasta does not have to be thawed before it is cooked. Just place the
frozen pasta into boiling water and reheat it. It will need to cook a little longer
than unfrozen pasta.
• Store pasta sauce separate from the noodles, otherwise the noodles will become
mushy.
• You can freeze cooked pasta but it may be too soft once thawed. Use frozen
pasta in baked dishes so the softer texture is not noticeable.
149
Review of Learning Outcome 4
LM-Cookery Grade 10
SCOR CRITERIA
E
5 Done creatively and neatly showing much relevance to the given topic
4 Done creatively and neat enough with relevance to the given topic
3 Done creatively and neat enough but no relevance to the given topic
2 Done simply and neat enough but not so relevant to the given topic
Prepare and cook any cereal dish from among those recipes which you have
compiled in the previous activity.
Your performance will be rated using the scoring rubric below:
150
LM-Cookery Grade 10
P E R F O R M A N C E L E V E L
Dimension
Very No
Excellent Satisfactory Needs Improvement
Satisfactory Attempt Points
(4 pts.) (2 pts.) (1 pt.)
(3 pts.) (0 pt.) Earned
1. Use of tools Uses tools and Uses tools Uses tools and Uses tools and No
and equipment equipment correctly and equipment correctly equipment attempt
and confidently at all equipment but less confidently incorrectly and less
times correctly and sometimes confidently most of
confidently the time
most of the
times
2. Application Manifests very clear Manifests Manifests Manifests less No
of procedures understanding of the clear understanding of understanding of the attempt
step- by-step understandin the step-by-step step- by-step
procedure g of the step- procedure procedure seeking
by-step but sometimes clarification most of
procedure seeks clarification the time
Post Test
151
LM-Cookery Grade 10
A. Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter which corresponds to
the correct answer and write it in your test notebook.
1. Knife is chef’s best buddy. It is the busiest tool being used by people assigned
inside the kitchen. Which of the following knives is used for decorative works such
as garnishes?
A. Bread knife C. Channel knife
B. Butcher knife D. Paring knife
2. It is a perforated bowl of varying sizes made of stainless steel, aluminum or plastic
used to drain washed or cooked ingredients from liquid.
A. Canister C. Mixing bowl
B. Colander D. Soup bowl
3. It is used for turning and lifting eggs, pan cakes and meats on griddles, grills,
sheet pans, and the likes and also used to scrape and clean griddles.
A. Measuring spoon C. Rubber scraper
B. Offset spatula D. Wooden spoon
4. It is used to scrape off all the contents of bowls and pans from the sides and fold
in beaten eggs in batter or whipped cream.
A. Paring knife C. Wire whisk
B. Rubber spatula D. Wooden spoon
5. It is a screen – type mesh supported by a round metal frame used for sifting dry
ingredients like starch and flour.
A. Colander C. Sieve
B. Funnel D. Skimmer
6. It is a device with loops of stainless steel wire fastened to a handle. It is used for
blending, mixing, whipping eggs or batter, and for blending gravies, sauces, and
soups.
A. Fork C. Spoon
B. Knife D. Whisk
7. It is a miniature Bain Marie with an upper dish containing indentations each sized
to hold an egg or contains separate device for poaching.
A. Egg Poacher C. Frying pan
B. Double boiler D. Omelet pan
8. It is a chamber or compartment used for cooking, baking, heating, or drying.
A. Blender C. Mixer
B. Burner D. Oven
9. It is the process of washing and sanitizing dishes, glassware, flatware, pots, and
pans either manually or mechanically.
A. Bleaching C. Ware washing
B. Hand washing D. Washing machine
10. A dishwashing machine capable of washing, rinsing, and drying dishes, flatware,
and glassware.
A. Hand washing C. Mechanical ware washing
B. Manual ware washing D. Washing machine
152
LM-Cookery Grade 10
11. It is the egg’s outer covering which accounts for about 9 to 12 % of its total
weight depending on egg size.
A. Chalaza C. Shell
B. Germinal disc D. Yolk
12. This is the entrance of the latebra, the channel leading to the center of the yolk.
A. Chalaza C. Shell
B. Germinal disc D. Yolk
13. It is the yellow to yellow - orange portion which makes up to about 33% of the
liquid weight of the egg.
A. Chalaza C. Shell
B. Germinal disc D. Yolk
14. A disease that is carried and transmitted to people by food is referred to as food
borne ________________.
A. Bacteria C. Infection
B. Illness D. Intoxication
15. It is a disease that results from eating food containing harmful micro-organism.
A. Food-borne bacteria C. Food-borne infection
B. Food-borne illness D. Food-borne intoxication
16. It is a disease that results from eating food containing toxins from bacteria, molds
or certain plants or animals.
A. Food-borne bacteria C. Food-borne infection
B. Food-borne illness D. Food-borne intoxication
17. It is used for mixing creams, butter and for tossing salads.
A. Electric mixer C. Wire whisk
B. Serving spoon D. Wooden spoon
18. It is used for preparing meat, chicken, and other grains or legumes, such as
mongo and white beans in lesser time.
A. Double boiler C. pressure cooker
B. Frying pan D. rice cooker
19. It is a long chainlike molecule, sometimes called the linear fraction, and is
produced by linking together 500 to 2, 000 glucose molecules which contributes
to the gelling characteristics of cooked and cooled starch mixtures.
A. Amylopectin C. Dextrin
B. Amylose D. mucin
20. This problem is usually encountered when using acid or acid ingredients such as
lemon or vinegar.
A. Scorching C. Thinning of gel.
B. Skin formation D. Weak gelling
21. This results when there is too much liquid in relation to the starch.
A. Scorching C. Thinning of gel.
B. Skin formation D.Weak gelling
153
LM-Cookery Grade 10
22. This problem can be reduced by covering the container of the starch gel with a
waterproof cover.
A. Scorching C. Thinning of gel.
B. Skin formation D. Weak gelling
23. This can be avoided by temperature control and constant stirring so the starch
granules do not settle at the bottom of the cooking pan.
A. Scorching C. Thinning of Gel.
B. Skin formation D.Weak gelling
24. Food stuff has a required shelf life and storing requirement. Which of the
following food item can be stored in the refrigerator for 2 or 3 days?
A.Cooked pasta C. Fresh pasta
B.Dried pasta D. Frozen pasta
25. FIFO stands for ___________
A. Fan In Fan On C. First In First Out
B. First In Fight Out D. Fit In Fit Out
B. Give one risk in the preparation and cooking of starch, cereal dishes and other
foods and give some guidelines pertaining to food safety. (26-30)
SCOR CRITERIA
E
QUARTER II
PREPARE VEGETABLE AND SEAFOOD DISHES
155
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Overview
This quarter will guide you, learners to acquire the essential knowledge and
competencies and develop your skills with understanding in the preparation,
cooking, presentation, and storing vegetables and seafood dishes.
Products/performances required in every activity will help you to practice gained
understanding.
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. perform Mise’en place;
2. prepare and cook vegetable and seafood dishes;
3. present vegetable and seafood dishes; and
4. store vegetable and seafood dishes.
Pretest 2
Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter
that best describes the statement. Write your answer in your test
notebook.
1. Which of the following vegetables is rich in carbohydrates?
A. legumes, peas, and beans C. Mushroom, tomatoes, and radish
B. Nuts, olives, and avocado D. Seeds, roots, and tubers
2. What is the flavor component of vegetables which gives strong flavor and odor to
some vegetables like onions, leeks, garlic, chives, cabbage, and broccoli?
A. Flavonoids C. Sugar
C. Glutamic acid D. Sulfur compounds
3. Which tool is used to drain excess water after washing vegetables?
A. Bowls C. Steamer
B. Colander D. Utility tray
4. Which of the following is cooking by placing blanched or raw vegetables in the
pan, adding liquid (stock, water, wine) then covering and cooking it slowly?
A. Boiling C. Braising
156
LM-Cookery Grade 10
B. Baking D. Sautéing
5. Which fat soluble compound is responsible for the green coloring of plants?
A. Anthocyanins C. Chlorophyll
B. Carotenoids D. Lycopene
6. Mrs. Cabrillas needs more supply of Vitamin A. which of the following will she eat
to give her the nutrient she needs?
A. Alugbati C. Lettuce
B. Potatoes D. Saluyot
7. Which of the following plating styles is not a classic arrangement?
A. The starch or vegetable item is heaped in the center while the main item is
sliced and leaned up against it.
B. The main item in the center, with vegetable distributed around it.
C. The vegetable item in front and main item, starch item and garnish at the rear.
D. The main item is in the center with neat piles of vegetables carefully arranged
around.
8. Chef Shaneshan will cook chopsuey. She is about to remove the hard core of a
cabbage. Which of the following knife will she use?
A. Butcher knife C. Cutting knife
B. Channel knife D. Paring knife
9. What kind of knife is used in removing the hard core of a cabbage?
A. Butcher knife C. Cutting knife
B. Channel knife D. Paring knife
10. At what temperature in a dry, dark place should potatoes and onions be stored?
A. 50 – 650F C. 60 – 850F
0
B. 40 – 45 F D. 70 – 950F
11. Which of the following vegetables is cooked uncovered?
A. Fruit vegetables C. Roots and tubers
B. Green vegetables D. Yellow vegetables
12. Which kind of fish has no internal bone structure?
A. Fin fish C. Round fish
B. Freshwater fish D. Shell fish
Overview
Vegetables are plants or parts of plants like leaves, fruits, tubers, roots, bulbs,
stems, shoots, and flower used in a dish either raw or cooked. Vegetables give color,
texture and flavor to our meals. They also give vitamins and minerals.
Vegetables provide nutrients vital for health and maintenance of your body.
Eating vegetables provides health benefits to people like reduced risk of some
chronic diseases including heart attack and stroke, protect them against certain
types of cancers, reduce obesity and type two diabetes, lower blood pressures,
reduce the risk of developing kidney stones and help decrease bone loss.
159
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Classifications of Vegetables
Gourd family
- cucumber, pumpkin, chayote
160
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1.
Fruit Vegetables
- avocado, eggplant, sweet pepper, tomato
Cabbage family
- cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, bokchoy
161
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Oni
o n
family
- onion, scallion, leek, garlic, shallot
Leafy greens
- spinach, lettuce
Mushrooms
162
LM-Cookery Grade 10
163
LM-Cookery Grade 10
bowls
utility tray
- used to hold ingredients
steamer
- for steaming vegetables
164
LM-Cookery Grade 10
2. Glutamic Acid –
This forms a product called monosodium glutamate when combined
with salt. It is found in large amount from young and fresh vegetables.
3. Sulfur compounds –
Give the characteristic strong flavor and odor of some vegetables like
onions, leeks, garlic, chives, cabbage and broccoli.
Color Components
1. Chlorophyll – a fat soluble compound responsible for the green color of
plants. When combined with acid, it forms pheophytin which produces
an olive green color.
When combine with alkali, it forms chlorophyllins which
produces a more intense green color. The addition of baking soda when
cooking that results to brighter green color, is an example.
3. Flavonoids
3.1 - Anthoxanthin – responsible for the yellow pigments
3.2 - Anthocyanins – responsible for red and blue to violet pigments
(beets) Tube, eggplants
165
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. Freshness
Fresh vegetables should be crisp and bright in colors.
5. Variety
166
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Vegetables are good sources of food nutrients that are very important in everyday
meals.
1. Vitamin A
-Green leafy vegetables are sources of vitamin A.
Example:
alugbati
ampalaya leaves
kalabasa leaves
malunggay
petchay
sili leaves
2. Vitamin C
Example:
cabbage – type vegetables
bell peppers
lettuce
potatoes
dark green and yellow vegetables
3. Vitamin B – complex
Beans and leafy greens are rich sources of vitamin B – complex
167
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Example:
ampalaya tops
kulitis
pepper leaves
saluyot
dried beans
4. Complex carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates are carbohydrate molecules with more
than 20 – sugar residue. They are called as polysaccharide.
Functions of Carbohydrate:
1. Source of energy ( protein sparing and prevents ketosis)
2. Source of B-vitamins for CHO metabolism
3. Type of carbohydrate chosen determines:
Fiber content
Glycemic load of diet
Nutrient density and phytochemical content
Example:
wheat bran
whole grain breads and cereals
cabbage
carrots
Brussels sprouts
168
LM-Cookery Grade 10
2. Soaking
Do not soak vegetables for long periods to prevent flavor and nutrient loss.
Cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower may be soaked for 30 minutes in cold salted
water to eliminate insects.
Limp vegetables can be soaked briefly in cold water to restore crispness.
3. Peeling
and Cutting
Peel vegetables as thinly as possible.
Cut vegetables into uniform pieces for even cooking
Treat vegetables that brown easily with acid (potatoes, eggplants, sweet
potato) or hold under water until ready to use.
Save edible trim for soups, stocks and purees.
169
LM-Cookery Grade 10
170
LM-Cookery Grade 10
171
LM-Cookery Grade 10
B. Trimming Asparagus
172
LM-Cookery Grade 10
C. Preparing Avocados
1. Grip the avocado gently on one side with one hand, cut
the avocado lengthwise around the seed.
173
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. Pull off any bruised or wilted outer leaves from a red or green cabbage head.
174
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. To remove the paper skin of garlic, cut off the base of the
clove.
175
LM-Cookery Grade 10
F. Cleaning leeks
176
LM-Cookery Grade 10
3. Slice them
crosswise.
177
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Formative Assessment
Directions: Identify and classify the given pictures. Write your answer in the
appropriate column.
Name Classification
1.
2.
178
LM-Cookery Grade 10
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B. Directions: Identify the different methods of preparing fresh vegetables. Write the
correct method on the space provided.
179
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
6.
7.
4. Changes in nutrients
A. Carbohydrate
- moist heat cooking – gelatinization of starch
- dry heat cooking – dextrinization of starch
- carmelization of sugar
B. Protein become more soluble and digestible
C. Vitamin may be destroyed in heat like vitamin C
D. Minerals are washed into the cooking liquid or oxidized
181
LM-Cookery Grade 10
2. Appearance on plate
Cut neatly and uniformly
Attractively arranged with appropriate combinations and garnishes
3. Texture
Cooked to the right degree of doneness
Crisp – tender, not overcooked and mushy
Potatoes, squash, sweet potatoes, tomatoes should be cooked through
with smooth texture
4. Flavor
Natural flavor and sweetness
Strong – flavored vegetables should be pleasantly mild, with no off flavors
or bitterness
5. Seasonings
Seasonings should not mask the natural flavors
6. Sauces
Do not use heavily. Vegetable should not be greasy
7. Vegetable combinations
Vegetables should be cooked separately for different cooking times, and
then combined
Combine acid vegetables like tomatoes, to green vegetables just before
service to prevent discoloration of greens.
182
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Drain vegetables and place half the liquid in a cooking pot, and bring to
boil.
Add vegetables and heat to serving time. Do not boil for a long time.
183
LM-Cookery Grade 10
184
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Lyonnaise – onions
Nicoise – tomatoes concasse cooked with garlic
Parmientier – potatoes
Princesse – asparagus
Provençale – tomatoes with garlic, parsley and sometimes
mushrooms or olives
SCOR CRITERIA
E
185
LM-Cookery Grade 10
3. Braising
The blanched or raw vegetable, is placed in
the pan then liquid is added (stock, water, wine)
to cover vegetables, then cooked slowly.
186
LM-Cookery Grade 10
4. Baking
Cooking starchy vegetables using heat of the
oven, rather than range top. Starchy
vegetables are baked because the dry heat
produces a desirable texture.
5. Deep – frying
Vegetables large enough to coat with
breading or batter may be fried. Quick –
cooking vegetables can be fried raw. Some,
may be precooked by simmering or steaming
briefly to reduce the cooking time in frying.
Directions: Find a partner and perform the different ways of cooking vegetables.
Choose at least 2 from the given recipes.
Boiling Vegetables
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Stove
Pots and pan
Chopping board
Knife
Strainer
Ladle
Ingredients:
Vegetables (any kind)
Water
Procedure:
Boiling Vegetables
187
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Steaming Vegetables
1. Trim and cut vegetables as required.
2. Pre-heat the steamer.
3. Arrange vegetables in pan or baskets for cooking. Make a shallow, even
layers for uniform cooking.
4. Steam for required time.
5. Remove vegetables from steamer.
6. Finish vegetables according to recipe and serve at once, or cool quickly.
Sautéing Vegetables
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Stove
Pots and pan
Ladle
188
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Strainer
Spatula
Ingredients:
Vegetables (any kind)
Procedure:
Sautéing Vegetables
1. Prepare vegetables as required.
2. Place sauté pan on high heat.
3. When pot is hot, add small amount of clarified butter, oil or other fat enough to
coat the bottom of the pan.
4. Add vegetables. Do not overload the pan, or the temperature will be lowered
too much and the vegetables will simmer instead of sauté.
5. After the heat has recovered, flip the pan to toss vegetables.
6. Continue to flip as necessary.
7. As soon as vegetables are cooked, remove from pan and serve.
Frying Vegetables
1. Prepare mise-en place. Use a griddle if only a small amount of fat is required.
2. Heat the pan and add fat, and let it heat.
3. Place prepared vegetables in the pan. Cook to desired degree of browning.
4. Turn vegetables with a spatula and continue to cook until done.
5. Remove from pan, and drain on absorbent paper to eliminate excess fat.
189
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Braising Vegetables
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Stove
Pots and pan
Strainer
Ladle
Ingredients:
Vegetables
Water or wine
Procedure:
1. Heat pan, add fat.
2. Place vegetables in a pan.
(Vegetables may or may not be cooked in fat before adding liquid)
3. Add liquid, stock, water or wine or combination of liquids.
4. Cover the pan and cook vegetables.
5. Remove from heat, and serve vegetables with the cooking liquid, or drained
off the liquid and reduced over high heat before serving to concentrate flavor.
190
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1 Was not able to follow the procedures in braising vegetables and performs
the skill unsatisfactorily.
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Oven, Stove
Fryer
Pots and pan
Baking pan
Ingredients:
Vegetables
Breading
Oil
Procedure:
Baking Vegetables
1. Collect all equipment and food products.
2. Prepare vegetables as required.
3. Place in appropriate pan and set in pre-heated oven.
4. Bake to desired doneness.
Deep-Frying Vegetables
1. Collect all equipment and food products.
2. Pre-heat fryer to proper temperature (325°F - 350°F).
3. Prepare food items as required. Apply breading or batter if necessary.
4. Place proper amount of food in fryer. Do not overload.
5. Fry to desired doneness.
6. Remove from pan. Drain to remove excess fat.
7. Serve at once or if necessary, hold uncovered in a warm place for the
shortest possible time.
191
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Performance Activity 2
Directions: Given the different recipes, follow the procedures by pair or by group.
Vegetable Tagliatelle
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Chopping board
Knife
Pots and pan
Coriander
Ladle
Ingredients:
450 grams zucchini, trimmed
450 grams. carrots, peeled and trimmed
450 grams. celery root, peeled
4tbsp. butter
Procedure:
1. Cut vegetables lengthwise into thin slices. About 1/8 inches thick, cut into
long thin strips to resemble flat noodles.
2. Blanch each vegetable separately into boiling salted water. Refresh under
cold water and drain.
3. Just before serving, heat butter in saucepan over moderate heat. Add
vegetables and toss in butter until hot.
192
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Sautéed Mushroom
Tools/Equipment Needed:
193
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Pan
Ladle
Plate
Ingredients:
1 1/2kg mushrooms, fresh
10 tbsp. clarified butter or
salt to taste
pepper to taste
Procedure:
1. Rinse the mushrooms quickly and dry them with towels. Trim off the
bottom of the stems and slice the mushrooms.
2. Heat sauté pans over high heat. Add fat to the pan.
3. Place mushrooms in the pan. Do not overload. Sauté over high heat until
browned. Do not overcook.
4. Season with salt and pepper.
Braised Celery
194
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Tool/Equipment Needed:
Chopping board
Knife
Pan
Ladle
Ingredients:
1 kg celery
4 tbsp butter
1 ½ pt. brown stock or chicken stock
salt to taste
pepper to taste
Procedure:
1. Trim and wash celery. Peel the outside part and use the tender inner
stems. Cut into 1 ½ inches lengths.
2. Heat the butter in a braising pot and add the celery. Cook over moderate
heat until the celery is just beginning to soften.
3. Add enough stock to cover the celery. Season with salt and pepper to
taste. Cover and cook slowly in an oven or range top until tender.
4. Drain the celery and keep it warm. Reduce the stock over high heat.
Adjust the seasonings and pour the sauce over the celery.
195
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Pan
Ladle
196
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Knife
Chopping board
Baking pan
Ingredients:
1.8 kg sweet potatoes
6 tbsp. water
¾c light corn syrup or maple syrup
6 tbsp. brown sugar
8 tbsp. orange juice
2 tbsp. lemon juice
2 tbsp. butter
½ tsp cinnamon
1/8 t ground cloves
¼t salt
Procedure:
1. Scrub sweet potatoes. Boil or steam until tender. Do not overcook.
2. Spread the potatoes on a sheet pan to cool.
3. Peel the potatoes when they are cool enough to handle. Cut into uniform
pieces. Arrange in a buttered baking pan.
4. Place water, syrup and sugar in a saucepan. Stir over heat until sugar is
dissolved. Add remaining ingredients and boil mixture to form heavy
syrup.
5. Pour syrup over potatoes.
6. Bake at 350°F until potatoes are thoroughly cooked and glazed, about 45
– 60 minutes.
197
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Ingredients:
½ kl stripped ubod
1 kl stripped sweet potato
½ kl carrot
½ kl cabbage
2 stalk celery
2 cups ground peanut
1 head garlic
2pcs onion
½ kl ground pork
1/4kl shrimps
2T fish sauce
1pc pork bouillon
Procedure:
1. Blanch the ubod first
2. Sauté the garlic and onion, put the ground pork and 2T fish sauce
198
LM-Cookery Grade 10
3. Pu
t
Sauce:
Ingredients:
½ kl sugar
1/4T fish sauce
½ cup ground peanut
¼ cup minced garlic
1 stalk chopped celery
¼ cup cornstarch mixed with ¼ cup water
1.5L water
Procedure:
1. Caramelized sugar, put 1.5 liter of water and let it boil
2. Put the minced garlic, celery and peanut
3. Let it boil
4. Thickened with cornstarch dispensed in water
2. Professional Skills
Ability to perform according to required standards
3. Visual Sense
Effective food presentation depends on the understanding of
techniques involving balance, arrangement, and garniture.
Balance
Select foods and garnishes that offer variety and contrast. This
should be applied to colors, shapes, textures and flavors.
Portion size
Match portion sizes and plates
Balance the portion sizes of the items on the plate
Arrangement on the plate
Many chefs display their creativity in plating presentations. One
important thing is, to keep in mind the convenience and comfort
of the diner when plating.
Classic arrangement:
1. Main item in front, vegetables, starch items and
garnish at the rear.
200
LM-Cookery Grade 10
4. A starch or vegetable item heaped in the center, the main item sliced and
leaning up against it.
Guidelines in Plating
201
LM-Cookery Grade 10
3. Keep space between items, unless, they are stacked on one another.
Arrange vegetable on plate, that every item should be identifiable.
4. Maintain unity.
Create a center of attention and relate everything to it.
7. Keep it simple.
Avoid making food too elaborate.
Vegetable Purees
1. Cook vegetable until soft, then drain
well.
2. In food processor, process vegetable to
smooth puree.
3. Add melted butter or margarine.
4. Season with salt and pepper and process
again.
5. Add whipping cream.
6.Using ice-cream scoop or spoon, shape puree
on heatproof plate and place in oven or
microwave until hot.
Ribbon Vegetables
202
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. With
Vegetable Rings
1. With sharp knife, cut 3 peppers, (green, yellow, red) and onion into rings.
2. Remove core, seeds and membranes from peppers.
3. Toss vegetables with melted butter or margarine.
4. Cook until tender – crisp.
5. Serve hot or refrigerate to serve chilled.
Photo Collection
Directions: Follow instructions below:
1. Make a photo album on the creative presentation techniques for
vegetable cookery.
2. It should contain a minimum of 10 pages and a maximum of 15
pages.
3. Label each creative presentation.
SCORE CRITERIA
4 Done creatively and neat enough with relevance to the given task
203
LM-Cookery Grade 10
2 Done simply and neat enough but not so relevant to the given
task
Directions: Prepare and present creatively a Stir Fried Mixed Vegetables applying
your own presentation design. Follow the procedures and ingredients given.
204
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Pan
Mixing Bowl
Ladle
Chopping Board
Knife
Plate for serving
Ingredients:
350 g Chinese cabbage, cut into chunks
8 dried black mushrooms, cut julienne
4tbsp. carrots, cut julienne
4tbsp baby corn, drained
4 scallions, cut into shreds
4tbsp oil
1 garlic cloves, crushed
2 slices ginger root
½t salt
12tbsp water or chicken stock
1/8 c cornstarch
12tbsp water, cold
½t sesame oil
Procedure:
1. Heat oil in a wok.
2. Add garlic.
3. Add ginger and salt.
4. Add cabbage and stir fry.
5. Add the remaining vegetables except shredded cabbage. Continue to stir
fry for 1 -2 minutes, then add shredded cabbage.
6. Add the stock, soy sauce, and cook until vegetables are crispy.
7. Mix cornstarch with cold water, then stir into vegetables to thicken the
sauce.
8. Stir the sesame oil and serve at once.
205
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Fresh Vegetables
1. Potatoes and onions are stored at cool temperature. (50 -65°F) in a dry, dark
place.
2. Other vegetables must be refrigerated. To prevent drying they should be kept
covered or wrapped.
3. Peeled and cut vegetables should be covered or wrapped, and use quickly to
prevent spoilage.
4. Potatoes, eggplants and other vegetables that brown when cut should be
treated with an acid or blanched them to inactivate the enzyme that cause
browning. Raw, cut potatoes are held in cold water for a short time.
5. Store all fresh vegetables for a short time.
206
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Frozen Vegetables
1. Store at 0°F (-18°C). or colder in original container until ready for use.
2. Do not refreeze thawed vegetables.
Dried Vegetables
1. Store in a cool (less than 75°F) dry, well ventilated place.
2. Keep well sealed and off the floor.
Canned Vegetables
1. Keep in a cool dry place, away from sunlight and off the floor.
2. Discard cans that show signs of damage (swollen, badly dented rusted cans).
Leftovers
1. Don’t mix batches.
2. Store leftover creamed vegetables for one day only. Before storing, cool
rapidly by placing the container on ice.
207
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Overview
Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans. Seafood includes
fish and shellfish. Shellfish include various species of mollusks, crustaceans, and
echinoderms. A wide variety of fish and seafood are available in the market from
208
LM-Cookery Grade 10
many different sources. There are so many methods for cooking seafood, most of
them are fast and easy, making them the perfect choice for a quick and healthy
meal. This lesson provides information about fish and shellfish, ways on preparing
and cooking fish, along with some of the most popular seafood recipes, and
presenting and storing seafood.
Classifications of Seafood
Bluefish
Cod
Grouper
B. Freshwater fish
Cat fish
Eel
Tilapia
2. Shell fish – fish with external shells but no internal bone structure. They have
hard outer shells.
210
LM-Cookery Grade 10
211
LM-Cookery Grade 10
212
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Parts of a Fish
1. Fat Fish -- are those that are high in fat. (salmon, tuna, trout, mackerel)
2. Lean Fish – are those that are low in fat. (sole, cod, red snapper, bass)
Market Forms
213
LM-Cookery Grade 10
214
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Shellfish
Characteristics
Mollusks
Oysters have rough, irregular shells.
Flesh of oyster is extremely soft and delicate and contains high
percentage of water.
Hard-shell clams – can be eaten raw
Soft-shell clams are called steamers. The usual way to cook is to
steam.
The shells of mussels are not as heavy as clamshells, yellow to orange
in color and firm but tender when cooked.
Scallops are creamy white in color and have a sweet flavor.
Squid is somewhat chewy and are cut up or either fried quickly.
Crustaceans
The lobster shell is dark green or bluish green but turns red when
cooked.
Live lobster must be alive when cooked.
Market Forms
Mollusks
1. live in the shell
2. shucked – fresh or frozen
3. canned
Crustaceans
1. live
2. cooked meat, fresh or frozen
215
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Directions: Identify the market forms of fish. Write your answer in your test
notebook.
1. _________ 2. ____________
216
LM-Cookery Grade 10
3. __________ 4. ____________
5. __________ 6. ____________
7.__________
Fin Fish
1. Fresh and mild odor
Shellfish
1. Oysters, clams, mussels in the shell must be alive. Tightly closed shells when
jostled.
2. Live or shucked oysters must have a very mild, sweet smell.
3. Discard any mussels that are very light in weight or seem to be hollow.
4. Strong fishy odor or a brownish color is a sign of age or spoilage.
218
LM-Cookery Grade 10
5.
Fresh Fish
1. Store on crushed ice. Use drip pans to allow for
drainage of melted ice. Change ice daily. Cover
container or store in separate box away from other foods.
Whole fish should be drawn because entrails deteriorate
rapidly.
Cut fish should be wrapped or left in original moisture-
proof wrap.
2. In refrigerated box at 30° to 34°F (-1° to 1°C.
219
LM-Cookery Grade 10
3. Fresh fish may be stored for 1 to 2 days. If kept longer, wrap and freeze
immediately.
Frozen Fish
1. Frozen products should be frozen, not thawed
when received.
2. Items should be well wrapped, with no freezer
burn.
3. Store at 0°F (-18°C. or colder.
4. Maximum storage time
Fat fish -- 2 months
Lean fish -- 6 months
5. Rotate stock – first in, first out
5. Breaded, battered and other frozen prepared fish items are mostly cooked
from frozen state.
Shellfish
1. MUSSELS
Keep refrigerated (32°F to 35°F/0° to 2°C).
and protect from light. Store in original sack and
keep sack damp.
2. SCALLOPS
220
LM-Cookery Grade 10
3. LOBSTERS
Live lobsters are either live or cup up before cooking.
Live lobsters are plunged head first into boiling water, then
simmered for 5 – 6 minutes. If served hot, they are drained well
and split in half, and claws are cracked.
Live lobsters can be kept in two ways
1. packed in moist seaweed, kept in a
cool place
2. in saltwater
Cooked lobster meat must be covered and refrigerated
at 30° to 34°F. It is very perishable and should be used
in 1 – 2 days.
4. SHRIMPS
Kept frozen at 0°F (-18°C). or lower
Thaw in refrigerator
Peeled shrimp should be wrapped before
placing on ice
Shrimp served hot must be peeled and
deveined before cooking
Shrimp to be served cold, must be peeled after
cooking to preserve flavor.
5. CRABS
Live crabs should be kept alive until
cooked.
Frozen crabmeat is very perishable when
thawed. It must be treated like any other
frozen fish.
221
LM-Cookery Grade 10
SCORE CRITERIA
5 Done creatively and neatly showing much relevance to the given topic
4 Done creatively and neat enough with relevance to the given topic
3 Done creatively and neat enough but no relevance to the given topic
2 Done simply and neat enough but not so relevant to the given topic
222
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Are you ready for cooking? Fasten your seatbelt and carry on.
Principles of cooking fish and seafood dishes (dry heat and moist heat
cookery)
Variety of shellfish and fish dishes
Fish is very delicate and easily overcooked. During cooking, test for doneness
must be observed.
1. The fish just separates into flakes
2. If bone is present, the flesh separates from the bone, and the bone is no
longer pink
3. The flesh becomes opaque (usually white)
Lean fish
Lean fish has almost no fat, so it easily becomes dry. It is best served with
sauces to enhance moistness and gives richness.
Poaching is the moist heat method suited
Fish should be basted with butter or oil if broiled or baked.
Lean fish maybe fried or sautéed to gain palatability from added fat.
Fat fish
The fat in fish, enables them to tolerate more heat without becoming dry.
Fat fish can be cooked by poaching.
Fat fish are well suited to broiling and baking. The dry heat methods
eliminate excessive oiliness.
Large fat fish like salmon, and mackerel may be cooked in fat, but care
should be taken to avoid excessive greasiness.
Shellfish
Cook oyster just enough to heat thoroughly to keep it juicy and plump.
Clams become tough and rubbery if overcooked
Shrimps like other shellfish, become tough and rubbery when cooked at high
temperature.
223
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Once your work area and fish are ready, you can begin the actual scaling process.
224
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Filleting Fish
225
LM-Cookery Grade 10
226
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Skinning Fish
When filleting or skinning fish keep the skinning knife clean and wet, this
lubricates the blade and gives a much cleaner cut, more control of the knife and far
less drag on the sides of the blade.
227
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Deboning Fish
228
LM-Cookery Grade 10
The fillet is now deboned and the piece on the right of the picture above is
discarded or washed and put aside with the fish heads and back bones for making
fish stock
A. Opening Oyster
Hold oyster cup side down and hinge pointed towards you.
1. Insert oyster knife at hinge slowly but firmly
and push the knife between the shells. Use a
slight side to side rocking movement with your
knife as you push in.
229
LM-Cookery Grade 10
B. Opening Clams
230
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Cleaning a Squid
231
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Splitting a Lobster
A lobster split is not only an attractive style for presentation, but also enables
easy access to the delicious meat inside. Turn the lobster around and continue the
cut through the center of the head.
233
LM-Cookery Grade 10
The following will be the different activities that you need to undertake:
By group you will do collaborative learning and study the step by step
procedures on how to perform scaling, filleting, skinning, deboning, opening
oyster, opening clams, cleaning a squid, and splitting lobster. Be ready for a
demonstration.
You can watch a video in You Tube or visit markets to see actual
demonstration for deeper learning.
Bring the materials needed for the purpose of demonstration of the lesson.
You will demonstrate the different ways of preparing fish and seafood prior to
the cooking activities.
Guidelines for Baking Fish
1. Fat fish are best for baking because they are less likely to dry out.
2. Lean fish may be baked but care should be taken not to overcook it. Basting
with butter or oil helps prevent drying.
3. Baking temperature is 350°F to 400°F.
4. Served baked fish with a sauce or seasoned butter to enhance moistness and
improve palatability.
235
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Directions: Perform the given recipe. Your performance will be rated using the given
rubric below.
236
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Broiler, griller
Brush
Baking Sheet
Ingredients:
680 g large shrimp, peeled and deveined, tails left on, patted dry
1 tablespoon olive oil
2 cloves garlic, minced
Coarse salt and ground pepper
2 tablespoons freshly squeezed lemon juice
2 tablespoons chopped fresh parsley
Lemon wedges, for serving
Procedure:
1. Heat broiler with rack set 4 inches from heat. Place shrimp on a large broiler
proof rimmed baking sheet.
2. Sprinkle with oil and garlic, and season generously with salt and pepper; toss
to coat. Arrange shrimp in a single layer.
3. Broil until opaque throughout, 3 to 4 minutes. Sprinkle with lemon juice and
parsley; toss to combine. Serve immediately; garnish with lemon wedges.
4 Can perform the skill without supervision and with initiative and
adaptability to problem situations.
3 Can perform the skill satisfactorily without assistance or
supervision.
2 Can perform the skill satisfactorily but requires some assistance
237
LM-Cookery Grade 10
and/or supervision.
1 Can perform parts of the skill satisfactorily, but requires
considerable assistance and/or supervision.
Directions: Given the different recipes by group prepare and cook fish and shellfish.
Your performance will be evaluated using the given rubric.
238
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Mixing bowl
Ladle
Pan
Spatula
Ingredients:
Fish
Emeril's Fish Rub (or any combination of seasonings you like)
2 tbs. butter
Lemon juice
Procedure:
1. Season all the fillets by sprinkling the seasoning and pressing it into the meat.
2. Get a spatula to handle the fish. If you have 10-12" filets cut them in half
unless you're using a fish spatula
3. Heat the pan on medium heat and add the butter. When the butter is melted
put some fish in the pan. Leave it on one side for about three to four minutes.
5. Flip one piece to check the brownness. If it's partially browned flip them all
and continue to cook until the other side is browned.
7. Once it's out of the pan put six or eight drops of lemon juice on each piece.
You may use other sauces if you want.
Note: Testing the degree of doneness is as simple as taking your spatula and
gently pushing on the thickest part of the fillet in the spinal bone line. When
done, meat separates when you gently push with spatula.
239
LM-Cookery Grade 10
4 Can perform the skill without supervision and with initiative and
adaptability to problem situations.
3 Can perform the skill satisfactorily without assistance or
supervision.
2 Can perform the skill satisfactorily but requires some assistance
and/or supervision.
1 Can perform parts of the skill satisfactorily, but requires
considerable assistance and/or supervision.
Guidelines in Deep-Frying
1. Lean fish, both whole or small portions, and shellfish like shrimps, clams and
oysters are best for deep-frying.
4. Fried fish is usually served with lemon or cold sauce such as tartar,
remoulade or cocktail sauce on the side.
5. The oil used should be enough to submerge the food item during frying.
Tools/Equipment Needed:
240
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Stove
Mixing bowls
Ladle
Refrigerator
Baking sheet
Food tong
Ingredients:
1 cup self-rising cornmeal
1/2 cup self-rising flour
3/4 tsp table salt
1/2 tsp powdered white pepper
1/3 tsp cayenne pepper (optional)
1/4 tsp garlic salt
2 tbsp. peanut oil
1 large egg
1 tsp cool tap water
Procedure:
1. Use a small bowl and prepare an egg wash by mixing 1 large egg with 1 tsp of
water.
2. In another bowl, place the cornmeal, flour, salt, pepper, cayenne pepper, garlic
salt, and blend well. This breading recipe will bread about 2 pounds of fillets.
3. Rinse the fillets and pat dry, then place them into the refrigerator for about 30
minutes.
4. Place the fillets in the egg wash, then the Breading Mix before placing them on
the prepared cookie sheet.
5. Prepare the cookie sheet by spreading the peanut oil evenly on the sheet.
6. The oven should be pre\-heated to 375. Cook the fillets 5 minutes on each side
241
LM-Cookery Grade 10
4 Can perform the skill without supervision and with initiative and
adaptability to problem situations.
3 Can perform the skill satisfactorily without assistance or
supervision.
2 Can perform the skill satisfactorily but requires some assistance
and/or supervision.
1 Can perform parts of the skill satisfactorily, but requires
considerable assistance and/or supervision.
You did a great cooking. It’s time to plate and present your dish. Go on and
enjoy learning and doing.
Part of serving any kind of food is presentation. You don’t have to be a trained
chef to learn the basics of plating, which is the art of presenting food in an attractive
way. The following topics and activities will help you learn the fundamentals of
plating and perform it for better understanding.
Fundamental of Plating
1. Balance – select foods and garnishes that offer variety and contrast
2. Portion size
match portion sizes and plates – select plates large enough to hold all the
items without crowding
242 Let’s Do it!
LM-Cookery Grade 10
balance the portion sizes of the items on the plate – don’t let the main
item get lost with excessive garnish
arrangement on the plate –
243
LM-Cookery Grade 10
244
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Glazing
Poached fish is sometimes glazed before
serving
1. Combine the finished sauce with
eggyolk, hollandaise sauce or lightly
whipped cream.
2. Coat the fish with the sauce and run
the plate under a broiler until the
sauce is golden brown.
1. Balance
2. Portion size
5. Garnishes
245
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Oven
Baking sheet
Brush
Fork
Plate
Ingredients:
3 fish steaks, 1” thick
246
LM-Cookery Grade 10
½ tsp. salt
Dash of pepper
2 tsp. lemon juice
2 tbsp. butter, melted
Procedure:
1. Sprinkle both sides of fish with salt, pepper and lemon juice.
2. Brush with half of the butter.
3. Put fish in broiler pan in 550 degree oven, don’t cover.
4. Broil with tops about 4 inches from heat until light brown.
5. Brush fish with butter turn very carefully.
6. Brush with rest of the butter.
7. Broil until fish flakes easily with fork, 4 – 6 more minutes.
Poached Fillet of Sole in White Wine Sauce
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Pan
Baking dish
Food tong
Spoon
Broiler/oven
Ingredients:
2 lbs. sole fillets
2 lbs. spinach, cooked and drained
½ C. dry white wine
1 C. fish stock
3 tbsp. butter
4 tbsp. flour
1 C. grated cheese
Salt and pepper
Procedure:
1. Roll and secure each fillet with toothpicks
2. Poached for 8 minutes in wine/fish stock
247
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Sauce
1. Melt butter
2. Blend in flour, salt and pepper and fish liquid
3. Assemble butter in shallow serving dish
4. Arrange spinach on bottom
5. Cover with poached fish (remove toothpicks
6. Spoon sauce over fish
7. Sprinkle with cheese
8. Broil under hot broiler a few minutes
4 Can perform the skill without supervision and with initiative and
adaptability to problem situations.
3 Can perform the skill satisfactorily without assistance or
supervision.
2 Can perform the skill satisfactorily but requires some assistance
and/or supervision.
1 Can perform parts of the skill satisfactorily, but requires
considerable assistance and/or supervision.
248
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Frozen Fish
1. Store at 0°F (-18°C. or colder.
2. Keep well wrapped to prevent freezer burn
3. Maximum storage time: Fat fish – 2
months; Lean fish – 6 months.
4. Rotate stock – first in, first out.
Shellfish
A. Oyster
1. Keep live oyster in a cold, wet place in the
cartons or sacks.
2. Store fresh shucked oysters in original
container in refrigerator at 30° to 34°F (-1°
to 1°C). They will keep up to 1 week.
3. Keep frozen oysters in freezer at 0°F (-
18°C. or colder, until ready for use.
249
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct letter of
your answer in your test notebook. Items in column B may be answered twice or
more.
Column A Column B
1. Removed viscera first before storing A. fresh fish
2. Wrapped to prevent freezer burns B. frozen fish
3. Kept in cold, wet cartons C. lobster and shrimp
4. Packed in moist seaweed D. shellfish
5. First in, first out e. all of the above
6. Wrapped before freezing
7. Left in original moisture proof wrapped
8. Refrigerate at 30° to 34°F (-1° to 1°C)
9. Store at 0°F ( -18°C. or colder)
10. Stored for 1 to 2 days
Directions: Perform experimental fish cookery. Make your own recipe and prepare,
cook and present the product. Explain how to properly store your output. Your
performance will be evaluated using the given rubric.
4 Can perform the skill without supervision and with initiative and
adaptability to problem situations.
3 Can perform the skill satisfactorily without assistance or
supervision.
2 Can perform the skill satisfactorily but requires some assistance
and/or supervision.
1 Can perform parts of the skill satisfactorily, but requires
considerable assistance and/or supervision.
250
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Post Test 2
Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter
that best describes the statement. Write your answer in your test
notebook.
1. Which of the following vegetables is rich in carbohydrates?
A. legumes, peas, and beans C. Mushroom, tomatoes, and radish
B. Nuts, olives, and avocado D. Seeds, roots, and tubers
2. What is the flavor component of vegetables which gives strong flavor and odor to
some vegetables like onions, leeks, garlic, chives, cabbage, and broccoli?
A. Flavonoids C. Sugar
C. Glutamic acid D. Sulfur compounds
3. Which tool is used to drain excess water after washing vegetables?
A. Bowls C. Steamer
B. Colander D. Utility tray
4. Which of the following is cooking by placing blanched or raw vegetables in the
pan, adding liquid (stock, water, wine) then covering and cooking it slowly?
A. Boiling C. Braising
B. Baking D. Sautéing
5. Which fat soluble compound is responsible for the green coloring of plants?
A. Anthocyanins C. Chlorophyll
B. Carotenoids D. Lycopene
6. Mrs. Cabrillas needs more supply of Vitamin A. which of the following will she eat
to give her the nutrient she needs?
A.Alugbati C. Lettuce
B. Potatoes D.Saluyot
7. Which of the following plating styles is not a classic arrangement?
A. The starch or vegetable item is heaped in the center while the main item is
sliced and leaned up against it.
B. The main item in the center, with vegetable distributed around it.
C. The vegetable item in front and main item, starch item and garnish at the rear.
D. The main item is in the center with neat piles of vegetables carefully arranged
around.
8. Chef Shaneshan will cook chopsuey. She is about to remove the hard core of a
cabbage. Which of the following knife will she use?
A. Butcher knife C. Cutting knife
B. Channel knife D. Paring knife
9. What kind of knife is used in removing the hard core of a cabbage?
A. Butcher knife C. Cutting knife
B. Channel knife D. Paring knife
10. At what temperature in a dry, dark place should potatoes and onions be stored?
A. 50 – 650F C. 60 – 850F
251
LM-Cookery Grade 10
B. 40 – 450F D. 70 – 950F
11. Which of the following vegetables is cooked uncovered?
A. Fruit vegetables C. Roots and tubers
B. Green vegetables D. Yellow vegetables
12. Which kind of fish has no internal bone structure?
A. Fin fish C. Round fish
B. Freshwater fish D. Shell fish
13. Which of the following fish is high in fat?
A. Bass C. Mackerel
B. Cod D. Red Snapper
14. Which of the following fish is low in fat?
A. Cod C. Trout
B. Salmon D. Tuna
15. Which market form of fish is viscera, head, tail and fins are removed?
A. Butterfly C. Fillet
B. Dressed D. Sticks
16. Which of the following is a freshwater fish?
A. Bluefish C. Grouper
B. Cat fish D. Sole
17. Which market form of fish are both sides of a fish still joined but bones are
removed?
A. Butterfly C. Fillet
B. Drawn D. Steak
18. Which of the following is the second step in scaling whole fish?
A. Begin to rake the scales from the tail towards the head.
B. Remove the scales on both sides of the fish.
C. Hold the fish down firmly with your hand near its head.
D. Lay your fish flat on the board.
QUARTER 3
PREPARE STOCKS, SAUCES AND SOUPS, AND POULTRY
AND GAME DISHES
Overview
This quarter will enable students or learners to acquire competencies in:
preparing, storing, reconstituting and evaluating stocks, sauces and soups; cooking,
plating/presenting, and storing poultry and game dishes, preparing, cooking,
plating/presenting and storing meat dishes.
253
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Objectives:
At the end of the quarter students are expected to:
1. prepare stocks required for menu item;
2. prepare soups required for menu item;
3. prepare sauce required for menu item;
4. store and reconstitute stocks, sauces and soups;
5. perform mise’en place;
6. cook poultry and meat dishes;
7. plate and present poultry and meat dishes;
8. evaluate finished products; and
9. store poultry and meat.
Pre-Test
Directions: Read and understand the statements/questions below. Choose the letter
of the correct answer and write it in your test notebook.
1. As a chef of a fine dining restaurant, Genie simmers meat, fish, and vegetables.
Which of the following liquids is a by-product after the different food stuffs have
been simmered?
A. glaze C. stock
B. sauce D. water
2. Which of the following stocks uses veal bone as its main ingredient?
A. brown stock C. prawn stock
B. ham stock D. white stock
3. What kind of stock uses fish as its main ingredient?
A. brown stock C. glace viande
B. fish stock D. ham stock
4. What stock uses chicken bone as its main ingredient?
A. fish stock C. prawn stock
B. ham stock D. chicken stock
5. Among the different types of stock, which one is the easiest to prepare?
A. brown stock C. white stock
B. fish stock D. vegetable stock
6. What stock is made by boiling prawn shell?
254
LM-Cookery Grade 10
14. Which among the four basic sauces has a chief ingredient of chicken broth
thickened with flour and enriched with butter seasoning?
A. Hollandaise sauce C. veloute sauce
B. savory butter D. white sauce
15. Which of the four basic sauces has three basic ingredients like butter, egg yolk,
and lemon juice with seasoning for accent?
A. Hollandaise sauce C. white sauce
B. savory butter D. veloute sauce
16. Which of the four basic sauces has a basic ingredient like butter that is creamed
and blended with other ingredients to give individual flavor?
A. Hollandaise sauce C. veloute sauce
B. savory butter D. white sauce
17. Which of the following is not a thickening agent?
A. dairy cream C. flour
B. egg D. spice
18. What do you call birds that are hunted for food?
A. game C. poultry
255
LM-Cookery Grade 10
B. livestock D. swine
19. Which of the following poultry originated from China and is noted for its tender
and flavorful meat?
A. chicken C. itik
B. goose D. pecking duck
20. What do you call to young immature pigeon of either sex with extra tender meat
is called___.
A. duck C. rooster
B. fryer D. squab
21. Poultry is composed of different parts. Which of the following do breast meat
belong?
A. dark meat C. variety meat
B. tough meat D. white meat
22. Which of the following characteristics is a good quality of a live poultry?
A. free from pin feathers and shows no cuts
B. has clear eye
C. heavy and the skin is watery
D. well-develop thighs
23. What do you call to young chicken that is usually 9 to 12 weeks of age?
A. fryer C. roaster
B. hen D. stag
24. How many days should a whole chicken should be refrigerated?
A. 1 day C. 2 to 4 days
B. 1 to 2 days D. 3 to 4 days
25. How do you classify the fleshy part of chicken like breast?
A. entrails C. viscera
B. dark meat D. white meat
26. In cookery, we apply different cooking methods depending on the ingredients
that we have. If you will cook a matured poultry, which of the following methods
will you apply?
A. boiling C. roasting
B. frying D. stewing
27. What cookery method is suitable for the less tender cuts?
A. boiling C. roasting
B. frying D. stewing
28. What is the best cooking temperature for poultry?
A. high temperature C. low to moderate temperature
B. low temperature D. moderate temperature
29. What factor affects the poultry meat’s tenderness and juiciness?
A. age C. cuts
B. cookery D. sex
30. Which of the following can be done to prevent drying when reheating?
A. cook using sauces and gravy
256
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Overview:
This lesson covers the skills, knowledge, and attitudes required to prepare
various stocks, sauces, and soup in a commercial kitchen or catering operation
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this Lesson you are expected to do the following:
1. prepare stocks for required menu items;
2. prepare soups required for menu items;
3. prepare sauces required for menu items;
4. store and reconstitute stocks, sauces and soups; and
5. evaluate the finished product
Stocks- are among the most basic preparations found in professional kitchen.
They are referred to in French as fonds de cuisine, or “the foundation of cooking.” It
is a flavorful liquid prepared by simmering meaty bones from meat or poultry,
seafood and/or vegetables in water with aromatics until their flavor, aroma, color and
body, and nutritive value are extracted.
Classification of Stocks
258
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. Bones
259
LM-Cookery Grade 10
2. Mirepoix
4. Scraps and left-over -Scraps may be used in stocks if they are clear,
wholesome, and appropriate to the stock being made.
260
LM-Cookery Grade 10
261
LM-Cookery Grade 10
262
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Directions: Choose any of the given stocks and prepare following the given
procedure. Your performance and output will be rated using the given rubric.
White stock
263
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Ingredients:
4 -5 kg bones; chicken, veal or beef
1L water, cold
Mirepoix
450 g onion, chopped
16 tbsp. carrot, chopped
16 tbsp. celery, chopped
Bouquet Garni
1 pc dried bay leaf
¼ tsp Dried thyme
¼ tsp peppercorns
6-8 stems parsley
2 whole cloves
Procedure:
1. Cut the bones into pieces, 3 to 4 inches long for easy extraction.
2. Rinse in cold water to remove impurities that cloud the stock.
3. Place the bones in the stockpot and cover with cold water to speed extraction.
264
LM-Cookery Grade 10
4. Bring water to a boil and then, reduce to simmer. Skim the scum that comes
from the surface for a clear stock. Do not let the stock boil because it makes the
stock cloudy.
5. Keep the water level above the bones because bones cooked while exposed to
air will turn dark and darken the stock. Also, bones will not release flavor into the
water.
6. Add the mirepoix.
7. Simmer for recommended length of time:
8. Strain through several layers of cheesecloth.
9. Cool the stock as quickly as possible by:
Setting the pot in a sink and allow cold water to flow under the pot and
around it.
Stirring the pot occasionally so all the stock cools evenly.
10. When cooled, refrigerate the stock properly in covered containers for 2-3 days. If
properly frozen, it will last for several months.
OVERALL EVALUATION
Directions: Level
You will be rated based on the 3 - Can perform the skill satisfactorily
evaluation on the right side. without assistance or supervision.
265
LM-Cookery Grade 10
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
For acceptable achievement, all items should 1 2 3 4
receive an answer.
1. Cut the bones into pieces, 3 to 4 inches long.
266
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Ingredients:
4 ½ kg. bones; chicken, veal or beef
10-12 qtr. water, cold
Mirepoix
450 g onion, chopped
16 tbsp. carrot, chopped
16 tbsp. celery, chopped
450 g tomato puree
Bouquet Garni
1 pc dried bay leaf
¼ tsp Dried thyme
¼ tsp peppercorns
6-8 stems parsley
2 whole cloves
Procedure:
1. Cut the bones into pieces, 3-4 inches long. Use veal or beef bones.
2. Do not wash or blanch the bones. The moisture would hinder browning.
3. Place the bones in a roasting pan in one layer, and brown in a hot oven at 375°F
(190°C. or higher. The bones must be well browned to color the stock sufficiently.
Bones may be oiled lightly before browning.
267
LM-Cookery Grade 10
4. When the bones are well browned, remove from pan and place in a stockpot.
Cover with cold water and bring to simmer.
5. Drain and reserve the fat from the roasting pan. Deglaze the pan by adding water
and stirring over heat until all the brown drippings are dissolved or loosened. Add
to stockpot.
6. While the stock is getting started, place the mirepoix in the roasting pan with some
of the reserved fat and brown the vegetable well in the oven.
7. When the water in the stockpot comes to a simmer, skim the scum at the surface.
8. Add the browned vegetable and tomato puree to the stockpot.
9. Put the bouquet garni by tying it to the handle of the pot for easy removal.
10. Continue to simmer for recommended length of time, 6-8 hours.
11. Strain through several layers of cheesecloth.
12. Cool the stock and refrigerate properly in a covered container to keep for 2-3
days. If properly frozen, it will last for several months.
268
LM-Cookery Grade 10
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
For acceptable achievement, all items should 1 2 3 4
receive an answer.
1. Cut the bones into pieces, 3 to 4 inches long.
269
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Directions: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write your answer in your test notebook.
1. What do you call the liquid in which meat, fish, and sometimes vegetables
have been cooked?
A. glaze C. stock
B. sauce D. water
2. Which of the following stocks uses veal bone as its main ingredient?
A. brown stock C. prawn stock
B. ham stock D. white stock
3. What kind of stock uses fish as its main ingredient?
A. brown stock C. glace viands
B. fish stock D. ham stock
4. What stock uses chicken bone as its main ingredient?
A. fish stock
B. ham stock
C. prawn stocks
D. chicken stocks
5. Which one is the easiest to prepare?
A. brown stock C. white stock
B. fish stock D. vegetable stock
Soups
Soups are based on stocks added with other ingredients for variety of flavor,
consistency, appearance and aroma
Classifications of Soups
1. Clear Soups
270
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Clear Soups. They are soups based on a clear, unthickened broth or stock.
They may be served plain or garnished with a variety of vegetables and meats. They
are very similar to stocks, except that broths are based on meats rather than bones
so they are richer and have a more defined flavor. Broths can be used as a liquid in
preparing soups. A good quality broth should be clear, aromatic and rich-tasting with
a very evident flavor of the major ingredient. One strong and clear broth or stock is
a consommé. It is made by combining lean chopped meat, egg whites, mirepoix,
herbs and spices and an acidic ingredient like tomatoes, wine, or lemon juice. The
combination is called “clarification” since the particles that make the broth appear
cloudy are trapped as it cooks. A good quality consommé is crystal – clear, has a
good body, amber to brown in color, and completely fat-free.
Vegetable soup – clear seasoned stock or broth with the addition of one or
more vegetable, meat, or poultry.
Consommé’ – rich, flavorful stock or broth that has been clarified to make it
perfectly clear and transparent.
2. Thick Soups
271
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Thick Soups are soups that are thickened to provide a heavier consistency.
Thick soup is a cream soup based on béchamel sauce and is finished with a heavy
cream. A béchamel sauce is milk thickened with roux. But some thick soups are
veloute sauce-based, stock thickened with roux. A veloute sauce base is usually
finished with a liaison of heavy cream egg yolk. A thick soup should have a velvety
smooth texture and the thickness of heavy cream. It is always essential to strain out
the solids and at times to puree and put back in the soup. Cream soups may be
served hot or cold.
A kind of cream soup based on crustaceans like shrimps and lobsters is
bisque. It is made by simmering a crustacean in a stock or a fish fumet.
Another thick vegetable soup is the chowder made with broth, milk or water
as base, then thickened with roux. Cold, thick soups such as vichyssoise are simply
cream soups served cold. Others like gazpacho or a chilled cantaloupe soup are
based on a puree of cooked or raw ingredients brought to the correct consistency by
adding fruits or vegetable juice as a liquid
272
LM-Cookery Grade 10
A. Ginataan – a Filipino soup made from coconut milk, milk, fruit, and
tapioca pearl served hot or cold.
B. Osheriku – a Japanese asuki bean soup
C. Tonge sui – a Chinese soup
b. Fruit Soup can be served hot or cold depending on the recipe where dried
fruits are used like raisins and prunes. Fruit soup may include milk, sweet
or savory dumplings, spices or alcoholic beverages like brandy and
champagne.
Ingredients of soup
• Meat (chicken, beef, pork, lamb, fish)
• Salt
• Pepper
• Vegetables (carrots, string beans, turnips, tomatoes, mushrooms, celery,
leak)
• Onion
• Garlic
• Water
• Eggs
• Cornstarch
• Seasoning (MSG, convenience products)
• Butter
• Cream
• Garnishes (slices of lemon, egg, shredded vegetables,
pimiento strips)
273
LM-Cookery Grade 10
3rd Principle. Select your protein based. Beef, Chicken, Pork and Fish
All bones are washed, roasted or blanched. Roasted for brown sauce and
blanched for white stock.
274
LM-Cookery Grade 10
These
vegetables should be added during the final 15–20 minutes of cooking the
soup
Adjusting Consistency
Thick soups may continue to thicken during cooking and may need additional
stock or water added to adjust the consistency
Degreasing
Broth-based soups maybe prepared in advance, cooled and refrigerated. This
facilitates removing of congealed fat from the surface. Skim the top layer of fat
from a hot soup with a ladle, alternately.
INGRIDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
275
LM-Cookery Grade 10
PROCEDURE:
1. Cook bacon until crispy. Cool. Set aside, peel potatoes and cut into cubes,
place in a saucepot and add water and chopped onions. Bring to a boil and
cook until potatoes are tender. Remove potatoes and sear the broth.
2. Add chicken bouillon cube to the reserved potato broth to make potato
chicken broth and stir until dissolved. Add the hot water. Place cooked
potatoes in blender in 2 batches, adding ¾ cup of the potato-chicken broth
with each batch. Cover and blend for 1 minute or until smooth. Set aside.
3. Melt butter in a saucepan. Add flour, salt and pepper. Add all-purpose cream
at once. Stir while cooking until slightly thickened and bubbly. Cook for 1
minute more. Stir until heated through. If necessary, stir in additional milk to
make the desired consistency. Serve with sprinkled bacon bits.
Find out how well you performed by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and
sincerely. Remember it is your learning at stake!
Direction: Evaluate your finished product, using the given score sheet.
Criteria for Evaluating and Presenting Soup
Good Fair Poor
I. Products:
(3) (2) (1)
1. General Appearance
a. attractive and appealing to appetite
b. pleasing and good color combination
c. ingredients cooked just right
276
LM-Cookery Grade 10
d. correct consistency
2. Palatability
a. delicious
b. taste just right
3. Nutritive value
a. highly nutritious
II. Procedures:
1. Use of Resources:
a. kept working table is kept orderly while preparing
the ingredients
b. used only the proper and needed utensils and
dishes
c. used time-saving techniques and devices
2. Cleanliness and sanitation
a. was well- groomed and properly dressed for
cooking, used clean apron, hair nets, hand towel
and pot holder
b. Observed sanitary handling of food
3. Conservation of nutrients
a. followed proper preparation and cooking
procedures
b. followed the recipe correctly
Score: (maximum 42 points)
Comments:
CONSOMME A LA MADRILENE
TOOLS AND INGRIDIENTS
EQUIPMENT QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole 1kg. Lean beef, cut in 3 portion
gas or electric stove ½ kg bone marrow
knife 3 ½ liter cold water
277
LM-Cookery Grade 10
PROCEDURE:
1. Combine the beef, bone and water in a stockpot and bring to a boil. Simmer
for 5 minutes and skim. Cover and simmer for 1 hour.
2. Add to the onion stock with cloves, the carrots, celery, leeks, salt
peppercorns, parsley, thyme, garlic and bay leaf. Cover and cook slowly for 4
– 5 hours.
3. Strain through a double thickness of cheesecloth and skim off fat. Use
absorbent paper towels. Remove the remaining particles and reserve the
meat for another purpose.
4. To clarify the consommé, return it to the heat and add beaten egg whites and
eggshells.
5. Bring to a rolling boil and strain once more through 3 thickness cheesecloth.
6. Pour 6 cups of consommé into a saucepan and reserve the remainder for
another use.
278
LM-Cookery Grade 10
7. Add the tomato puree, onion, and dried basil. Simmer for 20 minutes, remove
from the heat and strain through cheesecloth.
8. Serve hot.
Find out how well you performed by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and
sincerely. Remember it is your learning at stake!
Direction: Evaluate your finished product, using the given score sheet.
279
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Comments:
PROCEDURE:
1. In a 2-quart soup pot, pour 6 cups of chicken broth to a simmer. Add the soy
sauce, sherry, pepper, and salt.
2. Beat the egg whites lightly. Drizzle into the chicken broth mixture
3. Mix the cornstarch with the remaining ½ cup chicken stock until lump free.
Add to the soup. Stir in the sesame oil, garnish with scallions and serve hot.
Evaluate your finished product, using the given score sheet.
2. Palatability
a. delicious
b. taste just right
3. Nutritive value
a. highly nutritious
II. Procedures:
1. Use of Resources:
a. kept working table is kept orderly while
preparing the ingredients
b. used only the proper and needed utensils
and dishes
c. used time-saving techniques and devices
2. Cleanliness and sanitation
a. was well- groomed and properly dressed for
cooking, used clean apron, hair nets, hand towel
and
pot holder
b. Observed sanitary handling of food
3. Conservation of nutrients
a. followed proper preparation and cooking
procedures
b. followed the recipe correctly
Score: (maximum 42 points)
CREAMY CARROT SOUP
INGRIDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
281
LM-Cookery Grade 10
PROCEDURE:
1. Melt butter in a large saucepan, add onion and bacon, stir constantly over
heat until onion is soft.
2. Add carrots to pan, then chicken stock and cube, bring to a boil, reduce heat,
cover, simmer for about 30 minutes or until carrots are tender. Remove
saucepan from heat.
3. Blend or process mixture in several batches until smooth.
4. Return mixture to pan, stir in cream, reheat, and stir constantly without
boiling.
5. Season with salt and pepper. Serve hot
Directions: Evaluate your finished product, using the given score sheet.
282
LM-Cookery Grade 10
INGRIDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
283
LM-Cookery Grade 10
saucepan
saucepot 200 grams butter
gas or electric stove 1 tsp. salt
knife 1 pc carrot, strips
chopping board 1 pc onion, sliced
mortar and pestle 6 cup water
strainer 6 strips bacon strips
measuring cup ½ cup chopped onion
measuring spoon ½ cup cubed celery
wooden spoon ½ cup cube carrot
soup ladle 7 cup chicken stock
½ cup gold medal all-purpose flour
1 can small corn kernels
PROCEDURE:
1. In a saucepan, put chicken breast, salt, carrot, onion, and water. Bring to a
boil. Cook for 20 minutes.
2. Strain out chicken stock. Set aside. Remove chicken breast. Slice meat into
cubes. Set aside.
3. In a saucepan, put bacon strips. Cook until brown. Set aside.
4. Retain about 2 tablespoons of the bacon drippings.
5. In a saucepan, using the bacon drippings, sauté onions until soft. Add
chicken meat. Mix well. Add flour. Stir well.
6. Add the chicken mixture. Let it simmer. Stir until thick.
To serve: Put soup in a bowl, top with chopped bacon. Serve while hot.
It may be served with barley-garlic, bread, and bacon at the side.
Directions: Read the question carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer in your test booklet.
285
LM-Cookery Grade 10
A. bisque C. cream
B. bouillon D. puree
2. What substance is added that gives taste to the food?
A. decoration C. seasoning
B. flavoring D. thickening
3. What type of soup can be served either hot or cold?
A. ancient soup C. dessert soup
B. cold soup D. fruit soup
4. What utensil is appropriate in serving hot soup?
A. bowl C. soup bowl
B. basin D. tray
5. What makes a soup appetizing?
A. garnish C. taste
B. ingredients D. all of the above
Photo Gallery
Directions:
Make a
photo
album
of different soups creatively served here and abroad.
It should contain minimum of 10 pages and maximum of 15 pages
Label each creative presentation
286
LM-Cookery Grade 10
to be served as well as add moisture or succulence to food that are cooked dry.
Sauces also enhance the appearance of a dish by adding luster and sheen. A sauce
that includes a flavor complementary to a food brings out the flavor of that food. It
defines and enriches the overall taste and its texture. Sauce is a fluid dressing for
poultry, meat, fish, dessert and other culinary products.
Sauce is a flavorful liquid, usually thickened that is used to season, flavor and
enhance other foods. It adds:
1. Moistness 4. Appearance (color and shine)
2. Flavor 5. Appeal
3. Richness
1. White sauce - Its basic ingredient is milk which is thickened with flour
enriched with butter.
2. Veloute sauce- Its chief ingredients are veal, chicken and fish broth, thickened
with blonde roux.
3. Hollandaise – It is a rich emulsified sauce made from butter, egg yolks, lemon
juice and cayenne.
Emulsion – (as fat in milk) consists of liquid dispersed with or without an
emulsifier in another liquid that usually would not mix together.
4. Brown sauce / Espagnole – It is a brown roux-based sauce made with
margarine or butter, flavor and brown stock.
5. Tomato – It is made from stock (ham/pork) and tomato products seasoned
with spices and herbs.
A. Variation of Sauces
1. Hot Sauces – made just before they are to be used.
2. Cold sauces – cooked ahead of time, then cooled, covered, and placed in
the refrigerator to chill.
B. Thickening Agents
Thickening agent – thickens sauce to the right consistency. The sauce
must be thick enough to cling lightly to the food.
Starches are the most commonly used thickeners for sauce making. Flour
is the principal starch used. Other products include cornstarch, arrowroot, waxy
maize, pre-gelatinized starch, bread crumbs, and other vegetables and grain
products like potato starch and rice flour.
Starches thicken by gelatinization, which is the process by which starch
granules absorb water and swell many times their original sizes.
287
LM-Cookery Grade 10
2. Flour
The thickening power of flour depends on its starch
content. Bread flour is commonly used in
commercial cooking. It is sometimes browned for
use in brown roux. Heavily browned flour has only
1/3 the thickening power of not brown flour.
A roux must be cooked so that the sauce does not have a raw, starchy
taste of flour. The kinds of roux differ on how much they are cooked.
288
LM-Cookery Grade 10
White roux – cooked just enough to cook the raw taste of flour;
used for béchamel and other white sauces based on milk.
Sauces Blanches
(White Sauce)
Purpose Butter Flour Liquid: Milk or Stock or Cream
Light Sauce 1 tbsp. 1 tbsp. 1 cup
General Sauce 1½ tbsps. 1 ½ tbsp. 1 cup
Thick Sauce 5 tsps. 2 tbsps. 1 cup
Soufflé Sauce 2 tbsps. 2 tbsps. 1 cup
289
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Making Roux
Procedure
1. Melt fat.
290
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. Reduction
2. Straining
This is very important in order to produce a
smooth, lump free sauce. Straining through a china
cap lined with several layers of cheesecloth is
effective.
291
LM-Cookery Grade 10
3. Deglazing
To deglaze means to swirl a liquid
in a sauté pan to cooked particles of food
remaining on the bottom.
Liquid such as wine or stock is used
to deglaze then reduced by one-half or
three-fourths. This reduction, with the
added flavor of the pan drippings, is then
added to the sauce.
Liaison mixture of egg yolks and cream added to sauce to give extra richness
and smoothness.
Heavy cream- added to give flavor and richness to sauce
Butter - Add softened butter to hot sauce and swirl until it melts. Serve
immediately to prevent separation of butter.
Butter gives extra shine and smoothness to the sauce.
292
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Perform the
following activity:
MAKING PAN
GRAVY
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Roasting pan
Saucepan
Strainer
Ladle
Procedure:
Method 1
1. Remove the roast from the roasting pan.
2. Clarify the fat.
3. Deglaze the pan.
4. Combine with stock and simmer.
5. Make a roux or a slurry of arrowroot or cornstarch and water.
6. Thicken the gravy with the roux or cornstarch slurry.
7. Strain.
8. Adjust seasoning.
Method 2
1. Remove the roast from the roasting pan.
2. Clarify the fat.
3. Add flour to the roasting pan and make a roux.
4. Add stock. Stir until thickened and the pan is deglaze.
5. Strain. Skim excess fat.
6. Adjust consistency, if necessary, with more stock or more roux.
7. Season.
293
LM-Cookery Grade 10
BÉCHAMEL SAUCE
294
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Saucepan
Ladle
Cheesecloth
Spoon
Ingredients:
4 tbsp. clarified butter
4 tbsp. bread flour
¼ gal milk
¼ pc bay leaf
¼ pc onions
Salt to taste
Nutmeg to taste
White pepper to taste
Procedure:
1. Heat the butter in a heavy sauce pan in a very low heat. Add the flour and
make a white roux. Cool the roux slightly.
2. In another sauce pan, scald the milk. Gradually add it to the roux, beating
constantly.
3. Bring the sauce to a boil, stirring constantly. Reduce heat to simmer.
4. Stick the bay leaf and onions and add to the sauce. Simmer at least
15 - 30 minutes or more. Stir occasionally while cooking.
5. Adjust the consistency with more hot milk if necessary.
6. Season lightly with salt, nutmeg and white pepper. Spice flavor should not
dominate.
.
295
LM-Cookery Grade 10
HOLLANDAISE SAUCE
296
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Saucepan
Beater
Ladle
Spoon
Strainer
Mixing bowl
Ingredients:
1 kg. butter
12pcs egg yolks
4 tbsp. cold water
6tbsp . lemon juice
Salt to taste
Cayenne to taste
Procedure:
1. Clarify the butter. Keep the butter warm but not hot.
2. Place the egg yolks and cold water in a stainless steel bowl and beat well.
Beat in a few drops of lemon juice.
3. Hold the bowl over a hot water bath and continue to beat until the yolks are
thickened and creamy.
4. Remove the bowl from the heat. Using a ladle, slowly and gradually beat in
the warm butter. Add the butter drop by drop at first. If the sauce becomes
too thick to beat before all the butter is added, beat in a little of the lemon
juice.
5. When all the butter has been added, beat in lemon juice to taste and adjust
seasoning with salt and cayenne. Keep warm for service. Hold no longer
than 1 ½ hours.
1. General Appearance
a. Color combination is attractive and ________ _______ ______
appealing
b. ingredients cooked just right _______ _______ ______
c. correct consistency not mushy/ very ________ _______ ______
thick/thin consistency
298
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Directions: Choose the correct answer from the given choices. Write the letter of
your answer in your test notebook.
Research Hour
Directions: Make a research on at least ten sauces and the food where it is
commonly used in the Philippines, and ten from different countries. Include pictures
and descriptions.
299
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Cooling stock
quickly and properly is important. Improperly cooled
stock may spoil in 6 to 8 hrs.
3. When cool, refrigerate the stock in covered containers. Stock will keep
2 to 3 days if properly refrigerated. Stock can also be frozen and will last for
several months.
Photo Grid
Make an album (collage or scrapbook) of different stocks, sauces, and soups.
Includes description, ingredients, and procedures, storing procedures and how it
isreconstituted. Your output will be evaluated using rubrics.
301
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Overview
This lesson deals with the selection, preparation, cooking, presentation, and storage
of poultry and game in a commercial kitchen or catering operation.
At the end of lesson you are expected to do the following:
1. perform mise’ en place;
2. cook poultry and game dishes;
3. plates/present and evaluate poultry and game bird dishes; and
4. store poultry and game bird
302
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Bird Uses
Chicken Meat, eggs
Duck Meat, eggs feathers
Turkey Meat
Goose Meat, feather, eggs
Quail Meat, eggs
Pigeon Meat
Guinea fowl Meat
Wild duck Meat, feather
Pheasant Meat
Chickens and other poultry may be divided into classes which are essentially of
the same physical characteristics associated with age, sex, live weight and/or breed.
1. Broiler or Fryer. A broiler or fryer is young chicken, usually 9 to 12 weeks of
age, of either sex, is tender-meat with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin.
2. Roaster. A roaster is usually 5 to 6 months of age.
3. Capon. A capon is a surgically desexed male chicken usually under 8
months of age.
4. Stag. A stag is a male chicken, usually under 10 months of age, with coarse
skin, with somewhat toughened and darkened flesh.
5. Hen or Stewing Chicken. It is a mature female chicken which is usually
more than 10 months of age. It can also be a culled layer.
6. Cock or Rooster. It is a mature male chicken with coarse skin, toughened
and darkened meat and hardened breastbone tip.
7. Jumbo Broiler. This is a large chicken about 4 kg. dressed weight which are
on sale especially during the Christmas holiday.
Other Poultry
1. Peking duck. This is a breed of duck that originated from China and is noted
for its tender and flavorful meat.
2. Duck or Itik is available and popular in many towns of Rizal as fried itik.
3. Squab. This is a young immature pigeon of either sex and has extra tender
meat.
303
LM-Cookery Grade 10
2. Whole Poultry. These are slaughtered birds that have been bled and de-
feathered.
a. Their head, feet and viscera are still intact.
b. They are clean, well fleshed.
c. They have moderate fat coverings.
d. They are free from pin feathers and show no cuts, scars or missing
skin.
3. Dressed Poultry. These are slaughtered birds that have been bled, de-
feathered, and the visceral organs are removed.
a. The skin is smooth and yellow in color
b. The breast is plump
c. The thighs are well-developed
d. It has no objectionable odor
e. It is heavy and the skin is not watery
4. Ready-to-Cook. The dressed birds may be cut up and marinated or
seasoned.
5. Poultry Parts. Several pieces of a single poultry part are usually packed in
one carton, wrapped and chilled or frozen. The various poultry parts are
divided into any of the following:
a. dark meat – drumsticks, thighs, wings, neck, backs, and rib cage
b. white meat – breasts
c. giblets – gizzard and heart
meat than white meat (from the breast) because of its juiciness and flavor. Variety
meats refer to the meat of such organs as the gizzard, heart, kidneys and liver.
Live poultry
Live poultry should be healthy, alert, and well-feathered. Avoid poultry
which have bruises, blisters and broken bones.
Whole poultry
Though not alive, the criteria for selecting live poultry also apply to
whole poultry.
Dressed poultry
This is the most available poultry form in the market. Dressed poultry
are actually slaughtered poultry with the head, feet, blood, feathers and
internal organs removed. Good quality dressed poultry should be free from
slime, off-odors and discoloration.
Drawn poultry
These are dressed poultry that have been chilled or frozen. They are
usually available in groceries.
Ready-to cook
These are poultry parts such as wings, breast, thighs, or drumsticks
which have been separately packed in a single container and frozen or
chilled.
305
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Whole Chicken
Whole Chickens are marketed either fresh or frozen.
Halves
The bird is split from front to back through the backbone
and keel to produce 2 halves of approximately equal
weight.
Breast Quarters
Halves may be further cut into which include the wing. A
breast quarter, including portions of the back, is all white
meat.
306
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Split Breast
A breast quarter with the wing removed.
8-Piece Cut
The whole bird is cut into 2 breast halves with ribs and
back portion, 2 wings, 2 thighs with back portion and 2
drumsticks. The parts may be packaged together and
labelled as whole cut-up chicken. These are usually sold
without giblets.
307
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Wing Drummettes
The first section between the shoulder and the elbow.
Wing Mid-Section
The section between the elbow and the tip, sometimes
called the wing flat or mid-joint.
308
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Thigh
The thigh is the portion of the leg above the knee joint.
Drumsticks
Drumsticks include the lower portion of the leg quarter
(the portion between the knee joint and the hock).
Giblets
Includes heart, liver, and neck.
309
LM-Cookery Grade 10
310
LM-Cookery Grade 10
311
LM-Cookery Grade 10
All food should be safe and free from contamination and spoilage at all points
in its journey from its source until it reaches the consumers. However, food
contamination is a serious public health problem resulting in foodborne diseases that
affect many people every year. Hence, awareness of potential sources of food
contamination is an important component of good nutrition and good health.
Food may be contaminated by different microorganisms or by chemicals that
can cause health problems for anyone who eats it.
The common causes of food contamination and food spoilage are:
1. Failure to properly refrigerate food
2. Failure to thoroughly heat or cook food
3. Infected employees/workers because of poor personal hygiene practices
4. Foods prepared a day or more before they are served
5. Raw, contaminated ingredients incorporated into foods that receive no further
cooking
6. Cross-contamination of cooked foods through improperly cleaned equipment
7. Failure to reheat foods to temperature that kills bacteria
8. Prolonged exposure to temperatures favorable to bacterial growth
312
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Poultry Cookery
Poultry, like meat may be cooked by either dry or moist heat method. The
choice of method depends mainly upon the age of the bird instead of location of the
part in the carcass as in the case of meats. Fat content should also be taken into
consideration.
1. Moist Heat Method
As discussed earlier in this lesson, chicken are categorized into
classes. All classes of chicken and other poultry for that matter may be
cooked by moist-heat cookery. Common Filipino dishes are tinola,
sinampalukang manok, manok na pinaupo, and relyeno.
2. Dry Heat Method
The dry method is usually reserved for young tender poultry. The
poultry class of these chickens is specially termed “broilers and fryers”
Somewhat older but still immature birds such as capons and roasters are also
suitable for roasting. They are still tender but have more fat than the broilers
or fryers.
Older birds need to be tenderized by moist cooking prior to dry heat
cooking.
One point to remember in poultry cookery; moist heat cookery may be
applied to all classes and kinds of poultry but dry heat cookery is reserved for
tender birds.
313
LM-Cookery Grade 10
3. Using the knife, scimitar may be preferred but a fillet knife would work well too.
Cut along one side of the breast bone to the base of the chicken.
314
LM-Cookery Grade 10
5. With your thumb under the wing joint press upward and out to separate joint
6. With knife, cut between joint to remove and cut any skin not separated from
carcass yet.
315
LM-Cookery Grade 10
9. A small thin piece of meat located on underside of breast that can be removed by
pulling the tenderloin, good for chicken tenders. Repeat steps 3-9 for the other
side of breast.
316
LM-Cookery Grade 10
10. Cut around leg quarter going up high towards backbone then circling down
toward other side.
12. Using your thumb push up and out to snap apart joint.
317
LM-Cookery Grade 10
13. Finish cut through joint to remove leg quarter. Repeat steps 10-13 for other
leg quarter.
Deboning Chicken
318
LM-Cookery Grade 10
319
LM-Cookery Grade 10
320
LM-Cookery Grade 10
321
LM-Cookery Grade 10
322
LM-Cookery Grade 10
INGREDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
knife 1 whole chicken, deboned
chopping board ½k ground pork
measuring cup ½k ground beef
measuring spoon 300 g ground chicken
oven 4 pieces sausage
wooden spoon 3 tbsp. sweet pickle relish
pinoykitchenette.blogspot.co 1/2 cup raisins
2 pieces hard boiled eggs
3/4 cup minced ham
3/4 cup cup chopped Vienna sausage
1/2 cup minced onion
1/2 cup grated carrot
1/2 cup chopped red bell pepper
Cooking Procedure
1. Combine ground pork, ham, sausage, bell pepper, carrot, onion, raisins,
sweet pickle relish, salt, and pepper. Mix well.
2. Add the bread crumbs and then continue mixing. Set aside.
3. Combine lemon juice and soy sauce in a large container. Stir.
4. Marinate the whole chicken in the lemon and soy sauce mixture for 30
minutes.
5. Remove the chicken from the mixture and then stuff with half of the meat and
vegetable mixture.
6. Arrange the boiled eggs inside the chicken and then continue to put-in the
rest of the meat mixture.
7. Secure the chicken by wrapping it in aluminum foil
8. Meanwhile pre heat oven at 350 degree Fahrenheit.
9. Bake the Chicken Relleno for about 1 hour
10. Remove from oven. Remove aluminum foil on the surface then brush with
butter on top and on side
11. Bake again for 15-20 minutes or until golden brown.
12. Allow to cool
13. Slice into serving pieces.
14. Serve. Share and enjoy!
324
LM-Cookery Grade 10
INGREDIENTS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
casserole 8 boneless skinless chicken breast
gas or electric stove halves (4 ounces each)
knife
chopping board 8 thin slices (4 ounces) ham
measuring cup
measuring spoon 4 slices cheese, halved
wooden spoon
2/3 cup seasoned bread crumbs
Cooking spray
frying pan
Procedure
1. Preheat oven to 425°.
2. Flatten chicken to 1/4-in. thickness.
3. Place a slice of ham and half slice of provolone cheese on each piece of chicken.
4. Roll up from a short side and tuck in ends; secure with a toothpick.
5. In a shallow bowl, combine crumbs, Romano cheese and parsley.
6. Pour milk into another bowl. Dip chicken rolls in milk, then roll in crumb mixture.
7. Place roll-ups, seam side down, on a greased baking sheet. Spritz chicken with
cooking spray.
8. Bake, uncovered, 25 minutes or until meat is no longer pink.
9. Remove toothpicks. Yield: 8 servings.
Direction: Evaluate your finished products using the score sheet below.
326
LM-Cookery Grade 10
327
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Portion: A “portion” is how much food you choose to eat at one time
(breakfast, lunch, dinner, or snack), whether in a restaurant, from a package,
or in your own kitchen. Portions can be bigger or smaller than the
recommended food servings. There is no standard portion size and no single
right or wrong portion size.
Eating smaller portions of food is one of the easiest ways to cut back on
calories—but it can also be one of the most challenging, with the current trend
of super-sizing. How do you know a reasonable portion of food when you see
328
LM-Cookery Grade 10
it? Visualize the objects mentioned below when eating out, planning a meal, or
grabbing a snack.
The way food is presented affects a person’s perception of how it will taste. People
instinctively reject bruised apples and browned bananas, and recognize well-marbled
beef and perfectly ripe produce. Prepared dishes work in the same manner. The
perfect dish includes food that tastes as good as it looks.
Much of the artistry of cooking comes after the food has been cooked and it is
time to transfer it from pot to plate. Here, chefs rise above cooks as they arrange the
different components on a plate like interior designers place furniture to create culinary
masterpieces.
The home chef faces similar circumstances on a nightly basis. Whether you’re
entertaining, preparing a special meal or jazzing up an old favorite, these food
presentation tips will set your dishes apart from the crowd.
329
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Plating is the act of arranging the meal on the individual plate immediately
before it’s served. Presentation should look natural. It should feel as though
everything that is on the plate is meant to be should feel as though everything
that is on the plate is meant to be exactly where it is. Try to strike a balance
between having enough food on the plate to convey hospitality without
overcrowding the plate—and potentially offending your guest. Try to leave
one-third of the plate empty, and plate your dish immediately before you serve
it. It goes without saying that hot food should be hot and cold food should be
cold; always check the temperature of your food before you serve it to a
guest. After you have put the food on the plate, check to see that the plate is
clean. Plate edges should be especially immaculate. Clean spills or sauces
away with a moistened clean sponge or paper towel.
330
LM-Cookery Grade 10
If the food is the masterpiece, then the plate is its frame. Adapt artistic framing
strategies to your cooking for a quick way to improve your food’s presentation. Buy
beautiful bowls and plates in a variety of shapes and colors. The same bowl of soup
looks dramatically different in a small Asian ceramic cup and an oversized, shallow
white French consommé bowl.
You can also decorate the rim of a plate, just as you’d decorate a frame. Use
culinary elements like colorful spices or confectioner’s sugar; specialty salts like
Hawaiian alaea or Himalayan pink salt which also lend themselves wonderfully to
this purpose.
For small appetizers, part of the presentation is making the display platter look
beautiful. Make a bed of uncooked soba noodles or flat rice sticks, shafts of wheat,
or large sprigs of fresh herbs like rosemary and thyme. This is also a good trick to
use if you are preparing a hors d’oeuvre platter.
If you’re decorating a plate that will hold hot food, be aware that by the time
you’re finished garnishing the plate, the food may not be hot. In some cases, you
can garnish the plate before you plate the food. If this is impossible, work quickly
and have all of your garnishes close by.
331
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Food is naturally beautiful. Combine foods with different shapes, colors and
textures on the same plate. Grilled filet mignon becomes even more decadent when
it appears on the plate with stark white mashed potatoes and a bright green steamed
vegetable.
In this case, these different elements combine for a dish that catches the eye.
If your plate will contain multiple elements, use an odd number of dishes rather than
an even number for further interest. Grilled filet mignon with mashed potatoes and
steamed asparagus looks great, but add a stack of sliced tomatoes and the
combination becomes regimented and less remarkable.
Try to integrate a variety of shapes in each dish. Risotto is boring when paired
with rice, as the two are nearly identical in shape, color and size. Meatballs and
Brussels sprouts are different colors but the same shape. But meatballs and rice
make an interesting combination, as do risotto and Brussels sprouts.
Keep in mind that sometimes the most aesthetically pleasing plate of food
does not include a garnish. For example, crème brulee features a delicate, crunchy
top layer. While its appearance can certainly be improved with a small garnish or
beautiful brulee dish, the texture and color of the caramelized sugar is beautiful
enough on its own.
Garnishes
332
LM-Cookery Grade 10
You can also garnish with small fans of fruits and vegetables like cucumber,
pineapple, avocado, citrus, kiwi or apple. Slice the fruit or vegetable into thin rounds,
leaving ¼” of flesh connected on one side to hold the rounds together. Gently spread
out the slices and arrange them neatly in an arc. Several kitchen tools are available
that will help you transform nearly any fruit into an attractive garnish for a plate.
The key to selecting a garnish is picking a garnish that will improve the dish.
Garnishes add color and continue a theme, such as a brightly colored orchid on top
of passion fruit crème brulee. They can accent a dish’s color, like chives on top of a
baked potato, or a dish’s flavor.
Garnishes can provide complementary flavor, like peanuts in pad Thai, or
contrasting flavor, like a lemon wedge with seafood. An entrée’s sauce also makes a
delicious garnish. Swirl it around or atop the plate for visual and gustatory interest.
The way food looks on the plate is the most commonly ignored facet of cooking at
home. Too often, other considerations such as time, money, and food allergies push
presentation out of mind. Since most children and their families eat their main meals
at home, attractive food presentation is just as important at home as it is in a
restaurant. A dish that looks good is more likely to be eaten. Even picky kids will
forego sugary cereal in favor of Mickey Mouse-shaped waffles or a plate with over
easy egg eyes, a bacon smile and potato cheeks. You can even trick your own
palate into liking Brussels sprouts, zucchini and other healthy produce with a
beautiful arrangement on a dish.
333
Direction: Choose the correct answer from the given choices. Write the letter on
your answer sheet.
1. Act of arranging the meal on the individual plate immediately before it’s serving
A. Garnishing
B. Cooking
C. Plating
D. Serving
2. If the food is the masterpiece, then the plate is its _______
A. Accessories
B. Base
C. body
D. Frame
3. To enhance in appearance by adding decorative touches
A. Plating
B. Presenting
C. Garnishing
D. Serving
and wiped off with a damp cloth. Then it should be lightly covered with waxed paper,
placed in shallow utensils and stored in a cold part of the refrigerator near the
freezing unit or ice. Cooked poultry should be cooled as quickly as possible, covered
to prevent drying and refrigerated. Removing the bones saves space. Frozen poultry
must be kept in the freezing unit until it is thawed for cooking.
Freezing and Thawing Poultry
To prepare poultry properly for freezing, it should be wrapped tightly in a
moisture-vapor proof film, foil or paper and then frozen at -170 oC (0oF) or lower.
Although there are no abrupt changes in quality during the first few months of poultry
storage, it has always been a good practice to use these chickens first which have
been in storage longest and those with torn wrapper.
Storage Time for Poultry and Game
Refrigerator
Product Freezer ( 0oF)
(35-40oF)
Chicken and turkey (Whole) 1 – 2 days 12 months
Chicken (pieces) 1 – 2 days 9 months
Turkey ( pieces ) 1 – 2 days 6 months
Duck and Goose ( whole ) 1 – 2 days 6 months
Giblets 1 – 2 days 3 – 4 months
Wild duck, pheasant. Goose
( whole) 1 – 2 days 6 months
Cooked poultry dishes 2 – 4 days 4 – 6 months
Canned poultry, opened 1 day NR
poultry or any other market forms of poultry should not be allowed to thaw or soak in
a bowl of water because of possible bacterial build.
And remember, freezing doesn't kill bacteria, either — it just makes them cold.
The only way to kill food-borne pathogens is by thoroughly cooking the food.
336
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Interestingly, poultry that has been kept at temperatures colder than 26°F but
warmer than 0°F can be labeled neither fresh nor frozen.
If they do opt to date the product, regulations do require that there be a phrase
signifying whether the date is a "sell by" date or a "use before" date, and the
explanation must appear right next to the date.
Basics for Handling Food Safely
Shopping
Storage
Preparation
Thawing
Cooking
337
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Serving
Leftovers
Refreezing
Safe steps in food handling, cooking, and storage are essential to prevent
foodborne illness. You can't see, smell, or taste harmful bacteria that may cause
illness. In every step of food preparation, follow the four Fight BAC! ™ guidelines to
keep food safe:
Shopping
Storage
338
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Cook or freeze fresh poultry, fish, ground meats, and variety meats within 2
days; other beef, veal, lamb, or pork, within 3 to 5 days.
To maintain quality when freezing meat and poultry in its original package,
wrap the package again with foil or plastic wrap that is recommended for the
freezer.
Preparation
Always wash hands with warm water and soap for 20 seconds before and after
handling food.
Don't cross-contaminate. Keep raw meat, poultry, fish, and their juices away
from other food. After cutting raw meats, wash cutting board, utensils, and
countertops with hot, soapy water.
Thawing
Refrigerator: The refrigerator allows slow, safe thawing. Make sure thawing
meat and poultry juices do not drip onto other food.
Cold Water: For faster thawing, place food in a leak-proof plastic bag.
Submerge in cold tap water. Change the water every 30 minutes. Cook
immediately after thawing.
Cooking
339
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Cook all raw poultry, beef, pork, lamb and veal steaks, chops, and roasts to a
minimum internal temperature of 145 °F as measured with a food thermometer
before removing meat from the heat source. For safety and quality, allow meat to
rest for at least three minutes before carving or consuming. For reasons of personal
preference, consumers may choose to cook meat to higher temperatures.
Serving
When serving food at a buffet, keep food hot with chafing dishes, slow
cookers, and warming trays. Keep food cold by nesting dishes in bowls of ice
or use small serving trays and replace them often.
Perishable food should not be left out more than 2 hours at room temperature
(1 hour when the temperature is above 90 °F).
Left overs
Discard any food left out at room temperature for more than 2 hours (1 hour if
the temperature was above 90 °F).
Place food into shallow containers and immediately put in the refrigerator or
freezer for rapid cooling.
Refreezing
Meat and poultry defrosted in the refrigerator may be refrozen before or after
cooking. If thawed by other methods, cook before refreezing.
340
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Post-Test
Directions: Read and understand the statements/questions below. Choose the letter
of the correct answer and write it on your test notebook.
1. As a chef of a fine dining restaurant, Genie simmers meat, fish, and vegetables.
Which of the following liquids is a by-product after the different food stuffs have
been simmered?
A. glaze C. stock
B. sauce D. water
2. Which of the following stocks uses veal bone as its main ingredient?
A. brown stock C. prawn stock
B. ham stock D. white stock
3. What kind of stock uses fish as its main ingredient?
A. brown stock C. glace viande
B. fish stock D. ham stock
4. What stock uses chicken bone as its main ingredient?
A. fish stock C. prawn stock
B. ham stock D. chicken stock
5. Among the different types of stock, which one is the easiest to prepare?
A. brown stock C. white stock
B. fish stock D. vegetable stock
6. What stock is made by boiling prawn shell?
A. fish stock C. prawn stock
B. ham stock D. vegetable stock
7. As a rule, which should not be added to the stock because it causes saltiness?
A. MSG C. spices
B. salt D. sugar
8. Mrs. Sante will be having visitors for dinner. If she will prepare stock for their
dinner, which of the following flavoring agents will she use to give aroma to the
stock?
A. aromatic flavoring C. ginger
B. garlic D. smoke
341
LM-Cookery Grade 10
B. color D. smell
10. Which of the following is a clear soup?
A. bisques C. cream
B. bouillon D. puree
11. Which of the following examples is a thick soup?
A. bisques C. consommé
B. bouillon D. fruit
12. Which of the following is not a thickening agent?
A. flour C. rice
B. grain D. salt
13. Which of the four basic sauces whose basic ingredient is milk is thickened
with flour enriched with butter?
A. Hollandaise sauce C. veloute sauce
B. savory butter D. white sauce
14. Which among the four basic sauces has a chief ingredient of chicken broth
thickened with flour and enriched with butter seasoning?
A. Hollandaise sauce C. veloute sauce
B. savory butter D. white sauce
15. Which of the four basic sauces has three basic ingredients like butter, egg yolk,
and lemon juice with seasoning for accent?
A. Hollandaise sauce C. white sauce
B. savory butter D. veloute sauce
16. Which of the four basic sauces has a basic ingredient like butter that is creamed
and blended with other ingredients to give individual flavor?
A. Hollandaise sauce C. veloute sauce
B. savory butter D. white sauce
17. Which of the following is not a thickening agent?
A. dairy cream C. flour
B. egg D. spice
18. What do you call birds that are hunted for food?
A. game C. poultry
B. livestock D. swine
19. Which of the following poultry originated from China and is noted for its tender
and flavorful meat?
A. chicken C. itik
B. goose D. pecking duck
20. What do you call to young immature pigeon of either sex with extra tender meat
is called___.
A. duck C. rooster
B. fryer D. squab
342
LM-Cookery Grade 10
21. Poultry is composed of different parts. Which of the following do breast meat
belong?
A. dark meat C. variety meat
B. tough meat D. white meat
22. Which of the following characteristics is a good quality of a live poultry?
A. free from pin feathers and shows no cuts
B. has clear eye
C. heavy and the skin is watery
D. well-develop thighs
23. What do you call to young chicken that is usually 9 to 12 weeks of age?
A. fryer C. roaster
B. hen D. stag
24. How many days should a whole chicken should be refrigerated?
A. 1 day C. 2 to 4 days
B. 1 to 2 days D. 3 to 4 days
25. How do you classify the fleshy part of chicken like breast?
A. entrails C. viscera
B. dark meat D. white meat
26. In cookery, we apply different cooking methods depending on the ingredients
that we have. If you will cook a matured poultry, which of the following methods
will you apply?
A. boiling C. roasting
B. frying D. stewing
27. What cookery method is suitable for the less tender cuts?
A. boiling C. roasting
B. frying D. stewing
28. What is the best cooking temperature for poultry?
A. high temperature C. low to moderate temperature
B. low temperature D. moderate temperature
29. What factor affects the poultry meat’s tenderness and juiciness?
A. age C. cuts
B. cookery D. sex
30. Which of the following can be done to prevent drying when reheating?
A. cook using sauces and gravy
B. overcook the poultry meat
C. remove fat before cooking
D. none of the above
QUARTER 4
PREPARING AND COOKING MEAT
Overview
343
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Objectives:
At the end of the quarter students are expected to:
1. perform mise ‘en place;
2. cook meat cuts;
3. present and evaluate meat dishes; and
4. store meat.
Pre-Test
Directions: Read the following statements/questions carefully and choose the letter
with the correct answer. Write your answer in your test note book.
1. What animal produces veal meat?
A. calf C. hog
B. deer D. sheep
2. Which of the following market forms of meat does not undergo chilling?
A. cured meat C. frozen meat
B. fresh meat D. processed meat
3. What part of the meat helps you identify the less tender cuts?
A. bone C. flesh
B. fat D. ligament
4. What part of the meat has the greatest amount of quality protein?
A. Bone C. Flesh
B. Fat D. Ligament
5. Which of the following meat cuts requires long and slow cooking temperature?
A. less tender C. tender
B. slightly tough D. tough
6. What is a long – bladed hatchet or a heavy knife used by a butcher?
A. butchers knife C. cleaver knife
B. chopper knife D. set of slicing knife
7. Which of the cooking methods does not belong to dry heat method?
A. baking C. roasting
B. broiling D. stewing
344
LM-Cookery Grade 10
8. What do you call the cooking method when meat is cooked in steaming liquid
in which bubbles are breaking on the surface?
A. boiling C. roasting
B. broiling D. stewing
9. What is an oil-acid mixture which is used to enhance the flavor of meat?
A. brine solution C. soy sauce and vinegar
B. marinade D. salt and calamansi
10. Which of the following tools is used for carving?
A. cleaver knife C. slicer
B. fork D. razor knife
11. To which meat cut do internal organs belong?
A. less tender cuts C. tough cuts
B. tender cuts D. variety cuts
12. Where should meat products be stored?
A. crisper C. dry shelf
B. cold shelf D. freezer
13. Which of the following is the tenderest cut of beef?
A. chunk C. sirloin
B. round cut D. tenderloin
14. When buying meat, what should you consider first?
A. brand C. quality
B. price D. round cut
15. What is your primary consideration when storing goods?
A. expiration date C. quantity
B. fragility D. size
16. These are taken from the internal organs of animals.
A. less tender cuts C. tough cuts
B. tender cuts D. variety cuts
17. A slaughtered animal is called ______________.
A. a carabeef C. a pork
B. a carcass D. a poultry
Overview:
This lesson covers the skills, knowledge, and attitudes required to prepare
and cook meat.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson you are expected to do the following:
1. perform mise’n place;
2. cook meat cuts;
346
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Introduction of Meat
Meat is a term for the flesh of cattle (beef and veal), sheep (lamb) and pigs
(pork). Meat comprises water, protein, fat, and various amounts of minerals and
vitamins.
Beef is divided into large sections called primal cuts. These beef primal cuts
or “primal” are then broken down further into individual steak and other retail cuts. A
“side” of beef is literally one side of the beef carcass that is split through the
backbone. Each side is then halved between the 12 th and 13th ribs into sections
called the forequarter and hindquarter.
Pork is divided into large sections called primal cuts. These primal cuts are
then broken down further into individual retail cuts.
Pork is another choice, as far as meat types are concerned. Pork is derived
from pig and is classified as red meat. However, this meat is less fatty than beef.
Beef is very popular and is used across the globe. This meat is obtained from
cow and is one of the much sought-after types of red meat.
Sheep meat is also a staple food in some parts of the world and is consumed
in many regions. Sheep meat is otherwise known as mutton (meat of mature sheep)
or lamb (immature sheep) also classified as red meat.
347
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Composition of Meat
1. Water – 70% of muscle tissue.
Water Content of Meat and Poultry
Product Name Percentage Water
Raw Cooked
Chicken fryer, whole 66% 60%
White meat chicken, with skin 69% 61%
Dark meat chicken, with skin 66% 59%
Ground beef, 85% lean 64% 60%
Ground beef, 73% lean 56% 55%
Beef, eye of round 73% 65%
Beef, whole brisket 71% 56%
348
LM-Cookery Grade 10
A. Juiciness
Marbling is fat that is deposited within the muscle tissue.
Surface fats protect the meat from drying out during cooking.
Adding surface fat is called barding.
B. Tenderness
Marbling separates muscle fibers, making meat easier to chew.
C. Flavor- Fat is the main source of flavor in meat.
4. Carbohydrates – it plays a necessary part in the complex reaction, called the
maillard reaction, which takes place when meats
are browned by roasting, broiling or sautéing.
Without carbohydrates, desirable flavor-appearance
of browned meats would not be achieved.
Structure of Meat
349
LM-Cookery Grade 10
1. Muscle fibers
2. Connective tissue
These are network of proteins that bind the muscle fibers together.
Connective tissue is tough. Meats are high in connective tissue if the muscles are
more exercised like meat from legs and the meat comes from older animals.
350
LM-Cookery Grade 10
5. Slicing
It is the cutting of meat by determining the direction of the grain (the muscle
fibers), and cut across the grain. This is particularly important with tougher cuts
such as steak, in which the grain is also quite obvious.You slice meat
with―instead of against―the grain.
6. Seasoning
It is the addition of salt and white or black pepper to improve the flavor of food.
a. Use white pepper or cayenne pepper on food which you want to keep
attractive with white color.
b. Add salt to roast and grill after the meat has browned. Adding salt
before cooking will extract the juices of the meat to the surface, and
slows down the browning reactions (which need high temperature and
dry heat).
7. Coating
The two basic coatings are:
a. Flour – coat the meat before cooking, otherwise the flour becomes
sticky and unpleasant.
351
LM-Cookery Grade 10
b. Bread crumbs – coat the meat in flour, then egg wash (egg wash is
made of lightly beaten whole egg with a little water/milk) and finally
with the bread crumbs.
1. Pork – meat from domesticated pigs, typically high in fat, commonly slaughtered
one year or less of age to ensure tender cuts
.
.
352
LM-Cookery Grade 10
5. Veal – flesh of a young calf, 4-5 months old. Because of its age, it is
considered by some to be the finest meat.
Directions : Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer in
separate sheet.
A.
Column A Column B
353
LM-Cookery Grade 10
354
LM-Cookery Grade 10
4. Well Done – when pressed with a finger the meat feels hard and rough.
Nutrient Content of Meat
Meat consists of water protein and fat, with a few minerals and some B vitamins.
1. Protein – High-quality protein is the major constituent of meat after water,
accounting for about 20 percent of its weight. Meat contains 7 grams of
protein per ounce.
2. Fat –content can vary widely, according to the grade of meat and its cut.
Fresh meat – meat that is recently slaughtered, has not been preserved,
frozen
355
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Meat cuts
Primary Cuts of Meat
Beef
Veal
356
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Lamb
Pork
357
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Marinades
` Good marinade will add flavor to your favorite meat and make it more tender
and juicy. Making a marinade is very simple. All you need are three basic
components. The first, is an acid, such as lemon juice, vinegar, yogurt, or wine. The
acid is important as it breaks down the meat and tenderizes it. The second, is oil.
This protects and preserves the food while marinated and also when it’s being
cooked. The third, is any herb and/or spice. This is what gives a marinade its unique
flavor and zest. Feel free to experiment by grouping one or more ingredients from
each component.
Types of Marinades
Pineapple Marinade - http://bbq.about.com/od/marinaderecipes/tp/Top-10-Pork-
Marinade-Recipes.htm
358
LM-Cookery Grade 10
This sweet, fruity marinade works great on any cut of pork or chicken. What you get
with this marinade is a great Hawaiian Teriyaki flavor. Try this marinade when you
are simply placing cut strips of pork or chicken over rice. You can make extra
marinade to use as a sauce as long as you keep it separate from the meat
This is a great Asian style marinade that works well on all cuts of pork, particularly
pork chops, reminiscent of a Teriyaki marinade with a hint of heat from the chili
sauce. You can, if you like, heat this up with some extra chili sauce or perhaps a
pinch of cayenne.
BBQ Guru posted this marinade recipe to the forum. It uses a pork rub for the
seasoning with vinegar and water to turn it into a marinade.
Teriyaki Marinade
Want to get that great Teriyaki flavor into your favorite dish? This marinade will
surely add flavor to whatever you're grilling. This marinade works particularly well
with pork and poultry.
359
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Bourbon Marinade
This is a great, sweet bourbon marinade that works perfectly on any food. This is a
mild marinade so you will want several hours marinating time with it before you grill.
Mustard-Vinegar Marinade
This is a simple mustard marinade that tenderizes and adds flavor. It works well on
pork or poultry.
2. It coagulates protein. Even meats low in connective tissue can be tough and
dry if cooked at excessively high heats for too long.
3. High heat toughens and shrinks protein and results in excessive moisture
lost.
360
LM-Cookery Grade 10
4. Roasts cooked at low temperature shrink less and loss less moisture.
5 Moist heat penetrates meat quickly. To avoid over cooking, meat should be
simmered, never boiled.
Baking or roasting in an oven is a dry heat method because it uses hot air to
361
LM-Cookery Grade 10
conduct the heat. Pan-searing a steak is considered dry-heat cooking because the
heat transfer takes place through the hot metal of the pan.
Note: The browning of food (including the process by which meat is browned, called
the Maillard reaction) can only be achieved through dry-heat cooking. Examples of
dry-heat methods include:
Forms of dry-heat cooking that use hot, dry air to cook food roasting and
baking. Like other dry-heat cooking methods, roasting and baking brown the
surface of the food, which in turn develops complex flavors and aromas.
Both words describe a method of cooking an item by enveloping it in hot,
dry air, generally inside an oven and at temperatures of at least 300°F and often
much hotter. A convection oven, which circulates hot air throughout the oven,
can enhance the browning reaction.
362
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Sautéing is a form of dry-heat cooking that uses a very hot pan and a
small amount of fat to cook the food very quickly. Like other dry-heat cooking
methods, sautéing browns the food's surface as it cooks and develops
complex flavors and aromas.
Sautéing requires a very hot pan.
When sautéing, it's important to heat the pan for a minute, then add a
small amount of fat and let it gets hot as well, before adding the food to the
pan. This hot fat helps brown the surface of the food. Another key is to avoid
overloading or overcrowding the pan.
Deep-Frying
363
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Simmering
With simmering, the cooking liquid is a bit hotter than poaching from 180°F to
205°F. Here we will see bubbles forming and gently rising to the surface of the water,
but the water still isn't at a full rolling boil.
Because it surrounds the food in water that maintains a more or less
constant temperature, simmering cooks food very evenly. It's an excellent choice for
culinary preparations including stocks or soups, starchy items such as potatoes or
pastas, and many others.
Boiling
The hottest of these three stages is boiling, where the water reaches its
highest possible temperature of 212°F. It's actually the least likely of the three to be
used for cooking. That's because the violent agitation caused by the rolling boil can
be too rough on food and will often damage it.
364
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Water at a full boil would be a bad choice for cooking an egg outside its shell,
as we do when preparing poached eggs, because the agitation would cause the egg
to fall apart. The same holds true for delicate fish as well as some pastas.
Steaming
365
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Though it can be done on the stovetop, braising is best done in the oven,
because the heat fully surrounds the pot and causes the food to cook more evenly
than if it were only heated from below.
Begin by Searing
Because moist heat does not permit the various browning reactions that dry
heat produces, giving cooked meats the brown, outer crust that also helps to
develop complex flavors and aromas, it's customary to sear meat in a pan with a
small amount of hot fat before braising it. This step helps to develop flavors as well
as making the meat more appealing visually. Read more about how to braise meat
How Braising Works
Braising is a good choice of cooking method for cuts of meat that are tougher
or from older animals. The connective tissues that are more prevalent in cuts like
this, and which can make meats tough and chewy when improperly cooked, are
slowly dissolved through long, slow application of moist heat. So you end up with a
tender piece of meat.
366
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Ground meat and cubed usually made from trimmings can be cooked by
dry heat or moist heat.
2. Fat content
Meats high in fat are cooked without added fat, such as roasting or broiling
Meats low in fat are often cooked with added fat to prevent dryness, like
sautéing, pan frying or braising.
3. Desired quality
Tenderness is not the only goal of cooking. To develop flavor and appearance is
also one of the objectives to get the desired quality.
367
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Roasted Meat
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Knife
Chopping board
Roasting pan
368
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Rack
Oven
Pan
Serving plate
Materials/ingredients needed:
Meat (any kind)
Seasoning
Brown Stock
Mirepoix
Procedure:
1. Collect all equipment and food supplies. Use roasting pans that have low side
and just large enough to hold the roast.
2. Prepare a trim meat for roasting.
3. Season meat several hours or the day before.
4. Place meat fat side up on a rack in the roasting pan.
5. Place meat in preheated oven.
6. Roast to desired doneness.
7. Remove roast from oven and let stand in a warm place for 15-30 minutes.
8. Prepare pan gravy from drippings by;
a. degrees pan used in roasting meat
b. add mirepoix and let brown
c. deglaze with brown stock
d. simmer for desired time
e. strain and skim fat
9. Slice roast meat across the grain and serve with gravy.
369
LM-Cookery Grade 10
2.Palatability
a. delicious _________ _________ ________
b. tastes just right _________ _________ ________
3.Nutritive Value
a. highly nutritious _________ _________ ________
II. Procedure:
1. Use of Resources:
a. kept working table
orderly while preparing
the ingredients _________ _________ ________
b. used only the proper
and needed utensils
and dishes
c. used time-saving _________ _________ ________
techniques and devices
370
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Tools/Equipment Needed:
Oven
String for tying
Pan
Ladle
Strainer
Ingredients Needed:
25 kg short rib sections
250 ml oil
300 g onions
150 g celery
150 g carrots
150 g bread flour
25 l brown stock
150 ml tomato puree
2 pcs. Bay leaves
Salt to taste
Pepper to taste
Procedure:
1. Tie the short ribs so the meat will stay on the bone during cooking.
2. Dry the meat so it will brown easily.
371
LM-Cookery Grade 10
3. Heat the oil in a heavy skillet until very hot. Brown the meat on all sides.
Transfer browned meat to a browning pan.
4. Sauté onions, celery and carrot to the skillet until lightly browned.
5. Stir in the bread flour to make a roux.
6. Add the brown stock and tomato puree. Simmer until thickens.
7. Add bay leaf and season to taste with salt and pepper.
8. Pour the sauce over the steaks. Cover and braise until tender.
9. Transfer the steaks in a serving plate.
10. Strain the sauce and pour over steaks.
2.Palatability
a. delicious _________ _________ ________
b. tastes just right _________ _________ ________
3. Nutritive Value
a. highly nutritious _________ _________ ________
II. Procedure:
4. Use of Resources:
a. kept working table orderly while
preparing the ingredients
b. used only the proper and _________ _________ ________
needed utensils and dishes
c. used time-saving techniques
and devices
5. Cleanliness and Sanitation _________ _________ ________
372
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Broiling/Grilling Meats
373
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Procedure:
1. Collect and prepare all equipment and supplies. Trim excess fat from
meats to avoid flare-ups.
2. Preheat the broiler or grill.
3. Brush the meat with oil, or dip it in oil and let excess drip off. Place the
meat on the broiler or grill. The oil helps prevent sticking and keeps the
product moist.
4. When one side is brown and the meat is cooked halfway, turn it over with
a fork (piercing only the fat, not the meat, or juices will be lost) or tongs.
5. Cook the second side until the meat is cooked to the desired doneness. If
the meat is to be brushed with a glaze or sauce, it is usually best to wait
until the product is partially cooked on each side before applying the first
coat. After the meat has been cooked on both sides ½ to ¾ done, brush
the top with a light coat of the sauce. Turnover and repeat as necessary.
6. Remove from broiler or grill and serve immediately.
374
LM-Cookery Grade 10
4. Use of Resources:
a. kept working table
orderly while preparing
the ingredients _________ _________ ________
b. used only the proper
and needed utensils and
dishes
c. used time-saving _________ _________ ________
techniques and devices
MORCON
375
LM-Cookery Grade 10
PROCEDURE:
1. Spread and stretch the sliced beef on your working table.
2. Arrange the filling on the sliced beef: sausage strips, cheese strips, sliced
eggs, pork fat and some ground liver.
3. Roll the sliced beef with all the filling inside and secure with a thread or
string.
4. Repeat the procedure for the two remaining beef slices.
5. On a pot, place the beef rolls and put the water, the remaining ground liver,
grated cheese, chopped onions, bay leaves, ground black pepper and salt.
6. Cover the pot and bring to a boil. Simmer for one hour.
7. Add the vinegar and continue to simmer for another hour or until beef is
tender.
376
LM-Cookery Grade 10
8. Slice the beef morcon, arrange on a platter, and top with the sauce/ gravy.
(Estimated cooking time: 2 to 3 hours.)\
Cooking Tips:
A spoon or two of flour can be added to water to thicken the sauce.
Instead of boiling in a pot, you can use a pressure cooker for faster cooking.
Optional: Garnish with olives before serving.
II. Procedure:
1.Use of Resources:
b. kept working table
orderly while preparing
the ingredients _________ _________ ________
c. used only the proper
and needed utensils and
dishes
d. used time-saving _________ _________ ________
techniques and devices
377
LM-Cookery Grade 10
378
LM-Cookery Grade 10
2. The food should be easy to handle and serve, so one portion can be removed
without ruining the arrangement.
3. Simple arrangements are easier to serve, and more likely to be still attractive
when they are half demolished by the guests
4. Attractive platter are made of metals, mirrors, china, plastic or woods, presentable
and suitable for use with food.
379
LM-Cookery Grade 10
5 .It must look attractive and appropriate not only by itself, but among other
presentations on the table.
380
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Avoid a monochromatic color scheme. A plate of food looks most appealing when
there's a high level of contrast in colors.
When you're planning meals, think ahead about the colors you want to
feature on the plate. You might not be able to represent all the colors of the
rainbow at every meal, but challenge yourself to have as much color as
possible.
If you're about to serve several like-colored foods, like grilled chicken
and mashed potatoes, adding a serving or two of fruits and vegetables is a
fantastic and easy way to add pops of color. The richest greens, oranges,
reds, purples, blues, pinks and yellows on your plate probably take the form of
fruits and vegetables.
If you're not sure how to add color, utilize garnishes. Nearly any savory
dish is well-served by a sprinkling of fresh chives, parsley, dill, or mint. Lemon
and lime wedges are welcome alongside poultry and seafood dishes.
Bring out vegetables' brightest colors. The way you cook your vegetables has a
lot of bearing on the overall visual effect of a meal
Lightly steam instead of boiling. Steaming vegetables makes them look
appetizing and flavorful, while boiling creates the opposite effect.
381
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Take texture into account. Texture and color go hand in hand when it comes to
how appetizing food looks on the plate. If your food looks too oily, too dry,
mushy, tough, or otherwise difficult to chew and swallow, it won't matter how
perfectly colorful it looks. Take pains to cook food well so that it comes out to
the right texture.
The way you handle the food just after it has been cooked, and before
it is plated, can really affect the texture. Pasta, for example, should be kept in
382
LM-Cookery Grade 10
water or tossed in a bit of oil just after cooking so that it doesn't start to clump.
Fried foods should not be covered with airtight lids, because the heat from the
food will end up steaming the breading and causing the food to get soggy.
Once the food is on the plate, a spritz of oil or water can improve its
visual appeal if it looks too dry.
383
LM-Cookery Grade 10
dish. Consider also how to get best impact––the appearance and symmetry
are all affected by whether the food is sliced thinly, thickly or left whole.
384
LM-Cookery Grade 10
It's common to see food layering in restaurants, but home cooks don't
usually try it. Adding height to a dish can take it from ordinary to stunning.
Don't be afraid to show off your culinary skills by using stacking and layering
methods to make your presentation more professional.
An easy way to start layering food is to serve the protein on a bed of
starch. For example, serve a kabob on a heap of rice, or serve grilled
swordfish on a pile of mashed potatoes.
Aim to make foods look bigger, not smaller. Fluff up your salads. For
example, instead of smooching them down. Create a little cross-hatched stack
of cooked asparagus instead of presenting it in one flat layer.
.
Use sauce wisely
385
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Use garnishes that enhance the flavor of the meal. No matter what you're
serving, make sure the garnish actually makes the dish better instead of just
cluttering up the plate.
Employ drizzles and swirls.
Another way to finish food is with a drizzle or swirl of a concentrated
sauce or liquid. For savory dishes, this might be a small squeeze of
remoulade, pesto, or flavored oil. For sweet dishes, adding chocolate sauce,
fruit jam, or crème anglaise might be the most delicious way to add that
finishing touch.
Rather than just pouring a sauce over your food, consider putting it in a
squeeze bottle so you can create a pretty swirl or pattern. If you don't have a
squeeze bottle, put the sauce in a plastic food storage bag, cut a small piece
off one of the corners, and squeeze the sauce through the bag.
Don't overdo it. The key is to add a touch of color, flavor and texture
without overpowering the main part of the dish.
1. Create a Framework
Start with drawings and sketches to visualize the plate. Find inspiration from a
picture or object. Assemble a ‘practice’ plate to work on executing your vision.
2. Keep It Simple
386
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Select one ingredient to focus on and use space to simplify the presentation.
Clutter distracts from the main elements of your dish that might confuse the diners
on what to focus on.
Direction: Select the best answer. Write only the letter on your answer sheet
1. In platter presentation uncut portion of the main food item is
A. garnish B. serving portions C. centerpiece
2. It is arranged artistically in proportion to the cut slices.
A. slices B. serving portions C. garnish
3. The food should be easy to handle and
A. garnish B. serve C. arrangement
4. Use attractive platter presentation made of metals, mirrors, plastic or
387
LM-Cookery Grade 10
wood, and
A. china B. pan C. platter
5. The act of serving or arranging portions of the main food item
artistically.
A. slicing B. garnishing C. setting
C. Curing – In this method, salt, sugar, potassium or sodium nitrate, and other
curing elements such as ascorbic acid, phosphate blend, and spices are
used to prolong the keeping quality of meat. Curing agents also help improve
the flavor and appearance of meat and retain its original color. Sugar
minimizes the hardness of the straight cure process. It also makes the
product more appetizing and provides energy to the nitrate-reducing bacteria
which gives the red color. Spices give the desired flavor and aroma.
G. Freeze Drying – The process involves the removal of moisture from the
meat tissues by transforming the moisture content into ice and gas. The
product to be dried is first frozen and the ice is sublimed from the frozen
mass, removing 98% of the water content. The remaining moisture is further
reduced to 0.5% or lower by subjecting the product to high temperature as
possible without destroying it.
The texture, appearance, flavor, and nutritive value of freeze dried
products are comparable to frozen foods. The products have a long shelf life
and require no refrigeration. This method needs special equipment such as
modern freeze dryer.
389
LM-Cookery Grade 10
(unopened)
Dried Beef 3 to 4 6 weeks, tightly wrapped
Most canned foods can be stored at room temperature in a cold place and
hold their eating quality for several months. They are safe to eat as long as there is
no bulge on the can. Below 24ºC is a good temperature for storage. Canned ham
and other perishable meats should be stored in the refrigerator unless storage
recommendations on the can state otherwise. These meats should not be frozen.
Hygiene Practices in Storing Meat products
To achieve high standards of sanitation, the following measures should be strictly
observed:
1. See to it that physical equipment and layout are conducive to sanitary
practices.
2. Handle, store, and refrigerate food properly to prevent spoilage and
contamination.
3. Safeguard the food during distribution and service.
4. Wash and sanitize dishes, glasses, utensils, and equipment.
5. Clean floors walls, ceilings, counters, tables, and chairs regularly.
6. Eliminate vermin and rodents from food areas.
7. Maintain adequate employer supervision and a constant program of
education in sanitation for food service workers.
8. Make sure that food service employees are in good health, and are not
carriers of communicable diseases. The three principal groups of
communicable diseases that must be guarded against in public feeding
operations are respiratory, intestinal, and skin diseases. Require medical
examinations for food service employees.
9. Provide a regular employee education on food service sanitation.
Storing - take time to store the food items. Store new purchases behind old
ones and always use the old stock first. It is easy to put new purchases at the front.
However, older stocks are overlooked and thus cause spoilage. These may include
cereal and cereal products, sweeteners, oils, seasonings, and unopened cans and
jars.Do not use kitchen cabinets above the refrigerator, stove, or oven for food
storage.
391
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Never use the area under the sink for storing food because openings around
water and drain pipes are impossible to seal. Pipes may leak and damage the food.
If you reuse glass jars, wash them thoroughly, wipe, and air-dry before using.
This helps remove any trace of odors that may remain.
1. Refrigerator storage. A refrigerator provides cold temperature for storing
perishable foods such as dairy products, meat, fish, poultry, eggs, fruits, and
vegetables.
Protein foods should be stored in the coldest part of the refrigerator.
Fruits and vegetables can be stored in less cold sections or in a special
compartment such as the crisper.
If refrigerated foods are not properly wrapped, they will dry out and
lose nutrients and flavor. Food should be well covered with plastic, foil or wax
paper, or should be put in tightly covered containers. Garlic and sausages are
strong-flavored foods and should be wrapped tightly in plastic or foil and
stored in an air-tight container to prevent the transfer of aromas to other
foods.
2. Freezer storage. For proper freezing and storage, the temperature inside the
freezer should be 18ºC or lower.
Store frozen foods in their original packages. Foods to be frozen
should be put in moisture-vapor proof wrapping.
If plastic containers are used, allow about 2.5 cm of headspace at the
top between the food and the lid so the food can expand when if freezes.
Thaw frozen foods in the refrigerator. Do not allow food to thaw at
room temperature. At this point, microorganisms will begin to grow.
Our sanitary laws and regulations are so designed to safeguard and
promote health.
Bacteria are all around us, but they are so small that they cannot be
seen by the naked eye. There are hundreds of different kinds of bacteria.
Some harmless bacteria are useful and necessary such as those essential in
preparing cheese. Other bacteria are essential in agriculture and industry.
However, many types of bacteria are dangerous and cause diseases if
allowed to multiply and be transmitted to humans.
Food contaminated with bacteria can make people sick. Some of the
common illnesses are salmonellosis, perfringens poisoning, staphylococcal
poisoning, and botulism.
392
LM-Cookery Grade 10
PORK TOCINO
Standard recipe developed by Calamba Manpower
PROCEDURE:
1. In a bowl, combine all ingredients for the 1 st mixture together. Set aside.
2. On another bowl, mix all ingredients for the 2 nd mixture.
3. Combine 1st and 2nd mixture
4. Pack it by 250 grams.
Posttest
Directions: Read the following statements/questions carefully and choose the letter
with the correct answer. Write your answer in your test note book.
1. What animal produces veal meat?
A. calf
B. deer
C. hog
D. sheep
2. Which of the following market forms of meat does not undergo chilling?
394
LM-Cookery Grade 10
A. cured meat
B. fresh meat
C. frozen meat
D. processed meat
3. What part of the meat helps you identify the less tender cuts?
A. bone
B. fat
C. flesh
D. ligament
4. What part of the meat has the greatest amount of quality protein?
A. Bone
B. Fat
C. Flesh
D. Ligament
5. Which of the following meat cuts requires long and slow cooking
temperature?
A. less tender C. tender
B. slightly tough D. tough
6. What is a long – bladed hatchet or a heavy knife used by a butcher?
A. butchers knife
B. chopper knife
C. cleaver knife
D. set of slicing knife
7. Which of the cooking methods does not belong to dry heat method?
A. baking
B. broiling
C. roasting
D. stewing
8. What do you call the cooking method when meat is cooked in steaming liquid,
and bubbles are breaking on the surface?
A. boiling
B. broiling
C. roasting
D. stewing
9. What is an oil-acid mixture which is used to enhance the flavor of meat.
A. brine solution
B. marinade
C. soy sauce and vinegar
D. salt and calamansi
10. Which of the following tools is used for carving?
A. cleaver knife
395
LM-Cookery Grade 10
B. fork
C. slicer
D. razor knife
11. To which meat cut do internal organs belong?
A. less tender cuts
B. tender cuts
C. tough cuts
D. variety cuts
12. Where should meat products be stored?
A. crisper
B. cold shelf
C. dry shelf
D. freezer
13. Which of the following is the tenderest cut of beef?
A. chunk
B. round cut
C. sirloin
D. tenderloin
14. When buying meat, what should you first consider?
A. brand
B. price
C. quality
D. round cut
19. In this method, salt, sugar, potassium or sodium nitrate etc. are used in
preserving meat by drying
A. curing
B. dehydration
C. freezing
D. salting
20. The following are the characteristics of good quality pork, except ___.
A. breast is plump
B. flesh is pink
C. no foul odor
D. texture is fine and firm
21. A tool used for cutting through bones.
A. butcher knife
B. chef knife
C. cleaver
D. utility knife
22. Used for carving and slicing cooked meats.
A. butcher knife
B. chef knife
C. slicer
D. utility knife
23. A knife used for general purposes.
A. Butcher knife
B. Chef knife
C. Cleaver
D. Utility knife
24. It is used in carving roasts chicken and duck.
A. Carving knife
B. Cleaver knife
C. Slicer
D. Utility knife
25. Used for cutting, trimming raw meats.
A. butcher knife
B. chef knife
C. cleaver
D. utility knife
26. Meat of swine is called:
A. Beef
B. Carabeef
C. Chevon
D. Pork
27. Veal is the meat of:
A. Cattle over 1 year old
B. Goat
397
LM-Cookery Grade 10
C. Sheep
D. Young calf
28. Deer meat is called:
A. Beef
B. Carabeef
C. Chevon
D. Pork
29. Meat of cattle over 1 year old
A. Beef
B. Carabeef
C. Pork
D. Chevon
30. Meat of sheep is called:
A. Lamb
B. Carabeef
C. Pork
D. Chevon
A. Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter
that best describes the statement. Write your answer on your test
notebook.
1. Which of the following sources of starch is rarely used in manufacturing food
starch?
A. Cassava C. Potato
B. Corn D. Rice
2. Which of the following starch properties/reactions is the resistance to flow;
increase in thickness or consistency.
A. Dextrinization C. Retrogadation
B. Gelatinization D. Viscosity
3. Which of the following is suggested if you will hold pasta for a short time for later
service?
A. Cook pasta ahead of time and chilled
B. Drain and add sauce
C. Drain, toss with a small amount of oil, cover and hold in warmer
398
LM-Cookery Grade 10
7. Which of the following are the right step by step procedures in manual
dishwashing?
A. Drain and air-dry, scrape and pre-rinse, rinse, sanitize, and wash dishes.
B. Rinse, scrape and pre-rinse, wash, drain, air-dry and sanitize dishes
C. Scrape and pre-rinse, rinse, wash, sanitize, drain and air-dry dishes
D. Scrape and pre-rinse, wash, rinse, sanitize, drain and air-dry dishes
8. Which of the following parts of an egg is produced by the oviduct and consist of
four alternating layers of thick and thin consistencies.
A. Air cell C. Chalaza
B. Albumen D. Yolk
9. Egg contains high quality protein with all the essential amino acids. Which of the
following vitamins not found in eggs?
A. B1 C. D
B. C D. K
10. The appearance of egg is important for consumer appeal. How are egg shells
evaluated?
A. cleanliness, shape, texture and soundness
B. grade, texture, cleanliness, shape
C. shape, texture, cleanliness and size
D. texture, soundness, size and cleanliness
399
LM-Cookery Grade 10
11. Which of the following market forms of eggs is seldom used in cooking.
A. Dried egg C. Frozen egg
B. Fresh egg D. Shelled egg
12. Which of the following raises coagulation temperature producing softer, weaker
gel when added to egg used in culinary.
A. Alkali C. Sugar
B. Salt D. Vinegar
13. What kind of egg dish is prepared by slipping shelled eggs into barely simmering
water and gently cooking until the egg holds its shape?
A. Fried egg C. Scrambled egg
B. Poached egg D. Soft-boiled egg
14. Which of the following tools is not used in cooking omelet?
A. Bowls C. Sauté pan
B. Fork D. Skimmer
15. Which of the following is true in plating egg dishes?
A. Choose serving dish small enough to let each food item stand out
B. Play with color and texture
C. Protein dish should cover half of the plate
D. Use even numbers in setting the dish.
B. Fryer D. Squab
22. What part of poultry does breast meat belongs?
A. Dark meat C. Variety meat
B. Tough meat D. White meat
23. Which of the following characteristics is a good quality of a live poultry?
A. Free from pin feathers and shows no cuts
B. Eyes are clear
C. Skin is heavy and watery
D. Thighs well develop
24. What do you call young chicken that is usually 9 to 12 weeks of age?
A. Fryer C. Roaster
B. Hen D. Stag
25. How many days should a whole chicken be refrigerated?
A. 1 day C. 2 to 4 days
B. 1 to 2 days D. 3 to 4 days
401
LM-Cookery Grade 10
33. What do you call the cooking method when meat is cooked in steaming liquid
and bubbles are breaking on the surface?
A. Boiling
B. Broiling
C. Roasting
D. Stewing
34. What is an oil-acid mixture which is use to enhance the flavor of meat.
A. Brine solution
B. Marinade
C .Soy sauce and vinegar
D. Salt and calamansi
A. Expiration date
B. Fragility
C. Quantity
D. Size
41. What is the flavor component of vegetables which gives strong flavor and odor to
some vegetables like onions, leeks, garlic, chives, cabbage, and broccoli?
A. Flavonoids C. Sugar
C. Glutamic acid D. Sulfur compounds
42. Which is a way of cooking by placing blanched or raw vegetables in the pan,
adding liquid (stock, water, wine) then covering and cooking it slowly? A. Boiling
C. Braising
B. Baking D. Sautéing
B. Boiling D. Sautéing
50. What is used to baste lean fish to help prevent from drying up?
A. Butter C. Soy sauce
B. Cream D. Tomato sauce
SYNTHESIS
Over the past years, a transition in cooking and food preparation skills has
been observed. This transition in cooking and food preparation skills involves the
increased use of readily prepared or cooked food, which require less preparation
and time than the traditional way of cooking. But cooking is an expression of
creativity, happiness, magic, and culture. The satisfaction gained by the chef and
other persons preparing, cooking, serving and storing the food is unquestionable;
not to mention the pleasure it gives to the customer.
Different food products may come and go but the demand for food cooked in
traditional way, in restaurants, food chains, and others is indispensable. Varieties of
foods such as egg, cereal and starch, vegetables, seafood, red meat, poultry dishes
and also stocks, soups and sauces are still made available to meet the customer’s
satisfaction.
Taste is not the only sense that can motivate customers but touch also play
with contrasts of temperatures and textures, and so with smell and sight for colors,
shapes and others, whereby the five senses become one of the main points of
reference in the creative cooking process.
Now, if you have a passion for delicious food and love for cooking gain
applicable and practical guidance that will teach you to become successful chef or
businessman in the field of cookery someday.
404
LM-Cookery Grade 10
GLOSSARY
aromatic– having a smell of fragrant spicy
béchamel sauce – a white sauce made of cream, butter, flour and flavored with
onion and seasoning.
Birefringence - When starch granules are viewed under the microscope using
polarized light, they exhibit a phenomenon known as
birefringence. The refraction of polarized light by the intact
crystalline regions in starch give characteristic "Maltese cross"
patterns on each granule. The disappearance of these crosses
on heating a starch suspension can be used to determine
gelatinization temperature.
bouillon – a clear soup from beef, chicken, and other meat.
dressed - slaughtered birds that have been bled, defeathered and the
organs are removed
drippings- the juice that drips from roasting or baking meat or a sauce
made from it.
entrails- the animals internal organs such as liver, heart and gizzard
entrees – main course
foodhandling – any operation in the production, preparation, processing,
packaging, storage, transport, distribution and sale of food
Haugh – unit for describing egg freshness, based on the thickness of the
albumen
Leavener - substances that are used to make bread and other baked goods
rise
406
LM-Cookery Grade 10
plump – fleshy
simmer – to cook very gently in water just below the boiling point
407
LM-Cookery Grade 10
suitable– appropriate
white meat- includes the white, fleshy part of the chicken such as the
breast.
REFERENCE
Food service and Catering Management: A Practical Guide
Copyright Liberty Commodities Corporation., 2004
ANVIL Publishing Incorporated
8007-B Pioneer Street., Barangay Kapitoloyo, Pasig City 1603 Philippines
Editing by Rory C. Subida pp. 1- 19, 57 – 58
408
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Chavez, Libia L., et.al., (2006). Basic Foods for Filipinos, 4 th edition. Copyright by Merriam
and Webbster Bookstore, InC. pp. 299 – 322
http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=916
Copyright © 2008 FNRI-DOST. All Rights ReserveD.
Updated January 2014
DOST Compound, Bicutan, Taguig City
Tel. Nos. (02) 837-2934/837-3164
Catch That Daily Egg Habit
FNRI DIGEST
Written by ADORACION U. MONDALA, Supervising Science Research Specialist
http://startcooking.com/seven-ways-to-present-food-like-a-chef
Seven Ways to Present Food Like a Chef
409
LM-Cookery Grade 10
https://www.incredibleegg.org/health-and-nutrition/egg-nutrients/nutrient-chart
http://www.eggs.ca/eggs101/view/39/egg-storage-freshness-and-food-safety
Eggs 101
Filter by Category
Egg Storage, Freshness & Food Safety
http://eu.foodinnovation.com/dictionary/B.asp
The National Starch Food Innovation Logo is a trademark of National
Starch LLC
All rights reserveD. All contents Copyright © 2014
Carson, Byrta, M.S., et.al., How you Plan and Prepare Meals, Third edition copyright
1980 by McGraw-Hill, InC. pp. 353 -363
Bennion, Marion and Scheule, Barbara, Introductory Foods, Twelfth Edition
Copyright 2004 by Pearson education, InC., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
http://fooD.oregonstate.edu/learn/starch.html
Starch
Updated: Wednesday, May 23, 2012.
Johnson, J.M., E.A. Davis, and J. Gordon. 1990. Interactions of starch and sugar
water measured by electron spin resonance and differential scanning calorimetry.
Cereal Chemistry 67(3): 286-291.
Bean, M.M. and W.T. Yamazaki. 1978. Wheat starch gelatinization in sugar soutions.
I. Scurose: Microscopy and viscosity effects. Cereal Chemistry 55(6): 936-944.
Tadle, Julieta D. Technology and Home Economics, Culinary Arts Fourth Year.
Phoenix Publishing House, InC. Copyright 1995 reprinting 2002 pp. 90-103
http://chestofbooks.com/health/nutrition/Dietetics-3/Principles-In-Cooking-
Cereals.html#.UxVQwOPuIvg
This section is from the book "Practical Dietetics: With Reference To Diet In
Disease", by Alida Frances Pattee. Also available from Amazon: Practical Dietetics:
With Reference to Diet in Disease.
410
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Chavez, Lilia C., Basic Foods for Filipinos-4th Edition, Meat Safety,2006, pp. 323-350
Sandoval, Maria Teresa G., Culinary Arts I and II, 1993, pp. 87-89
Navarro, Leticia S. et al., Homemaking for You and Me III; Food Management and
Consumerism, pp. 33-34
De Leon, Sonia Y., Ph.D et al., Basic Foods for Filipino, 1999,
pp. 231-253
Chavez, Lilia C., Basic Foods for Filipinos-4th Edition, Meat Safety, 2006,
pp. 323-350
411
LM-Cookery Grade 10
Chavez, Lilia C., Basic Foods for Filipinos-4th Edition, Meat Safety, 2006,
pp. 323-350
The professional Chef, 8th edition
The Culinary Institute of America
Copyright 2006 by the The Culinary Institute of America
Published by John Wiley and Sons, Inc, Hoboken New Jersey Pages 343-351
Tabbada, Epifania V., et.al. Technology and Home Economics. Reprinted 1997,
copyright 1993 by Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. pp. 77 – 80
Ingram, Gays G.;Essential Dictionary of Culinary Arts
pp. 190 – 195
Dora S. Lewis, et al, FAMILY MEALS AND HOSPITALITY Copyright 1955 240 – 253
Sonia Y. De Leon, Ph. D. et al, BASIC FOODS FOR FILIPINOS Copyright 1999
pp. 258 – 268
http://www.ifooD.tv/recipe/white-chicken-stock
http://ayeshahaq.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/chicken-stock.jpg
http://www.videojug.com/film/how-to-make-beef-stock
http://howtocook.casaveneracion.com/how-to-make-fish-stock/
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
3lQhBUSQkFU/TnihLsD8GbI/AAAAAAAAAIU/hw26OiyEPS4/s1600/DSC_4814.JPG
412
LM-Cookery Grade 10
http://www.blisstree.com/2010/02/26/food/cooking-essentials-mirepoix/
http://mouthyhousewives.com/wendi/hey-hey-hey-its-a-cooking-planit-spice-
giveaway
http://www.amazon.com/b?node=16310281
http://www.itslife.in/vegetarian-recipes/soups/carrot-cucumber-clear-vegetable-soup
http://cbsop.com/recipes/thick-and-creamy-potato-bacon-soup/
http://www.nfsmi.org/documentlibraryfiles/PDF/20100210101846.pdf
http://www.nfsmi.org/documentlibraryfiles/PDF/20100210101846.pdf
http://www.lakusinA.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/image15.png
http://www.chicken.org.au/page.php?id=12
http://www.vitaille.com/reference/techniques/fabricatechicken/fabricatechicken.php
http://bbq.about.com/od/marinaderecipes/tp/Top-10-Pork-Marinade-Recipes.htm
http://www.spike.com/articles/clyn4o/the-top-10-marinades-every-man-must-know
http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/cookingmethods/a/dryheatmoist.htm
http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/dryheatcooking/a/roasting.htm
http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/dryheatcooking/a/grilling.htm
http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/dryheatcooking/a/sauteing.htm
http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/dryheatcooking/a/deepfrying.htm
http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/cookingmethods/a/dryheatmoist.htm
http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/moistheatcooking/a/boiling.htm
http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/moistheatcooking/a/steaming.htm
http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/moistheatcooking/a/braising.htm
http://startcooking.com/seven-ways-to-present-food-like-a-chef
413
LM-Cookery Grade 10
http://www.unileverfoodsolutions.com.sg/our-services/your-menu/food-presentation
http://www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/ham-and-cheese-frittata#ixzz36CpQIoa7
http://panlasangpinoy.com/2013/02/12/chicken-galantina-recipe/
414