Review On The Industrial Waste As A Building Material. Jaya Rathore
Review On The Industrial Waste As A Building Material. Jaya Rathore
MATERIAL
SUBMITTED BY: - JAYA RATHORE,
ABSTRACT
In India coal based thermal power plants are major source of electricity generation. The
production of electricity brings along few problems that is generation of huge amount of
Construction and Demolition (C&D) every year. We can use these Construction and
Demolition material after recycle as a Composite Materials. Composites are being more and
more important as it can helps in improving the quality of life. Now a day Composites are
used in Automobiles, Pipelines, Building, Roads, and Bridges. This review paper provides
information about how to recycle Industrial Waste and use of Composite Material in Civil
Engineering field and Construction Industry. Use of Waste Material not only make the
cement concrete less expensive, but to provide a blend of tailored properties of Waste
Materials and Portland cement for suitable specified purpose. In this way we have chosen
three Industrial Waste for blending with Portland cement that is Fly ash , Blast Furnace Slag
and Waste of Glass Industry. All these three Wastes after grinding properly were blended
with Ordinary Portland cement in different proportions. Then that of blended cement was
tested for various properties of cement such as Fineness, Standard Consistency, Soundness,
Setting time and Compressive Strength. As all these three Wastes in powder form are of
Cementations Materials. They are proved to be best when blended with cement. We have got
improved results related to most of the properties of cement as compared to that of Ordinary
Portland cement. All these waste proves the slogans true that are, “Ash to Cash” or “Refuse
to Resources” or “Wastes to Wealth”. So such waste can be blended with cement is the step
towards economy and obviously towards progress of the Nation.
KEYWORDS
INTRODUCTION
The Industrial Waste Material that are commonly known as Blast Furnace Slag , Fly ash ,
Silica Fume(from power plant) , Recycled aggregates(from Demolition Sites). Partial
replacement of Portland cement with Waste Materials like Blast Furnace Slag, Fly ash, Silica
Fume, Recycled aggregates will be a great help in reducing environmental pollution and also
reduction in manufacturing of cement and other material that required for the Construction
activities.
Any Construction activity requires several materials such as Concrete, Steel,
Brick, Stone, Glass, Clay, Mud, and Wood and so on. However the cement concrete remains
the main construction material used in Construction Industries. For its suitability and
adaptability with respect to the changing environment, the concrete must be such that it can
conserve resources, protect the environment, economize and lead to proper utilization of
energy. To achieve this major emphasis must be laid on the use of wastes and by products in
cement and concrete used for new construction. The utilization of recycled aggregates is
particularly very promising as 75 percent of concrete is made of aggregates. The enormous
quantities of demolished concrete are available at various Construction Sites, which are now
posing a serious problem of disposal in urban areas. This can be recycled as used in concrete.
The following table presents a partial list of industrial waste materials that may
be used in highway construction:
Blast Furnace slag Steel Industry Base/ Sub-base material, Binder in soil
stabilization (ground slag)
Construction and Construction Industry Base/ Sub-base material, bulk fill, recycling
Demolition waste
1. FLYASH
These are obtained as by products from thermal power stations. They can be used for
manufacturing of Portland Pozzolana cement by using 15-35% of fly ash. Cement concrete
lime, fly ash mortar, cellular concrete, bricks and tiles, established work are being used Now-
a-days these are best for its engineering and mechanical properties.
SiO2 58.78
Fe2O3 9.31
Al2O3 26.92
CaO 1.77
MgO 0.68
N2O 0.28
K2O 1.44
Loss on Ignition (%) by weight 0.72
These are obtained from the manufacturing of steel as by products. It is of three types:-
2. Foamed type
3. Granular type
1. Aggregate Impact Value IS: 2386 ( Pt. 17-25% 40% Max. 30% Max.
IV )
2. Los angles abrasion Value IS: 2386 (Pt. 28-32% 50% Max. 35% Max.
IV )
SiO2 1-37
CaO 2-33
MnO Up to 6
FeO Up to 2.5
MgO 1-10
Al2O3 22-27
3. RECYCLED AGGREGATES
Recycled aggregates are aggregate obtained from Construction and Demolition waste (C&D),
from residential, commercial, industries structures. This aggregate can be reused in all the
construction activities with some % of volume of construction in order to have the some
mechanical properties of hardened concrete without deposing these waste materials in to the
environment.
Conventional
Aggregate 2.85 1.2 18.59 12.46 6.27
Recycled
Aggregate 2.48 3.8 27.13 24.62 6.77
4. SILICA FUME
Silica fume is a by product of producing silicon metal or ferrosilicon alloys. One of the most
beneficial uses for silica fume is in concrete. The individual particles are extremely small,
approximately 1/100th the size of an average cement particle. Because of its fine particles,
large surface area and the high Sio2 content silica fume is a very reactive pozzolana when
used in concrete. It will be used in high strength or high performance concrete to improve the
properties.
5. PLASTIC WASTES
The rapid Urbanization and Industrialization in India has resulted in large deposition of
plastic wastes. Plastic wastes consisting carry begs, cups, etc. can be used as a coating over
aggregate and this coated stone can be used for road construction as cement and asphalt
concrete.
6. RUBBER WASTE
Discarded vehicle tires constitute an important part of waste material, which had historically
been disposed of into landfill. The production of waste by the tire industry has been a
growing problem, indicating the need for its reuse in the construction field. Rubber can be
added to asphalt, which in creates its durability and improve pavement quality and safety
conditions by absorbing the rubber elastic properties. Rubber can also be used for concrete
pavements for light traffics.
COST COMPRASION
Blended cement is definitely cheaper than ordinary Portland cement.
Saving is the cost will be different at different places; depends upon distances of the
sources of wastes.
CONCLUSION
Minimum wastes promote not only reuse and recycling, but also and more importantly,
promotes prevention – designs that consider the entire product life cycle. These new designs
will strive for reduced materials use, use of recycled materials, and use of more benign
materials, longer product lives, repair ability, and ease of disassembly at end of life. It
strongly supports sustainability by protecting the environment, reducing costs and producing
additional jobs in the management and handling of wastes back into the industrial cycle. A
maximum use of waste materials may be applied to business, communities, industrial sectors,
schools and homes. Also the utilization of waste materials like solid wastes, hazardous waste
will protect the environment and lead to a much more productive, efficient, and sustainable
future.
After testing blended cement with different proportions, following conclusions are
drawn:-
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