Legal Separaion

THE LAW ON SEPARATION OF SPOUSES
A. Concep of Sepa a ion and Di o ce

(1) Benedic o . De la Rama (Na ag)
Doc ine: Di ce d e a he a iage b a h i e a e aai f he e a d a
di i f he c j ga a e hi .
Fac : Thi i a ac i f di ce. The c ai , hich a fi ed Oc be 29, 1901, a eged, a he

g d he ef a e aba d e a d ad e . The a e cha ged he ai iff i h ad e , de ied he
ad e i ed he defe da , a d a ked f a di ce. J dg e a e de ed J 5, 1902, i fa
f he ai iff, g a i g he a di ce a d 81,042.76 e a he ha e f he c j ga e . The
defe da e ce ed he j dg e a d ed f a e ia he g d ha he fac f d ee
j ified b he e ide ce. Thi i a de ied, a d he defe da e ce ed.
La 1, i e 10, f he f hh par ida, defi e di ce a f :

Di or i m, i La i , ea , i c eech, e a a i (depar imien o), a d i he ea b hich he ife
i e a a ed f he h ba d, a d he h ba d f he ife, acc f e i edi e e i i g
be ee he , he i i e ed i c . A d h e e e a a e he a ie i a he a , d i g
i b f ce, c a a , i g agai ha hich i aid b Je Ch i , i he G e: "h e h
G d a h j i ed ge he , e a a de ." B he he e a e e a a ed b a , i i he
c ide ed ha a e a a e he , b he i e a , a d he i edi e e i i g be ee he . A d
di or io ake i a ef he e a a i f he i f a a d a , hich a e i a c a a e he
e a a ed, ha he e e he he a ie e e i ed.
La 2 f he a e i e i a f :
P e eaki g he e a e f f e aai hich he a e f di ce a be gi e a d
ea he ef ; he e a e a ea hich b i g ab he e a a i f h e h a ea be a ied
b ae b ea f e i edi e be ee he . Of he e ea , e i e igi a d he
he he i f f ica i .
La 2, i e 9, f he f h a ida, ide i a a f :
"H ba d a d ife a acc e each he , i a he a ha h e e i ed i he ecedi g a ; a d
ha i f ad e . A d if he acc a i be ade i h a ie e a a i g he a ie f i i g ge he ,
f ha i g a c e ce i h each he , he e b he e he e e ca ake a
acc a i f ch a ca e, a d i gh be ade bef e he bi h he ecc e ia ica j dge ( fficia )
ei he b he a ie he e e hei a e . * * * A d i a he a i a i hich he h ba d ca
acc e he ife, e i ed i he e a , he ife a i ike a e , acc di g h ch ch, acc e
hi , if he ch e; a d he gh be hea d, a he i hi e f." Whi e La 2 f i e 10 ee eak f
he ad e f he ife, hi c ea gi e he ife he igh acc e he h ba d f ad e f he e f
ec i g a e a a i .
I e: D di ce dec ee a a iage ? N .

*N e ( e i ed i he ca e): The e a diffe e ce be ee id, idab e, a d eg. e . I eg. e ., a i
hi a a a g i a g baha e a ied a i i a a d e egi e i e a a i f e . Va id a d
b i i g a i g a iage i a. S a ca e a , di ced i a e a id a i g a iage beca e
di ce d e a he a iage b a h i e a e aai f he e a d a di i f he
c j ga a e hi .*
Block 5 Page 1 f 57
R ling: The par idas ec g i ed ad e a a g d f di ce. The ef e, acc di g he ci i a e a
he ca ica a i f ce he e A g 13, 1898, he c i i f ha ffe e ga e he i j ed a he
igh a di ce. Tha i i f he ci i a a e ea ed b he cha ge f e eig .
The di ce did a he a iage. La 3, i e 2, a ida 4, a , a g he , he f i g:

"Ye , i h a hi , he a e a a e, if e f he c i he i f ad e , j i a e igi de , i h
he c e f he he , af e he ha e k each he ca a . A d i h a di g he e a a e f e
f he e ca e , ge i e ge he , e he a iage i di ed ha acc ."
S g ea i he ie a d f ce f a iage ha he ega c ac ed i ca be di ed, i h a di g

e f he a ie h d he e ic Je M h dc i ad e . Ne e he e , f a f he e
ca e he a be e a a ed b a j dg e f he ch ch, a i e ge ge he , ha e a
ca a c ec i i h e a he , acc di g ha i aid i he i e he c e g , i he a hich begi
i h he d ' g d eag .'
The ad e f he defe da a d ed. The fi di g ha he ai iff had c i ed ad e i ,

h e e , ai a d a ife agai he eigh f he e ide ce. We a i e a hi e f a
c ide a i chief f he ad i ed fac i he ca e, he i a f hich i he e e i e b he
ai iff he defe da Ma ch 6, 1899, a d f d a age 168 a d 195. Thi i i i e f ac ica
c c i e agai he . A i f ha e e i a f :
E., I s ill fell ashamed for he pas , al ho gh i is se en ears since e separa ed. For his, hen, Es eban,
pardon me for pi 's sake. Wipe o he pas . Remember me for he lo e of God. Con empla e o r nhapp
fa e. To o I look o ass age m sorro . E., I ha e heard ha o ha e had some misfor nes la el . I send
m s mpa h , al ho gh I am n or h of o r presence.
A a d e a k he h ba d b he a , ha e c a i he , a d, i a fa ,
d e a ha he i h f hi e e ce i beca e he ha a ked hi f a a a ce,
e hi g hich, acc di g he be ief, he had a he i e a e fec ega igh . The e e i a
c fe i fg i .
I i aid ha if he ai iff i g i he defe da ha c d ed he ffe e. I i ece a de e i e

hi i he e he h ie f ea : (1) he c be ade fi di g f fac he bjec ;
(2) e e if i f d ha he e a c d a i hi d ha e e i ed he ai iff a di ce.
B La 6, i e 9, par ida 4, he ife ca defea he h ba d' i f di ce b i g ha he ha a d ed

he . B e ha e f d a i he par idas hich a ha he effec f ha a d d be
fa - eachi g a e i e he a di ce agai hi i a ca e ike he e e e. O he c a i i
e e ided i La 8, i e 2, par ida 4, a f : For he sin of each one of hem is of i self a bar o an
acc sa ion agains he o her.
O c c i i ha ei he e f he a ie i e i ed a di ce.
The e ake i ece a c ide ha a f he j dg e hich e a e he e e e f he
c j ga a e hi . Sec i 497 a h i e i ca e f hi ki d " ake ch fi di g he fac a d
e de ch fi a j dg e a j ice a d e i e i e."
Block 5 Page 2 f 57
1. Sepa a ion in fac
FC 238-248, 101(3)
FC 238. U i dified b he S e e C , he ced a e ided f i hi Ti e ha a a
ega d e aai i fac be ee h ba d a d ife, aba d e b e f he he , a d i cide
i i g ae a a h i .( )
FC 239. Whe a h ba d a d ife a e e a a ed i fac , e ha aba d ed he he a d e f he

eek j dicia a h i a i f a a ac i he e c e f he he e i e i ed b a b ch i
i hhe d ca be b ai ed, a e ified e i i a be fi ed i c a egi g he f eg i g fac .
The e i i ha a ach he ed deed, if a , e b d i g he a ac i , a d, if e, ha de c ibe i
de ai he aid a ac i a d a e he ea h he e i ed c e he e ca be ec ed. I a
ca e, he fi a deed d e ec ed b he a ie ha be b i ed a d a ed b he c .( )
FC 240. C ai f da age b ei he e, e ce c f he ceedi g , a be i iga ed i a

e a a e ac i . ( )
FC 241. J i dic i e he e i i ha , f f ice he he e, be e e ci ed b he

e c a h i ed hea fa i ca e , if e e i , i he egi a ia c i e i ae i i gi
he ace he e ei he f he e e ide . ( )
FC 242. U he fi i g f he e i i , he c ha if he he e, h e c e he a ac i
i e i ed, f aid e i i , de i g aid e h ca e h he e i i h d be g a ed,
bef e he da e e i aid ice f he i i ia c fe e ce. The ice ha be acc a ied b a c f he
e i i a d ha be e ed a he a k add e f he e c ce ed. ( )
FC 243. A e i i a c fe e ce ha be c d c ed b he j dge e a ih he a ie bei g

a i ed b c e . Af e he i i ia c fe e ce, if he c dee i ef , he a ie a be a i ed b
c e a he cceedi g c fe e ce a d hea i g . ( )
FC 244. I ca e f -a ea a ce f he e h e c e i gh , he c ha i iei he
ea f hi fai e a ea , a d ha e ie ch a ea a ce, if ib e. ( )
FC 245. If, de i e a eff , he a e da ce f he -c e i g e i ec ed, he c a

ceed e a e a d e de j dg e a he fac a d ci c a ce a a a . I a ca e, he j dge
ha e dea ec he i e e f he -a ea i g e. ( )
FC 246. If he e i i i e ed a he i i ia c fe e ce, aid e i i ha be decided i a a

hea i g he ba i f affida i , d c e a e ide ce a e i ie a he d di c e i f he
c . If e i i eeded, he c ha ecif he i e e be hea d a d he bjec - a e f hei
e i ie , di ec i g he a ie e e aid i e e .( )
FC 247. The j dg e f he c ha be i edia e fi a a d e ec .( )
FC 248. The e i i f j dicia a h i ad i i e e c be ecific e aae e f he

aba d i g e a d e he f i ceed he e f f he f he fa i ha a be
g e ed b he e e . ( )
Block 5 Page 3 f 57
FC 101(3). A e i dee ed ha e aba d ed he he he he he ha ef he c j ga d e i g
ih i e i f e i g. The e h ha ef he c j ga d e i g f a e i d f h ee h
ha fai ed i hi he a e e i d gi e a i f ai a hi he he eab ha be i a facie
e ed ha e i e i f e i g he c j ga d e i g. (178a)
(2) Villan e a Chiong (Od onia)

Fac : Re de F e i a d E i e a Chi g e e a ied e i e i Ja a 1960 b ha e bee
e a a ed i fac i ce 1975. D i g hei a iage, he ac i ed L N . 997-D-1 i a ed a P b aci ,
Di g Ci a d c e ed b T a fe Ce ifica e f Ti e (TCT) N . (T-19393)-2325, 3 i ed b he Regi f
Deed f Za b a ga de N e. S e i e i 1985, F e i d he e-ha f e e i f he
e i i e f P8,000, a ab e i i a e . The eaf e , F e i a ed e i i e cc 4 he
a d b id a e, a h , a d a h e he e . Sh af e hei a i a e a e Dece be 13,
1986, 5 e i i e de a ded f e de he e ec i f a deed f a e i hei fa . E i e a,
h e e , ef ed ig a deed f a e.
E i e a fi ed f ie i g f i e i h da age hich a g a ed b he egi a ia c . Thi a a ea ed

bef e he C f a ea hich affi ed he deci i f RTC he ce, hi e i i . The e i i e i he
ca e a ba a g e ha he e i he e c i e e fF e i a d a c j ga e he ce, i ca
be d ih he c e f E i e a. F he e, he a g e ha i ce he a e a ead e a a ed, i ha
a ead di ed hei e eai . O he he ha d, E i e a a g e ha he a e a ade i h
he c e a d I , bei g a c j ga e , i h d be a d id.
I e: Whe he he a e ade b F e i i h he e i i e h d be a d id f acki g he c e

f he f e ife?
R ling: N , h e e , i i idab e. The e e c ed ha b i e f A . 178 f he ci i c de, he

e a a i be ee h ba d a d ife i h j dicia a a ha affec he c j ga a e hi he ce,
he e ai i c j ga a e. F he e, a a ed b A . 166, F a ci c ca e a f hei ea
e ih hi ife c e . D e hi , E i e a ha he igh e i he aid a e hich a
a eged ade i h he c e b i e f A . 173.
The C e de ed a deci i i fa f E i e a a d di i ed he a ea f he e i i e . The C a
de ed F a ci c gi e back he e i i e , he a f P8000 hich a ed b he aid a d.
2. Ag eemen o epa a e
FC 1, NCC 221(1)
FC 1. Ma iage i a ecia c ac f e a e i be ee a a a d a a e e ed i i
acc da ce i h a f he e ab i h e f c j ga a d fa i ife. I i he f da i f he fa i a d a
i i ab e cia i i i h e a e, c e e ce , a d i cide aeg e ed b a a d bjec
i a i , e ce ha a iage e e e a fi he e eai d i g he a iage i hi he i i
ided b hi C de.
NCC 221(1). A ic e 221. The f i g ha be id a d f effec :

(1) A c ac f e a e a a i be ee h ba d a d ife;
(2) E e e a-j dicia ag ee e , d i g a iage, f he di i f he c j ga a e hi f gai f
he ab ec i f e be ee h ba d a d ife;
(3) E e c i b ai a dec ee f ega e a a i , fa e f a iage;
(4) A i a ed a ie a i f e ihi e de i e he c hei f hei egi i e.
Block 5 Page 4 f 57
(3) E i a O a a (Repea ed)
3. Ab ol e di o ce
(a) Di o ce nde he Famil Code, FC 26(2)
FC 26(2). Whe e a a iage be ee a Fi i i ci i e a d a f eig e i a id ce eb a ed a d a di ce i
he eaf e a id b ai ed ab ad b he a ie e ca aci a i g hi he e a , he Fi i i e
ha ha e ca aci e a de Phi i i e a . (A a e ded b E ec i e O de 227)
(4) Go a eb Ha him, G.R. N . 25577, Ma ch 3, 1927 (Tagle)

Doc ine: The c i g f he di ce i Ne ada a a e e de ice he a f he defe da id hi ef
f he b iga i c ea ed b he j dg e f he Phi i i e c . Thi bei g e, he di ce g a ed b he
Ne ada c ca be ec g i ed b he c f hi c .
Fac : O N e be 12, 1920, he CFI-Ma i a e de ed a j dge e e i i g he defe da , Ha hi

(h ba d, defe da ), a G a eb ( ife, ai iff) a h i e db a f . O Dece be 24,
1923, he CFI a a ded G a eb e a e a i a he a e f P500 e h. Thi a affi ed b he
C a ea .
Ha hi a d G a eb ha e bee e a ged a d i i g a a f 12 ea . D i g hi e i d, each ha

a e ed c ic he he f i fide i . Whi e he deci i f c ai f a i de e i ed,
Ha hi e he US he e he a ab e c e a di ce dec ee f he S a e f Ne ada. He e
back he Phi i i e a d G a eb fi ed a i i ci i ca e N . 19115, a egi g ha he defe da had
fai ed a he e i f P500 e h, a d a i g ha he be adj dged be i c e fc a d
ha he be fi ed a d e e ced i i e f i h a d i he h d c i h he de .
Ha hi , a e i g he di ce dec ee he b ai ed i Ne ada, hi a iage he G a eb a a ead
di ed he ef e e ea i g hi f he j dg e f he e c . The C f a ea decided ha
de i e he di ce dec ee Ha hi h d c i e a i g he ai iff P100 e h. Ha hi a ea ed,
he ce hi ca e.
I he he
e: W he ci i iabi i f he Ha hi f he h i e d hich ha bee j dicia a a ded
he ai iff i b i ? YES
R ling: Ha hi b iga i G a eb a he i e d ca be affec ed b he Ne ada di ce. The

C he d ha he c i g f he di ce i Ne ada a a e e de ice he a f he defe da id
hi e f f he b iga i c ea ed b he j dg e f he Phi i i e c , a d hi e a j i he S a e
f Ne ada a a ee e acc a ied b a ge i e i e i hi a ac i e a ega d ici e i
ha S a e. Thi bei g e, he di ce g a ed b he Ne ada c ca be ec g i ed b he c f hi
c .
I Ra i e . G , he c he d ha he co r of a co n r in hich nei her of he spo ses is domiciled and

o hich one or bo h of hem ma resor merel for he p rpose of ob aining a di orce has no j risdic ion o
de ermine heir ma rimonial s a s; and a di orce gran ed b s ch a co r is no en i led o recogni ion
else here. T gi e a c j i dic i he g d f he ai iff' e ide ce i he S a e c f he
j dicia f , hi e ide ce be bona fide. If a e ea e he fa i d ici e f he e e f
b ai i g a di ce i a he S a e, i h i e i f e ai i g, hi e ide ce he e i fficie
c fe j i dic i he c f ha a e.
F he , he c he d ha he a ie c ac ed a iage i S ia, i ead f he Phi i i e , i a e ia

he ca e. The fac ha he c ac ed a f c ea ed he a f a ied e a d he e i i hi
ca e i he a iage, b a he di ce b ai ed i he S a e f Ne ada. The dec ee ha f ce,
he ce, ide j ifica i f he Ha hi fai e a ai .
Block 5 Page 5 f 57
O he no e : Sec i 309 f he C de f he Ci i P ced e, dec a i g ha a j dg e b ai ed i a
A e ica c ha ha e he a e effec i he Phi i i e I a d a i he ace he e ch j dg e a
b ai ed, c ai a a ifica i e e ed i he f i g d : "e ce ha i ca be e f ce he e b
a ac i ecia ceedi g." I ea ha affi a i e ac i ha be ake i he Phi i i e I a d
gi e effec he f eig j dg e a he e he ai iff de i e b ai e ec i e i he e
I a d a i f a j dg e b ai ed ab ad. B a dec ee f di ce e a e he a iage a ; a d if
effec i e a a , i di e he a iage ie, i h he ece i f a affi a i e ceedi g i a he
c .A a a e, a ha a i e ded be ec ed b he i i e i i g a ac i ceedi g he e
a ha he c f hi c h d ha e a i a j dicia he efficac f he
j dg e . The defe da eaded he dec ee f di ce b a f defe e i hi a e ; a d if he dec ee f
di ce had bee ch a ha e e i ed i ec g i i he e, he defe da c d i i i ha e
b ai ed he be efi f i i hi ac i .
Di po i i e: I e ha e fi d e ha e e i he a ea ed j dge e , ei he a ega d he iabi i

f he defe da f a i i a . The j dge e a ea ed f i he ef e be affi ed, a d i i
de ed, i h c agai he a e a .
(5) Tencha e Esca o (Repea ed)

(6) Van Dorn Romillo (Repea ed)
(7) Somera Pilapil (Repea ed)
(b) Di o ce nde he M lim Code

MC 45-55
MC 45. Defini ion and forms. Di ce i he f a di i f he a iage b d i acc da ce i h hi C de
be g a ed af e e ha i fa ib e ea f ec ci ia i be ee he e . I a be effec ed b :
1. Re dia i f he ife b he h ba d ( a a );
2. V f c i e ce b he h ba d (i a);
3. I j i a a iai f he ife b he h ba d ( iha );
4. Ac fi eca i ( i'a );
5. Rede i b he ife (kh ');
6. E e ci e b he ife f he de ega ed igh e dia e ( af d);
7. J dicia dec ee (fa kh)
MC 46. Di orce b alaq.

1. A di ce b a a a be affec ed b he h ba d i a i g e e dia i f hi ife d i g he - e a
e i d ( h ) i hi hich he ha a ab ai ed f ca a e a i i h he . A be f e dia i
ade d i g e h ha c i e e e dia i a d ha bec e i e cab e af e he e i a i f
he e c ibed 'idda.
2. A h ba d h e dia e hi ife, ei he f he fi ec d i e, ha ha e he igh ake he back ( j )
i hi he e c ibed 'idda b e i f c habi a i ih eed f a e c ac f a iage. Sh d he
fai d , he e dia i ha bec e i e cab e (Ta a bai g a).
MC 47. D i orce b Ila. Whe e a h ba d ake a ab ai f a ca a e a i (i a) i h hi ife a d

kee ch i a f a e i d e ha f h , he a be g a ed a dec ee f di ce b he c af e d e
ice a d hea i g.
Block 5 Page 6 f 57
MC 48. Di orce b ihar. Whe e he h ba d ha i j i a i i a ed ( iha ) hi ife a f hi e a i e i hi
he hibi ed deg ee f a iage, he ha a ef ai f ha i g ca a e a i i he ha ha e
ef ed he e c ibed e ia i . The ife a a k he c e i e he h ba d ef he e ia i
ce he a eg a a a h d he fai ef e d , ih ej dice he igh f eeki g he
a ia e e edie .
MC 49. Di orce b li'an. Whe e he h ba d acc e hi ife i c f ad e , a dec ee f e e a di ce

a be g a ed b he c af e d e hea i g a d af e he a ie ha ha e e f ed he e c ibed ac f
i eca i ( i'a ).
MC 50. Di orce b kh l'. The ife a , af e ha i g ffe ed e e ce he d e a a he

a f c ide a i f he e ea e (kh ') f he a iage b d, e i i he c f di ce. The c ha , i
ei i ca e a d af e fi i g he c ide a i , i e he c e di g dec ee.
MC 51. Di orce b af id. If he h ba d ha de ega ed ( af id) he ife he igh effec a a a a he i e f

he ce eb a i f he a iage he eaf e , he a e dia e he a iage a d he e dia i d ha e he
a e effec a if i e e ced b he h ba d hi e f.
MC 52. Di orce b faskh. The c a , he ife e i i , dec ee di ce b fa kh a f he ff g d :

a. Neg ec fai e f he h ba d ide f he fa i f a ea i c ec i e h
b. C ic i f he h ba d b fi a j dg e e e ci g hi i i e f a ea e ea ;
c. Fai e f he h ba d ef f i h ih ea ab e ca e hi aia b iga i i acc da ce
i h hi c de;
d. I e c f he h ba d;
e. I a i aff ic i f he h ba d i h a i c ab e di ea e hich d ake he c i a ce f he
a iage e a i hi i j i he fa i ;
f. U a c e f he h ba d a defi ed de he e cceedi g a ic e;
g. A he ca e ec g i ed de M i a f he di i f a iage b fa kh ei he a he i a ce f
he ife he e a i.
MC 53. Faskh on he gro nd of n s al cr el . A dec ee f fa kh he g d f a c e a be g a ed

b he c eii f he ife if he h ba d:
a. Habi a a a he ake he ife i e ab e b c e c d c e e if hi d e e i h ica i j
b. A cia e ih e fi -e e ead a i fa ife a e f ce he ife i ea i a ife;
c. C e he di e f he e c i e e e e he f e e ci i g he ega igh e i;
d. Ob c he i he b e a ce f he e igi ac ice ;
e. D e ea he j a d e i ab a e j i ed b I a ic a .
MC 54. Effec s of irre ocable alaq or faskh. A a a fa kh, a a i bec e i e cab e, ha ha e he

f i g effec :
a. The a iage b d ha be e e ed a d e a c ac a he a iage i acc da ce i h hi C de;
b. The e ha e hei a igh f i he i a ce;
c. The c d f chi d e ha be de e i ed i acc da ce i h A ic e 78 f hi c de;
d. The ife ha be e i ed ec e f he h ba d he h e d e i ca e he a a ha bee affec ed af e
he c ai f he a iage, e-ha f he e f if effec ed bef e i c ai ;
e. The h ba d ha be di cha ged f hi b iga i gi e i acc da ce i h A ic e 67; a d
f. The c j ga a e hi , if i a ed i he a iage e e e , ha be di ed a d i ida ed.
Block 5 Page 7 f 57
MC 55. Effec s of o her kinds of di orce. The i i f he a ic e i edia e ecedi g ha a he
di i f a iage b i a, iha , i'a a d kh ', bjec he effec fc ia ce i h he e i e e f he
I a ic a e a i e ch di ce .
(8) Lla e Rep blic (Repea ed)

(9) Zamoranos People (Repea ed)
B. Concep of legal epa a ion, compa e i h NCC 97
NCC 97. A icle 97. A e i i f ega e a a i a be fi ed:

(1) F ad e he a f he ife a d f c c bi age a f he h ba d a defi ed i he Pe a C de;
(2) A a e b e e agai he ife f he he . ( )
1. G o nd fo legal epa a ion

FC 55, RA 9262
FC 55. A e i i f ega e a a i a be fi ed a f he f i gg d :
1. Re ea ed h ica i e ce g ab i e c d c di ec ed agai he e i i e , a c chi d,
a chi d f he e i i e ;
2. Ph ica i e ce a e e c e he e i i e cha ge e igi i ica affi ia i ;
3. A e f e de c i d ce he e i i e , a c chi d, a chi d f he e i i e ,
e gage i i i , c i a ce i ch c i i d ce e ;
4. Fi a j dg e e e ci g he e de i i e f e ha i ea , e e if a d ed;
5. D g addic i habi a a c h i f he e de ;
6. Le bia i h e ai f he e de ;
7. C ac i g b e de f a b e e biga a iage, he he i he Phi i i e ab ad;
(8) Se a i fide i e e i ;
(9) A e b he e de agai he ife f he e i i e ;
(10) Aba d e f eii e b e de ih j ifiab e ca e f e ha e ea .
F e f hi A ic e, he e "chi d" ha i c de a chi d b a e b ad i . (9a)
Sec 19 RA 9262. Legal Separa ion Cases. I ca e f ega e a a i , he e i e ce a ecified i hi Ac

i a eged, A ic e 58 f he Fa i C de ha a . The c ha ceed he ai ca e a d he
i cide f he ca e a a ib e. The hea i g a a ica i f a ec i de fi ed b he
eii e be c d c ed i hi he a da ei d ecified i hi Ac .
AM N . 02-11-11-SC. Ma ch 4, 2003
Sec 2 AM No. 02-11-11-SC. Ma ch 4, 2003. Pe i ion. Who ma and hen o file.
A eii f ega e a a i a be fi ed b he h ba d he ife, a he ca e a be i hi fi e
ea f he i e f he cc e ce f a f he f i g ca e :
a. Re ea ed h ica i e ce g ab i e c d c di ec ed agai he e i i e , a c chi d,
b. Ph ica i e ce a e e c e he e i i e cha ge e igi i ica affi ia i ;
c. A e f e de c i d ce he e i i e , a c chi d, a chi d f he e i i e ,
d. Fi a j dg e e e ci g he e de i i e f e ha i ea , e e if a d ed;
Block 5 Page 8 f 57
e. D g addic i habi a a c h i f he e de ;
f. Le bia i h e ai f he e de ;
g. C ac i g b he e de f a b e e biga a iage, he he i ide he Phi i i e ;
h. Se a i fide i e e i f he e de ;
i. A e he ife f e i i e b he e de ;
j. Aba d e f eii e b e de ih j ifiab e ca e f e ha e ea .
(a) Se al infideli o pe e ion

FC 55(8), NCC 36, RPC 333-334, 247
FC 55(8). A e i i f ega e a a i a be fi ed a f he f i gg d :
(8) Se a i fide i e e i ;
NCC 36. A icle 36. P e-j dicia e i , hich be decided bef e a ci i a ec i a be

i i ed a ceed, ha be g e ed b e fc hich he S e e C ha ga e a d hich
ha be i c f ic i h he i i f hi C de.
RPC 333. ARTICLE 333. Wh a e G i f Ad e . Ad e i c i ed b a a ied a h

ha ha e e a i e c e iha a he h ba d a d b he a h ha ca a k edge f he ,
k i g he be a ied, e e if he a iage be b e e dec a ed id.
Ad e ha be i hed b i i c ecci a i i edi a d a i ei d .
If he e g i f ad e c i ed hi ffe e hi e bei g aba d ed i h j ifica i b he
ffe ded e, he e a e e i deg ee ha ha ided i he e ecedi g a ag a h ha be
i ed.
RPC 334. ARTICLE 334. C c bi age. A h ba d h ha kee a i e i he c j ga d e i g, ,

ha ha e e a i e c e, de ca da ci c a ce , i h a a h i hi ife, ha
c habi i h he i a he ace, ha be i hed b i i c ecci a i i i i a d edi
ei d .
The c c bi e ha ffe he e a f de ie .
RPC 247. ARTICLE 247. Dea h Ph ica I j ie I f ic ed U de E ce i a Ci c a ce . A ega

a ied e h , ha i g i ed hi e i he ac f c i i g e a i ec e i h a he
e , ha ki a f he b h f he i he ac i edia e he eaf e , ha i f ic he a
ei h ica i j , ha ffe he e a f de ie .
If he ha i f ic he h ica i j ie f a he ki d, he ha be e e f i h e .
The e e ha be a icab e, de he a e ci c a ce , ae i h e ec hei da gh e
de eigh ee ea f age, a d hei ed ce , hi e he da gh e a e i i g i h hei a e .
A e h ha e faci i a e he i i f hi ife da gh e , ha he i e ha e
c e ed he i fide i f he he e ha be e i ed he be efi f hi a ic e.
(10) Goi a Campos-R eda (Repea ed)
Block 5 Page 9 f 57
(11) Gandionco Pe a anda (R ol)
Doc ine: I ca e f ega e a a i he g d f c c bi age, ci i a ceedi g i ece a . A
dec ee f ega e a a i eed f f e de a ce f e ide ce.
Fac : Thi i a ecia ci i ac i f ce i a i i h i j c i a he de f J dge Pe a a da de i g

F ia a e de e i e hi ife Te e i a a d hei chi d a e a a he de de i g
F ia i e d ceedi g f he ega e a a i i fi ed agai hi b Te e i a.
O Ma 29, 1986, Te e i a, he ife f F i a , fi ed i h he RTC f Mi a i O ie a , a c ai f ega

e a a i (ci i ca e) he g d f c c bi age i h e i i f a d da age . Te e i a a fi ed
i h he MTC f Ge . Sa Ci a c ai agai F i a f c c bi age (c i i a ca e).
O N e be 14, 1986, a ica i f he i i a e ed f e de e i e, e di g a deci i i

he ac i f ega e a a i , a fi ed b Te e i a i he ci i ca e. J dge Pe a a da de ed he a e f
e de e i e.
F ia c e d ha he ci i ac i f ega e a a i a d i cide c e e he e (a ica i f

e de e i e) h d be e ded i ie f he c i i a ca e f c c bi age fi ed agai hi ,
ci i g A . 3 Sec 3. f he 1985 R e f C i i a P ced e.
I e: WON a ci i ca e f ega e aai ca ceed e di g he e i f he c i i a ca e f

c c bi age. YES.
R ling: The SC ed ha he c e i f he e i i e e e i c ec .
A ci i ac i f ega e a a i he g d f c c bi age a ceed ahead f, i a e i h,
a c i i a ac i f c c bi age, beca e aid ci i ac i i e e f ce he ci i iabi i a i i g f
he ffe e, e e if b h he ci i a d c i i a ac i ai ef a e e a ed he a e ffe e. S ch ci i
ac i i e i e ded b ai he igh i e e a a e , i h he ega c e e ce he e f i c di g he
di i f he c j ga a e hi f gai , c d f he chi d e , a d di a ifica i f
i he i i g f he i ce e. Dec ee of legal epa a ion ma be i ed pon p oof b
p eponde ance of e idence, he e no c iminal p oceeding o con ic ion i nece a .
F he e, he e de e i e, a e ed , ca be a ai ed f i a ac i f ega e aai , a d
g a ed a he di c e i f he j dge. If i ca e, he e i i e fi d he a f e de e i e
de ed a hea , he ca a a fi e a i dif ed ce he a e.
(12) Kala Fernande (Repea ed)

(13) Re b ic Q i (Re ea ed)
(b) D g addic ion, habi al alcoholi m, le biani m o homo e ali

FC 55(5) a d (6) c a e i h FC 46(4)
(5) D g addic i habi a a c h i f he e de ;
(6) Le bia i h e ai f he e de ;
Block 5 Page 10 f 57
FC 46(4). A f he ff ci c a ce ha c i e f a d efe ed i N be 3 f he ecedi g A ic e:
(4) C cea e f d g addic i , habi a a c h i h e ai e bia i e i i g a he i e f
he a iage.
N he i e e e ai decei a cha ac e , hea h, a k, f e cha i ha c i e ch
f a d a i gi e g d f ac i f he a e f a iage. (86a)
(14) Almelor RTC (Repea ed)
(15) Campo Campo (Hechano a)

Fac : A c ai f ei i c d c, i a i a d di h e a fi ed agai f e j dge f he
MTC E i e Ca (e de ) b hi ife Aida Ca a d hi 2 chi d e A i ai a d Cha ai e
( e i i e ). P i hi , E i e (h ba d, e de ) fi ed a e i i f dec a a i f i f a iage
bef e he RTC he g d f a ch gica i ca aci c i h e e ia a i a b iga i .
He a ai e he f i gc e i : (1) He i a h e a h c d be i i a e i h hi ife e
he i agi ed he a i h a he a , (2) A a e f hi h e a i , hi ife had affai i h he e
hich he did b he e i , (3) He ad i i e ec i g a affida i f f i e de hi
a e ec hi i e e a he di c e ed ha hi ife a d a ed e he e a
c aea f a a .
O he he ha d, Aida ( ife, e i i e ) fi ed a e i i f ega e a a i . She ai e he f i g

c e i : (1) He h ba d fi ed a e i i if hei a iage ha he c d a a he a
ih h he a ha i g a e a i hi , (2) He h ba d e ec ed a affida i f f i e de hei
a e, h e e , aid i e a i hei e i , (3) He h ba d c ai ed bef e he Regi e f Deed
ha he a he ea e f he e a di a g egi e ed i hei a e.
In e iga ing J dge Repo ( o can go aigh o SC ling):

Fi , he h ba d ad i i fh e ai d e ake hi a a ica i a . The e a a
e ide ce e ha he had a e a i hi i h a he a . Th , he h ba d i g i fi a i .
Second a d c a he ife c e i , he fac ha he had chi d e d e c i e f ha he
i aigh a d ha he a i g i hi eii if hei a iage. Th , he h ba d i g i f
di h e . Thi d, he e c i i g i h each he i ca i g he egi a i f he a d i hei
a e de i e he fac ha hei a i a i a ha i e a d ha he e a i a e di g ca e agai
he h ba d a c ea i e ded def a d a ib e j dg e - b igee. Th , he h ba d i g i f
i c d c .
OCA Repo and Recommenda ion ( o can go aigh o SC ling):

The OCA ag eed i h he e f he i e iga i g j dge. Fi , he e i a ack f fficie e ide ce he
a f he ife a d he chi d e e ha he a aigh a d had a e a i hi i h a he a b
a beca e he a ega i fh e ai c d be e i a ceedi g bef e he ia c . Th ,
he h ba d i g i fi a i a d di h e . Second a d i h ega d he affida i f , he
ad i ed ha hi fa he a he ea e f he e a h gh i a egi e ed i hi a e. The e j
ca e fi ed agai hi a di i ed beca e he ec f d ha he a ac i g i g d fai h ec
hi igh . H e e , he h ba d i a ed he i e be egi e ed i hi a e de i e he fac f he
a e bei g i a he i e. He a a i a ed he a ac i a id i g he e h d he e
i he ca e fi ed agai hi . Th , he h ba d i g i f i e i c d c .
I e: WON he h ba d h i a f e j dge f he MTC i g i f i a i , di h e ,a d i e
i c d c . - YES b i e i c d c
R ling: Ye . The h ba d i g i b f i e i c d c.

Si e i c d c i a a ge i f e e ab i hed e f ac i , a f beha i , eg ige ce
c i ed b a b ic ffice . I hi ca e, he h ba d k e a ha i e f he egi a i f he e ha
he had a e di g ca e a d ha he c d ib e he ca e. I de a i a e he i a i a d ake
ad a age f hi k edge f he a , he ca ed he egi a i f he e i hi a e de i e he
a e bei g a i a he i e i h he i e i f def a di g a ib e j dg e - b igee. U de he R le
of Co [Sec 9, 11(b)], i e i c d c i a e ei ffe e i hab e b e i f ffice
ih a a a d he be efi f 1-3 h a fi e f P10,000-P20,000. I hi ca e, he ha a ead
e ig ed a d he ef e hi e i i ge ib e. I ie f hi , a fi e f P20,000 ha be ded c ed
f a be efi he i i e i ed af e hi e ig a i . O he i e, he ha di ec a he aid fi e.
O he c a , he i g i f i ai he f i g g d : (1) ad i i fh e ai
fficie , (2) ack f e ide ce e a eged e a i hi i h a he a b he c ai a , (3) fac
f a iage a d ha i g chi d e fficie e ha he i aigh (i e iga i g j dge i ed he
ibi i he he igh ha e bee e i g hi e e a i ), (4) i e a eged h e a i i f he
de e i a i f ia c he ei hi e i i f dec a a i f i i e di g.
La , he i g i f di h e i h ega d he affida i f f i e. I a f d ha i e a ke i
hi d a e . H e e , he he c d fi d i , he Regi e f Deed ad i ed hi e ec e aid affida i .
Whi e he e a egi e ed i hi a e, he a e did de ha hi fa he a he ea e
f aid a d a d ha hi fa he ke he i e i hi e i .
(c) A emp on he life of he o he po e

FC 55(9), c a e i h NCC 97(2)
FC 55(9). A e i i f ega e a a i a be fi ed a f he f i g g d : A e b he
e de agai he ife f he e i i e ;
NCC 97(2). A ic e 97. A e i i f ega e a a i a be fi ed:

(2) A a e b e e agai he ife f he he .
RA 9262
RA 9262. Sec. 8. P ec i O de .- A ec i de i a de i ed de hi ac f he e f
e e i g f he ac f i e ce agai a a he chi d ecified i Sec. 5 f hi Ac a d g a i g
he ece a e ief. The e ief g a ed de a ec i de e e he e f afeg a di g he ic i
f f he ha , i i i i g a di i i he ic i ' dai ife, a d faci i a i g he i a d abi i
f he ic i i de e de egai c e he ife. The ec i de ha be e f ced b a
e f ce e age cie . The ec i de ha a be i ed de hi Ac a e he ba a ga ec i
de (BPO), e a ec i de (TPO) a d e a e ec i de (PPO)...
Sec. 11. H A f a P ec i O de . The a ica i f a ec i de be i i i g, ig ed

a d e ified de a h b he a ica
If he a ica i he ic i , he a ica i be acc a ied b a affida i f he a ica a e i g
(a) he ci c a ce f he ab e ffe ed b he ic i a d (b) he ci c a ce f c e gi e b he
ic i f he fi i g f he a ica i . Whe di c e f he add e f he ic i i e da ge he ife,
i ha be a ed i he a ica i . I ch a ca e, he a ica ha a e ha he ic i i e idi g i he
ici a i ci e hich c ha e i ia j i dic i , a d ha ide a ai i g add e f e
f e ice ce i g.
Sec. 30. D ie f Ba a ga Officia a d La E f ce . Ba a ga fficia a d a e f ce ha ha e he

f i g d ie :
(g) a e he ec ed e e a ii h a a a he a f he ac f i e ce defi ed b hi Ac i
cc i g, he he/ he ha e a k edge ha a ac f ab e ha j bee c i ed, a d he e i
i i e da ge he ife i b f he ic i a defi ed i hi Ac ; a d
A ba a ga fficia a e f ce h fai e he i cide ha be iab e f a fi e e ceedi g Te
Th a d Pe (P10,000.00) he e e a icab e c i i a , ci i ad i i a i e iabi i .
(d) Abandonmen
FC 55(10)
(10) Aba d e f eii e b e de ih j ifiab e ca e f e ha e ea .
FC 101(3), c a e i h e a a i i fac
FC 101(3). A e i dee ed ha e aba d ed he he he he he ha ef he c j ga d e i g
ih i e i f e i g. The e h ha ef he c j ga d e i g f a e i d f h ee h
ha fai ed i hi he a e e i d gi e a i f ai a hi he he eab ha be i a facie
e ed ha e i e i f e i g he c j ga d e i g. (178a)
(16) Rep blic Q in os (Repea ed)
(e) O he g o nd
FC 55(1)
(1) Re ea ed h ica i e ce g ab i e c d c di ec ed agai he e i i e , a c chi d, a
chi d f he e i i e ;
(17) Goi a Campos-R eda (Repea ed)

(18) Kala Fernande (Repea ed)
2. Who can a k fo legal epa a ion
FC 55, c a e i h NCC 99
FC 55. A e i i f ega e a a i a be fi ed a f he f i gg d :
1. Re ea ed h ica i e ce g ab i e c d c di ec ed agai he e i i e,ac chi d,
2. Ph ica i e ce a e e c e he e i i e cha ge e igi i ica affi ia i ;
3. A e f e de c i d ce he e i i e, a c chi d, a chi d f he e i i e ,
4. Fi a j dg e e e ci g he e de i i e f e ha i ea , e e if a d ed;
5. D g addic i habi a a c h i f he e de ;
6. Le bia i h e ai f he e de ;
7. C ac i g b e de f a b e e biga a iage, he he i he Phi i i e ab ad;
8. Se a i fide i e e i ;
9. A e b he e de agai he ife f he eii e;
10. Aba d e f eii e b e de ih j ifiab e ca ef e ha e ea .
F e f hi A ic e, he e "chi d" ha i c de a chi d b a e b ad i . (9a)
NCC 99. A . 99. N e ha be e i ed a ega e aai h ha e ided i he Phi i i e f

e ea i he fi i g f he e i i , e he ca ef he ega e a a i ha ake ace i hi he
e i f hi Re b ic. (Sec. 2a, Ac N . 2710)
3. When ma pe i ion be filed

FC 57, c a e i h NCC 102, 99
FC 57. A ac i f ega e a a i ha be fi ed i hi fi e ea f he i e f cc e ce f he ca e
he h
NCC 102. T ba d a d ife a e b iged i e ge he , b e e a e ec a d fide i , a d e de
a he a d . (56a)
NCC 99. N e ha be e i ed a ega e a a i h ha e ided i he Phi i i e f e ea

i he fi i g f he e i i , e he ca e f he ega e a a i ha ake ace i hi he e i f
hi Re b ic. (Sec. 2a, Ac N . 2710).
(19) Lap -S . E femio (U )

Doc ine: S e ca , b hei ec ci ia i , aba e he ceedi g a d e e e ci d a dec ee f
ega e a a i a ead e de ed. Bei g e a i cha ac e , i f ha he dea h f e a he
ac i ca e he dea h f he ac i i e f (action personalis moritur cum persona)
Fac : Ca e O La -S fi ed a e i i f ega e a a i agai E fe i S. E fe i A g 18,

1953, a egi g ai ha i ce hei ci i a iage 1934 a d ca 1934, he i ed ge he a h ba d
a d ife i 1943 he he h ba d aba d ed he . The did ha e a chi d e ; he ac i e e ie
d i g hei a iage; a d ha he di c e ed he h ba d c habi i g i h a Chi e e a a ed G Hi k
a a d Ma ch 1949. She a ed f he i a ce f a dec ee f ega e a a i , de ha he defe da
E fe i h d be de i ed f hi ha e f he c j ga a e hi fi .
E fe i a eged affi a i e a d ecia defe e , a d i h he c ai i i g e a d e ie ,

c e c ai ed f he dec a a i f i ab i i i f hi a iage i h Ca e , he g d f hi i
a d b i i g a iage, ce eb a ed acc di g Chi e e a a d c , i h G Hi k a ia Ng Hi k.
A he ia e ed, bef e he ia be c e ed Ca e died i a ehic a accide i 1969.

E fe i he ed di i he e i i f ega e a a i he g d : he e i i f ega e a a i
a fi ed be d he e- ea e i d ided i A 102; a d ha he dea h f Ca e aba ed he ac i f
ega e a a i . H e e , he c e f Ca e ed b i e he decea ed b he fa he , Maca i
La . E fe i ed he aid i .
The c i ed he de de e ie di i i g he ca e. S a ed ha he i di i a d
i f b i i had be e ed he e i f he he he ai iff ca e f ac i ha
i ed, hich he c e ed i he ega i e. Pe i i e ed ec ide b a de ied.
Af e ec i g a e e i f i e fi e a e i i f e ie f he de f di i a i ed b he
j e i e a d d e ic e a i c , e i i e fi ed he e e eii f ce i a i.
A h gh, E fe i , fi ed c e c ai , b did e he af e he c be di i ed he
ca e. He ac ie ced (acce ed) i he di i a f aid c e c ai b a i g f he affi a ce f he
de ha di i ed he e i i f ega e a a i b a hi c e c ai dec a e
E ge i -La a iage a d id ab i i i .
J enile and Dome ic Rela ion Co of Manila R ling: Di i ed he ca e f ega e aai he

g d ha he dea h f he e i i e , Ca e , aba ed he ca e f ac i .
I e: D e he dea h f he ai iff bef e fi a dec ee, i a ac i f ega e a a i , aba e he ac i ?I

eai , i i a aba e he ac i hich i e e igh ? YES (f b h)
SC R ling: YES. The ac i f ega e a a i aba e he ac i ; a d e igh . The SC dee ed ha

f ega e a a i a d he c e c ai dec a e he i f he e f- a e a iage ca a d f ega
e aai c e ed i e f a dec a a i f i b he c e c ai , f ega e a a i e e
a a id a iage, hi e he e i i f i ha a idab e a iage a a ec di i .
A ac i f ega e a a i hich i e hi g e ha he bed-a d-b a d e a a i f he

e ( he e bei g ab e di ce i he c )i e e a . The Ci i C de ec g i e hi i
A ic e 100, b a i g he i ce e c ai ega e a a i ; a d A ic e 108, idi g ha he
e ca , b hei ec ci ia i , aba e he ceedi g a d e e e ci d a dec ee f ega
e aai a ead e de ed. Bei g e a i cha ac e , i f ha he dea h f e a he ac i
ca e he dea h f he ac i i e f (ac ion personalis mori r c m persona).
I e a i , he e f he e i dead, he e i eed f di ce, beca e he a iage i

di ed. The hei ca e e c i e he i , if he dea h f he e ake ace d i g he c e f
he i . The ac i i ab e dead.
Rega di g e eai , he a e e he effec f he dec ee f ega e a a i ; he ce he

ca i e he dea h f he ai iff if i cc i he dec ee. Ci e A . 106 f CC,
A . 106. The dec ee of legal epa a ion hall ha e he follo ing effec :
"(2) The c j ga a e hi f gai he ab e c j ga c i f e ha be di ed a d
i ida ed, b he ffe di g e ha ha e igh a ha e f he fi ea ed b he a e hi
c i , ih ej dice he i i f a ic e 176;
F i i i hi a ic e ha he igh he di i f he c j ga a e hi f gai he ab e
c i f e , he f igh b he ffe di g e a ha e f he fi ea ed b he
a e hi c i , hi di a ifica i i he i b i e ac f he i ce ea e a he
e ca i f e a e a i i i fa f he ffe di g e ade b he i ce e.
B hei e a e a d i e , c ai a d di abi i ie a e diffic c cei e a a ig ab e a i ib e.
He ce, a c ai aid igh i a c ai ha i he eb e i g i hed af e a a die de Sec. 17,
R e 3 f he R e f C , a a c i ai f he ac i h gh a b i e f he decea ed a .
Sec. 17. Dea h of pa . Af e a a die a d he c ai i he eb e i g i hed, he c ha de ,
e ice, he ega e e e a i e f he decea ed a ea a d be b i ed f he decea ed, i hi a
e i d f hi (30) da , i hi ch i e a a be g a ed. . . .
Sa e f ihac ide a i f he e eai f he ac i ha i ef agai ad i i a i

Sec. 1, R e 87 f he Re i ed R e f C ,
"SECTION 1. Ac ion hich ma and hich ma no be b o gh again e ec o o admini a o . N
ac i a c ai f he ec e f e deb i ee he e ha be c e ced agai he
e ec ad i i a ; b ac i ec e ea e a e , a i e e he ei , f he e a e,
e f ce a ie he e , a d ac i ec e da age f a i j e e , ea e a,
a be c e ced agai hi ."
(Nei he ac i f ega e a a i a e ca be dee ed fai i c ded i he e eai )
Di po i i e: ACCORDINGLY, he a ea ed j dg e f he Ma i a C fJ e iea dD e ic Re a i
i he eb AFFIRMED. N ecia ce e a c .
F he ea on of J ice JBL, Re e :
E e if e igh a e i ed, he e igh a e e e effec f a dec ee f e a a i , hei ce bei g he
dec ee i e f, i h he dec ee ch igh d c ei e i e ce ha bef e he fi a i f a dec ee, he e c ai
a e e e igh i e ec a i . If dea h e e e d i g he e de c f he ac i , dec ee ca be f hc i g,
dea h d ci g a e adica a d defi i i e e a a i a d he e ec ed c e e ia igh a d c ai d
ece a i e ai b .
Whi e he e i i f dec a a i f i ab i i i f hi a iage Ca e , i i a a e ha ch ac i

beca e a d acade ic he dea h f he a e , a d he e c d be f he i e e i c i i g he a e
af e he de i e, ha a a ica di ed he e i ed i .A e igh ac i ed b ei he a c d be
e ed a d de e i ed i a e ac i f a i i b ei he he a e ee b he hei f he a e a .
E e if he biga a iage had bee id ab i i b idab e, he ec d a iage c ac ed i h

he fi ife ha i g bee a ab e ee f e e c ec i e ea he he had bee ge e a be ie ed dead, i
he ac i f a e beca e e i g i hed a a e f he h ee e i ed had died, e i i g ha he
ac i f a e h d be b gh d i g he ife i e f a e f he a ie i ed. The i ida i f a
c j ga a e hi ha igh ha e e ed f ch idab e a iage be ca ied i he e a e i e a e
ceedi g f he decea ed e.
(20) Ma bi P a ede (Wence lao)

Doc ine: Defe da ' ac f c habi i g i h a a he ha hi ife c i ed c c bi age, a g d
f ega e a a i , e e he e , he c ai h d be di i ed, beca e i a fi ed i hi e ea
f a d af e he da e hich he ai iff beca e c g i a f he ca e a d i hi fi e ea f a d
af e he da e he ch ca e cc ed.
Fac : S c Ma bi fi ed i h he CFI A i 24, 1956, a c ai f ega e a a i a d cha ge f

a e agai he h ba d Z i P a ede . Ma bi e e ed a a d d c e a e ide ce a i g ha
he e e a ied Ja a 10, 1943. H e e , he fai ed ag ee he e he h d i e a h ba d
a d ife, he ag eed i e e aae i h each he he e hei a i e ai cha ged i he
e e .
O A i 3, 1948, he c e e e ed i a ag ee e a i g he f i g: (a) Tha b h f ei i h
igh e he he a ega h ba d a d ife. (b) Tha b h f i f ee ge a aea d i e iha
h ba d a d ife i h a i e fe e ce b a f , ei he f ca ec e he he f ad e
c c bi age a he c i e i ai i gf e a a i . (c) Tha I, he ife, i ge e i ed f
a f h ba d a be efi he a ecei e he eaf e , I he h ba d i e i ed f
a hi g f ife. (d) Tha ei he ca c ai a hi g f he he f he i e e e ba e a a ed,
Ma 30, 1944 he e e he e ade e ba e a a i i i i g.
I Ja a 1955, Z i bega c habi i g i h e A ci Reb ad a d he a e ga e bi h a chi d. B h

Z i a dA ci a de ed he e e a h ba d a d ife.
CFI: The C di i ed he ca e ha de he CC A 102 a ac i f ega e a a i ca fi ed e ce
i hi e ea f a d af e he da e hich he ai iff beca ec g i a f he ca e a d i hi fi e
ea f a d af e he da e he he ca e cc ed. Tha S c k he c habi a i Ja a 1955
a d fi ed a c ai A i 1956. A , A 100 f he CC a e ha he ega e a a i a be
c ai ed b he i ce e, ided he e ha bee c d ai f c e he ad e
c c bi age. Tha he e a c e c habi i h he e a a ed i hei ag ee e . Th , he
aid e i i f e ie .
I e: Whe he he ac i f ega e a a i a a ead e c ibed? YES
R ling: S c eii a fi ed ide he e i d ided f b he A ic e 102. B he e ad i i

f S c , he ca e k he g d (c c bi age) f he ega e a a i i Ja a , 1955. She
i i ed he c ai A i 24, 1956. I i be ed ha S c did e e e hi a e i
he b ief.
La , The c d ai a dc e he e a e i ied b e e ed. The a (A . 100 Ci i C de),

ecifica ide ha ega e a a i a be c ai ed b he i ce e, ided he e ha
bee c d ai f c e he ad e c c bi age. Ha i g c d ed a d c e ed i
i i g, he ai iff i de e i g f he c ' a h . Th , he j dge e i he eb affi ed.
(21) People Zapa a (Alejaga)

Fac : A c ai f ad e a fi ed b A d e B d c agai G ada e Za a a, hi ife, a d Da aci
B d c, he a a , f c habi i g a d ha i g e ea ed e a i e c e d i g he e i d f he ea
1946 14 Ma ch 1947, Da aci B d c k i g hi c defe da be a a ied a . The
defe da - ife ead g i a d a e e ced 4 h fa e a hich e a he e ed.
S b e e , i he a e c , he A d e fi ed a he c ai f ad e c i ed b hi ife Za a a
a d Da aci f 15 Ma ch 1947 17 Se e be 1948. Defe da fi ed a i a h he c ai
he g d ha he d be ice i je a d f i h e f he a e ffe e. The ia c
he d he c e i f he defe da a d a hed he ec d c ai .
The ia c he d ha he ad e ac cha ged i he fi a d ec d c ai be dee ed e

c i ffe e, he defe da i b hc ai bei g he a e a d ide ica e a d he e
f a f ac ha i g ake ace c i d i g he ea 1946, 1947 a d a f 1948, a d " ha he
ac e f ac ha ga e i e he c i e f ad e c ai ed f i b h ca e c i e ea d
he a e ffe e, i hi he c e a d ea i g f he c i i a i i ha 'N e ha be ice
i je a d f i h e f he a e ffe e.
I e: Whe he ad e i ac i ffe e, a d he ef e he defe da a be cha ged f he
a e ffe e ice?
R ling: N , i i a c i ffe e. Ad e i a c i e f e a d f e de c . I i a
i a a e c i e hich i c a ed a d e ha ed c e ed a he e f he ca a i .
Each e a i e c e c i e a c i e f ad e . T e, e ad e ac c i ed b he
a e defe da a e agai he a e e he ffe ded h ba d, he a e a he i f he
h ba d a d ife b hei a iage, a d he a e c i e e e ed b he S a e f i i e e i
ai ai i g a d e e i g ch a . B hi ide i f he ffe ded a , a a d cie d e
a g e agai he c i i f he c i e f ad e a a i e a he e e e ca a ac c a ed,
f a g a he a e ai cha ged, he e di ed a d b ke , a e c ach e
e a ha a c i e a c i e. The e i c i i a ega i i hich ba he fi i g
fa a c ai f ad e a he e e e ad e ac c i ed, each c i i g e c i e.
A he ea h a ec d c ai cha gi g he c i i f ad e ac i c ded i he fi
c ai d e c i ea i ai f he d b e je a d c a e f he c i i i ha , if he ec d
c ai ace he defe da ice i je a d f i h e f he a e ffe e, he ad e c i ed
b he a e defe da cha ged i he ec d c ai , h d he be ab ed f , ac i ed f, he fi
cha ge he e ide ce ha he did k ha hi c defe da a a a ied a , d e ai
g i hed. The defe e e b hi agai he fi cha ge hich he a ac i ed d
ge be a ai ab e, beca e a he i e f he c i i f he c i e cha ged i he ec d c ai , he
a ead k e ha hi c defe da a a a ied a a d e he c i ed ha e ca a k edge f
he . E e if he h ba d h d a d hi ad e ife, ch a d d e e he ife a d he
aa f c i i a iabi i f ad e ac c i ed af e he a d a g a ed, beca e he
ad efe e i a d b e e ad e ac .
4. Co p oced e in legal epa a ion

FC 58-60
FC 58. A ac i f ega e a a i ha i ca e be ied bef e i h ha ha e e a ed i ce he
fi i g f he e i i . (103)
FC 59. N ega e a a i a be dec eed e he C ha ake e a d he ec ci ia i f he

e a di f a i fied, de i e ch eff , ha ec ci ia i i high i bab e. ( )
FC 60. N dec ee f ega e a a i ha be ba ed a i ai f fac ac fe i f j dg e .

I a ca e, he C ha de he ec i g a e fi ca a ig ed i ake e e e
c i be ee he a ie a d ake ca e ha he e ide ce i fab ica ed e ed. (101a)
Sec 19, RA 9262

Sec 19 RA 9262. Legal Separa ion Cases. I ca e f ega e a a i , he e i e ce a ecified i hi Ac
i a eged, A ic e 58 f he Fa i C de ha a . The c ha ceed he ai ca e a d he
i cide f he ca e a a ib e. The hea i g a a ica i f a ec i de fi ed b he
eii e be c d c ed i hi he a da ei d ecified i hi Ac .
AM N . 02-11-11-SC. Ma ch 4, 2003
(22) L i MA. A ane a Concepcion (Ba e o)
Fac : Thi i a igi a ac i i he SC f Ce i a i a d/ Ma da ihP ei i a I j ci . The ai
ac i a b gh b L i A a e a agai hi ife, E a Be i e A a e a ( e f he e de ), f ega
e aai he g d f ad e . Af e i e e e j i ed, E a fi ed a e i i f :
1. C d f hei 3 i chi d e ,
2. M h f 5000
3. Re f he a
4. E j i L i f de i g hi hi e i g f ha a i g a d e i g he
5. T ha e L i a f he fee f he a e i he ac i
L i ( ai iff he ei ) ed he e i i , de i g i c d c i ed hi a d a egi g ha E a had

aba d ed he chi d e ; a egi g ha c j ga e ie ee h P80,000, e i i e a
a eged b E a; de i g he aki g f he a he ed e a i , a d c e i g he igh
a e ' fee . L i a ed ha he a ie be e i ed b i hei e ec i e e ide ce i ce he e i i
f c d a d ca be de e i ed i h e ide ce. He a c e ded ha E ai e i ed
he c d f he chi d e a he had aba d ed he a d had c i ed ad e , ha b he c d c
he had bec e fi ed ca e he chi d e , bei g ab e i he e i a d ab e gi e he chi d e
he e, e ec a d ca e f a e he a d i h ea ed ca e he .
A he c ai f , L i c ai ha he e a e c j ga a e a d he i e i ed
beca e f he i fide i a d ha he a ab e he e f. Affida i a d d c e ee
b i ed b h i a d agai he ib e i i . The e de j dge g a ed he c d f he
chi d e E a a d a h a a ce f P2,300 f f he a d he chi d e , P300 f a h e
a d P2,000 a a e ' fee . U ef a f he j dge ec ide he de , e i i e L i fi ed he
e e eii f ce i a i agai de a d f a da c e he e de j dge e i e he
a ie b i e ide ce bef e decidi g he ib e i i . SC g a ed a i f e i i a i j c i
agai he de . The ai ea gi e b he j dge, f ef i g L i e e ha e ide ce be a ed
be i d ced he i e , i he hibi i c ai ed i A ic e 103 f he Ci i C de, hich ead a
f : (I a be ed ha e ha 6 h ha e e a ed i ce fi i g f e i i h .)
ART. 103. A ac i f ega e a a i ha i ca e be ied bef e i h ha ha e e a ed i ce he
fi i g f he e i i . (no Ar 58, Famil Code)
I e: Whe he ia be c e ced a d e ide ce add ced f ac i f e de e i e e e if

hibi ed b A 103? YES.
R ling: I i c ceded ha he e i d f i h fi ed he ei A ic e 103 (Ci i C de) i e ide i e ded

a a cooling-off pe iod o make po ible a econcilia ion be een he po e . The eci a f hei
g ie a ce agai each he i c a fa hei a ead i f a ed a i agai e a he , a d
he a ake ha i ed he e i d gi e he i f di a i a e ef ec i . B hi p ac ical
e pedien , nece a o ca o legi la i e polic , doe no ha e he effec of o e iding o he
p o i ion ch a he de e mina ion of he c od of he child en and alimon and ppo penden e
li e acco ding o he ci c m ance . (A ic e 105, Ci i C de. A 49 FC) The a e e e j i ha
he e h d be de e i ed b he c acc di g he ci c a ce . If he e a e igno ed o he co
clo e hei e e o ac al fac , ank inj ice ma be ca ed.
Take he ca e a ba , f i a ce. Wh h d he c ig e he c ai f ad e b he defe da i he
face f e e a ega i de a h ha effec , ed b ci c a ia e ide ce c i i g f e e
he a he ici f hich ca be de ied.
A d h a e ha he chi d e a e i he c d f he ife, a d ha he a e i i i g a he c j ga
d e i g, he i i eci e a eged i he e i i a d i he affida i , ha he ha aba d ed he c j ga
ab de? E idence of all he e di p ed allega ion ho ld be allo ed ha he di c e ion of he co a
o he c od and alimon penden e li e ma be la f ll e e ci ed.
The le i ha all he p o i ion of he la e en if appa en l con adic o , ho ld be allo ed

o and and gi en effec b econciling hem if nece a . Th he de e mina ion of he c od and
alimon ho ld be gi en effec and fo ce p o ided i doe no go o he e en of iola ing he polic of
he cooling off pe iod, Tha i , e ide ce affec i g he ca e f he e a a i , ike he ac a c d f
he chi d e , he ea c d ci e hei e fa e a d c e ie ce d i g he e de c f he ca e, he e
h d be a ed ha he c a de e i e hich i be f hei c d .
The i a ed f i he eb i ed a d he e de j dge h e e ake hi ace i de ed
ceed he e i fc d a d e de e i e i acc da ce i h hi i i . The c ' de
fi i g he a i a d e i i g a e i e e ed. Wi h c .
(23) Ocampo Flo enciano (Ce e o)

Doc ine: C i i di ce ega e a a i ea he ag ee e be ee h ba d a d ife f e f
he c i, a ea c i, be e e e ed i c a ha i g c i ed, a a i ia
ffe e, e e ide ce f a a id defe e, f he e f e ab i g he he b ai a di ce.
Thi ag ee e , if e e , a be i ied f he a ie ac . I i a g d f de i g he di ce.
Fac : J e de Oca (Pe i i e ) a d Se afi a F e cia (Re de ) g a ied A i 5, 1938 a d

a a e f ch i , he beg e e a chi d e . S e i e i Ma ch 1951, Oca di c e ed ha hi
ife a ai ai i g i ici e a i i h J e A ca a . He e hi ife Ma i a d bea c e.
Agai , Oca di c e ed ha a ide f J e A ca a , Se afi a a g i g i h e e a he e .
Se afi a ef Oca af e he fi i hed he d a d i ce he he i ed e a a e .
Af e Oca ca gh hi ife i he ac f ha i g i ici e a i i h Ne O a e J e 18, 1955, he

ig ified hi i e i f fi i g a e i i f ega e a a i . Se afi a c f ed hi i e i ided ha
he i be cha ged i h ad e i a c i i a ac i .
Oca fi ed a e i i f ega e a a i b he C f Fi I a ce f N e a Ecija di i ed i h di g

he e a c fe i f j dg e , c d ai c e he ad e a d e c i i hich a
AFFIRMED b he C f A ea . Wi h ega d he defe da ad e i h J e A ca a , he h ba d
igh ega e a a i had e c ibed beca e hi ac i a fi ed i hi e ea f Ma ch 1951
he ai iff di c e ed he i fide i (A .102, NCC).
A he ad e i h Ne O a e, af e di c e f ch, he h ba d e e ed hi i h fi e a
eii f ega e a a i hich he defe da had eadi ag eed . Bef e he fi ca , he defe da e e
ei e a ed he c f i he ega e a a i a d ad i ed ha i g e a e a i i h Ne O a e. The
A e ae C had i e e ed ch fac a a c fe i f j dg e de A .101 a d h , ega
e aai c d be dec eed.
I e: Whe he a dec ee f ega e a a i be g a ed?
R ling: Ye . As he Co r nders and he ar icle, i does no e cl de, as e idence, an admission or
confession made b he defendan o side of he co r . I m erel prohibi s a decree of separa ion pon a
confession of j dgmen . C
onfession of j dgmen s all happens hen he defendan appears in co r and
confesses he righ of plain iff o j dgmen or files a pleading e pressl agreeing o he plain iff s demand.
S pposing he s a emen of defendan cons i es a confession of j dgmen , inasm ch as here is e idence of

he ad l er independen of s ch s a emen , he decree ma and sho ld be gran ed, since i o ld no be
based on her confession, b pon e idence presen ed b he plain iff. Wha he la prohibi s is a j dgmen
based e cl si el or mainl on defendan s confession. If a confession defea s he ac ion ipso fac o, an
defendan ho opposes he separa ion ill immedia el confess j dgmen for he p rpose of pre en ing i .
The fac ha he defe da ike a be ega e a a ed f he h ba d, i a b ac e he

cce f ec i f he ac i . Whe he c i i f ed ha defe da e a de i e he e a a i
a d ad i ed he c i i f he ffe e, i h d be d b ca ef e a c i e i . H e e , he
CA did fi d c i .
The e d be c i if he a ie had a a ged b aki g i a ea ha a a i ia ffe e had bee

c i ed a h gh i a , if he a ie had c i ed b i g ab a ega e aai e e i he
ab e ce f g d he ef .
Acc di g he e ide ce e e ed i he i a ca e, he ffe e f ad e had ea k ace. The

defe da c d ha e fa e d he ad e ac he Fi ca , beca e he igh e d he jai
he e he h ba d e e he Fi ca ec e. She c d ha e ac iced dece i a ch a
e a i k.
I c ec i hi , c i a be i fe ed f he e e fac ha he g i a c fe e he
ffe e a d h e ab e he he a c e e ide ce ece a e i ( Williams s. Williams,
d
Rosen eig s. Rosen eig). A f ha defe da de i e he di ce a d ake defe e, i b i ef
c i (Pohlman s. Pohlman).
The ai iff fai e ac i e ea ch f he defe da a d ake he h e (af e he a e ef hi i 1952)

d e c i e c d ai c e he ad e eai i h O a e. I a hi d
ea ch f he b i g he h e. He a he b iga i e .
Fi di g b ac e he agg ie ed h ba d e i i , he SC he eb REVERSED he deci i bei g
a ea ed a d dec ee a ega e a a i be ee he e .C agai Se afi a F e cia .
(24) Lap E femio (Repea ed)
(25) Samo a Vamen a J . (Deloca io)

Pe i ione : L c Sa a-Ra
Re ponden : H . Va e a J ., P e idi g J dge f he CFI f Neg O ie a a d C e e e Ra
Topic: C P ced e i Lega Se a a i
Fac : O J e 18, 1971, L c Sa a-Ra fi ed a Ci i Ca ei he a a f he e de j dge H .

Va e a J . agai e de C e e e Ra f ega e a a i , c c bi age he e de '
a a da a e b hi agai he ife bei g a eged. She a gh he i a ce f a i f e i i a
a da i j ci f he e ha he c ai ed be he a a he a a d e c i e e , hich a
de he ad i i a i a d a age e f C e e e Ra .
Ce e e ed he i ba ed A ic e 103 f he Ci i C de hich ide : "An action for legal
separation shall in no case be tried before six months shall have elapsed since the filing of the
petition ( A 58, Fa i C de). He a eaded ha if he i f he i f e i i a a da
i j ci d h h gh, hei ec ci ia i a a c e d be e e ei ib e a hi i .
H . Va e a J . de ed he a ie b i hei e ec i e e a da he a e . The Se e be
3, 1971, L c ecei ed a de da ed A g 4, 1971 f e de J dge g a i g he i e d he
hea i g f he e i i f a i f a da e i i a i j c i . He ce, hi e i i .
I e: Whe he he e (A ic e 103 f he Ci i C de, A ic e 58 f he Fa i C de) hibi i g he

hea i g f a ac i f ega e a a i bef e he a e f i h f he fi i g f he e i i ec de
he c f ac i g a i f ei i a a da i j ci a ied f . N , A ic e 103 he Ci i
C de i a ab e ba he hea i g i f ei i a i j ci i he e i a i f he
i - h e i d.
R ling: The SC he d ha he c he e he ac i i e di g acc di g A ic e 103 h d e ai

a i e. A i f ega e a a i ie . E e he , he h e ha he a ie a e e hei diffe e ce i
a ge he aba d ed. The hea i g ba f i e a aid i he ce . H ef , he g i a ie a
e d hi he a , a d he ffe ded a a i e hibi ag a i i . He ce, he i e ii fa
i - h e i d bef e a ac i f ega e a a i i be ied. I e he a ie a e i he
ea hi e. I i ec ded f hea i g he i . The e i he e a ibi i f he ie f he e c
ha a a ci a ( e e a) i ch a ef ei i a a da i j ci i be ac ed
. If i e e he i e, he e d be a fai e abide b he i e a a g age f ch c da i i . Tha
he a , h e e , e ai c g i a f he eed i ce ai ca e f j dicia e a e i e f i di ce ib e
f ha i e f h i he f i g a ic e.
The e i j ifica i he f he L c i i e ce ha he i f ei i a a da i j ci h d
be ig ed b he e c . The e i a he e ea f hi e e f e de J dge,
c ide i g ha he h ba d h he acc ed f c c bi age a d a a e agai he ife d i he
ea hi e c i e i he a age e f ha he c ai ed be he a a he a e ,a a e i ha
a ecifica de ied b hi .
I A a e a . C ce ci , i a he d ha "I i c ceded ha he e i d f i h fi ed he ei A ic e
103 (Ci i C de) i e ide i e ded a a c i g ff e i d ake ib e a ec ci ia i be ee he
e . The eci a f hei g ie a ce agai each he i c a fa hei a ead i f a ed
a i agai e a he , a d he a ake ha i ed he e i d gi e he i f
di a i a e ef ec i . B hi ac ica e edie , ece a ca egi a i e ic , d e ha e
he effec f e idi g he i i ch a he de e i a i f he c d f he chi d e a d a i
a d e de e i e acc di g he ci c a ce ... The a e e e j i ha he e h d be
de e i ed b he c acc di g he ci c a ce . If he e a e ig ed he c c e hei e e
ac a fac , a k i j ice a be ca ed."
A , he da e f he de f he e de J dge a A g 4, 1971. Da e f hi Deci i i J 29, 1972,
e ha i h had a ed, he ce he hea i g a ceed e he e .
Di po i i e: WHEREFORE, he ea f e i i e f a i f ce i a i i g a ed, a d he de f e de
C fA g 4, 1971, e di g he hea i g he e i i f a i f e i i a a da i j ci i
e a ide. Re de J dge i di ec ed ceed i h de a hea he i f ei i a a da
i j ci .C agai e de C e e e Ra .
(26) Pace e Ca iaga (Dac a)
Topic: C ced e i ega e a a i
Doc ine: I i c ea ha he C ce i did, i fac , ecifica a f ega e a a i . Wi h hi he
e edie , he he i ci a i cide a , ha e ike i e bee gh i he a e ac i ca di e e,
e c ec ia ce, i h a f he a e ie e af e ed.
Fac : C ce i A a i fi ed a c ai f he dec a a i f i f he b e e a iage f he

h ba d E ic Pace e C a i a de a C ce i , a e a f ega e a a i a d e aai f hei
e ie . She c e d ha he ec d a iage, hich a i 1948, a c ac ed af e hei a iage i
1938 - a d ha he k e ab ch b e e a iage i 1979. She a a ed ha ec ci ia i
be ee he a i ib e f E ic c a ch e C a i a e he .
D i g he e de c f he e i i , he e de fi ed e i i f e ea e e i f i e fi e i h he
e c , e e ce i e e a ed a f :
1. 15 N e be 1979 - defe da e e e ed i h
2. 30 N e be 1979 - defe da fi ed a i f e e i f 20 da (g a ed)
3. 18 Dec 1979 - defe da fi e a ec d i f e e i f a he 30 da f 20 Dece be
4. 07 Jan a 1980 - lo e co g an ed onl 20 da a ing 20 Decembe 1979 (end 09 Jan a
1980)
5. 11 Ja a 1980 - e c g a i g 20 da a ai ed defe da
6. 05 Feb 1980, ( ike i a a e f ai ed deci i ) fi ed a he e e i f 15 da fi e a e
7. 06 Feb a 1980 - co denied mo ion on g o nd ha i a filed af e he o iginal pe iod gi en
a e en ion had e pi ed
The C ce i he e fi ed a i dec a e he defe da i defa , hich he c f h ih

g a ed. The e c ed i fa f C ce i , he eb i i g a Dec ee f Lega Se a a i a d i i g
hei c j ga e ie be di ided, a e a dec a i g he b e e a iage a id ab i i i .
He ce, he i a ecia ci i ac i f ce i a i fi ed i h he S e e C .
I e: Whe he E ic a d C a i a eii f ce i a i i he e e ed be a ied he

S e eC ? Ye . (General r le - no; b e cep ion - es)
R ling: The SC a ed ha de di a ci c a ce , he e i i d ha e bee igh di i ed -

Thi i beca e he C a ed ha he e e ed f E ic a d C a i a h d ha e i ead bee ei he
a ea f he j dg e b defa fi e a e i i f e ief f j dg e .
S ch e, h e e , i i f e ib e; a e i i f ce i a i i a ed he he defa de i
i e dec a ed, e e he i i e dec a ed, he e g a e ab e f di c e i a e ded ch
dec a a i . I he e e ce i a i a ce , he ecia ci i ac i f ce i a i dec a e he i f a
j dg e b defa i a ai ab e. I he ca e a be ch, he defa de e i ab i ega
a c i ed. The Ci i C de ide :
A . 101. N dec ee f ega e a a i ha be ga ed i ai f fac c fe i f j dg e .
I ca e f -a ea a ce f he defe da , he c ha de he ec i g a e i ie
he he ac i be ee he a ie e i . If he e i c i , he ec i g a e
ha i e e e f he S a e i de ake ca e ha he e ide ce f he ai iff i fab ica ed.
A ic e 101 ef ec he b ic ic a iage , a d i h d ea i e ai he a da e f he a .
I B . Ya ba , he C ha b e ed:
The ic f A ic e 101 f he e Ci i C de, ca i g f he i e e i f he aea e i ca e
f c e ed ceedi g f ega e a a i (a d f a e f a iage , de A ic e 88), i o
empha i e ha ma iage i mo e han a me e con ac ; ha i i a ocial in i ion in hich he
ae i i all in e e ed, o ha i con in a ion o in e p ion can no be made o depend
pon he pa ie hem el e . I i c a i h hi ic ha he i i b he Fi cal ho ld be
allo ed o foc pon an ele an ma e ha ma indica e he he he p oceeding fo
epa a ion o ann lmen a e f ll j ified o no ."

The e i a A ic e 103 f he Ci i C de, A ic e 58 f he Fa i C de, hich f he a da e ha a
ac i f ega e a a i in no case be ried before si mon hs shall ha e elapsed since he filing of he
pe i ion, b i i de ide he a ie a "c i g- ff" e i d. I hi i e i , he c h d ake
e a d ge i g he a ie ec ci e.
The pecial p e c ip ion on ac ion ha can p he in eg i of ma iage o po ible jeopa d a e
impelled b no le han he S a e' in e e in he ma iage e a i a d i a ed i e i ea e
he a e i hi he e c i e d ai a d he aga ie f he a ie a e dic a e.
I i c ea ha he C ce i did, i fac , ecifica p a fo legal epa a ion. Wi h hi o he emedie ,

he he p incipal o inciden al, ha e like i e been o gh in he ame ac ion canno di pen e, no
e c e compliance, i h an of he a o eq i emen afo eq o ed.
WHEREFORE, he e i i f ce i a i i he eb GRANTED a d he ceedi g be , i c di g he
Deci i f 17 Ma ch 1980 a ea ed f , a e NULLIFIED a d SET ASIDE. N c . SO ORDERED.
5. Effec of pendenc of pe i ion
FC 61-62
FC 61. Af e he fi i g f he e i i f ega e aai , he e ha be e i ed i e e aae f
each he .
The c ,i he ab e ce f a i e ag ee e be ee he e , ha de ig a e ei he f he a hi d
e ad i i e he ab ec i c j ga a e hi e . The ad i i a a i ed b
he c ha ha e he a e e a d d ie a a g a dia de he R e f C .
FC 62. D i g he e de c f he ac i f ega e aai , he i i f A ic e 49 ha ike i e a

he f he e a d he c d a d f he c chi d e . (105a)
(a) Cooling-off pe iod, FC 58

FC 58. A ac i f ega e a a i ha i ca e be ied bef e i h ha ha e e a ed i ce he
fi i g f he e i i . (103)
(b) Righ of con o i m, FC 61 pa . 1

FC 61(1). Af e he fi i g f he e i i f ega e a a i , he e ha be e i ed i e e aae f
each he .
(c) Admini a ion of p ope , FC 61 pa . 2

FC 61(2). The c , i he ab e ce f a i e ag ee e be ee he e , ha de ig a e ei he f
he a hi d e ad i i e he ab e c i c j ga a e hi e . The
ad i i a a i ed b he c ha ha e he a e e a d d ie a h e f a g a dia de he
R e fC . (104a)
(27) De la Vi a Villa eal (E angeli a)
Fac : O Se 17, 1917, Na ci a Ge a fi ed a c ai i he CFI f I i agai Dieg de a Vi a
a egi g ha : (1) Tha he a a e ide f he ici a i f I i , P i ce f I i , a d ha he defe da
a a e ide f he ici a i f Va ehe , P i ce f O ie a Neg ; (2) ha he a he egi i a e
ife f he defe da , ha i g bee a ied hi i he ici a i f G ij ga , P i ce f Neg
O ie a , i he ea 1888; (3) ha i ce hei aid a iage ai iff a d defe da had i ed a h ba d a d
ife a d had i e chi d e , h ee f h e e i i g a d e e a ead f age; (4) ha d i g hei a iage
ai iff a d defe da had ac i ed e , ea a d e a , he a e f hich a ab P300,000 a d
a f hich a de he ad i i a i f he defe da ; (5) ha i ce he ea 1913 a d he da e f
he c ai , he defe da had bee c i i g ac f ad e ih e A a Ca g, ai i g i ici
eai i h he a d ha i g he a hi c c bi e, i h b ic ca da a d i di g ace f he ai iff; (6) ha
beca e f aid i ici e a i , he defe da ejec ed he ai iff f he c j ga h e, f hich ea he
a b iged i e i he ci f I i , he e he had i ce e ab i hed he habi a e ide ce; a d (7) ha he
ai iff, c ed b he h ba d, he defe da , had ea f a d a i i g a he e e e
f e f he da gh e . U aid a ega i he a ed f (a) a dec ee f di ce, (b) he a i i f he
c j ga e , a d (c) a i e de e i e f P400 e h.
Na ci a fi ed a b e e c ai hich a eged ha Dieg a i g a ie a e e c be he

e hich be ged he c j ga a e hi a d a ed f a e i i a i j c i e ai a d
hibi Dieg f he e i e . Dieg ed he i f ei i a i j ci a d de ed he
c ai he g d ha he c had j i dic i ake c g i a ce f he ca e, " e he
e f he defe da .".The CFI g a ed he e i i a i j c i f Na ci a h Dieg fi ed he e e
e i i f ce i a i he g d ha he e de J dge had j i dic i a d e ceeded hi e a d
a h i i i i g aid e i i a i j c i
I e:
1. Ma a a ied a e e ac i e a e ide ce d ici e e a a e f ha f he h ba d d i g
he e i e ce f he a iage? - YES
2. I a ac i f di ce, b gh b he ife agai he h ba d, i hich he a i i f he c j ga
e i a a ed f , a he ife b ai a e i i a i j c i agai he h ba d e ai i g
a d hibi i g hi f a ie a i g e c be i g a a f he c j ga e d i g he
e de c f he ac i ? - YES
R ling:
1. Dieg c e d ha he CFI f I i had j i dic i f he ac i f di ce beca e Na ci a a
a e ide f he P i ce f Neg O ie a . The SC he d hi c e i a e ab e. I i e, a a
ge e a f a , ha he d ici e f he ife f ha f he h ba d. Thi ei f ded he
he ica ide i f e a d f i e e be ee he h ba d a d he ife, a d he e i ha ,
f he a e f he e a i , he h e f he e i ha f he he . I i i e ded e,
e g he , a d ec e hei i e e i hi e a i , a i di a i e i , he e i a d ha
e ai . B he a h i ie a e a i i h di g ha hi i a ab e e. Acc di g , he
ife a ac i e a he a d e a a e d ici e f ha f he h ba d he e he he ica i f
h ba d a d ife i i di ed, a i i b he i i i f di ce ceedi g ; he e he
h band ha gi en ca e fo di o ce; he e he e i a e a a i b ag ee e , a e a e
e aai d e de e i , c e ea e he a f he h ba d; he e he e i f fei e
b he ife f he be efi f he h ba d' d ici e."
If he ife ca ac i e a e a a e e ide ce he he h ba d c e ac ie ce , e ee
ea h he a i a he d he , a a eged i he e e ca e, he h ba d
a f ejec he f he c j ga h e i de ha he a f ee i d ge i hi i ici e a i
i h a he a . U de he ci c a ce c d a ife be e j ified i e ab i hi g a
e a a e e ide ce f ha f he h ba d. F he c i e i i g i h hi , e e if he had
e i ed i , d ha e bee a c d a i f hi f ag a b each f fide i . I i clea , he efo e, ha
a ma ied oman ma acq i e a e idence o domicile epa a e f om ha of he h band,
d ing he e i ence of he ma iage, he e he h band ha gi en ca e fo di o ce.
2. Dieg a g e ha de a ic e 1412 a d 1413 f he Ci i C de, he h ba d i he a age f he
c j ga a e hi a d, a ch, i e e ed a ie a e a d e c be a d c j ga e
ih he c e f he ife; ha ei he c d he ife b ai a e i i a i j c i de
a ag a h 3 f aid ec i , he g d ha he Dieg a c i i g e ac i i a i f
he Na ci a igh , beca e he Na ci a, a he ife f he Dieg , had igh i e e e i he
ad i i a i f he c j ga e , a d he ef e igh f he a i a ed. The SC di ag ee
i h hi a g e .
The a aki g he h ba d he e ad i i a f he e f he c j ga a e hi i
f ded ece i a d c e ie ce a e a he e i ha , f he e a e f
he e a i be ee h ba d a d ife, he f e i ea d i j e he i e e f he a e .
S g a hi ha i eai ,a c e a ed b a , c i e , he ife ca a d h d
i e fe e i h he h ba d i hi j dici ad i i a i f he c j ga e . B hen ha
ela ion cea e and, in a p ope ac ion, he ife eek o di ol e he ma iage and o pa i ion
he conj gal p ope , i i j and p ope , in o de o p o ec he in e e of he ife, ha he
h band' po e of admini a ion be c ailed, d ing he pendenc of he ac ion, in ofa a
aliena ing o enc mbe ing he conj gal p ope i conce ned. I ca be d b ed ha , if he
defe da h d di e fa a a f he c j ga e d i g he e de c f he ac i
f di ce, a d a de fa d e c cea he ceed , ha ac " d bab k i j ice
he ai iff," ha i d bab be "i i a i f he ai iff' igh , e ec i g he bjec f
he ac i , a d e di g e de he j dg e i effec a ." In hi ca e he plain iff' igh o gh
o be p o ec ed b aid pa ag aph 3 i no he igh o admini e he conj gal p ope , a
co n el fo he pe i ione belie e , b he igh o ha e in he conj gal p ope pon he
di ol ion of he conj gal pa ne hip. We c c de, he ef e, ha i a ac i f di ce b gh
b he ife agai he h ba d, i hich he a i i f he c j ga e i a a ed f , he
ife a b ai a e i i a i j c i agai he h ba d, hibi i g he a e f a ie a i g
e c be i g a a f he c j ga e d i g he e de c f he ac i .
(28) Sabalone CA (E c de o)
Doc ine: Pe di g he a i e f a ad i i a e he h e a f c j ga a e , a i f
i j ci i ed b a c agai e ed e ake he he a he e a e ad i i a f he
h e a f c j ga a e . I ha ee a ed he he e c i e ad i i e i g he e ie
i he ea i e i h i e fe e ce e di g he e e de ig a i f he ad i i a i acc da ce i h
A ic e 61 f he Fa i C de.
Fac : Sa T. Saba e , a di a , ef hi ife, Re edi Ga i a-Saba e , he ad i i a i f

e f hei c j ga , e ie f fif ee ea . Sa e i ed a a ba ad i 1985 a d ca e back
he Phi i i e b hi ife a d hei chi d e .
I 1989, f ea a e , he fi ed a ac i f j dicia a h i a i e a b i di g a d ca ed a
G ee hi , Sa J a , Me Ma i a, be gi g he c j ga a e hi . He c ai ed ha he a a ead 60
ea d, e ick a d i i g a e i h a i c e, a d ha hi ha e f he ceed f he a e c e
he c f hi h i a i a i a d edica ea e .
I he a e , Re edi ed he a h i a i a d fi ed a c e c ai f ega e a a i . She a eged

ha he h e i G ee hi a bei g cc ied b he a d hei i chi d e a d ha he e e de e di g f
hei he e a f a he c j ga e , a b i di g a d i F be Pa k (ehe ) hich a
ea e. She a i f ed he c ha de i e he h ba d' e i e e , he had e ed hi
egi i a e fa i a d a i ead ai ai i g a e a a e e ide ce i D A i Heigh , Fai ie , Q e
Ci , i h The a C a e g (kabe ) a d hei h ee chi d e .
I he a e , he a ked he c g a a dec ee f ega e a a i a d de he i ida i f hei

c j ga e ie , i h f fei e f he h ba d' ha e beca e f hi ad e . She a a ed ha
Sa a d hi age be e e ed f :
a) di bi g he cc a f he F be Pa k e a d
b) di i g f e c be i g a f he c j ga e ie .
RTC: F d ha he e i i e had i deed c ac ed a biga a iage Oc be 5, 1981, i h The a

C a e g. The c h dec eed he ega e aai f he e a d he f fei e f he e i i e '
ha e i he c j ga e ie . The ia c a dec a ed ha he i be e i ed f hi
e de ife.
Thi deci i a a ea ed he C fA ea b Sa .
Re edi fi ed a i f he i a ce f a i f ei i a i j ci e j i Sa f i e fe i g
i h he ad i i a i f hei e ie i G ee hi a d F be Pa k. She a eged ha Sa had
ha a ed he e a f he F be Pa k e b i f i g hi ha hi ea e d be e e ed. She
a c ai ed ha Sa had di ed f e f hei a ab e c j ga e ie i he U i ed S a e i
fa f The a ( he kabe ), he ej dice f hi egi i a e ife a d chi d e .
Sa ed hi i a d fi ed hi i e e hi ife f e ei gi a e c ac f
ea e e he F be Pa k e ihi e e e a , ihf e e a , ih hi c e .
CA: G a ed he e i i a i j c i a ed f b Re edi .
Sa a ai hi de , a g i g ha i ce he a ide f a j i ad i i a i f he c j ga
e ie b he h ba d a d ife, i j c i e e ief ca be i ed agai e he he beca e igh
i be i a ed. I f hi c e i , Sa ci e A . 124 f he FC, eadi g a f :
A . 124. The ad i i ai a de j e f he c j ga a e hi e ha be g b h e j i .
He f he e ha he e de c fai ed a i a ad i i a f he c j ga a e a
a da ed b A . 61 f he C de, h :
A . 61 Af e fi i g f he e i i f ega e a a i , he e ha be e i ed i e e aae f each he .
The c , i he ab e ce f a i e ag ee e be ee he e , ha de ig a e ei he f he a hi d e
ad i i e he ab ec i c j ga a e hi e . The ad i i a a i ed b he c ha ha e
he a e e a d d ie a h e f a g a dia de he R e f C .
I e: Whe he CA e ed i a i g Re edi c i e he ad i i ai he he a i e f
ad i i a e he h e c j ga a e i i e di g.
R ling: N , he e i i f Sa ha e i . Pe di g he a i e f a ad i i a e he h e
a f c j ga a e , CA a j ified i a i g he ife, Re edi , c i e i h he ad i i a i . I
a a c ec , aki g i acc he e ide ce add ced a he hea i g, i e j i i g Sa f
i e fe i g i h hi ife' ad i i a i e di g e i f he a ea .
The a d e i deed g a he e j i ad i i a i e he c j ga e ie a c ea ided

i he ab e-ci ed A ic e 124 f he FC. H e e , A ic e 61, a ab e ed, a e ha af e a e i i f
ega e a a i ha bee fi ed, he ia c ha , i he ab e ce f a i e ag ee e be ee he c e,
a i ei he e f he e a hi d e ac a he ad i i a .
Whi e i i e ha formal de ig a i f he ad i i a ha bee ade, ch de ig a i a i ici i

he deci i f he ia c de i g he e i i e a ha e i he c j ga e ie (and h al o
di q alif ing him a admini a o he eof).
I j ci i i ai a e e i e e ed . I i ce i aff d e ief agai f e ac hich a e agai

e i a dg dc cie ce a d kee a d e e e he hi g i he s a s q o, a he ha e ed ha
i a i h f gf ac a ead c i ed. I a i e e e f e g a h gh
igh ha e bee i a ed.
I he i f he i a ce f a e i i a i j c i , Re edi a eged ha he Sa ' ha a e f

hei e a a F be Pa k d je a di e he ea e a d de i e he a d he chi d e f he i c e
he ef hich he de e d f hei b i e ce. She a e ified he e . . . i c di g a i
d a acc , h e i Q e Ci a d Ceb Ci , a d a Me cede Be ($$$).
Re edi a c ai ed ha J e 10, 1991, Sa e ec ed a i c ai e hei c j ga e i

A e Va e , Sa Be a di , Ca if ia, USA, i fa f The a C a e g, i e The a i
ife e he ej dice f hi egi i a e fa i .
Re edi a ega i , hich e e ef ed b Sa , h ha he i j c i i ece a ec he

i ee f he i a e e de a d he chi d e a d e e he di i a i f he c j ga a e .
Le i be e ed ha he i f i j c i d e e a e ake Re edi a he ad i i a f he
h e a f c j ga a e . I ha ee a ed he c i e ad i i e i g he e ie i he
ea i e i h i e fe e ce f Sa e di g he e e de ig a i f he ad i i a i
acc da ce i h A ic e 61 f he Fa i C de.
Di po i i e: WHEREFORE, he e i i i DENIED f ack f ei.
(d) S ppo and c od penden e li e
FC 62 cf FC 49, 198
FC 62. D i g he e de c f he ac i f ega e aai , he i i f A ic e 49 ha ike i e a
he f he e a d he c d a d f he c chi d e .
FC 49. D i g he e de c f he ac i a d i he ab e ce f ade a e i i i a i e ag ee e
be ee he e , he C ha ide f he f he e a d he c d a d f
hei c chi d e . The C ha gi e a a c ide a i he a a d a e ia e fa e f aid
chi d e a d hei ch ice f he a e ih h he i h e ai a ided i Ti e IX. I ha a
ide f a ia e i i a i igh f he he a e . ( )
FC 198. D i g he ceedi g f ega e a a i f a e f a iage, a d f dec a a i f i

f a iage, he e a d hei chi d e ha be ed f he e ie f he ab ec i
he c j ga a e hi . Af e he fi a j dg e g a i g he e i i , he b iga i f a
be ee he e cea e . H e e , i ca e f ega e a a i , he c a de ha he g i e
ha gi e he i ce e, ecif i g he e f ch de . (292a)
(29) Yangco Hon. Rohde of CFI Manila (Ga cia)

Doc ine: The igh i g a ed (1) e i e e; (2) egi i a e de ce da a d a ce da
i e e; (3) ae a d ce ai egi i a ed a d ack edged a a chi d e ; (4) he i egi i a e
chi d e , a d (5) b he a d i e . I a he e ca e i i a ci i a a j idica e a i hich i he
ba i f he ac i f he ci i a f a iage ha f e a i hi .
Fac : Pe i i e , L i R. Ya gc , fi ed a e i i f a i of p ohibi ion, a egi g ha bef e J dge Wi ia

J. R hde, f he C f Fi I a ce f he ci f Ma i a, a c ai had bee fi ed b Vic i a Obi
agai he e i i e a i g ha he be dec a ed he a f ife f he aid Ya gc , ha he be g a ed a
di ce, a a a ce f ai , a d a e ' fee d i g he e de c f he i . S ch c ai a
fi ed bef e e de J dge R hde, h o e led he dem e fi ed b he e i i e , a i g ha he i f
he i i ha e i i e a iage i h Vic i a a a id, b e i i e de ie hi .
Re de j dge de ed e i i e a he ai iff, i ad a ce, a h a a ce f 250 Me ica

e f a d af e he 11 h f Ma ch a a , a d a he 1 da f A g f i g a acc ed
a a ce , i addi i he a a ce f he aid h, a i g he f 1,500 e .
Si ce ai iff Vic i a, e a d he j dge did e ief he a ec i , i i ce ai ha
eii e d be ab e ec e ch a he j dge igh c e hi di b e. He a
e e e he j dg e , a d hibi e de f c e i g hi a Vic i a he aid .
Re de fi ed a de e he f i g g d: (1) Tha hi c i ih j i dic i e he

bjec - a e f he ac i ; (2) ha he e i i d e a e fac fficie c i e a ca e f ac i .
em rrer o e idence; ci il proced re - ins ead of presen ing his e idence, defendan ma mo e for dismissal of a
N e: D
case on he gro nd ha , pon he fac s and he la , he plain iff has sho n no righ o relief. (Sec ion 1, R le 33, R les of
Co r )
I e: Whe he Vic i a ha he igh b ai a a a ce f ai .
R ling: NO. The ece i f f di g he ac i f ai a i e, a d a i e ed b

d c e a e ide ce, i a c e e ce f he ece f a ic e 143 f he Ci i C de ci ed b he
e de j dge hi e f.
I hi a ic e he igh i g a ed (1) e i e e; (2) egi i a e de ce da a d

a ce da i e e; (3) ae a d ce ai egi i a ed a d ack edged a a chi d e ; (4) he
i egi i a e chi d e , a d (5) b he a d i e . In all he e ca e i i a ci il a o a j idical
ela ion hich i he ba i of he ac ion fo ppo he ci il a of ma iage o ela ion hip.
I he e e ca e he ac i f he ai i b gh b a a h a ege ha he i a ife;
he ef e i i nece a fo he o p o e po e ion of he ci il a of a po e ha i , a
ma iage, i h hich e ha igh he i e h ba d ife. Ma iage ce eb a ed bef e he
ad i f he Ci i C de be e b he ea e ab i hed b he f e a (A . 53). "Ma iage
ce eb a ed bef e he eai f he C de," a Q. M ci Scae a, " be e b he ca ica
ce ifica e." "Bef e he C ci f T e ," a Ma e a, " ab e i i f a e i ed he a i h
ie ake e ie i hei b k i h ega d he bi h, a iage, dea h f hei a i hi e ... .. Thi
e ide ce bei g acki g, a d he ci i a f a iage bei g i i iga i , i i e ide ha hi g ca be ake
f g a ed he i i i e. The e i a ea hich a h i e he g a i g f a i a
e h c ai be a e i he a e a e a a e h c c i e e ab i he b ega
f ha he he i ch e, a d e f di ce e a a i . I hi ca e he ega e ide ce ai e a
e i f a ; i he f e he e i e i , he e i hi g b a e e a ega i a fac i
i e a d a i e fac i i e be c f ded i h a e ab i hed igh ec g i ed b a fi a
j dg e ba ed a ega e i .
(30) De la Vi a Villareal (Repea ed)

(31) Arane a Concepcion (Repea ed)
(32) Ramos Vamen a (Repea ed, same as Samosa Vamen a Jr)
(33) Teodo o E. Le ma CA & Concepcion Dia , G.R. L-33352, Decembe 20, 1974 (Jimenea)
Doc ine: The igh e aae ai e a ce, e e f he c j ga a e hi e ,
e e he e i e ce f a j ifiab e ca e f he e c ai i g ch igh i e e a a e . Thi i
i ici i A ic e 104 f he Ci i C de, hich a e ha af e he i g f he e i i f ega e a a i he
e ha be e i ed i e e aae f each he . A e i i i bad fai h, ch a ha ed b e
h i hi e f he e f g i f a ac hich c i e ag d f ega e a a i a he i a ce f he
he e, ca be c ide ed a i hi he i e d e f he a g a i g e a a e . I fac
de A ic e 303 f he a e C de he b iga i gi e ha cea e " he he eci ie , be he a
f ced hei , ha c i ed e ac hich gi e i e di i he i a ce;" a d de A ic e 921 e f he
ca e f di i he i i g a e i " he he e ha gi e ca e f ega e a a i ." The f he
b a i e igh i ch a i a i i i c a ib e i h a c ai f e de e i e.
Fac : Te d Le a a d C ce ci Dia g a ied Ma 19, 1951. O A g 22, 1969, Le a fi ed a

c ai f ad e agai Dia a d e Te d Ra i e (C i Ca e 0519). O N e be 18, 1969, Dia
fi ed i h he e c , e ided b H . J dge Le I e L cia , agai Le a f ega e a a i
(a d/ e aai f e ie ), c d f hei chi d e , a d iha ge eii f f
e de e i e f he a d hei ge , G eg . Dia c ai f ega e a a i i ba ed g d :
c c bi age a d a e agai he ife. Le a he fi ed hi ii Dia a ica i f
e de e i e, e i g ad e a defe e agai Dia . H e e , J dge L cai g a ed Dia a ica i
f e de e i e i hich he a e ded i Feb a 15, 1970 : (1) Dia a e i ed e de e i e
f he da e f fi i g he c ai , a d (2) he a f h a ed ced f P2,250
P1,820. He ce, he ca e a ba .
I e: I ad e a a id defe e agai he e de Dia c ai f e de e i e?
R ling: The ced a a e de e i e i R e 61 f he Re i ed R e fC , eci ca
Sec i 5 he e f, hich a ide :
"The co r shall de ermine pro isionall he per inen fac s, and shall render s ch order as eq i and j s ice ma
req ire, ha ing d e regard o he necessi ies of he applican , he means of he ad erse par , he probable
o come of he case, and s ch o her circ ms ances as ma aid in he proper el cida ion of he q es ions
in ol ed. . . ."
I Q i a a Le a, he C he d ha ad e i a g d defe e, a hi a ei e a ed i he b e e
ca e : Sa che Z e a, Ma g a Macadaeg, a d O a a O a a .
I a i i a e e a ea e, i hi he ea i g f R e 61 (Sec i 5), he bab e fai e f he

e de ' i f ega e a a i ca be f e ee i ce he i a i ce e, ha i g bee
c ic ed f ad e b he C f Fi I a ce. I i e ha he j dg e fc ic i i a ea i he
C f A ea , b he a e d b ed a i e he a da d f i i a h i g e b he af e aid
R e. If ega e a a i ca be c ai ed b he g i e i he ace, he fac ha a ac i f ha
e i fi ed a a h d be e i ed be ed a a ea b ai e de e i e, hich,
ih ch ac i , d be de ied he e g h f he deci i f hi C ec g i i g ad e a a
g d defe e. O he i e, a i ed b he e i i e , a ha a e i g e ha d ci c e
ch defe e d be e a i f ega e a a i a e h g de .
The igh e aae ai e a ce, e e f he c j ga a e hi e , e e he

e i e ce f a j ifiab e ca e f he e c ai i g ch igh i e e a a e . Thi i i ici i A ic e
104 f he Ci i C de, hich a e ha af e he i g f he e i i f ega e a a i he e ha be
e i ed i e e aae f each he . A e i i i bad fai h, ch a ha ed b e h i hi e f
he e f g i f a ac hich c i e a g d f ega e a a i a he i a ce f he he e,
ca be c ide ed a i hi he i e d e f he a g a i g e a a e . I fac de A ic e 303 f
he a e C de he b iga i gi e ha cea e " he he eci ie , be he a f ced hei , ha
c i ed e ac hich gi e i e di i he i a ce;" a d de A ic e 921 e f he ca e f
di i he i i g a e i " he he e ha gi e ca e f ega e a a i ." The f he b a i e
igh i ch a i a i i i c a ib e i h a c ai f e de e i e.
WHEREFORE, he e i f e de CA f Ja a 20, 1971 a d he de f e de J e i e

a d D e ic Re a i C he ei c ai ed f, da ed Dece be 24, 1969 a d Feb a 15, 1970, a a e
e a ide a d hei e f ce e e j i ed, i h ej dice ch j dg e a a be e de ed i he
e di g ac i f ega e a a i be ee he a ie . N ce e a c .
6. Defen e in ac ion fo legal epa a ion, FC 56

FC 56. The e i i f ega e a a i ha be de ied a f he f i gg d :
1. Whe e he agg ie ed a ha c d ed he ffe e ac c ai ed f;
2. Whe e he agg ie ed a ha c e ed he c i i f he ffe e ac c ai ed f;
3. Whe e he e i c i a ce be ee he a ie i he c i i f he ffe e ac c i i g he
g d f ega e a a i ;
4. Whe e b h a ie ha e gi e g d f ega e a a i ;
5. Whe e he e i c i be ee he a ie b ai dec ee f ega e a a i ;
6. Whe e he ac i i ba ed b e c i i . (100a)
(a) Con en
FC 56(2), NCC 100
FC 56 (2). The e i i f ega e a a i ha be de ied a f he f i gg d :
(2) Whe e he agg ie ed a ha c e ed he c i i f he ffe e ac c ai ed f;
NCC 100. The ega e a a i a be c ai ed b he i ce e, ided he e ha bee

c d ai f c e he ad e c c bi age. Whe e b h e a e ffe de , a ega
e a a i ca be c ai ed b ei he f he . C i be ee he a ie b ai ega e a a i ha
ca e he di i a f he e i i . (3a, Ac N . 2710)
(34) Ma bis s. Pra edes (Repea ed)
(35) People . San ano (Lab ado )

Doc ine: FC 56 (2). The e i i f ega e aai ha be de ied a f he f i gg d :
(2) Whe e he agg ie ed a ha c e ed he c i i f he ffe e ac c ai ed f; he
e ide ce i hi ca e a d hi c d c a a he i fe e ce ha he c e ed he ad e eai
e i i g be ee he acc ed a d he ef e he i a h i ed b a i i e hi c i i a ceedi g.
Fac : U a Se a a d Ma ia Ve a e e a ied. The had e chi d. Sh af e he bi h f hi

chi d, he h ba d ef hi ife g he P i ce f Caga a he e he e ai ed f h ee ea ih
ii g hi ife e di g he a hi g f he f he e f a d hei .P a d i i e a e, i h
eai e h he c d ca , he gg ed f a e i e ce f he e f a d he i a fa a da
he he e he acc ed Ma ce Ra h k he a d he chi d i e i h hi .
O he e f he h ba d (i 1924), he fi ed a cha ge agai hi ife a d Ma ce Ra f ad e a d

b h e e e e ced f h a d e da f a e a . Af e c e i g he e e ce, he acc ed
ef he a a . She he e a ea ed hi ici a e ide a d he j ice f he eace e df
he h ba d ha he igh a k hi a d a d beg hi ake he back.
He ef ed ad he ; i e i h he ; ha he c d g he e he i hed; ha he d a hi g
e d i h he ; he c d d a he ea ed. Aba d ed f he ec d i e, he a d he chi d e
back he c -acc ed Ma ce Ra ( hi a i he ea 1924) a d he ha e i ed i h hi e e i ce.
The h ba d, k i g ha he e ed i i g i h he c defe da i 1924, did hi g i e fe e i h hei

eai a e hi igh a h ba d. Sh he eaf e he ef f he Te i f Ha aii he e he
e ai ed f e e ea c e e aba d i g hi aid ife a d chi d. O hi e he Phi i i e , he
e e ed he ec d cha ge f ad e he e i ed i h he e e, a he dec a ed, f bei g ab e
b ai a di ce de Ac N . 2710 (A Ac E ab i h Di ce)
I a
e: C he h ba d i i e a c i i a ceedi g agai hi ife if he ha c e ed he ad e
eai hi O.
i h a he a ? N
R ling: A a f he fac ha he h ba d i hi ca e a a i g a ee e he he ig ed he
c ai a he " ffe ded" e, e ha e c e he c c i ha he e ide ce i hi ca e a d hi
c d c a a he i fe e ce ha he c e ed he ad e eai e i i g be ee he acc ed a d
he ef e he i a h i ed b a i i e hi c i i a ceedi g.
We ca acce he a g e f he A e -Ge e a ha he e e ea f ac ie ce ce hi a i
he ad e f hi ife i e ai ed b hi ab e ce f he Phi i i e I a d d i g hich e i d i a
i ib e f hi ake a ac i agai he acc ed. The e i e i i he a g e ha i a
i ib e f he h ba d ake a ac i agai he acc ed d i g he aid e e ea .
(36) People of he Philippine . Rodolfo Schneckenb ge , e . al. (Maliga )

Doc ine: The ffe ded a ca i i e ci i a ec i ih i c di g b h he g i a ie , if
he a e b h a i e, , i a ca e, if he ha ha e consen ed p ardoned he ffe de .
Fac : O Ma ch 16, 1926, acc ed Sch ecke b ge a ied c ai a Ca age a a d af e e e ea

f a i a ife, he ag eed i e e aae f ea f a eged i c a ibi i f cha ac e . O Ma 25,
1935, he e ec ed a d c e hich i a eci e a f ( a a ed f Spanish) :
Tha b h a ie ag ee i e e a a ed f each he f he e f hei i e
a d c i he e e , a d eci ca b ige c h i e e e i
de a ci c a ce i hei b ic i a e ife, e ai i g each f he
ga i c e e f eed f ac i i a ac a d a c ce .
Acc ed Sch ecke b ge ec ed a dec ee f di ce f Me ic ih ea i g he Phi i i e . O Ma

11, 1936, he c ac ed a he a iage i h c -acc ed Mede i Ri a , a d i ce he , he ha e i ed
ge he a h ba d a d ife i he ci f Ma i a. Beca e f he i f he di ce dec eed b he Me ic
c ,ac ai f biga i he CFI f Ri a a i i ed, a d a he c ai f c c bi age i he
CFI f Ma i a. The fi c ai c i a ed i he c ic i f he acc ed Sch ecke b ge f hich he
a e e ced e a f h a d e da f arres o ma or.
CFI R ling : O he ia f he ffe e f c c bi age acc ed Sch ecke b ge i e ed he ea f

d b e je a d , a d he ca e a di i ed; b , a ea b he fi ca , hi C he d he di i a
bef e he ia be e a e hi a de he f e ced e a d i h decidi g he e i f
d b e je a d , e a ded he ca e he ia c f ia he e i . Acc ed Sch ecke b ge a
c ic ed f c c bi age h gh eck e i de ce a d e e ced a e a f h a d e da
f arres o ma or.
I e: Ma he ffe ded a i hi ca e i i e a c i i a ac i if he h ba d had c e ed he

i ici ac f c c bi age?
R ling: NO, The ffe ded a ca i i eci i a ec i ih i c di g b h he g i a ie , if

he a e b h a i e, , i a ca e, if he ha ha e consen ed pardoned he ffe de .
The C h d ha he acc ed Sch ecke b ge h d be ac i ed f he c i e f c c bi age. The
d c e e ec ed b a d be ee he acc ed a d he c ai i hich he ag eed be "e c ea
ibe ad de acci e c a ie ac e d c ce ," hi e i ega f he e f hich i a
e ec ed, c i e e e he e a a id c e he ac f c c bi age i hi he ea i g f ec i 344
f he Re i ed Pe a C de. The e ca be d b ha b ch ag ee e , each a c ea i e ded
f eg i ici ac f he he . (TRANSLATED: in comple e freedom of ac ion in an ac and in all concep s)
Pe i , he C had he d ha he c e hich ba he ffe ded a f i i i g a ci i a

ec i i ca e f ad e , c c bi age, ed c i , abd c i , a e a d ac f a ci i e i ha hich
ha bee gi e e e i ied af e he c i e ha bee c i ed. The C i c i ced ha hi i a
a ie i a a a ed b he a g age, a e a he a ife ic , f he a .
A he e " ad " e i ab efe he ffe e af e i c i i , "c e " ha e bee
i e ded ag eeab ihi di a age, efe he ffe e i i c i i .N gica diffe e ce
ca i deed be e cei ed be ee i a d b e e c e , f i b h i a ce a he ffe ded a
ha ch e c i e i h hi /he di h , he/ he bec e h c e c a di ke i aid
i he i dica i f he g. F i a ce, a h ba d h be ie e hi ife a he a f ad e , i a
h , if e, a he e, ac i i g k edge f he ad e af e i c i i , he a
d e hi g. We, he ef e, h d ha he i c e i a effec i e a b e e c e ba he
ffe ded a f ec i g he ffe e.
I a i i g a he ab e c c i , he C c a ifie ha he d i h be i c ed a ega i i g a
ag ee e d a i ici ac , i i ai f a . The C ie be ake ea ha a
ag ee e f he e e e ed i be ee he a ie he ei , e a e , i hi he ai a g age a d
a ife ic f he a , ba he ffe ded a f ec i g he ffe e. If he e i a hi g a
c de a i a i ai f hi cha ac e , he e ed ie ih b i h he egi a i e de a e f
he g e e . Wha he a i , ha i h d be, defi e he i i f a h i .
ON BIGAMY: A a e a ' ea f d b e je a d , i eed be b e ed ha he ffice f biga f

hich he a c ic ed a d ha f c c bi age f hich he d ia i he c be ae di i c
ffe e i a a d i fac a e a i he de f hei ec i . The ce eb a i f he ec d a iage,
i h he fi i e i i g, cha ac e i e he c i e f biga ; he he ha d, i he e e ca e, e e
c habi a i b he h ba d i h a a h i hi ife cha ac e i e he c i e f c c bi age. The
fi i a ffe e agai ci i a hich a be ec ed a he i a ce f he a e; he ec d, a
ffe e agai cha i a d a be ec ed a he i a ce f he ffe ded a . A d ei e
e ed i a ha ha f d b e je a d , he e i he he he defe da ha a ead bee ied f he
a e ac , b he he he ha bee i je a d f he a e ffe e.
(b) Condona ion

FC 56(1)
FC 56(1). The e i i f ega e a a i ha be de ied a f he f i gg d :
(1) Whe e he agg ie ed a ha c d ed he ffe e ac c ai ed f;
(37) Gine . B ga ong (Ma a illa )

Doc ine: The Ci i C de ide :
ART. 97. A e i i f ega e a a i a be fi ed:
(1) F ad e he a f he ife a d f c c bi age f he h ba d a defi ed he Pe a C de;
(2) A a e b e e agai he ife f he he .
ART. 100. The ega e a a i a be c ai ed b he i ce e, ided he e a c d ai

f c e he ad e c c bi age. Whe e b h e a e ffe de , a ega e a a i ca b
ei he f he . C i be ee he a ie b ai ega e a a i ha ca e di i a f he e i i .
ART. 102. A ac i f ega e a a i ca be fi ed e ce i hi e ea f a d af e he da e hich

he ai iff beca e c g i a f he ca e a d i hi fi e ea f a d af e he da e he ch ca e
cc ed.
e ja i B ga
Fac : B g, a e ice a i he US Na a a ied i h Le i a Gi e A g 1949 a
Pa ga i a hi e f gh ea e. I edia e af e he a iage, he i ed i h he i e f B ga gi
aid ici a i bef e he e back d .
The c e ca e a ag ee e ha Gi e d a i h hi i e h ae ed i Ma i a. O
ab J 1951, he ef he d e i g f he i e -i - a a d i f ed he h ba d b e e ha he had
g e Pa ga i a e ide i h he he a d a e ed Dag a d i a ca c ege.
Pe i i e he bega ecei i g e e f Va e ia a P a gc , ( ai iff i e -i - a ) a d e f

a i e , hich e e d ced a he hea i g, i f i g hi fa eged ac f i fide i f hi
ife. He ad i ed ha hi ife i f ed hi b e e ha a ce ai E i g ki ed he . A he e
c ica i , ed hi i Oc be 1951 eek he ad ice f he Na Cha ai h a ked hi
c i h he a ega de a e .
I A g. 1952, B ga g e Pa ga i a a d ked f hi ife. The e i he h e f defe da

g d he . The ceeded he h e f Ped , c i f he ai iff he e he a ed f 1 da a d 1
igh a h ba d a d ife. The e da , he e ge he i hei h e. He ied e if i h Le i a
he h he i f a i he ecei ed b i ead f a e i g, he e e acked a d ef hich he k
a a c fi a i f he ac f i fide i . He he fi ed a c ai f ega e a a i .
I e: Whe he he e a c d ai be ee B ga g a d Gi e ha a e e a a g d f
di i a f he ac i ?
R ling: Ye . P a j i de ce, he e i c d a i he a eged ad e f he h ba d.

A ic e 100 f he Ci i C de ide ha ega e a a i a be c ai ed b he i ce e,
ided he e ha bee c d ai f c e he ad e c c bi age. Whe e b h e
a e ffe de , a ega e a a i ca b ei he f he . C i be ee he a ie b ai ega
e aai ha ca e he di i a f he e i i .
F he e, a i g e a ac f a i a i e c e be ee he a ie di a i i fficie
c i ec d ai ,a d he e he a ie i e i he a e h e, i i e ed ha he i e e f
a i ia c habi a i .
M e e, a f eig j i de ce, a di ce i i be g a ed f ad e he e he a ie
c i e i e ge he af e i a k he e i e a i e c e af e k edge f ad e
ee i g ge he f a i g e igh .
Si ce he a ie ha e a ed ge he a h ba d a d ife f e ha igh af e he k edge f

ife i fide i , c d a i i e ab i hed.
(c) Rec imina ion

FC 56(4). The e i i f ega e a a i ha be de ied a f he f i gg d : Whe e b h a ie
ha e gi e g d f ega e a a i ;
(38) B o n . Yambao (Na a )

Doc ine: C i i a i ia ca e bei g " he ac f a ied e i c i g a di ce b a
c e , he he b ec ce ed c i i b e fa a i ia ffe e, b fai e, i a ce f
ag ee e defe d di ce ceedi g ", i a egi i a e f he Fi ca bi g igh a ci c a ce
ha c d i fe ha he ife' defa a ca c a ed, ag eed , e ab e a e a b ai he dec ee
f ega e a a i ha he gh i h ega d he ega e i f hi ca e.
Fac : O J 14, 1955, Wi ia H. B fi ed i i he C f Fi I a ce f Ma i a b ai ega
e aai f hi a f ife J a i a Ya ba . He a eged de a h ha hi e i e ed b he Ja a e e
i ade , f 1942 1945, a he U i e i fS .T a i e e ca , hi ife e gaged i ad e
eai i h e Ca Fie d f h he beg a bab gi ha B ea ed f hi ife i c d c
i 1945, hi e ea e f i e e a d ha he ha e i ed e a a e he eaf e .
B a ed f c fi a i f he i ida i ag ee e ; f c d f he chi d e i ed f he a iage;

ha he defe da be dec a ed di a ified cceed he ai iff; a d f hei e ed a igh be j a d
e i ab e.
The c b e e dec a ed J a i a Ya ba i defa , f fai e a e i d e i e, de i e e ice

f a d di ec ed he Ci Fi ca hi e e e a i e i e iga e, i acc da ce i h A ic e 101 f
he Ci i C de, if c i e i be ee he a ie .
D i g he c -e a i a i f he ai iff b A i a Ci Fi ca Rafae J e, i a f d ha af e he
ibe a i ,B had i ed a i a i h a he a a d had beg e chi d e b he . The eaf e , he
c e de ed j dg e de i g he ega e a a i a ked, he g d ha , hi e he ife ad e a
e ab i hed, B had i c ed i a i c d c f i i a a e ha ba ed hi igh f ac i de A ic e
100 f he e Ci i C de.
I e: Sh d he e i i f ega e a a i h d be g a ed?
R ling: N .The c be c ec he d ha he a e a ac i a a ead ba ed, beca e B did

eii f ega e a a i ceedi g i e ea af e he ea ed f hi ife ad e , hich a
hi e ea e f i e e i 1945.A e a b ief d e e e c e he c ec e f ch
fi di g a d c c i . A ic e 100 f he Ci i C de ide ha :
The ega e a a i a be c ai ed b he i ce e, ided he e ha bee c d ai f c e
he ad e c c bi age. Whe e b h e a e ffe de , a ega e a a i ca be c ai ed b ei he f
he . C i be ee he a ie b ai ega e a a i ha ca e he di i a f he e i i .
I he ca e a ba , i i a he ec d e e ce f he af e e i ed a , he ei B a d
Y ba a e b h ffe de , he ce, a ega e a a i ca be g a ed. A ic e 102 f he NCC ide :
A ac i f ega e a a i ca be fi ed e ce i hi e ea f a d af e he da e hich he ai iff beca e
c g i a f he ca e a d i hi fi e ea f a d af e he da e he ch ca e cc ed.
I hi ca e, B did e i i f ega e a a i i e ea af e he ea ed f hi ife ad e .

I i e ha he ife ha i e ed e c i i a a defe e. Ne e he e , he c ca ake
c g i a ce he e f, beca e ac i eeki g a dec ee f ega e a a i , a e f a iage, i e
b ic i e e a d i i he ic f a ha ch dec ee be i ed if a ega b ac e he e a ea
he ec d.
He ce, he e bei g a ea e e ab i hed a g d f de i g he e ed gh (c i i

f i i a ffe e b eii e a d e ci i f he ac i ), i bec e ece a de e f he i he
ca e a d a ce ai if B i ac i f e ea a e ide ce c d a i c i a ce hi a .
E e if i did , hi i ai d be i ed. I i h eed e di c he ec d a ig e f
e .
(39) Ong . Ong (Na ag)
Doc ine: Aba d e ; A i a e ab i hed ha L ci a ef Wi ia d e hi ab i e c d c , ch d e
c i e aba d e c e a ed b he aid i i . A ih e i i he a g e f Wi ia
ha i ce L ci a ha aba d ed he fa i , a dec ee f ega e a a i h d be g a ed, f i gA .
56, a . (4) f he Fa i C de hich ide ha ega e a a i ha be de ied he b h a ie ha e
gi e g d f ega e a a i . The aba d e efe ed b he Fa i C de i aba d e ih
j ifiab e ca e f e ha e ea . A i a e ab i hed ha L ci a ef Wi ia d e hi ab i e
c d c , ch d e c i e aba d e c e a ed b he aid i i .
Fac : O Ma ch 21, 1996, L ci a fi ed a C ai f Lega Se a a i de A ic e 55 a . (1) f he Fa i

C de bef e he Regi a T ia C (RTC) f Dag a Ci , B a ch 41 a egi g ha he ife i h Wi ia a
a ked b h ica i e ce, h ea , i i ida i a d g ab i e c d c .
L ci a c ai ed ha : af e h ee ea f a iage, he a d Wi ia a e ed a e e da , i h
h ica i e ce bei g i f ic ed he ; Wi ia d h i ec i e a he ike a gi a , gag ,
a ga, a d he d a he , kick he , he hai , ba g he head agai c cee a a d h a he
ha e e he c d each i h hi ha d; he ca e f he e figh ee e hi g ega di g hei chi d e
hei b i e ; Wi ia da c d a d bea he chi d e a diffe e a f hei b die i g he b ck e
f hi be ; he e e he ied Wi ia f hi i g he chi d e , he d hi i e he a d b
he ; Dece be 9, 1995, af e he e ed i h Wi ia deci i a hei e de Ki g g
Bac d, Wi ia a ed he a d aid, i i e f b i e ; Dece be 14, 1995, he a ked
Wi ia b i g Ki g back f Bac d; a i e a e e ed a d Wi ia hi he he head, ef
cheek, e e, ach, a d a ; he Wi ia hi he he ach a d he be d beca e f he ai ,
he hi he he head he i ed a g a he a d a ked he ea e he h e; he he e he
i e h e i Bi d he e he a fe ched b he he ib i g a d b gh hei a e h ei
Dag a ; he f i g da , he e he a e d c , D . Vice e E i a f ea e f he i j ie .
I e: Sh d he dec ee f ega e a a i be g a ed he ? No.
R ling: The c ai f Wi ia ha a dec ee f ega e a a i d ai hi e a i a d abe hi a a

ife-bea e a d chi d-ab e a d e e ici ah f hi C . If he e d be ch a ea
hi e a i he i d be beca e f L ci a deci i eek e ief f he c , b beca e he
ga e L ci a ea g c i he fi ace.
A ih e i i he a g e f Wi ia ha i ce L ci a ha aba d ed he fa i , a dec ee f ega

e aai h d be g a ed, f i g A . 56, a . (4) f he Fa i C de hich ide ha ega
e aai ha be de ied he b h a ie ha e gi e g d f ega e a a i . The aba d e
efe ed b he Fa i C de i aba d e ih j ifiab e ca e f e ha e ea . A i a
e ab i hed ha L ci a ef Wi ia d e hi ab i e c d c , ch d e c i e aba d e
c e a ed b he aid i i .
(d) Coll ion/M al Con en

FC 60, 56(3) a d (5), c a e i h NCC 101, 221(3)
FC 60. N dec ee f ega e a a i ha be ba ed a i ai f fac ac fe i f j dg e .
I a ca e, he C ha de he ec i g a e fi ca a ig ed i ake e e e
c i be ee he a ie a d ake ca e ha he e ide ce i fab ica ed e ed.
(3) Whe e he e i c i a ce be ee he a ie i he c i i f he ffe e ac c i i g he
g d f ega e a a i ;

(5) Whe e he e i c i be ee he a ie b ai a dec ee f ega e a a i ;
NCC 101. A ic e 101. N dec ee f ega e a a i ha be ga ed a i ai f fac b

c fe i f j dg e . I ca e f -a ea a ce f he defe da , he c ha de he ec i g a e
i i e he he a c i be ee he a ie e i . If he e i c i , he ec i g a e
ha i e e e f he S a e i de ake ca e ha he e ide ce f he ai iff i fab ica ed.
NCC 221(3). The f i g ha be id a d f effec :

(3) E e c i b ai a dec ee f ega e a a i , fa e f a iage;
(40) Bro n Yambao (Repea ed)

(41) Ocampo Floreciano (Repea ed)
(42) Rep blic CA (Repea ed)
7. Effec of dec ee of legal epa a ion
(a) On pe onal ela ion , FC 63

A . 63. The dec ee f ega e a a i ha ha e he f i g effec :
(1) The e ha be e i ed i e e aae f each he , b he a iage ha be e e ed;
(2) The ab e c i he c j ga a e hi ha be di ed a d i ida ed b he ffe di g
e ha ha e igh a ha e f he e fi ea ed b he ab ec i he c j ga
a e hi , hich ha be f fei ed i acc da ce i h he i i f A ic e 43(2);
(3) The c d f he i chi d e ha be a a ded he i ce e, bjec he i i f
A ic e 213 f hi C de; a d
(4) The ffe di g e ha be di a ified f i he i i g f he i ce e b i e ae
cce i . M e e , i i i fa f he ffe di g e ade i he i f he i ce e ha
be e ked b eai f a . (106a)
(b) On he c od of child en
FC 63(3), 213
FC 213. I ca e f e a a i f he a e , a e a a h i ha be e e ci ed b he a e de ig a ed b
he C . The C ha ake i acc a ee a c ide a i , e ecia he ch ice f he chi d e
e e ea f age, e he a e ch e i fi . ( )
NCC 106(3)
NCC 106(3). The c d f he i chi d e ha be a a ded he i ce e, e he i e
di ec ed b he c i he i e e f aid i ,f h aid c a a i a g a dia ;
PD 603 (CYWC) A 17 a 3
PD 603 A 17(3). I ca e f e a a i f hi a e , chi d de fi e ea f age ha be e a a ed f
hi he e he c fi d c e i g ea d .
(43) Ma e Macadaeg (Od onia)
Fac : Mede fi ed f a e i i f ega e a a i agai R ai , he g d f ad e . Thi a
g a ed b he C f fi i a ce f Ma i a i 1952, a a di g A a he c d f hei (4) i
chi d e a e , F e cia, Ma e , Ca e i a a d Be i . The eaf e , A a d e he U i ed a ed a d
ef hei chi d e de he ca e f he i e . I he ea 1954, he e back he Phi i i e a d ge he
i h hi chi d e , he i ed i Ceb . I 1955, R a i a ked he e i i fA a d ha he ca b i g
hei 4 chi d e i Ma i a, a e d he f e a f he fa he . A a d a ed hi he c di i ha he i
be e i g he i 2 eek h e e , he fai ed c i h hi . The eaf e , R a i fi ed a e i i
ega di g he c d f he chi d e agai A a d a g i g ha 3 f he 4 chi d e d e a
c e back i h hi a d i he a i h he i ead. Thi a de ied he e c a d de ed R a i
bei g back he chi d e , A a d i hi 24 h . He ce, hi eii a g i g ha he e c
c i ed g a e ab e f di c e i . F he e, he a g e ha he 4 chi d e h d be a ed ch e
h a g he a d A a d h d ha e c d f he .
I e: Ma R ai a ec d f he chi d e af e bei g e i ed b A a d f 2 eek ? NO
R ling: N , i ce e i i e e e b ai ed he h ba d' e i i b i g he i chi d e Ma i a, f

he e f a e di g he f e a f hei a e a g a dfa he , e i i e b ai ed a d ha he h ica
e i f he i i a eca i a e . She h d i i he a e, beha f a d b a h i f
h ba d, h e age he, i effec , i . He a , he ef e, de a d hei e a a i e, a d he i b d
c i edia e i h ch de a d. She ca e e e i hi a h i ake i , a h gh he i
f ee eek a e ie f he de deci i a a di g he c d f i hi , a d a k ha he be
aced de he cha ge.
(c) On p ope ela ion

FC 63(2), 64, 102(4), 129(7)
FC 63(2). The dec ee f ega e a a i ha ha e he f i g effec : The ab e c i he
c j ga a e hi ha be di ed a d i ida ed b he ffe di g e ha ha e igh a ha e
f he e fi ea ed b he ab e c i he c j ga a e hi , hich ha be f fei ed i
acc da ce i h he i i f A ic e 43(2);
FC 64. Af e he fi a i f he dec ee f ega e a a i , he i ce e a e ke he d a i ade

b hi b he i fa f he ffe di g e, a e a he de ig a i f he a e a be eficia i a
i a ce ic , e e if ch de ig a i be i a ed a i e cab e. The e ca i f he d a i ha
be ec ded i he egi ie f e i he ace he e he e ie a e ca ed. A ie a i , ie a d
e c b a ce egi e ed i g d fai h bef e he ec di g f he c ai f e ca i i he egi ie f
e ha be e ec ed. The e ca i f cha ge i he de ig a i f he i a ce be eficia ha
ake effec i e ifica i he e f he i ed.
The ac i e ke he d a i de hi A ic e be b gh i hi fi e ea f he i e he dec ee
f ega e a a i bec e fi a .
FC 102(4). U di i f he ab ec i egi e, he f i g ced e ha a :
(4) The e e ai de f he e ie f he ab ec i ha c i ei e a e , hich ha be
di ided e a be ee h ba d a d ife, e a diffe e i di i i a ag eed i he
a iage e e e , e he e ha bee a a ai e f ch ha e ided i hi C de. F
e fc i g he e fi bjec f fei e i acc da ce i h A ic e 43, N . (2) a d 63, N . (2),
he aid fi ha be he i c ea e i a e be ee he a ke a e f he c i e a he i e
f he ce eb a i f he a iage a d he a ke a e a he i e f i di i .
FC 129(7). U he di i f he c j ga a e hi egi e, he f i g ced e ha a :

(7) The e e ai de f he c j ga a e hi e ie ha c i e he fi , hich ha be di ided
e a be ee h ba d a d ife, e a diffe e i di i i a ag eed i he
e e e e he e ha bee a ai e f fei e f ch ha e a ided i hi C de.
(44) Q iao Q iao (Repea ed)
(d) On ppo , FC 198

FC 198. D i g he ceedi g f ega e a a i f a e f a iage, a d f dec a a i f i
f a iage, he e a d hei chi d e ha be ed f he e ie f he ab ec i
he c j ga a e hi . Af e he fi a j dg e g a i g he e i i , he b iga i f a
be ee he e cea e . H e e , i ca e f ega e a a i , he c a de ha he g i e
ha gi e he i ce e, ecif i g he e f ch de . (292a)
(e) On he e of name, NCC 372

NCC 372. A ic e 372. Whe ega e a a i ha bee g a ed, he ife ha c i e i g he a e a d
a ee ed bef e he ega e a a i
(45) Lape al . Rep blic, G.R. No. L-18008, Oc obe 30, 1962 (Tagle)
Doc ine: I i d b f he he R e 103 f he R e f C , hich efe cha ge f a e i ge e a ,
a e ai e he ecific i i f A ic e 372 f he Ne Ci i C de i h ega d a ied e
ega e a a ed f hei h ba d . E e , h e e , a i g R e 103, he fac f ega e a a i a e i
fficie g d j if a cha ge f a e, beca e h d he i e, d be ide a ea
ci c e i f he a da i i f aid A ic e 372.
Fac : O Ma 10, 1960, E i ea La e a , a e ide f Bag i Ci , a a ied i h M . E i e Sa a a ia

Ma ch 1939. A dec ee f ega e a a i a ae i ed he e . D i g hei a iage, he
ed he h ba d a e. She fi ed hi e i i be e i ed e e i g he aide a e. Pe i i
ead : Tha in ie of he fac ha she has been legall separa ed from Mr. Enriq e San amaria and has
like ise ceased o li e i h him for man ears, i is desirable ha she be allo ed o change her name and/or
be permi ed o res me sing her maiden name, o i : Elisea Laperal.
O Oc be 31, 1960, he c de ied he e i i f he ea ha A ic e 372 f he Ci i C de e i e he

ife, e e af e he ega e a a i , c i e i g he a e a d a e he e ed bef e he ega
e aai . H e e, he e i i e i , he c ea ed he e i i a e f cha ge f a e.
The c g a ed he e i i he g d ha if he e i i e , h i a b i e a ,c i e i g he
a ied a e d gi e i e c f i i he fi a ce a d i ida i f c j ga a e . He ce, hi
a ea b he S a e.
I e: Whe he he c e i g a i g La e a eii f he cha ge f a e he g d f ega
e aai .
R ling: The Re b ic ci ed A ic e 372 f he Ne Ci i C de hich ead : When legal separa ion has been
gran ed, he ife shall con in e sing her name and s rname emplo ed before he legal separa ion. I i
a da ha he ife ha c i e i g he a e a d a e e ed bef e he ega e a a i .
Beca e he a ied a i affec ed b he e a a i , he e bei g e e a ce f he i c .
The ea e ied f he cha ge f a e i he fac ha La e a i ega e a a ed f he

h ba d a d ha cea ed i e i h hi . I i d b f he he R e 103 hich efe cha ge f a e i
ge e a , a e ai e he ecific i i f A ic e 372 f he Ne Ci i C de i h ega d a ied
e ega e a a ed f hei h ba d . E e , h e e , a i g R e 103 hi ca e, he fac f ega
e aai a e hich i he ba i f he e i i a ba i ,i i i , a fficie g d
j if a cha ge f he a e f he ei eii e, f h d he i e d be ide a ea
ci c e i f he a da i i f A ic e 372.
I i e ha i he ec d deci i hich ec ide ed he fi i i a ed ha he c i ed e f he

h ba d' a e a ca e d e c f i i he fi a ce . Thi fi di g i ih ba i . Fi , he e e e
he ca e hich he e i i a ba ed. Sec d , i h he i a ce f he dec ee f ega
e aai i 1958, he c j ga a e hi be ee e i i e a d he h ba d had a a ica bee
di ed a d i ida ed.
Di po i i e: WHEREFORE, he de f he e c f Dece be 1, 1960, g a i g he e i i , i he eb

e a ide a d he e i i di i ed. Wi h c .S de ed.
(f) On he edi a igh , FC 63(4)

FC 63(4). The dec ee f ega e a a i ha ha e he f i g effec :
(4) The ffe di g e ha be di a ified f i he i i g f he i ce e b i e ae
cce i . M e e , i i i fa f he ffe di g e ade i he i f he i ce e ha
be e ked b eai f a . (106a)
(g) Solo Pa en Ac , RA 8972. Bei g a i ge a e i ided i h be efi a d i i ege :
(1) a e ea e, a d
(2) h i g a d ed ca i a be efi a a i a ce he acc di g R.A. 8972.
C e , he e a e a d-a e ae i hei fa i ie beca e f a i a e a a i , dea h f a a e,
a d e .A a e , a ake e ac ed a a he " a e ".
H d e e g ab he e h d f ge i g be efi a a i ge a e ae ?
The S Pa e Ac f 2000 R.A. 8972 he Si g e Pa e La ide be efi a d i i ege
ae e e h a e he a e f hei chi d e eai e .
Acc di g Sec i 3 (a) f R.A. 8972, a " ae " i a e h ha bee ef i h he chi d'
e ibi i ca e de a f he f i g ca eg ie :
Q alifica ion : A a e , a defi ed b RA 8972 i :

1. A a h gi e bi h a a e f a e a d he c i e agai cha i e e ih a fi a c ic i
f he ffe de , ided ha he kee a d ai e he chi d.
2. Pa e ef a e i h he e ibi i f ae h dd e he f i g ci c a ce :
a. D e dea h f e.
b. S e i de ai ed i e i g e e ce f a c i i a c ic i f a ea e (1) ea .
c. Ph ica a d/ e a i ca aci f e a ce ified b a b ic edica ac i i e .
d. Lega e a a i de fac e aai f e f a ea e (1) ea , a g a he/ he
i e ed i h he c d f he chi d e .
e. Dec a a i f i a e f a iage a dec eed b a c b a ch ch a ga
he/ he i e ed i h he c d f he chi d e .
f. U a ied he /fa he h ha efe ed kee a d ea he /hi chi d/chi d e i ead f
ha i g he ca e f he gi e he a e fa e i i i .
g. A he e h e ide a e a ca e a d a chi d chi d e .
h. A fa i e be h a e he e ibi i f head f fa i a a e f he dea h,
aba d e , di a ea a ce ged ab e ce f he a e ae .
C i e ia fo S ppo
A ae h e i c e fa be he e h e h d a e b he NEDA a d bjec he
a e e f he DSWD ke i he a ea ha be e igib e f a i a ce. A a e ca di ec i ie
f he f i g age cie a ai f hei e ice :
- Hea h Se ice (DOH)
- Ed ca i a Se ice (CHED, TESDA)
- H i g (NHA)
- Pa e a Lea e (E e , DOLE, CSC)
N e: A ae h e i c e i ab e he e h e h d ha e j ch i i ed be efi a
f e ib e k ched e, a e a ea e a d he be de e i ed b he DSWD.
U de Sec i 10, A ic e IV f he I e e i g R e a d Reg a i f R.A. 8297, he be efi a d

i i ege f a a e ca be b ai ed if he e i a S Pa e Ide ifica i Ca d.
ID Req i emen : The a ica f he ae ID b i g he f i g d c e he

Ci /M ici a S cia We fa e a d De e e Office:
- Ba a ga ce ifica i ce if i g S Pa e e ide c i he ba a ga f he a i h
- Ce ifica e (e : bi h ce ifica e f chi d e , dea h ce ifica e f e a d he )
- I c e a e a d c e ha i e ab i h he i c e e e f he ae
The cia ke ecei e a d e e ha a d c e aec e e a d egi e he a ica i iha
a ia e ca e be i he g-b k Regi fS Pa e .
N e: The ID i be i ed af e 30 da f fi i g. The a idi f he ID i e ea a d i e e ab e.
8. Reconcilia ion
FC 65-67
FC 65. If he e h d ec ci e, a c e di g j i a ife a i de ahd ig ed b he
ha be fi ed i h he c i he a e ceedi g f ega e a a i . ( )
FC 66. The ec ci ia i efe ed i he ecedi g A ic e ha ha e he f i gc e e ce :

1. The ega e a a i ceedi g , if i e di g, ha he eb be e i a ed a ha e e age; a d
2. The fi a dec ee f ega e a a i ha be e a ide, b he e a a i f e a d a f fei e f
he ha e f he g i e a ead effec ed ha b i , e he e ag ee e i e hei
f e e egi e.
The c ' de c ai i g he f eg i g ha be ec ded i he e ci i egi ie . (108a)
FC 67. The ag ee e e i e he f e e egi e efe ed i he ecedi g A ic e ha be

e ec ed de a h a d ha ecif :
1. The e ie be c ib ed a e he e ed egi e;
2. Th e be e ai ed a e a a ed e ie f each e; a d
3. The a e f a hei k c edi , hei add e e a d he a i g each.
The ag ee e f e i a a d he i f i a a ha be fi ed i h he c i he a e ceedi g f
ega e a a i , i h c ie f b h f i hed he c edi a ed he ei . Af e d e hea i g, he c
ha , i i de , ake ea e ec he i e e f c edi a d ch de ha be ec ded i he
e egi ie f e ie .
The ec di g f he de i g i he egi ie f e ha ej dice a c edi i ed
ified, e he deb - e ha fficie e aae e ie a i f he c edi ' c ai .
9. Effec of dea h of one of he pa ie

(46) Lap E femio (Repea ed) - SCRA ci a ion mis aken from he ne case
(47) An onio Macadangdang CA, Hon. Seba ian (P e iding j dge of he CFI of Da ao), Filomena
Ga iana Macadangdang, and Rolando Rama (R ol)
Doc ine: The dea h f a e af e a fi a dec ee f ega e a a i ha effec he ega e a a i .
Whe he dec ee i e f i i ed, he fi a i f he e a a i i c e e af e he a e f he e i d a ea
he deci i a highe c e e if he effec , ch a he i ida i f he e ha e bee
c e ced e i a ed.
Fac : Fi e a Ga ia a Macada gda g a d A i Macada gda g e e a ied i 1946 af e i i g

ge he f 2 ea . F a h b e b -a d- e b i e a d a i- a i e eai i Da a Ci , he
e ed Ma ab, Da a De N e he e hei a b i e g e . The had 6 chi d e , 3 f h
a e a ead f aj i age hi e he 3 a e i i . E e a , hei e a i hi a ed bec e hak
a d b h e gaged i e a a i a e a i . The e a a ed i 1965 a d Fi e a ef f Ceb . Whe he
e ed Da a , he ea ed f he i ici affai f he h ba d.
Fi e a fi ed f ega e a a i i he CFI f Da a . I Feb a 1972, Fi e a fi ed a e i i f

a i e f ad i i a ad i i e he e a e f he c j ga a e hi e di g he e i a i f he
ca e i hich A i ed. The e i i ha bee ac ed , he ce he ia c ed f he ega
e aai f Fi e aa dA i a d de ed A i a 10k e Fi e a f he i he
c ca a i a ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi .
Fi e a fi ed a i a i g ha he be a ed i hd a 10k e f he ea e e a fa i f
hei c j ga e de i ed b F a ci c Di hich he c a ed.
Fi e a fi ed a he i f he a i e f a ad i i a i ede a f e e ai f hei
e ie b A i hich A i ed.
O Se e be 20, 1973, e de J dge i ed a de di ec i g Fi e a c e b i 3 a e

f a i e a ad i i a , i c di g a ba ki g i i i ha d e ca e f ad i i a i .
Macada gda g fi ed a MR i h a e ha he be a ed c i e ad i i e i g he c j ga e ie
b he MR a de ied.
O Oc be 13, 1973, Fi e a b i ed he 3 a e f a i e a d 10 da a e , Macada gda g
fi ed a MR, hich agai a de ied beca e he dec ee f ega e a a i had bec e fi a .
Macada gda g a ea hi ca e he CA i a e i i f ce i a i a d hibi i iha i f ei i a

i j ci a d e a e ai i g de a d id he Se e be , Oc be , a d N e be 1973
deci i f e de J dge.
The CA i i e i he d ha he Ja a 4, 1973 deci i f he e c had bec e fi a a d h ,
he a i e f a ad i i a a a id. He ce hi a ea .
O Feb a 6, 1980, c e f Macada gda g, b i ed a ice f dea h a i g ha A i had died
N e be 30, 1979 h aki g hi ca e a d Ci i Ca e N . 109 a d acade ic.
I e:
(1) WON he dea h of a po e af e a final dec ee of legal epa a ion ha an effec on he legal
epa a ion? NO
(2) WON he deci i f he ia c i Ci i Ca e N . 109 (dec a ed he ega e a a i f Fi e aa d
A i ) had bec e fi a a d e ec bef e hi e i i a fi ed? YES
FIRST ISSUE: NO. The dea h f a e af e a fi a dec ee f ega e a a i ha effec he ega

e a a i . Whe he dec ee i e f i i ed, he fi a i f he e a a i i c e e af e he a e f he
ei d a ea he deci i a highe c e e if he effec , ch a he i ida i f he e ha
e bee c e ced e i a ed. The a c ea e he effec f a fi a dec ee f ega
e aai he c j ga e . The ef e, he i ida i a d di ib i c f ab i h he
effec f ch fi a dec ee, he a i e ae cce i h d ake e he di ii f ha e e
e ai i g e ie ha e bee a ca ed he decea ed e.
S ch di i a d i ida i a e ece a c e e ce f he fi a dec ee. A . 63 f he FC ide :

Ar . 63 The decree of legal separa ion shall ha e he follo ing effec s:
2. The conj gal par nership of gains or he absol e conj gal comm ni of proper shall be dissol ed and
liq ida ed b he offending par shall ha e no righ o an share of he ne profi s earned b he par nership or
comm ni , hich shall be forfei ed in accordance i h Ar . 43(2).
The e ega effec i fac a a ica f , a a i e i ab e i cide f he j dg e dec eei g ega
e a a i , f he e f de e i i g he ha e f each e f he c j ga a e .
SECOND ISSUE: YES. Fi e a c ai f ega e a a i a d di i i f e ie a a i ge

c ai . The e c e ed he i e f ega e a a i a d ha f he di i i f he
c j ga e . The di i i f he c j ga e i a e e a deci i i a e e i cide f he
dec ee f ega e a a i , a ei e a ed i A 63.

Legal Separaion

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Legal Separaion

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THE LAW ON SEPARATION OF SPOUSES

A. Concep of Sepa a ion and Di o ce

Fac : Thi i a ac i f di ce. The c ai , hich a fi ed Oc be 29, 1901, a eged, a he

La 1, i e 10, f he f hh​ par ida​, defi e di ce a f :

I e:​ D di ce dec ee a a iage ? N .

The di ce did a he a iage. La 3, i e 2, a ida 4, a , a g he , he f i g:

S g ea i he ie a d f ce f a iage ha he ega c ac ed i ca be di ed, i h a di g

The ad e f he defe da a d ed. The fi di g ha he ai iff had c i ed ad e i ,

I i aid ha if he ai iff i g i he defe da ha c d ed he ffe e. I i ece a de e i e

B La 6, i e 9, ​par ida 4, he ife ca defea he h ba d' i f di ce b i g ha he ha a d ed

FC 239. ​Whe a h ba d a d ife a e e a a ed i fac , e ha aba d ed he he a d e f he

FC 240. C ai f da age b ei he e, e ce c f he ceedi g , a be i iga ed i a

FC 241. J i dic i e he e i i ha , f f ice he he e, be e e ci ed b he

FC 243. ​A e i i a c fe e ce ha be c d c ed b he j dge e a ih he a ie bei g

FC 245. If, de i e a eff , he a e da ce f he -c e i g e i ec ed, he c a

FC 246. If he e i i i e ed a he i i ia c fe e ce, aid e i i ha be decided i a a

FC 247.​ The j dg e f he c ha be i edia e fi a a d e ec .( )

FC 248. The e i i f j dicia a h i ad i i e e c be ecific e aae e f he

(2) Villan e a Chiong (Od onia)

E i e a fi ed f ie i g f i e i h da age hich a g a ed b he egi a ia c . Thi a a ea ed

I e: Whe he he a e ade b F e i i h he e i i e h d be a d id f acki g he c e

R ling: ​N , h e e , i i idab e. The e e c ed ha b i e f A . 178 f he ci i c de, he

NCC 221(1). ​A ic e 221. The f i g ha be id a d f effec :

(4) Go a eb Ha him​, ​G.R. N . 25577, Ma ch 3, 1927​ (Tagle)

Fac : ​O N e be 12, 1920, he CFI-Ma i a e de ed a j dge e e i i g he defe da , Ha hi

Ha hi a d G a eb ha e bee e a ged a d i i g a a f 12 ea . D i g hi e i d, each ha

R ling: ​Ha hi b iga i G a eb a he i e d ca be affec ed b he Ne ada di ce. The

I Ra i e . G , he c he d ha ​ he co r of a co n r in hich nei her of he spo ses is domiciled and

F he , he c he d ha he a ie c ac ed a iage i S ia, i ead f he Phi i i e , i a e ia

Di po i i e: ​I e ha e fi d e ha e e i he a ea ed j dge e , ei he a ega d he iabi i

(5) Tencha e Esca o (Repea ed)

(b) Di o ce nde he M lim Code

MC 46​. ​Di orce b alaq.

MC 47​. D​ i orce b Ila. Whe e a h ba d ake a ab ai f a ca a e a i (i a) i h hi ife a d

MC 49. ​Di orce b li'an. Whe e he h ba d acc e hi ife i c f ad e , a dec ee f e e a di ce

MC 50. ​Di orce b kh l'. The ife a , af e ha i g ffe ed e e ce he d e a a he

MC 51. ​Di orce b af id. If he h ba d ha de ega ed ( af id) he ife he igh effec a a a a he i e f

MC 52. ​Di orce b faskh.​ The c a , he ife e i i , dec ee di ce b fa kh a f he ff g d :

MC 53. ​Faskh on he gro nd of n s al cr el . A dec ee f fa kh he g d f a c e a be g a ed

MC 54. ​Effec s of irre ocable alaq or faskh. A a a fa kh, a a i bec e i e cab e, ha ha e he

(8) Lla e Rep blic (Repea ed)

B. Concep of legal epa a ion, compa e i h NCC 97

NCC 97.​ ​A icle 97.​ A e i i f ega e a a i a be fi ed:

1. G o nd fo legal epa a ion

Sec 19 RA 9262. ​Legal Separa ion Cases. I ca e f ega e a a i , he e i e ce a ecified i hi Ac

(a) Se al infideli o pe e ion

NCC 36. ​A icle 36. P e-j dicia e i , hich be decided bef e a ci i a ec i a be

RPC 333. ARTICLE 333. Wh a e G i f Ad e . Ad e i c i ed b a a ied a h

RPC 334. ​ARTICLE 334. C c bi age. A h ba d h ha kee a i e i he c j ga d e i g, ,

RPC 247. ​ARTICLE 247. Dea h Ph ica I j ie I f ic ed U de E ce i a Ci c a ce . A ega

(10) Goi a Campos-R eda (Repea ed)

Fac ​: Thi i a ecia ci i ac i f ce i a i i h i j c i a he de f J dge Pe a a da de i g

O Ma 29, 1986, Te e i a, he ife f F i a , fi ed i h he RTC f Mi a i O ie a , a c ai f ega

O N e be 14, 1986, a ica i f he i i a e ed f e de e i e, e di g a deci i i

F ia c e d ha he ci i ac i f ega e a a i a d i cide c e e he e (a ica i f

I e: ​WON a ci i ca e f ega e aai ca ceed e di g he e i f he c i i a ca e f

(12) Kala Fernande (Repea ed)

(b) D g addic ion, habi al alcoholi m, le biani m o homo e ali

(14) Almelor RTC (Repea ed)

(15) Campo Campo (Hechano a)

O he he ha d, Aida ( ife, e i i e ) fi ed a e i i f ega e a a i . She ai e he f i g

In e iga ing J dge Repo ( o can go aigh o SC ling):

OCA Repo and Recommenda ion ( o can go aigh o SC ling):

La 1, i e 10, f he f hh par ida, defi e di ce a f :

I e: D di ce dec ee a a iage ? N .

B La 6, i e 9, par ida 4, he ife ca defea he h ba d' i f di ce b i g ha he ha a d ed

FC 239. Whe a h ba d a d ife a e e a a ed i fac , e ha aba d ed he he a d e f he

FC 243. A e i i a c fe e ce ha be c d c ed b he j dge e a ih he a ie bei g

FC 247. The j dg e f he c ha be i edia e fi a a d e ec .( )

R ling: N , h e e , i i idab e. The e e c ed ha b i e f A . 178 f he ci i c de, he

NCC 221(1). A ic e 221. The f i g ha be id a d f effec :

(4) Go a eb Ha him, G.R. N . 25577, Ma ch 3, 1927 (Tagle)

Fac : O N e be 12, 1920, he CFI-Ma i a e de ed a j dge e e i i g he defe da , Ha hi

R ling: Ha hi b iga i G a eb a he i e d ca be affec ed b he Ne ada di ce. The

I Ra i e . G , he c he d ha he co r of a co n r in hich nei her of he spo ses is domiciled and

Di po i i e: I e ha e fi d e ha e e i he a ea ed j dge e , ei he a ega d he iabi i

MC 46. Di orce b alaq.

MC 47. D i orce b Ila. Whe e a h ba d ake a ab ai f a ca a e a i (i a) i h hi ife a d

MC 49. Di orce b li'an. Whe e he h ba d acc e hi ife i c f ad e , a dec ee f e e a di ce

MC 50. Di orce b kh l'. The ife a , af e ha i g ffe ed e e ce he d e a a he

MC 51. Di orce b af id. If he h ba d ha de ega ed ( af id) he ife he igh effec a a a a he i e f

MC 52. Di orce b faskh. The c a , he ife e i i , dec ee di ce b fa kh a f he ff g d :

MC 53. Faskh on he gro nd of n s al cr el . A dec ee f fa kh he g d f a c e a be g a ed

MC 54. Effec s of irre ocable alaq or faskh. A a a fa kh, a a i bec e i e cab e, ha ha e he

NCC 97. A icle 97. A e i i f ega e a a i a be fi ed:

Sec 19 RA 9262. Legal Separa ion Cases. I ca e f ega e a a i , he e i e ce a ecified i hi Ac

NCC 36. A icle 36. P e-j dicia e i , hich be decided bef e a ci i a ec i a be

RPC 334. ARTICLE 334. C c bi age. A h ba d h ha kee a i e i he c j ga d e i g, ,

RPC 247. ARTICLE 247. Dea h Ph ica I j ie I f ic ed U de E ce i a Ci c a ce . A ega

Fac : Thi i a ecia ci i ac i f ce i a i i h i j c i a he de f J dge Pe a a da de i g

I e: WON a ci i ca e f ega e aai ca ceed e di g he e i f he c i i a ca e f

R ling: Ye . The h ba d i g i b f i e i c d c.

NCC 97(2). A ic e 97. A e i i f ega e a a i a be fi ed:

NCC 99. N e ha be e i ed a ega e a a i h ha e ided i he Phi i i e f e ea

Fac : Ca e O La -S fi ed a e i i f ega e a a i agai E fe i S. E fe i A g 18,

I e: D e he dea h f he ai iff bef e fi a dec ee, i a ac i f ega e a a i , aba e he ac i ?I

Fac : S c Ma bi fi ed i h he CFI A i 24, 1956, a c ai f ega e a a i a d cha ge f

I e: Whe he he ac i f ega e a a i a a ead e c ibed? YES

R ling: S c eii a fi ed ide he e i d ided f b he A ic e 102. B he e ad i i

FC 60. N dec ee f ega e a a i ha be ba ed a i ai f fac ac fe i f j dg e .

R ling: I i c ceded ha he e i d f i h fi ed he ei A ic e 103 (Ci i C de) i e ide i e ded

The le i ha all he p o i ion of he la e en if appa en l con adic o , ho ld be allo ed

Fac : J e de Oca (Pe i i e ) a d Se afi a F e cia (Re de ) g a ied A i 5, 1938 a d

I e: Whe he a dec ee f ega e a a i be g a ed?

S pposing he s a emen of defendan cons i es a confession of j dgmen , inasm ch as here is e idence of

Acc di g he e ide ce e e ed i he i a ca e, he ffe e f ad e had ea k ace. The

Fac : O J e 18, 1971, L c Sa a-Ra fi ed a Ci i Ca ei he a a f he e de j dge H .

I e: Whe he he e (A ic e 103 f he Ci i C de, A ic e 58 f he Fa i C de) hibi i g he

R ling: The SC he d ha he c he e he ac i i e di g acc di g A ic e 103 h d e ai

I i c ea ha he C ce i did, i fac , ecifica p a fo legal epa a ion. Wi h hi o he emedie ,

Fac : Sa T. Saba e , a di a , ef hi ife, Re edi Ga i a-Saba e , he ad i i a i f