0396 Oracle Goldengate 12c Tutorial
0396 Oracle Goldengate 12c Tutorial
0396 Oracle Goldengate 12c Tutorial
Document ID 1960719.1
Tracy West
Consulting Solution Architect
Fusion Middleware Architects Team: The A-Team
Disclaimer
This sample code is provided for educational purposes only and not supported by Oracle Support
Services. It has been tested internally, however, and works as documented. We do not guarantee
that it will work for you, so be sure to test it in your environment before relying on it.
Proofread this sample code before using it! Due to the differences in the way text editors, e-mail
packages and operating systems handle text formatting (spaces, tabs and carriage returns), this
sample code may not be in an executable state when you first receive it. Check over the sample
code to ensure that errors of this type are corrected.
This document touches briefly on many important and complex concepts and does not provide a
detailed explanation of any one topic since the intent is to present the material in the most
expedient manner. The goal is simply to help the reader become familiar enough with the
product to successfully design and implement an Oracle GoldenGate environment. To that end, it
is important to note that the activities of design, unit testing and integration testing which are
crucial to a successful implementation have been intentionally left out of the guide. All the
sample scripts are provided as is. Oracle consulting service is highly recommended for any
customized implementation.
Disclaimer 1
Introduction 4
Prerequisites 5
Tutorial pre-setup: 5
Parameters explained 12
Parameters explained 15
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Initial Loading of Oracle Tables utilizing OGG Initial Load Facilities 17
Parameters explained 18
Parameters explained 19
Apply Change Data that was captured during Initial Loading of Data 21
Running Replicat 21
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Introduction
Oracle GoldenGate Extract, Replicat and associated utilities enable you to create, load and refresh
one Oracle database to another Oracle database.
This tutorial provides a quick overview of Oracle to Oracle database replication using Integrated
Extract and Integrated Replicat for version 12c and above. Extraction from a Multitenant database is
only supported by Integrate Extract. For more detailed information, please consult the Oracle
GoldenGate Administration Guide.
This tutorial may be read to get a general overview of how Extract and Replicat operate. Alternatively,
you can follow along each step of the way. This tutorial utilizes an extract pulling data from a single
PDB and sending the data across the network to the target system. Once the data is written to trail
files on the target system it will be applied to a single PDB by a replicat. In a production environment,
an OGG Extract pump would be utilized to minimize the risk of a replication outage due to a network
issue.
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Prerequisites
If you plan to execute the instructions in the tutorial, make sure all software is already installed. The reader should
also be familiar with basic Multitenant architecture and functionality. Multitenant is an Oracle 12c RDBMs feature. It
is assumed for this tutorial that both the source and target are running Oracle 12c RDBMS. For Oracle 12.1.0.2 and
above, the init.ora parameter, enable_goldengate_replication must be set to TRUE in both the
source and target databases. This parameter must be set in the CDB$ROOT. Also the PDBs being
replicated need to be accessible and should have entries in the tnsnames.ora. These PDBs should also be open
and available.
The following table describes items that are referred to throughout the tutorial. You will need to identify your
installation-specific values and substitute them as you go.
Unix Definitions /ggs/dirdef Directory for generated Oracle DDL and definition files.
Files
Oracle Logon userid, User ID and password for the source or target database. When implementing Integrated Extract
password or Replicat, this user must be granted admin privileges with the DBMS_GOLDENGATE_AUTH
procedure on the source database.
Unix System unixserver2 IP address/hostname of the target Unix system in network.
Network Address
The source Oracle database tables used in this tutorial can be created and loaded with sample data using the
following scripts from the OGG installation directory. Make sure to login directly to the PDB with the schema owner.
Tutorial pre-setup:
PDB=>pdb1
PDB Schema =>test
PDB Schema Password => test_pass
PDB service name => ‘PDB1’
Create Source Tables and Load with Data using scripts from the OGG installation directory.
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Create Target Oracle Tables used in this tutorial using the following script from the OGG installation
directory.
Extract and Replicat work together to keep the databases in sync near real-time via incremental transaction
replication. Perform this function by
» Starting the Manager program on both the source and target systems.
» Adding supplemental transaction log data for update operations.
» Running the real-time Extract to retrieve and store the incremental changed data from the Oracle tables into
trail files on the target Unix system.
Once the target database is created, it can be loaded with data from the Oracle source database. To load the target
database via OGG tools by
» Running the initial load Extract to retrieve, convert and output data from the Oracle tables.
» Running the initial load Replicat to insert the initial data into the target database.
Commands throughout the tutorial make specific references to directories, file names, checkpoint group names,
begin times, etc. Unless otherwise noted, these items do not have to correspond exactly in your environment; they
are used to illustrated concrete examples. Where the prompt is written GGSCI {unixserver1}> the command should
be executed on the source system. {unixserver2} indicates the target system.
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The following are the special requirements that apply to replication to and from multitenant container databases.
» All of the pluggable databases in the multitenant container database must have the same attributes, such as
character set, locale, and case-sensitivity. The character set of the pluggable databases must be the same
character set of the CDB or a binary subset of the CDB’s character set.
» Extract must operate in integrated capture mode.
» Extract must connect to the root container (cdb$root) as a common user in order to interact with the
logmining server. To specify the root container, use the appropriate SQL*Net connect string for the database
user that you specify with the USERID or USERIDALIAS parameter. For example:
C##GGADMIN@FINANCE. For more information on ‘common user’ please refer to Oracle Database
12.1 documentation.
» A single Extract supports pulling data from multiple PDBs, but a single Replicat will only support applying
data to 1 PDB. So if pulling data from multiple PDBs, multiple replicats will need to be created to apply all
the data.
» The dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege package grants the appropriate privileges for
capture and apply within a multitenant container databases. This includes the container parameter, which
must be set to ALL for the extract user, as shown in the following example:
exec dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege('C##GGADMIN',container=>'all')
% sqlplus / as sysdba
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------------------------------
PDBORCL
The following query will list all the PDBs (including CDB) on services
Note: the read only PDB$SEED is not listed here. Please refer to Oracle Database 12.1 documentation for more
information on PDB$SEED.
This SQL issued from within a PDB, it will only list data related to that PDB
SQL> alter session set container=PDBORCL;
Session altered.
To connect to a PDB directly without 'alter session set container'. You must connect through the PDB
network service.
$ sqlplus pdb1_u1/pdb1_u1@pdb1
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Thu Dec 19 12:03:14 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Thu Dec 19 2013 12:02:49 -08:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing
options
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Prepare the Database for Replication and Start Capturing Changes
Before the initial load is started, supplemental logging needs to be enabled and real-time extract started. All
changes occurring against source tables are automatically detected by Extract, then formatted and transferred near
real-time to temporary files on the Unix file system. After initial load is completed, the data is read from these files
and replicated to the target database by the Replicat.
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Connected.
SQL> connect c##ggadmin/ggadmin
Connected.
The parameter in extract for userid and password should also be in the correct case.
e.g., userid c##ggadmin, password ggadmin
To enable minimal supplemental logging at the PDB level, issue the following command on the source Unix system.
$(unixserver1) sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1 ;
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;
Pluggable Database altered.
To add supplemental log data at the table level, issue the following commands on the source Unix system. For
DDL replication which is enabled in this tutorial, use ADD SCHEMATRANDATA to ensure supplemental logging is
automatically enabled for altered or new tables. ADD TRANDATA is demonstrated as an option for individual tables
that you only want to replicate DML for.
$(unixserver1) cd /ggs
$(unixserver1) ggsci
GGSCI (unixserver1) > DBLOGIN USERID test@pdb1, PASSWORD test_pass
Successfully logged into database PDB1.
Or
The DBLOGIN command establishes a database connection for the specified user. The user is prompted for a
password.
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The ADD TRANDATA or ADD SCHEMATRANDATA command causes Oracle to log primary key columns for all update
operations on the specified table. For Multitenant, the schema and PDB must be specified. ADD SCHEMATRANDATA
should be used when DDL replication is enabled.
» Add the MGRPORT parameter to the Manager Parameter file. This ensures that server collector processes
can be dynamically created on the remote system to receive and log data created by Extract.
The Manager program provides a number of important functions, including monitoring critical system components
and starting GoldenGate processes. Before running any other GoldenGate programs on Unix, you must start
Manager.
Before starting Manager, you must edit Manager’s startup parameter file (called /ggs/dirprm/mgr.prm) and add the
PORT parameter. You can do this manually with a Unix editor, or you can use GGSCI to start the vi program for you
with these commands:
GGSCI (unixserver1) > EDIT PARAMS MGR
In either case, add the following text to the MGR.PRM file, then save the file and quit.
PORT 7809
If your target Oracle database is on another system, repeat the above steps on the target system. Start the target
Manager process with the START MANAGER command.
GGSCI (unixserver2) > EDIT PARAMS MGR
PORT 7809
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You can also edit the file /ggs/dirprm/extora.prm directly from any other text editor.
Enter the following parameters into EXTORA. Note that the ordering of the parameters is important.
--
-- Extract parameter file to capture TCUSTORD
-- and TCUSTMER changes
--
EXTRACT EXTORA
RMTTRAIL ./dirdat/rt
LOGALLSUPCOLS
UPDATERECORDFORMAT COMPACT
TABLE pdb1.test.TCUSTMER;
TABLE pdb1.test.TCUSTORD;
Parameters explained:
EXTRACT EXTORA identifies the particular extract checkpoint group with which this parameter file is associated.
USERID and PASSWORD must match an existing account in the Oracle database. The active Oracle database is
indicated by the user’s ORACLE_SID environment variable. For Integrated Extract this user must have been granted
Admin Privileges by using the ‘DBMS_GOLDENGATE_AUTH’ package executed by a SYS account. In this
example the password is in clear text. The best practice is to encrypt the password.
RMTHOST identifies the system to which to output extracted database changes and must be specified before
RMTTRAIL. MGRPORT specifies the port number on which Manager has been configured to listen for requests for
Server Collectors. RMTHOST can also be specified as a standard TCP/IP host name.
RMTTRAIL specifies the file set to which database changes will be output. Changes detected on any TABLE specified
below this entry will be output to the remote trail.
DDL INCLUDE MAPPED enables capture of DDL changes for mapped objects. DDL replication for Oracle 12c
does not require any setup. It just needs to be enabled in the extract parameter file.
DDLOPTIONS REPORT enables DDL processing information to be written to the report file.
LOGALLSUPCOLS ensures the capture of the supplementally logged columns in the before image. This parameter
is valid for any source database that is supported by Oracle GoldenGate. The database must be configured to log
the before and after values of the primary key, unique indexes, and foreign keys.
UPDATERECORDFORMAT parameter set to COMPACT causes Extract to combine the before and after images of
an UPDATE operation into a single record in the trail. This parameter is valid for Oracle database versions 11.2.0.4
and later and improves the performance of an integrated Replicat.
Each TABLE entry specifies a PDB, schema and table from which to extract data.
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Registering Extract – Integrated Extract
In order to enable Integrated Extract mode, the extract must be registered in the database.
To register the Extract to the database for Integrated Extract, issue the following commands on the source Unix
system.
$(unixserver1) cd /ggs
$(unixserver1) ggsci
GGSCI (unixserver1) > dblogin userid c##ggadmin, password ggadmin
Successfully logged into database CDB$ROOT.
The DBLOGIN command establishes a database connection for the specified user. The user is prompted for a
password.
The REGISTER command with the DATABASE option enables Integrated Capture mode for the Extract group. In this
mode, Extract integrates with the database logmining server to receive change data in the form of logical change
records (LCR). Extract does not read the redo logs. Extract performs capture processing, filtering, transformation,
and other requirements. CONTAINER option allows users to specify a specific PDB or a series of PDBs.
Extract requires two checkpoints: one into the Oracle redo, which is the source of all database changes, and one
into the remote extract trails. Remote extract trails are a series of temporary files created on the target Unix system
that contain extracted changes.
To set up these checkpoints on your source system, issue the following commands on Unix.
$(unixserver1) cd /ggs
$(unixserver1) ggsci
GGSCI (unixserver1) > ADD EXTRACT EXTORA, INTEGRATED TRANLOG, BEGIN NOW
EXTRACT added.
The ADD EXTRACT command establishes an Extract checkpoint group name. The INTEGRATED TRANLOG clause
adds this Extract in integrated capture mode. In this mode, Extract integrates with the database logmining server,
which passes logical change records (LCR) directly to Extract. Extract does not read the redo log. The BEGIN NOW
clause causes Extract to process database operations occurring at or after the time the Extract group was added.
Alternatively, you can specify a date and time instead of the keyword NOW.
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The ADD RMTTRAIL command establishes a checkpoint into a remote extract trail. After each file in this trail reaches
approximately 10 megabytes, Extract creates the next file in the sequence. 10 megabytes is used for training
purposes only. It is far too small of a value for a production implementation. Files will be named rt000000,
rt000001, rt000002 and so on. These files are the source of input to the Replicat program. Note that instead of ‘rt’
you could specify any two-character prefix.
Choose group names, destination files and sizes appropriate for your environment.
Remote extract trail files are only temporary. Manager can be configured (using PURGEOLDEXTRACTS) to delete the
trail file when Extract and Replicat are both finished processing it. Therefore, intermediate storage requirements are
actually quite small.
Rollover from one file to the next can also be controlled by time of day rather than file size, via the EXTRACT
ROLLOVER parameter.
Integrated replicat cannot connect to the root container. The replicat user must connect directly to a specific PDB.
So a specific user must be created.
Grant Permissions:
SQL> exec
dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege('REPUSER',container=>'PDB1');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
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Check Connection with new user:
SQL> disconnect
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 -
64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage
Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
Alternatively, you can launch the vi program within GGSCI on the target Unix system.
$(unixserver2) cd /ggs
$(unixserver2) ggsci
GGSCI (unixserver2) > EDIT PARAMS REPORA
--
-- REPLICAT parameter file to replicate changes
-- for TCUSTORD and TCUSTMER.
--
REPLICAT REPORA
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
DBOPTIONS INTEGRATEDPARAMS(parallelism 6)
Parameters explained:
REPLICAT REPORA associates this parameter file with the REPORA checkpoint established via GGSCI. This also
implicitly establishes the extract trail /ggs/dirdat/rt as the source of data to replicate.
ASSUMETARGETDEFS allows Replicat to assume that the source Oracle tables are structured like the target tables.
This eliminates the need to retrieve table definitions from the source system. Source definitions must be generated
using DEFGEN if a source table is structured differently than the target.
DISCARDFILE determines where records from operations that fail during replication are output. The discard file is
useful for debugging problems during the replication process. This file will contain any rejected rows and the
associated causes. Any existing contents are purged at startup when PURGE is specified (APPEND could be
specified instead). MEGABYTES specifies the maximum file size.
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DDL INCLUDE MAPPED enables apply to the target database of DDL changes for mapped objects.
DDLOPTIONS REPORT enables DDL processing information to be written to the report file.
DBOPTIONS INTEGRATEDPARAMS(parallelism 6) Passes settings for parameters that control the database inbound server
within the target Oracle database. Parallelism sets the number of processes.
USERID and PASSWORD must match an existing account in the Oracle database. The active PDB is indicated by
@pdb1. In this example the password is in clear text. The best practice is to encrypt the password.
Each MAP entry establishes a relationship between a source Oracle table and a target Oracle table.
Note that no END parameter is specified. The omission of END means that Replicat will continue to run until explicitly
stopped by the user (or a fatal error occurs). END is specified when Replicat is run in batch mode versus online
mode.
In addition, any replication error will cause Replicat to abort (for example, a duplicate record condition). See the
documentation on the following Replicat parameters to customize error response: HANDLECOLLISIONS,
OVERRIDEDUPS, INSERTMISSINGUPDATES and REPERROR. Note that restart issues are discussed later in this tutorial.
To set up the Replicat checkpoint, issue the following commands on the target Unix system.
GGSCI (unixserver2)> ADD REPLICAT REPORA, INTEGRATED, EXTTRAIL ./dirdat/rt
The ADD REPLICAT command establishes the extract trail (EXTTRAIL) created by Extract as the source of information
to replicate. REPORA is the name given to this checkpoint group. . The INTEGRATED T clause adds this Replicat in
integrated apply mode.
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Initial Loading of Oracle Tables utilizing OGG Initial Load Facilities
This section demonstrates the basic features of GoldenGate’s Oracle to Oracle initial load facilities.
» Extract is configured as a batch task to retrieve data directly from the source tables
» and send the data directly to a Replicat batch task.
» Replicat is configured as a batch task to populate target tables.
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TABLE pdb1.test.*, SQLPREDICATE ‘AS OF SCN 75578010’ ;
Parameters explained:
EXTRACT is the group name used for this batch task, which retrieves data directly from the tables rather than the
redo log and sends the data to the RMTTASK Replicat group.
USERID and PASSWORD must match an existing account in the Oracle database. The active Oracle database is
indicated by the user’s ORACLE_SID environment variable. In this example the password is in clear text. The best
practice is to encrypt the password.
The RMTHOST parameter specifies the TCP/IP address of the target Unix system to which the data is moved.
MGRPORT specifies the well known port number on which Manager has been configured to listen for requests for
Extract Server Collectors. RMTHOST can also be specified as a standard TCP/IP host name.
The RMTTASK entry determines where the extracted data is output on the target, in this case, a Replicat group
named INITREP.
Each TABLE entry specifies a table from which to extract data, and a TARGET structure for the data. If the source and
target column names are the same, no other parameters are required. If your columns have different names, refer to
the COLMAP statement on how to explicitly map each column. Make sure you change the schema to match the
owner of the table. SQLPREDICATE insures initial load data is consistent to a specified SCN.
Note also that a semi-colon (;) is required at the end of the TABLE entry.
Frequently, a subset of the source table’s columns is required on the target platform, rather than each and every
column.
For example, the target application may use only 10 out of the 70 columns in the source table. In this case, the
COLMAP clause can limit the mapping to those 10 columns.
As another alternative, the set of rows to transfer can be limited by specifying WHERE clauses. For example, the
parameter entry TABLE TCUSTORD, WHERE (CUST_CODE = “ABC” OR CUST_CODE = “XYZ”) would exclude any rows
not meeting the criteria.
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
DISCARDFILE ./dirrpt/tcustmer.dsc, APPEND
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MAP pdb1.test.*, TARGET pdb1.test.*;
Parameters explained:
REPLICAT is the batch task group named and must match the name specified in the source Extract parameter file.
ASSUMETARGETDEFS tells Replicat to assume that the source Oracle tables are structured like the target tables. This
eliminates the need to retrieve table definitions from the source system. Source definitions must be generated using
DEFGEN if a source table is structured differently than the target.
DISCARDFILE determines where operations that fail during replication are output. The discard file is useful for
debugging problems during the replication process. It will contain any rejected rows and the associated causes.
When PURGE is specified existing contents are purged at startup, or APPEND could be specified instead.
USERID and PASSWORD must match an existing account in the Oracle database. The active Oracle database is
indicated by the user’s ORACLE_SID environment variable. In this example the password is in clear text. The best
practice is to encrypt the password.
Each MAP entry establishes a relationship between a source Oracle table and a target Oracle table. In this example,
we used a wildcard map.
In addition, any replication error will cause Replicat to abort (for example, a duplicate record condition). See the
documentation on the following Replicat parameters to customize error response: HANDLECOLLISIONS,
OVERRIDEDUPS, INSERTMISSINGUPDATES and REPERROR. Note that restart issues are discussed later in this tutorial.
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The process may be monitored with the INFO or STATUS commands.
GGSCI (unixserver1) > INFO EXTRACT INITEXT
Note that the output will be sent to the Extract’s and Replicat’s report file.
When Extract completes, you will see statistics indicating how many records were output into the target tables.
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Apply Change Data that was captured during Initial Loading of Data
At this point, you will need to apply the changes that were occurring on the source system while the initial load was
being executed.
Running Replicat
Replicat is initiated from the target Unix command prompt as follows. Make sure to use the SCN captured in the
initial load step. In our example, 75578010 was the SCN captured during the initial load step. Only data captured
‘After’ SCN 75578010 will be applied.
$(unixserver2) cd /ggs
$(unixserver2) ggsci
SQL> @demo_ora_misc
Operations on the TCUSTMER and TCUSTORD tables will be extracted and replicated.
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SQL> @demo_more_ora_create.sql
In order to view the report file while Extract is running, issue the following command from GGSCI on Unix (EXTORA
is the name of the EXTRACT group).
GGSCI (unixserver1) > VIEW REPORT EXTORA
The Replicat report can be viewed on the target system in a similar manner.
GGSCI (unixserver2) > VIEW REPORT REPORA
Any errors in the parameter file are output to the report and out files. Once the message “Run-Time Warnings”
appears in the report, all parameters have been validated and data processing has begun.
Discard files also serve as a source for debugging replication problems. Frequently, looking in the discard file at
specific record values and error numbers is the fastest path to problem resolution.
The output of the INFO command will look something like this:
./dirdat/rt 1 1449
10 RMTTRAIL
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Integrated Extract outbound server first scn: 0.75087872 (75087872)
The statistics show the history of Extract runs for the EXTORA extract checkpoint group and the current file in the
remote extract trail. Also indicated is the current status of the process, in this case RUNNING.
Similarly, to obtain the status and history of a Replicat process, issue the following commands.
INTEGRATED Replicat
DBLOGIN Provided, inbound server name is OGG$REPORA in ATTACHED state
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Stopping and Restarting Extract and Replicat
Replicat outputs how many inserts, updates and deletes were applied to the target database in the standard out file
and the report file after the process is stopped normally.
Generating interim reports is also possible without stopping Extract and Replicat. See the Extract and Replicat
REPORT parameter for more details, and the GGSCI SEND…REPORT commands.
The extraction and replication processes automatically start where they left off, while ensuring no transactions are
missed or duplicated. This integrity is guaranteed by the checkpoints maintained by each process.
Reference the Oracle Database 12.1 Documentation for additional information on Multitenant.
Reference the Oracle GoldenGate 12c Reference Guide and the Oracle GoldenGate 12c Administration Guide for
additional information on:
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Extract Management Considerations
Replicat Management Considerations
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OGG 12c Tutorial for Oracle to Oracle (12c Multitenant Container Database)
January 2015
Author: Tracy West
Contributing Authors: