Audit Reports

MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. An auditor would issue an adverse opinion if
a. The audit was begun by other independent auditors who withdrew from the engagement.
b. A qualified opinion cannot be given because the auditor lacks independence.
c. The restriction on the scope of the audit was significant.
d. The statements taken as a whole do not fairly present the financial condition and results of
operations of the company.

2. An audit report contains the following paragraph" because the inadequacies in the company's
accounting records during the year ended June 30,2003, it was not practicable to extend our
auditing procedures to the extent necessary to enable us to obtain certain evidential matter as it
relates to classification of certain items in the consolidated
statements of operations.” This paragraph most likely describes
a. A material departure from GAAP requiring a qualified audit opinion.
b. An uncertainty that should not lead to a qualified opinion.
c. A matter that the auditor wishes to emphasis and that does not lead to a qualified audit
opinion.
d. A material scope restriction requiring a qualification of the audit opinion.

3. A limitation on the scope of the auditor’s examination sufficient to preclude an unqualified

opinion will always result when management
a. Asks the auditor to report on the balances sheet and not on the other basic financial
statements.
b. Refuses to permit its lawyer to respond to the letter of audit inquiry
c. Discloses material related party transactions in the footnotes to the financial statements.
d. Knows that confirmation of accounts receivables is not feasible.

4. The auditor issued a qualified opinion covering the financial statements of Client A for the year
ended December 31, 2002. The reason for the qualification was a departure
from GAAP. In presenting comparative statements for the years ended December 31,2002 and
2003, the client revised the 2002 financial statements to correct the previous
departure from GAAP. The auditor's 2003 report on the 12/31/02 and 12/31/03 comparative
financial statements will
a. Express a qualified opinion on the 2002 financial statements and an unqualified opinion on the
2003 statements.
b. Express unqualified opinions on both the 2002 and 2003 financial statements.
c. Retain the qualified opinion covering the 2002 statements, but add an explanatory paragraph
describing the correction of the prior departure from GAAP.
d. Render qualified audit opinions for both 2002 and 2003 financial statements given the 2003
carryover effect of the 2002 error.
5. When the financial statements are presented that are not in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles, an auditor may issue a(an)
“Except for” Disclaimer
Opinion of an opinion
a. Yes no
b. Yes yes
c. No no
d. No no

6. Under which the following circumstances would a disclaimer of opinion not be appropriated?
a. The audit is engaged after fiscal year-end and is unable to observe physical inventories or
apply alternative procedures to verify their balances.
b. The auditor is unable to determine the amounts associated with illegal acts committed by the
client’s management.
c. The financial statements fail to contain adequate disclosure concerning related party
transactions.
d. The client effuses to permit its attorney to furnish information requested in a letter of audit
inquiry.

7. An audit may reasonably issue an “except for” qualified opinion for

Inadequate scope
disclosure limitation
a. Yes yes
b. Yes no
c. No yes
d. No no

8. An auditor’s report would be designated as a special report when it is issued in connection

with financial statements that are
a. For an interim period and are subjected to a limited review.
b. Unaudited and are prepared from a client’s accounting records.
c. Prepared in accordance with a comprehensive basis of accounting other than generally
accepted accounting principles.
dd. Purported to be in accordance with GAAP but do not include a presentation of the
Statements of Cash Flows.

9. A limitation on the scope of an auditor’s examination sufficient to preclude an unqualified

opinion will usually result when management
a. Presents financial statements that are prepared in accordance with the cash receipts and
disbursements basis of accounting.
b. States that the financial statements are not intended to be presented in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles.
c. Does not make the minutes of the Board of Directors meetings available to the auditor.
d. asks the auditor to report on the balance sheet and not on the other basic financial
statements.

10. When there is a significant change in accounting principle, an auditor’s report should refer to
the lack of consistency in
a. The scope paragraph.
b. An explanatory paragraph between the second paragraph and the opinion paragraph.
c. The opinion paragraph.
d. An explanatory paragraph following the opinion paragraph.

11. Which of the following subsequent event will be least likely to result in an adjustment to the
financial statements?
a. Culmination of events affecting the realization of accounts receivable owned as of the balance
sheet date.
b. Culmination of events affecting the realization of inventories owned as of the balance sheet
date.
c. Material changes in the settlement of liabilities which were estimated as of the balance sheet
date.
d. Material changes in the quoted market prices of listed investment securities since the balance
sheet date.

12. Soon after Boyd’s audit report was issued, Boyd learned of certain related party transactions
during the year under audit. These transactions were not disclosed in the notes to the financial
statements. Boyd should
a. Plan to audit the transactions during the next engagement.
b. Recall all copies of the audited financial statements.
c. Determine whether the lack of disclosure would affect the auditor’s report.
d. Ask the client to disclose the transactions in subsequent interim statements.

13. Under which of the following circumstances would a disclaimer of opinion not be
appropriate?
a. The financial statements fall to contain adequate disclosure concerning related party
transaction.
b. The client refuses to permit its attorney to furnish information requested in a letter of audit
inquiry.
c. Th auditor is engaged after the fiscal year-end and is unable to observe physical inventories or
apply alternative procedures to verify their balances.
d. The auditor is unable to determine the amounts the amounts associated with illegal acts
committed by the client’s management.

14. An auditor concludes that there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a
going concern for a reasonable period of time. If the entity’s disclosures concerning this matter
are adequate, the audit report may include a(an)
Disclaimer “Except for”
Of opinion qualified opinion
a. Yes yes
b. No no
c. No yes
d. Yes no

15. Management of Blue Company has decided not to account for a material transaction in
accordance with the provisions of an FASB Standard. In setting forth its reasons in a note to the
financial statements, management has clearly demonstrated that due to unusual circumstances
the financial statements presented in accordance with the FASB Standard would be misleading.
The auditor’s report should include an explanatory separate paragraph and contain a(an)
a. adverse opinion
b. unqualified opinion
c. “except for” qualified opinion
d. “subject to” qualified opinion

16. In the “management discussion and analysis” contained in the 2002 annual report of
Dermicile Corporation, management stated that total sales were $4.95 billion and net profit was
$500 billion and $450 million respectively. The financial statement, contained in the annual
report, reflected the audited figures and the CPA planned to issue an unqualified opinion. Upon
noting the inconsistencies between the MD&A and the audited financial statements, however,
the CPA should
a. Refer to the inconsistency in the audit report and issue a qualified audit opinion.
b. Issue an unqualified opinion without an explanatory paragraph, because the MD&A is not
covered in the audit report.
c. Issue an unqualified audit opinion with an explanatory paragraph describing the inconsistency.
d. Render an adverse opinion on the basis that management had intentionally misrepresented
reported sales and net profit.

17. When the audited financial statements of the prior year are presented together with those of
the current year, the continuing auditor’s report should cover
a. Both years.
b. Only the current year.
c. Only the current year, but the prior year’s report should be presented.
d. Only the current year, but the prior year’s report should be referred to.

18. If the auditor believes that financial statements which are prepared on a comprehensive
basis of accounting other than generally accepted accounting principles are not suitably titled,
the auditor should
a. Modify the auditor’s report to disclose any reservations.
b. Consider the effects of the titles on the financial statements taken as a whole.
c. Issue a disclaimer of opinion.
d. Add a footnote to the financial statement which explains alternative terminology.

19. Morgan, CPA, is the principal auditor for a multi-national corporation. Another CPA has
examined and reported on the financial statements of a significant subsidiary of the corporation.
Morgan is satisfied with the independence and professional reputation of the other auditor, as
well ass the quality of the other auditor’s examination. With respect to Morgan’s report on the
consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, Morgan
a. Must not refer to the examination of the other auditor.
b. Must refer to the examination of the other auditor.
c. May refer to the examination of the other auditor.
d. May refer to the examination of the other auditor, in which the case Morgan must include in
the auditor’s report on the consolidated financial statements a qualified opinion with respect to
the examination of the other auditor.

20. a post-audit review, conducted by another audit partner, discovered that the audit team had
failed to examine or confirm securities held in safekeeping. The amounts involved were material
in relation to reported net assets. The qualified audit report, along with the audited financial
statements, had been released two months earlier. Based on this information, the audit team
should
a. Request the client for permission to examine or confirm the securities.
b. Notify persons known to be relying on the audit report that the report can no longer be relied
upon.
c. Draft a revised audit report containing an opinion qualified for a scope restriction.
d. Ignore the finding in as much as the financial statements and audit report have already been
released.

21. The auditor’s report should be dated as of the date on which the
a. Report is delivered to the client.
b. Field work is completed.
c. Fiscal period under audit.
d. Review of the working paper is complete.
22. After issuing the audit report, the auditor may become aware of information that would have
affected the audit report had it been known at the time. Given discovery of such information,
the auditor must take appropriate action. Which of the following actions would be considered
inappropriate under these circumstances?
a. Determine whether the information is reliable and whether the facts existed at the date of the
audit report.
b. Request the client to disclose, to financial statement users, the newly discovered facts and
their impact on the financial statements.
C. If the client refuses to inform third parties, the auditor should notify the board of directors
and regulatory agencies having jurisdiction over the client that the auditor’s report can no longer
be relied upon.
d. Draft a revised audit report expressing a qualified or adverse opinion, depending in the
materiality of the effect, and transmit the report to the stockholders.

23. Which of the following best describes the auditor’s responsibility for “other information”
included in the annual report to stockholders which contains financial statements and the
auditor’s report?
a. The auditor has no obligation to read the “other information”.
b. The auditor has no obligation to corroborate the “other information” but should read the
“other information” to determine whether it is materially inconsistent with the financial
statements.
c. The auditor should extend the examination to the extent necessary to verify the “other
information”.
d. The auditor must modify the auditor’s report to state that the “other information is
unaudited” or “not covered by the auditor’s report”.

24. When an auditor conducts an examination in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards and concludes that the financial statements are fairly presented in accordance with a
comprehensive basis of accounting other than generally accepted accounting principles such as
the cash basis of accounting, the auditor should issue a
a. Disclaimer of opinion.
b. Review report.
c. Qualified opinion.
d. Special report.

25. In which of the following circumstances would an auditor be most likely to express an
adverse opinion?
a. The statements are not in conformity with the FASB Statements regarding the capitalization of
leases.
b. Information comes o the auditor’s attention that raises substantial doubt about the entity’s
ability to continue its existence.
c. The chief executive office refuses the auditor to access minutes of board of directors’
meetings.
d. Control tests show that the entity’s internal control is so poor that the financial records cannot
be relied upon.

26. Under which of the following circumstances would an unqualified audit opinion, followed by
an explanatory paragraph, not be appropriate?
a. The auditor wishes to emphasize that the client has entered into material transactions with
related parties. The substance of the related party transactions is properly disclosed in the
audited financial statements.
b. The client has completed material transactions with related parties and the auditor is unable
to persuade management to properly reflect the economic substance of the transactions in the
financial statements.
c. The client has used a method of revenue recognition that is at variance with promulgated
accounting standards. The auditor, however, agrees with the departure on the basis that use of
the promulgated standard would make the financial statements materially misleading.
d. The auditor believes that substantial doubt exists concerning the ability of the client to
continue as a going concern.

27. Doe, an independent auditor, was engaged to perform an examination of the financial
statements of Ally Incorporated one month after its fiscal year had ended. Although the
inventory count was not observed by Doe, and accounts receivable were not confirmed by direct
communication with debtors, Doe was able to gain satisfaction by applying alternative auditing
procedures. Doe’s auditor’s report will probably contain
a. A standard unqualified opinion.
b. An unqualified opinion and an explanatory middle paragraph.
c. Either a qualified opinion or a disclaimer of opinion.
d. An “except for” qualification.

28. The adverse effects of events causing an auditor to believe there is substantial doubt about
an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern would most likely be mitigated by evidence
relating to the
a. Ability to expand operations into new product lines in the future.
b. Feasibility of plans to purchase leased equipment at less than market value.
c. Marketability of assets that management plans to sell.
d. Committed arrangements to convert preferred stocks to long-term debt.

29. Comparative financial statements include the financial statements of a prior period which
were examined by a predecessor auditor whose report is not presented. If the predecessor
auditor’s report was qualified, the successor auditor must
a. Obtain written approval from the predecessor auditor to include the prior year’s financial
statements.
b. Issue a standard comparative audit report indicating the division of responsibility.
c. Express an opinion on the current year statements alone and make no reference to the prior
year statements.
d. Disclose the reasons for any qualifications in the predecessor auditor’s opinion.

30. When reporting on financial statements prepared on a comprehensive basis of accounting

other than generally accepted accounting principles, the independent auditor should include in
the report a paragraph that
a. States that the financial statements are not intended to be in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles.
b. States that the financial statements are not intended to have been examined in accordance
with generally accepted auditing standards.
c. Refers to the authoritative pronouncements that explain the comprehensive basis of
accounting being used.
d. Justifies the comprehensive basis of accounting being used.

31. After an audit report containing an unqualified opinion on a non-public client’s financial
statements was issued, the client decided t sell the shares of a subsidiary that accounts for 30%
of its revenue and the 25% of its net income. The auditor should
a. Determine whether the information is reliable and, if determined to be reliable, request that
revised financial statements be issued.
b. Notify the entity that the auditor’s report may no longer be associated with the financial
statements.
c. Describe the effects of this subsequently discovered information in ac communication with
persons known to be relying on the financial statements.
d. Take no action because the auditor has no obligation to make any further inquiries.

32. an audit report contained the following wording: “In our opinion, except for the omission of
the segment information referred to in the preceding paragraph…” This excerpt was taken from
a(an)
a. Unqualified audit opinion with an explanatory paragraph added to emphasize matter.
b. Unqualified audit opinion with an explanatory paragraph added to describe a material
uncertainty.
c. Audit opinion qualified due to a departure from GAAP.
d. Adverse audit opinion.

33. An auditor includes a separate paragraph in an otherwise unqualified report to emphasize

that the entity being reported upon had significant transactions with related parties. The
inclusion of this separate paragraph
a. Violates generally accepted auditing standards if this information is already disclosed in
footnotes to the financial statements.
b. Necessitates a revision of the opinion paragraph to include the phrase “with the foregoing
explanation”.
c. Is appropriated and would not negate the unqualified opinion.
d. Is considered an “except for” qualification of the report.

34. An audit report contains the following paragraph: “Since the company did not take physical
inventories and we were not able to apply auditing procedures to satisfy ourselves as to
inventory quantities and the cost of property and equipment, the scope of our work was not
sufficient to enable us to express, and we do not express, an opinion on these financial
statements.” This paragraph illustrates a(an)
a. Disclaimer of opinion due to uncertainty.
b. Disclaimer of opinion due to scope restriction.
c. Adverse audit opinion.
d. Audit opinion qualified for material scope restrictions.

35. An auditor’s examination reveals a misstatement in segment information that is material in

relation to the financial statements taken as a whole. If the client refuses to make modifications
to the presentation of segment information, the auditor should issue a(an)
a. “Except for” opinion.
b. Adverse opinion.
c. Unqualified opinion.
d. Disclaimer of opinion.

36. An auditor’s report on financial statements that are prepared in accordance with a
comprehensive basis of accounting other than generally accepted accounting principles should
preferably include all of the following, except
a. Disclosure of the fact that the financial statements are not intended to be presented in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
b. An opinion as to whether the use of the disclosed method is appropriate.
c. An opinion as to whether the financial statements are presented fairly in conformity with the
basis of accounting described.
d. A description of a change in accounting principles.

37. When the financial statements are prepared on the going concern basis but the auditor
concludes there is substantial doubt whether the client can continue in existence and also
believes there are uncertainties about the recoverability of recorded asset amounts on the
financial statements, the auditor may issue a(an)
a. Adverse opinion.
b. “Except for” qualified opinion for scope limitation.
c. “Except for” qualified opinion for departure.
d. Unqualified opinion with an explanatory separate paragraph.

38. Client A reports property, plant, and equipment at appraisal values and records depreciation
based on the appraised amounts. Also, the company does not defer income taxes for temporary
differences arising from using the installment method of recognizing gross profit for tax
purposes. The company uses the accrual method for financial reporting purposes. Under these
circumstances, the auditor will probably issue a(an)
a. Audit opinion qualified for a departure from GAAP.
b. Adverse audit opinion.
c. Disclaimer of opinion.
d. Unqualified audit opinion with an explanatory paragraph describing the client’s unique
accounting practice.

39. A CPA engaged to examine financial statements observes that the accounting for a certain
material item is not in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, and that this
fact is prominently disclosed in a footnote to the financial statements. The CPA should
a. Express an unqualified opinion and insert a middle paragraph emphasizing the matter by
reference to the footnote.
b. Disclaim an opinion.
c. Not allow the accounting treatment for this item to affect the type of opinion because the
deviation from generally accepted accounting principles was disclosed.
d. Qualify the opinion because of the deviation from generally accepted accounting principles.

40. When a principal auditor decides to make reference to another auditor’s examination, the
principal auditor’s report should always indicate clearly, in the introductory, scope, and opinion
paragraphs, the
a. Magnitude of the portion of the financial statements examined by the other auditor.
b. Disclaimer of responsibility concerning the portion of the financial statements examined by
the other auditor.
c. Name of the other auditor.
d. Division of responsibility.

41. An auditor may issue a qualified opinion under which of the following circumstances?
Lack of sufficient Restrictions on the
Competent scope of the
Evidential matter audit
a. yes yes
b. yes no
c. no no
d. no no
42. In which of the following circumstances may the auditor issue the standard audit report?
a. The principal auditor assumes responsibility for work of another auditor.
b. The financial statements are affected by a departure from a generally accepted accounting
principle.
c. Substantial doubt exists concerning the ability of the entity to continue as a going concern.
d. The auditor wishes to emphasize a matter regarding the financial statements.

43. Does the auditor make the following representations explicitly or implicitly when issuing the
standard auditor’s report on comparative financial statements?
Consistent Examination of
Application of evidence on a
Accounting principles test basis
a. Explicitly Explicitly
b. Implicitly Implicitly
c. Impicitly Explicitly
d. Explicitly Implicitly

44. When there is a significant change in accounting principle, an auditor’s report should refer to
the lack of consistency in
a. The scope paragraph.
b. An explanatory paragraph between the second paragraph and the opinion paragraph.
c. The opinion paragraph.
d. An explanatory paragraph following the opinion paragraph.

45. In which of the following situations would an auditor ordinarily issue an unqualified audit
opinion without an explanatory paragraph?
a. The auditor wishes to emphasize that the entity had significant related party transactions.
b. The auditor decides to make reference to the report of another auditor as a basis, in part, for
the auditor’s opinion.
c. The entity issues financial statements that present financial position and results of operations
but omits the statement of cash flows.
d. The auditor has substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, but
the circumstances are fully disclosed in the financial statements.

46. How are management’s responsibility and the auditor’s responsibility represented in the
standard auditor’s report?
Management’s Auditor’s
Responsibility responsibility
a. Explicitly Explicitly
b. Implicitly Implicitly
c. Implicitly Explicitly
 d. Explicitly Implicitly

47. An auditor should the disclose substantive reasons for expressing an adverse opinion ina an
explanatory paragraph
a. Preceding the scope paragraph.
b. Preceding the opinion paragraph.
c. Following the opinion paragraph.
d. within the notes to the financial statements.

48. When the financial statements contain a departure from generally accepted accounting
principles, the effect of which is material, the auditor should
a. Qualify the opinion and explain the effect of the departure from generally accepted
accounting principles in a separate paragraph.
b. Qualify the opinion and describe the departure from generally accepted accounting principles
within the opinion paragraph.
c. Disclaim an opinion and explain the effect of the departure from generally accepted
accounting principles in a separate paragraph.
d. Disclaim an opinion and describe the departure from generally accepted accounting principles
within the opinion paragraph.

49. Tread Corp. accounts for the effect of a material accounting change prospectively when the
inclusion of the cumulative effect of the change is required in the current year. The auditor
would choose between expressing a(an)
a. Qualified opinion or a disclaimer of opinion.
b. Disclaimer of opinion or an unqualified opinion with an explanatory paragraph.
c. Unqualified opinion with an explanatory paragraph and adverse opinion.
d. Adverse opinion and a qualified opinion.

50. The Securities and Exchange Commission has authority to

a. Prescribe specific auditing procedures to detect fraud concerning inventories and accounts
receivable of companies engaged in interstate commerce.
b. Deny lack of privity as a defense in third-party actions for gross negligence against the auditors
of public companies.
c. Determine accounting principles for the purpose of financial reporting by companies offering
securities to the public.
d. Require a change of auditors of governmental entities after a given period of years as a means
of ensuring auditor independence.

51. An auditor has previously expressed a qualified opinion on the financial statements of a prior
period because of a departure from generally accepted accounting principles. The prior-period
financial statements are restated in the current period to conform with generally accepted
accounting principles. The auditor’s updated repost on the prior-period financial statements
should
a. Express an unqualified opinion concerning the restated financial statements.
b. Be accompanied by the original auditor’s report on the prior period.
c. Bear the same date as the original auditor’s reports on the prior period.
d. Qualify the opinion concerning the restated financial statements because of a change in
accounting principle.

52. An auditor’s report includes the following statement: “The financial statements do not
present fairly the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles.” This auditor’s report was most likely issued in
connection with financial statements that are
a. Inconsistent.
b. Prepared in accordance with another comprehensive basis of accounting.
c. Misleading.
d. Affected by a material uncertainty.

53. An auditor who qualifies an opinion because of an insufficiency of evidential matter should
describe the limitation in an explanatory paragraph. The auditor should also refer to the
limitation in the
Scope opinion Notes to the
Paragraph paragraph financial
Statements
a. Yes no yes
b. No yes no
c. Yes yes no
d. Yes yes yes

54. Restrictions imposed by a client prohibit the observation of physical inventories, which
account for 35% of all assets. Alternative audit procedures cannot be applied, although the
auditor was able to examine satisfactory evidence for all other items in the financial statements.
The auditor should issue a(an)
a. “Except for” qualified.
b. Disclaimer of opinion.
c. Unqualified opinion with a separate explanatory paragraph.
d. Unqualified opinion with an explanation in the scope paragraph.

55. An auditor may not issue a qualified opinion when

a. A scope limitation prevents the auditor from completing an important audit procedure.
b. The auditor’s report refers to the work of a specialist.
c. An accounting principle at variance with generally accepted accounting principles is used.
d. The auditor lacks independence with respect to the audited entity.

56. The nature of the examination is described in the scope paragraph of the audit report.

57. Generally accepted auditing standards are addressed in the scope paragraph of the audit
report, whereas generally accepted accounting principles are the evaluation standard used in the
opinion paragraph.

58. The two relevant dates in a dual-dated audit report are the date of completion of audit final
work and the date of the subsequent event.

59. An unqualified audit opinion may be rendered only when the financial statements contain no
material departures from GAAP, and when no material scope limitations have prevented the
auditor from collecting sufficient, competent evidence.

60. The statement “in our opinion the financial statements do not present fairly” is included in
a(an) adverse opinion.

61. The responsibilities of management and the auditors with respect to the financial statements
are described in the introductory paragraph of the audit report.

62. An audit report, in a separate paragraph following the opinion paragraph, describes the
impact of related party transactions that have been properly reflected and disclosed in the
financial statements. This form of report illustrates emphasis of a matter.

63. A CPA who audited the financial statements for the preceding year, and will also be auditing
the current, is said to be a continuing auditor.

64. If the scope restriction is material and the client-imposed, the auditor should render a(an)
disclaimer of opinion.

65. A fourth paragraph making references to omission of supplemental data required by FASB is
categorized as emphasis of a matter.

66. If financial statements have been prepared utilizing a comprehensive basis of accounting
other than GAAP, the auditor will evaluate fairness within the framework of the other basis.