Dutch Tutorial Sample
Dutch Tutorial Sample
Introduction
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Table of Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 2
Basic Dutch Phrases ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Pronunciation ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
Alphabet ................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Nouns and Gender ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Articles & Demonstratives ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Subject Pronouns ................................................................................................................................................... 12
To Be & to Have ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
Useful Words.......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Question Words ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
Numbers................................................................................................................................................................. 17
Days of the Week ................................................................................................................................................... 19
Months of the Year ................................................................................................................................................ 20
Seasons .................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Directions ............................................................................................................................................................... 21
Colors & Shapes ..................................................................................................................................................... 22
Time ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Weather ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Family & Pets.......................................................................................................................................................... 25
To Know People and Facts...................................................................................................................................... 27
Formation of Plural Nouns ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Possessive Adjectives ............................................................................................................................................. 30
To Do and to Make ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Work....................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Prepositions ........................................................................................................................................................... 34
Countries and Nationalities .................................................................................................................................... 35
Negative Sentences ................................................................................................................................................ 37
To Come and to Go................................................................................................................................................. 38
To and From Countries and Cities .......................................................................................................................... 38
Conjugating Regular verbs...................................................................................................................................... 39
Irregularities in Regular verbs ................................................................................................................................ 40
Modal Verbs ........................................................................................................................................................... 42
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Reflexive Verbs ....................................................................................................................................................... 43
Verbs followed by Prepositions .............................................................................................................................. 45
Separable Prefixes .................................................................................................................................................. 46
Inseparable Prefixes ............................................................................................................................................... 46
Present Perfect or Past Indefinite Tense ................................................................................................................ 47
Irregular Past Participles ........................................................................................................................................ 49
Food and Meals ...................................................................................................................................................... 51
Fruits, Vegetables and Meat .................................................................................................................................. 52
Commands ............................................................................................................................................................. 53
Word Order ............................................................................................................................................................ 54
Coordinating & Subordinating Conjunctions .......................................................................................................... 55
Blijven and Laten .................................................................................................................................................... 56
Staan, liggen and zitten .......................................................................................................................................... 56
Places ..................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Transportation ....................................................................................................................................................... 58
Simple Past Tense................................................................................................................................................... 59
Irregular Stems in Simple Past Tense ..................................................................................................................... 60
House and Furniture .............................................................................................................................................. 61
Clothing & Accessories ........................................................................................................................................... 63
Future Tense .......................................................................................................................................................... 64
Verb Meanings ....................................................................................................................................................... 65
Inflections of Adjectives ......................................................................................................................................... 66
Adjectives ............................................................................................................................................................... 67
Comparative and Superlative ................................................................................................................................. 69
Sports ..................................................................................................................................................................... 71
Nature .................................................................................................................................................................... 72
Object Pronouns..................................................................................................................................................... 74
Parts of the Body .................................................................................................................................................... 75
Relative Pronouns .................................................................................................................................................. 77
Uses of Er ............................................................................................................................................................... 78
Animals................................................................................................................................................................... 79
Infinitive Constructions .......................................................................................................................................... 82
Past Perfect Tense .................................................................................................................................................. 83
Conditional ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
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Diminutives ............................................................................................................................................................ 84
Present Participle ................................................................................................................................................... 85
Passive Voice .......................................................................................................................................................... 86
Holiday Phrases ...................................................................................................................................................... 87
National Anthems .................................................................................................................................................. 88
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Basic Dutch Phrases
See you later (in the same day) Tot straks toht straks
How are you? (formal) Hoe gaat het met u? hoo khaht ut meht ew
What's your name? (informal) Hoe heet je? hoo hayt yuh
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My name is (I'm called)... Ik heet... ik hayt...
Where are you from? (formal) Waar komt u vandaan? vahr kawmt ew fun-dahn
Where are you from? Waar kom je vandaan? vahr kawn yuh fun-dahn
(informal)
Where do you live? (informal) Waar woon je? vahr vohn yuh
How old are you? (formal) Hoe oud bent u? hoo owt bent ew
How old are you? (informal) Hoe oud ben je? hoo owt ben yuh
I am ____ years old. Ik ben ... jaar (oud). ik ben ... yahr owt
I don't speak ... very well. Ik spreek niet zo goed... ik sprayk neet zoh khood
What is this / that? Wat is dit / dat? vut iss dit / dut
Meneer, mevrouw and mejuffrouw are all written with a small letter when they precede a name.
When typing, de Heer is used instead of meneer and Dhr. is used on envelopes. Mevrouw and
mejuffrouw are abbreviated as Mevr. and Mej. In addition, Mw. can be used as an equivalent of the
English Ms.
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Pronunciation
The consonants s, f, h, b, d, z, l, m, n, and ng are pronounced the same way in Dutch as in English. P,
t, and k are pronounced without the puff of air (called aspiration.) Sometimes the g is pronounced
like zh in words borrowed from French. One last vowel sound is found in various Dutch spellings. It is
pronounced like uh, as in along or sofa. For example, this sound is found in de (the), een (a), aardig
(nice), and vriendelijk (kind).
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Alphabet
a ah j yay s ess
c say l ell u ew
e ay n enn w vay
f eff o oh x eeks
i ee r air
All nouns have a gender in Dutch, either common (de words) or neuter (het words). It is hard to
guess which gender a noun is, so it is best to memorize the genders when memorizing vocabulary.
However, two-thirds of Dutch words are common gender (because the common gender has
combined the former feminine and masculine genders.) It may be easier to memorize which nouns
are neuter, and then assign common gender to the rest.
All diminutives (words ending in -je) and infinitives used as nouns, as well as colors, metals, compass
directions, and all words that end in -um, -aat, -sel, -isme are neuter.
Most nouns beginning with ge- and ending with -te are neuter, as are most nouns beginning with ge-,
be-, and ver-.
Common noun endings include: -aar, -ent, -er, -es, -eur, -heid, -ij, -ing, -teit, -tie.
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