TUGAS TUTORIAL KE-1 (online)

KODE PBIS4102/CROSS CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING/SKS2

Nama Penulis : Dr. MirjamAnugerahwati, M.A.

No Tugas Tutorial
1 You have to find examples (1 example each) of misinterpretation, ethnocentrism,
stereotypes, and prejudices from your surroundings; from your daily life, or from TV
shows, newspapers, or other sources and upload them with a brief explanation for
each example.
The assignment should be in the form of essay, 250-350 words, Times New Roman
12 pts. Pictures can be added for additional points. The assignment is to be uploaded
together with the analysis of the case study above. Remember, this is an individual
assignment, and your score depends on the quality of the assignment that you upload.

1. Example of misinterpretation
REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, BANDUNG - Distribution of social assistance (Bansos) in the
Ministry of Religion (Kemenag) often experiences problems. Head of the Ministry of
Finance's Ministry of Religion Sihabuddin was actually caused by "Misinterpretation" in
the use of social assistance funds.
The following examples of misinterpretations are meant:
Bansos in Istiqlal Mosque for example. As a State mosque, he is given funds every
year from the Ministry of Religion in the form of social assistance funds. In fact, the
provision of these funds has no social risk. This is what makes it a mistake.
So the solution, the funds can still be disbursed, because the management of the State
mosque is part of the responsibility of the State through the Ministry of Religion. Funding
is important, for example maintenance, electricity, telephone and other mosque needs.
However, its status is not a social assistance fund, but rather is the responsibility of
the program owner, in this case, for example the program is owned by the Bimas Islam
through the Head of Sub-Directorate of Kemasjidan. "So that the SPJ was also by the
Islamic Community Guidance, not social assistance," he said. Thus, the task of the
Ministry of Religion is now how to ensure that the important funding is not wrong but
given space in a way that there is a special account so that the funding disbursement
requirements are met.
2. Example of ethnocentrism
Do you know what ethnocentrism is? Ethnocentrism is an evaluation of other cultures
based on their own values and cultural standards. Ethnocentric people value other groups
relative to their own group or culture. Especially when it comes to language, behavior,
habits, and religion.
You need to know that this attitude can spread like a virus through social media that
contains statements and videos of ethnocentrism solicitation. This can make us indirectly
become perpetrators of ethnocentrism especially in the era of globalization all access to
information can easily and quickly spread causing ethnocentrism to flourish.
A narrow understanding of national life, morals in the community becomes
unimportant when things about differences in religion, ethnicity, race, and class are more
important than national life and morals themselves.This ethnocentrism attitude has an
impact, both positive and negative. The positive impact is: can enhance the spirit of
patriotism, can maintain the integrity and stability of culture, and can enhance the love of
one's own nation. While the negative impacts are: can cause conflict between ethnic
groups, there are political streams, and can inhibit the process of assimilation of different
cultures.
Examples of ethnocentrism cases that occur today are: there is an area, where there
are various kinds of tribes who inhabit the area there are X tribes, Y tribes, and Z tribes.
Each tribe has a different culture. Then one day, the X tribe said that their culture was
better than the culture owned by the Y tribe and the Z tribe. After hearing this, finally
there was a conflict between the three tribes.
The case above is an example of a case that is very inappropriate to emulate, because
in addition to causing conflict, the case can create divisions. And hopefully we all don't
behave like that.

3. Example of stereotypes
Stewardess is often considered a glamorous job, but perpetrators of the profession are
plagued by gender stereotypes.
Stewardess is considered a glamorous profession, but what does it feel like to work
thousands of feet above the ground?
In an emergency medical situation on a long-haul flight, a former flight attendant named
Jade, worried about the help he was giving about a passenger.

"It really depends on how and position of the passenger when he fell."

"I always wondered if I could press their chests if I was wearing a tight skirt," Jade said.

Jade asked me not to mention her family name because there are still family members
who work for Virgin Atlantic airlines.

Stewards are obliged to dress in Muslim women: will there be sharia police at the Aceh
airport?
Flight attendants save human trafficking victims
The story of a flight attendant who survived after falling from a height of 10,000 meters
Jade underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training on land, not in the air. It is
a method of chest compression and administering artificial breathing for people whose
heartbeat or breathing has stopped.

In the real situation, Jade must be in uniform, including obeying the rules of red lipstick,
nail polish, and tight skirt.

"Clothes like that bother me because I find it increasingly difficult to provide emergency
medical assistance."

"The clothes are another thing that I need to worry about in the midst of a stressful flight
situation," he said.
Through an electronic message to BBC Capital, a spokesman for Virgin Atlantic said
their iconic flight attendant uniforms were made after going through a test of comfort and
safety. The official of the British airline said, flight attendants could wear trousers if they
were uncomfortable with tight skirts.

Resistance to stereotypes
Behind the glittering, glamorous image, cabin crew often experience health problems,
from varicose veins to minimal hours of sleep. According to some flight attendants, the
situation is exacerbated by the rules of uniform and appearance. Former British Airways
flight attendant, Mel Collins, considers it reasonable pain in the big toe and acute
headaches he felt during the flight.
In long-haul flights that spend about 10 hours, according to his own calculations,
Collins at least stepped as far as 11 kilometers on shoes with high enough heels. As a
result, Collins's legs were swollen and chafed. Collins continued to face the situation
before being promoted to senior cabin crew who led 11 flight attendants and flight
attendants.With that position he claimed to be more assertive and begged superiors to
allow him to wear other footwear.

"They agreed to let me wear shoes without rights, footwear that present a different
physical comfort for me," he said.

Against Collins's confession, British Airways gave no response.

Stewardesses are required to dress up and make sure their hair always looks neat
during the flight, including the long duration routes.
This problem occurs in almost all airlines. Several women who spoke to BBC Capital,
who had worked for more than one airline, raised similar sexism issues.The female cabin
crew judged the sexism they faced every day was related to the rules of dress and the
image they had to display. The act of demeaning is carried out by passengers, including
improper nonsense to physical sexual harassment.

"A male passenger called me looking charming, but the action did not continue because
he did not expect me to be very quick to get a second drink," said Jade.
 "How can passengers respect us as people who are likely to save their lives, if we look
like sexually satisfying dolls?"

A spokeswoman for Virgin Atlantic said his airline would not allow acts that demeaned
their cabin crew.

4. Example of Prejudice
Prejudice is translated as prejudice in Indonesian. Quite adequate, although for me it
feels like something is a little lacking. There is a maxim that says Don't judge the book by
its cover. Don't judge a book by its cover. This is a good word of wisdom, but has lost its
spirit because it has been so often spoken and told in various forums. And even sadder
this word philosopher comes from the mouths of people who are very prejudiced.
Prejudice (bad) is certainly different from the opinion (judgment) after we can get to
know the person concerned in depth and objectively. This unbiased assessment can
indeed be justified and even needed in our interactions in society and socializing. How
serious is the prejudice that permeates Indonesian society. This is a large-scale and
'dangerous' question. I do not want to exaggerate the problem and also do not want to be a
man who is knowledgeable and smart. In all countries and even in the United States that
is said to be a champion of human rights, prejudice is still rife here and there. Racism,
sexism both explicitly and implicitly still occur. Indeed, at the formal level in our country
it is good enough to have a discourse about the equality of all citizens regardless of
ethnicity and religion and also gender equality. But in the undercurrent I'm afraid it's not
the case. Precisely the prejudice attitude thickens and hardens. We can even witness that
'dislike' is often expressed openly without the need to feel free anymore.