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Geometrical Shapes
Geometrical Shapes
In our daily lives, we do not notice that we are dealing with geometric
shapes. How do you describe the shape of your notebook? Is it similar to the
shape of this module? What is the shape of the house? How many sides does
it has? These are only some of the questions that this module will answer?
♦ define what rays, angles, plane figures and space figures are; and
♦ identify the different kinds of angles, plane figures and space figures
are.
Before you start studying this module, take this simple test first to find out
how much you already know about the topics to be discussed.
______ 2. Two line segments are congruent if they have the same
measurement.
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B. Encircle the letter of the correct answer to each of the following.
a. cone c. cylinder
b. circle d. sphere
a. triangle c. rectangle
b. square d. trapezoid
a. rectangle c. trapezoid
b. square d. rhombus
5. Two line segments are _____ if their measurements are the same.
a. equivalent c. similar
b. congruent d. adjacent
Well, how was it? Do you thin you fared well? Compare your answers
with those in the Answer Key on page 27 to find out.
If all your answers are correct, very good! This shows that you already
know much about the topics in this module. You may still study the module to
review what you already know. Who knows, you might a learn a few more new
things as well.
If you got a low score, don’t feel bad. This means that this module is for
you. It will help you understand some important concepts that you can apply
in your daily life. If you study this module carefully, you will learn the answers
to all the items in the test and a lot more! Are you ready?
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LESSON 1
Look at the drawing below. Then look for the following kinds of lines in it.
List down the things in the drawing that show the different kinds of lines
mentioned below.
A.
B.
C.
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D.
E.
1. straight lines
a. parallel lines
b. intersecting lines
c. perpendicular lines
2. curved lines
1. The lines in letters A to D are all straight lines. The lines in B are
parallel, those in C are intersecting and those in C are perpendicular.
How well did you do? Were your answers similar to mine? If they were,
that’s very good. You already know how to identify the different kinds of
lines. If they were not, just pay attention to this lesson and you will know a
whole lot about lines.
Let’s Learn
Are you now familiar with the lines and their kinds? Were you able to
identify the lines in the drawing as to their kinds?
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A line has no definite beginning and end. It can only be measured when
two points called endpoints are given on either side of it. These points
represent the beginning and end of the given line, which is then more properly
called a line segment.
From the previous activity, you can see that there are basically two kinds
of lines—straight and curved lines.
Straight lines are further subdivided into the following kinds of lines.
1. Parallel lines are lines in the same plane which run beside each other
without meeting at any point no matter how far they are extended.
2. Intersecting lines, on the other hand, are lines in the same plane that
intersect with each other at least at one point.
3. Perpendicular lines are lines in the same plane that intersect each
other at one point and form 90º-angles.
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Let’s Review
______ 1.
______ 2.
______ 3.
______ 4.
______ 5.
Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 27. Did you
get all the answers right?
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Let’s Think About This
Do you know what the word congruence means? It refers to the state of
agreeing or coinciding. What does this mean? Read on to find out.
Look at the line segments in the drawing below. Try measuring them with a
ruler. Are they equal in length?
A B
C D
Yes, they are! We can therefore say that Line Segment AB or AB (read as
“Line Segment AB) is congruent to CD.
Look at a clock. Do you know where its hands are? What do they remind
you of?
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9 3
The hands of a clock are examples of rays, lines that have a beginning but
no definite end. They can go on and on in one direction. They form angles
when they meet at a certain point as in the hands on the face of a clock.
Do you know what kind of angle the hands of the clock above show?
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If you answered that they form an obtuse angle, then you are right. If you
were not able to answer correctly, read on to find out more about angles and
their different kinds.
Let’s Learn
What is an angle anyway? An angle is the figure formed when two rays or
lines intersect at one point. Its kinds include:
3. Obtuse angle—This is an angle that measures more than 90º but less
than 180º.
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Let’s Try This
Look at the drawing below. Identify what kinds of angles those mentioned
are.
______ 1. <CAB
______ 2. <GHI
______ 3. <NPQ
______ 4. <BFC
______ 5. <RTU
Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 27. Did you
get all the answers right?
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Let’s See What You Have Learned
Column A Column B
Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 28. Did you
get all the answers right? If you did, that’s very good! You may then proceed
to the next lesson. If you did not, that’s okay. Just review the parts of the
lesson you didn’t understand very well before going to Lesson 2.
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Let’s Remember
♦ The two basic types of lines are straight lines and curved lines.
♦ The four basic kinds of angles are: acute, right, obtuse and straight.
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LESSON 2
Plane Figures
After studying this lesson, you should be able to:
Look at the drawing below. Are you familiar with the different kinds of
plane figures? What plane figures do you see in the drawing below? List their
names down in the spaces provided.
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________
6. ________________________________
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7. ________________________________
8. ________________________________
9. ________________________________
10. ________________________________
Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 28. Did you
get all the answers right?
Let’s Learn
There are many kinds of plane figures but we will only focus on the
following in our discussion.
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4. Rectangle—A parallelogram all of whose angles are right angles.
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c. Hexagon—A polygon having six sides.
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Let’s Try This
Make your own drawing similar to the one on page 12 using all the shapes
you just learned about. Use the space provided below for your drawing.
Have your Instructional Manager check your drawing. Ask him/her for
some feedback before going to the next part of the lesson.
Find the names of the following plane figures in the word hunt puzzle on
the right.
1. Trapezoid T R A P E Z O I D A B C
2. Parallelogram R D E A F G H I J K L P
I M N R E C T A N G L E
3. Rhombus A O P A Q R S T U V W N
4. Rectangle N O B L O N G X Y Z A T
G B C L D E F G H I J A
5. Square
L C K E L M S N O P Q G
6. Triangle E I R L S T Q U V W X O
7. Pentagon Y R H O M B U S Z A B N
C C D G E F A G H I J K
8. Hexagon
L L M R N O R P Q R S T
9. Circle U E V A W H E X A G O N
10. Oblong X Y Z M A B C D E F G H
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Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 29. Did you
get all the answers right? If you did, that’s very good! You may then go to the
next lesson. If you didn’t, just review the parts of the lesson you didn’t
understand very well before going to Lesson 3.
Let’s Remember
1. trapezoid;
2. parallelogram;
3. rhombus;
4. rectangle;
5. square;
6. triangle;
7. pentagon;
8. hexagon;
9. octagon;
11. oblong.
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LESSON 3
Space Figures
After studying this lesson, you should be able to:
First, let us identify what the items in the picture above are. In the picture
can be seen a pitcher, a box, an ice cream cone and a basketball. The pitcher
is an example of a cylinder. The box is an example of a cube. The ice cream
cone is an example of a cone. Finally, the basketball is an example of a sphere.
Did you get all the answers right? Why don’t you read on to find out more
about space figures?
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Let’s Learn
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4. Cone—This is a space figure having a circular base and a single
vertex. An example of this is an ice cream cone.
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7. Prism—This is a space figure with two congruent parallel bases that
are polygons. The most common kind of this figure is the triangular
prism. An example of this is the box that Toblerone is kept in.
Think of other common things that are shaped like the space figures you
just learned about. List five of them down in the spaces provided below
indicating their corresponding shapes.
1. ______________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
4. ______________________________
5. ______________________________
Have your Instructional Manager check your answers. Ask him/her to give
you some feedback before going to the next part of the lesson.
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Let’s See What You Have Learned
Column A Column B
Sphere
Tetrahedron
Cylinder
Triangular prism
Pyramid
Cube
Cone
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Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on pages 29–30.
Did you get all the answers right? If you did, that’s very good! You may then
proceed to the next part of the module. If you didn’t, don’t worry. Just review
the parts of the lesson you made mistakes in before going to the next part of
the module.
Let’s Remember
1. cube;
2. cylinder;
3. sphere;
4. cone;
5. pyramid;
6. tetrahedron; and
7. prism.
Well, this is the end of the module! Congratulations for finishing it. Did
you like it? Did you learn anything useful from it? A summary of its main
points is given below to help you remember them better.
Let’s Sum Up
♦ The two basic types of lines are straight lines and curved lines.
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♦ The four basic kinds of angles are: acute, right, obtuse and straight.
1. trapezoid;
2. parallelogram;
3. rhombus;
4. rectangle;
5. square;
6. triangle;
7. pentagon;
8. hexagon;
9. octagon;
11. oblong.
1. cube;
2. cylinder;
3. sphere;
4. cone;
5. pyramid;
6. tetrahedron; and
7. prism.
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What Have You Learned?
1 2 3
7 8
10
12
13
14
15
Across Down
1. Lines that do not and will not 2. An angle which measures less
than ever intersect 90º
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12. A rectangle with all four
sides equal
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Answer Key
B. 1. c
2. a
3. b
4. c
5. b
B. Lesson 1
Let’s Review (page 6)
1. Pe
2. Pa
3. I
4. Pe
5. Pa
1. obtuse
2. acute
3. right
4. straight
5. right
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Let’s See What You Have Learned (page 10)
1. j
2. d
3. a
4. g
5. e
6. b
7. h
8. f
9. c
10. i
C. Lesson 2
Let’s Think About This (pages 12–13)
1. trapezoid
2. pentagon
3. square
4. triangle
5. rectangle
6. circle
7. oblong
8. hexagon
9. rhombus
10. octagon
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Let’s See What You Have Learned (page 16)
T R A P E Z O I D A B C
R D E A F G H I J K L P
I M N R E C T A N G L E
A O P A Q R S T U V W N
N O B L O N G X Y Z A T
G B C L D E F G H I J A
L C K E L M S N O P Q G
E I R L S T Q U V W X O
Y R H O M B U S Z A B N
C C D G E F A G H I J K
L L M R N O R P Q R S T
U E V A W H E X A G O N
X Y Z M A B C D E F G H
D. Lesson 3
Let’s See What You Have Learned (page 22)
Cube
Cylinder
Sphere
Cone
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Pyramid
Tetrahedron
Triangular prism
1
P 2A R A L L E L 3
S
C
6
U P
7
T R A P E Z O 8I D
E R N
A T
9
L C U B E
10
L R P R
E S
12
L E SQ
13
CO N E C
G T
14
R C Y L I N D E
A N
15
M R I G H T
30
References
Motyka, Mark. (2001). Space Figures and Basic Solids. Math League
Multimedia. http://www.mathleague.com/help/geometry/3space.htm.
August 28, 2001, date accessed.
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