Psychosocial Thesis
Psychosocial Thesis
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Retirement plays a major role in the lives of the elderly. The effects of retirement
differ from one person to another, depending on the person’s environment, mental health,
physical health, their perspective, and reason for retiring. The aim of the researchers is to
know the psychosocial impact of retirement among selected retired professors in Laguna
State Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus and to know if the retired professors are
According to Erik Erikson (2017), an individual undergoes a crisis that will affect
their life in a positive or negative way. People who undergo a crisis in the stage of middle
and do positive things that will make their mark in the society, they will be in the stage of
generativity, where they have fulfilled the things they want to do in contributing to the
society.
The researchers connected the theory of Erik Erikson to the retired professors of
Laguna State Polytechnic University in Los Baños. If these retired professors fail to
contribute, or failed to make their mark on the society, they would feel stagnant and
disengaged to the society that falls on the stage of stagnation. During this time, adult
professors make great effort to achieve, invest more time in meaningful relationships,
generate or foster things that would make their mark in the society.
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Most of the retired professors remain productive and experience sense of fulfillment
from the things that they want to accomplish in life when they exert effort on things that
will benefit the future generations. This study helped reveal the possible reasons behind
the success of the retirees in generativity, reveal their current self-image now that they are
retired, reveal the changes that occurred in their current social life and lifestyle, know the
factors that will make them fall under generativity rather than the stagnation side and why
they fall in generativity. Likewise it is also revealed the psychosocial impact on each
participant’s personality now that they are retired. This study could help professors know
the characteristics of people in generativity and stagnation and have a deeper understanding
Theoretical Framework
psychologically. A theory used to aid the researchers in answering the questions in this
study is Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory. Effects of retirement are mostly psychosocial
and in this theory, adults ages 40 to 65 may fall either under generativity or stagnation.
important work, and family matters. This is the stage when individuals assume bigger
responsibilities and play the role of always being “in charge.” This is the time that some
people feel the urge to be productive and make contributions to the environment. At this
time, they fear being inactive and meaningless. Erikson’s concept of generativity manifests
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when a middle-aged person feels the need to offer something for the greater good by being
active and cooperative at home or in the community. Adults believe that their important
purpose is to preserve and continue the values in their culture by giving unconditional love
and care for their children, which also extends outside their homes as they become
participative in creating a stable environment for future generations. It must be noted that
one must not necessarily have offspring in order to achieve generativity. Success in this
phase usually depends upon one’s effort to give something for the betterment of many
(Kendra, 2018).
Important relationships are the ones within family, workplace, church, and other
communities. Major milestones may happen at this period children leave home, career path
turns drastically, and relationships or goals change. This is the stage when people
experience the mid-life crisis; they struggle with searching for new meanings and purposes
in their lives. When the person fails to win in the struggle, he will feel unproductive and
uninvolved which leads to the person becoming self-absorbed and stagnating. When a
person stagnates, the person engages in and promotes self-interest and self-indulgence, and
lacks interest in both the environment and the people living in it, especially the young ones
(McLeod, 2018).
The wear and tear theory of aging one of several theories asserts that the effects of
aging are caused by progressive damage to cells and body systems over time. Essentially,
our bodies "wear out" due to use. Once they wear out, they can no longer function correctly.
The wear and tear theory are deeply ingrained in our thinking, and it is the theory you will
often hear expressed in conversation and our culture. It was first proposed scientifically by
German Biologist, Dr. August Weismann in 1882. We simply expect that the body, as a
4
mechanical system, is going to break down with use over the years. The wear and tear
limitation theory. In considering the different theories of aging, the wear and tear theory
may at first appear to be the most reasonable. It fits with our experience and carries familiar
patterns. Yet there are other theories which, instead of viewing aging as a random wear and
tear process, view aging as a more intentional process, a planned event. That aging may be
more than just an accumulation of damage as occurs without cars is a relatively new field
With the progressive damage of cells and body systems over time due to aging,
people get weaker. When professors experience this progressive damage of wear and tear
theory, it can affect the way they teach the students. With their body wearing out through
time, they became very vulnerable to different illness. There are some professors who
began to forget easily, experience blurry vision just to name a few. And this may lead to
aged and older individuals, particularly with regard to retirement. The theoretical
assumption of Continuity theory is that individuals are regularly guided by existing internal
mental frameworks, which make them more likely to maintain similar patterns of behaviors
or lifestyles across time, changing only slowly. Robert Atchley began the initial framework
for the theory in 1968. He studied transitions into retirement and witnessed that older
individuals were not in crisis as other existing theories posited (e.g., Disengagement theory
or Role theory). Rather, most individuals in the study were effectively adapting to
retirement. Atchley built upon the Continuity theory framework between 1975 and 1999
during the Ohio Longitudinal Study of Aging and Adaptation (Cooper & Beehr, 2015).
5
What Describes continuity theory is a great example of being a part society and being
people experience as they age and become elderly. The theory states that, over time, elderly
people withdraw, or disengage from, the social roles and relationships that were central to
their life in adulthood. As a functionalist theory, this framework casts the process of
remain stable and ordered (Crossman, 2017). The outline of disengagement theory sets the
The aim of the researchers were to know the psychosocial impact of retirement
among selected retired professors in Laguna State Polytechnic University Los Baños
Campus. The researchers used the individual perspectives of the participants to determine
2. What changes occurred on their social life and lifestyle after their retirement?
3. What are the factors that influenced the selected retired professors to fall either
This may help University Professors know the psychosocial impact of retirement
and to prepare themselves for the gains and losses they might have after retirement and this
The study may help Retired Professors know the positive and negative effects of
retirement on their mental health and social well-being and know how the retired professors
of Laguna State Polytechnic University Los Baños cope up after retirement and if it will
7
lead to generativity or stagnation. This may also help them know more about some
The study may help the Students know more about retirement and the psychosocial
impact of retirement among retired professors in the middle adulthood stage and it can
encourage them to conduct new research studies that uses the qualitative method.
Finally, Future Researchers – may use this study as a reference to guide the future
researchers.
This study covered only the impact of retirement among the selected retired
owned school.
It can be assumed that they would answer honestly according from their
experiences and how they view life after retirement. Their attitudes are stable and their
answers would help modify the perception of other professors in the middle adulthood
stage towards retirement. It can be assumed that it would benefit professors in the middle
adulthood stage. The researchers would be able to comprehend the data gathered and the
Definition of Terms
people. An example is the nature of a study that examines the relationship between a
Retirement. It refers to the action or fact of leaving one's job and ceasing to work.
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory. It refers to the theory that is made up of eight stages
from infancy to adulthood. The person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have
a positive or negative outcome for the development of their personality during each stage.
This is the main theory that will determine where the retired professor will be categorized
activities and organizations. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of care. This is one
of the categories in Erikson’s theory that produces a positive outlook in life and the
Stagnation. It refers to the failure to find a way to contribute. These individuals may feel
disconnected or uninvolved with their community and with society as a whole. This is one
Wear and Tear Theory of Aging. It pertains to the theory were the cells and tissues have
vital parts that wear out resulting in aging, it refers to their bodies that are wearing out
through age.
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Self-image. It pertains to how a person perceives their self., it refers to their current self-
Social Life. It pertains to the piece of a person's time spent doing pleasurable things with
Lifestyle. It is defined as person’s way of living., it refers to the daily activities done by
It refers to their daily activities that produces a positive effect in their personality.
Virtue of care. It pertains to behaviour showing high moral standard of care for people
around. It refers to the virtue that is achieved when the person handled the generativity vs
individual's typical character. It refers to the retired professor’s character that will
CHAPTER II
This chapter presents numerous related literature and related studies obtained and
collected from different sources that will also support and validate the researcher’s study.
Retirement
According to Nimrod (2007), the transition from middle age to old age represents
retirement. Special attention should be given to the transition process because a successful
adaptation to retirement should be considered as the first step towards successful aging.
The first often major transition faced by the elderly is retirement. Depending on
their attitude toward and reason for retiring, the effects of this transition on physical and
mental health differ from person to person. Most retired individuals have difficulty
adapting to certain aspects of retirement, such as reduced income and altered social role
and entitlements. Because of health problems or job loss some people are forced to retire.
Appropriate preparation for retirement and counseling for retirees and families who
experience difficulties may help. Retirement could help people to give more time for the
things that they haven’t given much time before when they were still working. Retired
individuals tend to enjoy life by travelling, bonding with love ones and doing the things
that they wanted to do before their health starts to fail them (Berkman et al., 2016).
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Retirement could enable individuals to spend more time and energy in other valued
roles to provide continuity to their life and support as individuals. Spending time in
mutually enjoyable activities should prevent the boredom and emptiness that often lead to
conflicts in their retirement (Hicks, 2014). At the age of 65, most government employees
opt to retire in the Philippines. This creates a stand-off in terms of position movement and
the accommodation of new entrants. This scenario affects government’s productivity since
studies show that people reaching the age of 50 years old tend to suffer from a decline of
Aging
Age is not just the physiological changes the body goes throughout life. It is also a
product of the social norms and expectations that apply to each stage of life. The wealth of
life experiences that shape whom we become represents age. With medical advancements
that prolong human life, old age has taken on a new meaning in societies with the means
to provide high-quality medical care. However, many aspects of the aging experience also
depend on social class, race, gender, and other social factors (Little & McGivern, 2012).
Some people find the transition of retirement more difficult while some adjust very
well to retirement. In general, those who retire to meaningful activities are more satisfied
than those who retire from a job and have no outside interests. According to experts, those
who feel aged 60 and above carry the so-called "wear and tear" or the normal slowdown of
One of the theories about aging is the wear and tear theory of aging which declares
that the effects of aging are caused by progressive damage to cells and body systems over
12
time where our bodies "wear out" due to use. Once they wear out, they can no longer
function correctly. The wear and tear theory of aging was first proposed scientifically by a
German biologist named Dr. August Weismann in 1882. Where we simply expect that the
body, as a mechanical system, is going to break down with use over the years. The wear
and tear theory of aging may also be referred to as simple deterioration theory or
of social experience across the whole lifespan are described in Erikson’s theory. How
social interaction and relationships played a role in the development and growth of human
beings are the things that caught Erikson’s interest. Erikson believed people experience a
conflict that serves as a turning point in development. Each stage in Erikson's theory builds
on the preceding stages and paves the way for following periods of development. In
build our lives, focusing on our career and family. Those who are successful during this
phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and
community. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the
world. Care is the virtue achieved when this stage is handled successfully. Being proud of
your accomplishments, watching your children grow into adults, and developing a sense of
unity with your life partner are important accomplishments of this stage (Kendra, 2018).
depends on the degree of importance that they attribute to their role and on whether they
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are able to replace that role. If a worker’s role has been central to his/her identity, its loss
may produce negative psychological outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and stress
When the reasons for retirement go beyond finances; which include qualitative
factors such as relationships, meaningful purpose, leisure patterns and continued growth
connect with loved ones, and to make some last contributions to the world. These moments
are among life’s most important, for both the dying and those who are going to be left
Those who are likely to have an easier transition to retirement are those who have
a positive outlook in life, good family relationships, a strong and diversified identity, and
involvement in meaningful activities apart from their job (Osborne, 2012). Financial
pressures and good health are the primary reasons potential retirees remain in the workforce
Continuity theory. Individuals who wish to retain stability in the same roles they had
engaged in during their life course, even though their progressing in age may inflict some
obstacles in the availability of those roles were asserted in the Continuity Theory. In order
for the elderly to preserve continuity they need to remain involved and active in their life
workplace. Indeed, recent reviews suggest that the most frequently cited disadvantage of
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retirement is the lack of interaction with co-workers. During the stage of generativty, a
person’s main concerns are career and family. According to Erik Erikson (2018), middle-
aged people tend to be engaged in inventive and important work, and family matters. This
is the stage when people assume bigger responsibilities, and play the role of always being
“in charge.” This is the time that people feel the urge to be productive and make
contributions to the environment. At this time, they fear being inactive and live a
On studying early retirement decisions, Henkens and Tazelaar found that the
the relative attractiveness of continuing to work. This aspect may be particularly important
for unmarried people, or at least for those who cannot rely on extra-work networks, a factor
which increases the fear of social isolation in retirement (Fraccaroli et al., 2010).
Some sink into depression and appear more likely to deepen their depression as
time in retirement increases initially when they experience a void in terms of “what or who
am I now that I am retired?” (Osborne, 2012). According to Osborne (2012), one third of
retirees have poor adjustment styles in retirement because of the strengthened finding of
The loss of a work/life structure and the task of building a retirement/life structure
(Osborne, 2012). There are existing processes of disengagement from a job and an
engagement in a retired life structure (e.g., the continuation of some of the roles of a prior
work life such as recreational activities, changes in domestic roles with a partner, and
spending more time at home. Reported negatives associated with retirement by university
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professors: loss of contact with students and colleagues, loneliness, feelings of uselessness,
Self-Image
What you see in yourself is your self-image. It does not need to reflect reality.
Indeed a person with an eating disorder maybe thin but have a self-image of being fat. A
person's self-image is affected by many factors, such as parental influences, friends, the
Most of the elderly doesn’t realize how important they are to their families and the
other people in their lives, leading to a negative self-image. Elderly people who gain a new
Many seniors don’t realize how important they are to their families and the other
people in their lives, leading to a negative self-image. Older workers who has a positive
self-image see themselves as socially adept and active before retirement, they are likely to
envision themselves having an active social life after retirement (Hicks, 2014).
Elderly people should understand his or her worth, Elderly people has the feeling
of wanting to be appreciated, accomplishing their goals in life helps to make them satisfied
and have a sense of purpose and importance in life. They should not feel to be a burden.
These people should feel that they can do much and can do activities independently and
ask for help when they want to. Doing chores and other activities that can make them feel
productive. Those who also has a solid social support tends to have a positive self-image.
Elderly people who has a good physical health produces a positive self-image. Being
satisfied and fulfilled in the middle adulthood stage helps people to look at themselves with
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optimism. Elderly people who realizes that they stay at their best, contributed good values
to the society, invest time in meaningful relationships, knowing that they have a solid social
support and their family are living in a way they wanted helps them to attain a positive self-
image. Those who gets enough sleep, eats well, and gets regular exercise helps them to
have a positive self-image that can also have a positive effect in their personality knowing
that they are living a healthy life despite of the fact that it is difficult for them to remain
healthy in their current stage in life where their body experiences the wear and tear
(Cordero, 2016).
affects achievements. A positive self-image can help people to strengthen your personality
to confront any kind of stress with more self-confidence and greater ease (Roy, 2017). A
positive self-image is often directly connected to physical health. While some seniors find
it difficult to remain healthy, it’s important to ensure they stay at their best. Every people
taking care of their loved ones should help them to take medications as prescribed, gets
enough sleep, eats well, and gets regular exercise. If your loved one needs help maintaining
Retiring can cause anxiety. Fears and worries about the future of the individual as
a result of the end of active working life. The fear that usually results from change is
mental health. The prospective retiree is afraid of how illness will affect his life and how
to cope with all these give him/her mental and emotional problems. How their family
17
members and friends will perceive them to be after losing part of their income or a
reduction of income and its impact on the family and friends is a great worry to them.
Searching for truly meaningful engagement in retirement may take longer than expected.
People should make adjustments prior to the transition of retirement to reduce stress and
anxiety. People with solid social supports are the ones who experience the strongest
psychological effects of retirement. Older adults who has great mental health are those who
are engaged in their communities and spend more time with family and friends. And this
is particularly true for retirees, as community participation has added meaning and
importance to one’s mental health once paid work has finished (Osborne, 2012).
According to research, people who are better educated and engage in physical
activities show the smallest declines in mental abilities. In contrast, older adults with
Hockenbury, 2013).
Social Life
People with strong social networks helps them develop a good personality in their
everyday life and when they experience stressful events in their life. Supportive family
members and friends helps the elderly people to perceive them as a strong social support
that gives the elderly a stronger sense of meaning in their lives. Helping the elderly to
develop a caring personality to the people around them. Social support is related also to the
success in their social life; stronger social networks associated with greater improvements
in their life produces a positive effect on their personality. The elderly starts to invest more
in meaningful relationships physically and spiritually. Elderly people who experienced less
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satisfaction with their networks show negative effects in their personality. Elderly people
are putting more effort towards being conscientious and dutiful because they are now more
aware of their limited time on Earth due to their diminishing physical, mental, and
emotional health that require more focus and effort. This is also the time where the elderly
are more conscious of risks in their health, more selective with respect to their relationships
Productivity
Retired individuals who keeps a busy schedule, having activities that helps them to
become productive tends to be more happy and tends to be more optimistic with their life
after retirement which also helps to have positive effect in the person’s personality. Elderly
people who engaged in productive activities helps them to stay healthy physically and
mentally. Older adults are commonly thought to be “unproductive” as soon as they retire
and began receiving a pension from the social security system. Most older adults go on
with making important contributions to society after they retire. They not only take care of
themselves and take pleasure in life, but also do caring tasks in their own residence and
that of their relatives and friends, caring for and supporting the people close to the older
adult. Caring for family members or relatives, unpaid work done in the community or for
any person or group are one of the productive activities done by a retired individual (Rubin,
2018).
Being active in life reduces risks for certain illnesses that could help affect an
individual’s personality such as diabetes and heart diseases. Regular physical activity
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helps to increase blood circulation, regulates metabolism, boosts energy, and improves
mental sharpness and mood that can help to stay productive in life (Kaye, 2013).
Personality
holds moods, attitudes, and ideas and is most clearly uttered in interactions with other
people. It includes behavioral characteristics, both inherent and acquired, that distinguish
one person from another and that can be observed in people’s relations to the environment
and to the social group. Time value is very important in life. Every people has to respect
and understand the time value. People should understanding the meaning and importance
of life. Every second of our life is precious partly because we are all only allotted a certain
amount of time in our lives, and so we need to make sure every bit of it wisely. Nothing
can stop the flow of time. Time once past cannot be brought back by any means and we
should value each and every second of our life to the things that makes us happy and
content. Such people waste their time and keeps thinking about things that give them
worries and things that are gives temporary joy. Everyone has to do the focus in their
important task of every day, though the future is unseen, man can work hard today to
increase the chance of a better tomorrow. People who used their time properly tend to have
Positive reciprocity occurs when an action that has a positive effect upon someone
else is reciprocated with an action that has almost equal positive effect upon another. A
simple sample of positive reciprocity is the return of a small favor. If a person does
something for another, takes care of their dog for the weekend as an example, it seems
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reasonable and is socially acceptable for the second person to return the favor, perhaps by
returning with a small gift. The reciprocal gift would seem inappropriate, however, if it
were very expensive. People expect small favors to be reciprocated, if at all, by actions that
patience. Patient people are not free of frustration rather, they are able to tolerate frustration
without feeling extreme negative emotions or showing common signs of frustration. Many
people seek help to become more patient, particularly when their lives are extremely
stressful or fast-paced. There is some evidence that the distraction-riddled nature of most
workplaces can make it more difficult to be patient. Overwhelming demands can also make
Honesty is not just about telling the truth. It’s about being real with yourself and
others about who you are, what you want and what you need to live your most real life.
we present ourselves. Honesty sharpens our perception and allows us to observe everything
The theory of Continuity which was made by Robert Atchley back in 1968 helps
with regard to retirement. The theory shows that as people gets older they are more likely
to maintain similar patterns of behaviors or lifestyles across time, changing only slowly. In
this, most retirees were effectively adapting to retirement (Cooper & Beehr, 2015).
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The theory presents that that older adults continue to do the activities, behaviors,
opinions, beliefs, preferences, and relationships that characterized them in earlier stages of
their lives, They are all an adaptive strategy for managing changes in their physical, social,
and mental status and the life events associated with growing older. Older adults make
decisions that maintain occupations that are highly meaningful and other activities that
characterize their daily routines to sustain their self-concept and lifestyle with the support
of their network of relationships and social roles (Charles & Carstensen, 2010).
Disengagement Theory
Social scientists Elaine Cumming and William Earle Henry created the
disengagement theory of aging. It is notable for being the first social science theory of
Older adults who has accepted that their abilities will be deteriorating over time as
a result of this deterioration, they begin to lose contact with their societal networks.
aging person and others can be thought through aging. The process leads to give up some
roles since the aging person drops out of the working field and children move out of the
house. Older people face a reduction of ties since peers start to die off. This process is
formed as removing the individual from a certain amount of standard control, free to
become more individualized and less likely to be easily assimilated into new groupings
(Toepoei, 2012).
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Synthesis
it is the transition from middle adulthood to old age where a lot of changes may happen
that can affect the retired individual’s personality. Retired individuals should adapt
successfully to the transition process, in order to have a successful life after retirement and
Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is the main theory used in the
study. It tells there that every person experiences a crisis that can influence their personality
throughout life on their process of development. The researchers used the category of
professors are having a productive way of living, develop a virtue of care or end up in the
opposite which is stagnation. The literature discussed that most retirees who are living with
a positive outlook in life, good family relationships, a strong identity, and involvement in
meaningful activities apart from their job are the ones who experience easy transition to
retirement.
The review of related literature also discussed that spending time in mutually
enjoyable activities could prevent the boredom and emptiness that often lead to conflicts
in their retirement (Hicks, 2014). Aging is not just a physiological change of people that
people who are getting old experience wear and tear in their bodies which is part of the
Wear and Tear Theory of Aging instead it is also the wealth of life experiences that shape
Many seniors don’t realize how important they are to their families and the other
people in their lives, leading to a negative self-image. Older workers who has a positive
23
self-image see themselves as socially adept and active before retirement, they are likely to
envision themselves having an active social life after retirement (Cordero, 2016).
People who are making adjustments prior to the transition of retirement reduces
stress and anxiety (Osborne, 2012). According to the Continuity theory, retirees maintain
the similar fun and productive activities they are doing earlier in life while in the
Disengagement theory, most retirees withdraw from society because they lose social ties
to those around them, they expect death, and their abilities to engage with others deteriorate
over time.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter provides all the necessary information on how the study was
conducted. This includes the research design, research locale, population of the study, data
Research Design
The researchers used a descriptive qualitative research in this study. This shows the
main focus of the study which is the psychosocial impact of retirement among selected
retired professors from Laguna State Polytechnic University Los Baños campus. The
information obtained were based on the thoughts and personal statements of retired
professors through a semi structured interview using a set of questions. Semi structured
interview is where questions and topics are covered in a particular order, but the interviewer
can ask other questions to provide the opportunity for identifying new ways of seeing and
Research Locale
The locale of the study is Laguna State Polytechnic University which is located at
Los Baños, Laguna. Laguna State Polytechnic University Los Baños was a good locale for
this study since the foundation of its education are excellence and innovation. The
25
university provides a number of retirement benefits support for the professors after
retirement.
The study was conducted in Los Baños because most of the retired teachers
currently reside in the area. Los Baños is also a good place for retired teachers to settle due
The participants of the study were retired teachers of the Laguna State Polytechnic
University in Los Baños. By using convenience sampling, the researchers chose the
participants that reside in Los Baños area. The participants who were chosen do not have
major health problems that could affect the validity of their answers and responses. The
participants who were chosen were three part time retired teachers and three retired
The ages of the participants were 60-65 years old, since the retirement age in the
Laguna State Polytechnic University in Los Baños is 60 years old. It falls under the range
Research Instrument
participants that are needed for their research. Semi structured interview questions was
used in gathering the much needed data from the participants. It allows the interviewer to
26
ask other questions to provide the opportunity for identifying new ways of seeing and
The semi-structured interview guide questions were formulated using the 5 main
questions in the statement of the problem in chapter one that will help the researchers know
the factors that influenced generativity or stagnation in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory.
The questions that were made are demographic questions, questions about their life after
The cellphone’s sound recorder was used to document the conversation. It is also a
good way to respect the participant’s rights to confidentiality and privacy and to enable the
researchers to fully comprehend what the participants are trying to tell and transcribe it
easily. The researchers focused on the individual perspectives of the retired professors to
determine the psychosocial impact of retirement among them and explain their perceptions
about retirement.
The researchers first planned on how they will gather the reliable data needed for
their research. The researchers used convenience sampling in choosing their following
participants, where the researchers asked some veteran teachers in their faculty who are the
available retired teachers within the area and where they live in Los Baños. It would be
much easier to interact with the participants who were in a place that is accessible for them.
27
an interview for the study. They asked the participants if it was fine with them to record
Treatment of Data
After the interview was conducted and the much needed data were gathered, the
researchers listened to the following recordings from the interview, transcribed it and
analyzed the data by reading it comprehensively. The data was sorted based on the four
main questions discussed in chapter one then made a presentation using brief narration
about the participants. The data that was analyzed through thematic analysis which is a
flexible data analysis plan to generate themes from the interview. In order to interpret the
data gathered easily and to come up with an accurate and precise result that helped them to
CHAPTER IV
This chapter includes data obtained from the interview the researchers had
Professor A
The first participant is a 64 year old lady who is currently a part time professor in
Laguna State Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus. She started teaching in Laguna
State Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus at the age of 23 and retired at the age of
60. She is already a widow with four children; one of them still lives with her at the age of
39. Two of them have families and all of them have jobs. The highest level of education
Her religion is Roman Catholic and her total monthly income as a part time
professor is less than 20,000 pesos. Her ultimate acquisition after she retired was to finally
own the house they were renting for so many years. She also told that she really did saved
a lot of money just to buy the house. According to her, nothing is too intriguing after her
retirement and a change after her retirement was the stress she felt lessened. She can control
English translation
[“I now can manage my own time unlike before, my schedule was very
According to her, that was the most significant change she had experienced. She
doesn’t worry much about her life because she has achieved her ultimate goal of owning a
house. Her stress was lessened and she can now manage her own time.
She chose to retire because she wants to give more time for her family and the
example she gave was about her eldest brother who was very sick who needs physical
presence from his loved ones. The second reason why she retired was that she had already
accomplished her ultimate goal to finally own a house and property. Her daily activities
now consists of teaching as a part timer, giving more time for her personal interests like
bonding with her 2 grandchildren and family. These things she said states that she’s still
living a productive life and she nurtures a virtue of care because she gives time to care for
According to her, she is satisfied with her life after retirement because her outlook
in life is to be sufficient, where she doesn’t long for a lot of things. According to her, she
needs to work as a part time professor because she is still taking care of her eldest brother
who is turning 93, but she is satisfied with her own personal life. She wants a stress-free
“although ine-encourage ako ng mga anak ko na mag try ako ng iba pang uhm..
pagkakakitaan via online. Online business ganon. Sabi ko pag-iisipan ko kasi ayaw
English translation
business. I told them that I’m going to think about, it because I don’t
She wants to continue teaching for the next two years of her life because it is one
of the ways on how she can repay the university for what it has done for her over the years
English Translation
Professor B
The second participant is a 63 year old lady who is a retired professor in Laguna
State Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus. She started teaching at Laguna State
Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus at the age of 21 and retired at the age of 60. She
is categorized between generativity and stagnation. She is married with three children, one
of them still lives with her at the age of 22. The eldest currently lives overseas and the other
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one lives in Makati. All of them have jobs and can survive on their own for which brings
She also gave us information about the retirement benefits in Laguna State
Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus and the requirements for getting 90% of your
salary as your pension. It requires you to have at least 35 years of service in the university
and at least 60 years old, but if you reach the age of 65 and didn’t meet the 35 years of
service in the university, you will be forced to retire and your pension will be less than 90%
of your salary. There are various retirement plans that can be chosen, she gave us two
examples like the 5 years plan which is giving you a total of your 5 years pension in cash
and after 5 years you will get a monthly pension, and the 18 months plan where you will
be given a 2.5 year worth of pension but within less a year after receiving the 2.5 year
Her religion is Christian and her total annual income is more than 20,000 pesos.
She owns a big house just a few blocks away from work. According to her, after retirement:
English Translation
The changes after her retirement was that she has more time for her family and
herself. She can manage her time now which is different from before as she told that:
English Translation
According to her, the most significant change she had experienced was that she
doesn’t worry much about her life because she has successful children and life.
She chose to retire because she’s aware that someday she might not be as healthy
as today, her health will someday decline and before that time comes she wants to enjoy
her time with her family. Her daily activities now are maintaining the cleanliness inside
her house, making sure there are enough supplies and bonding with her family. The
researchers noticed that there are no maids or helper in the house given that the place she
lives in is quite spacious. These things she said states that she’s still living a productive life
and she nurtures a virtue of care because she gives time to care for the people around her.
According to her, she is satisfied with her life after retirement because she is living
comfortably with less worries because all of her children are currently independent and
successful. But she mentioned that none of her children is currently planning to have a
“Wala lahat, millennials kasi sila eh, ine-enjoy nila ung trabaho nila eh. Kasi gusto
pa nila ma-enjoy yung sahod nila kasi pinag hirapan daw nila yun eh kailangan
English Translation
33
[“They don’t have one, they are millennials, they are enjoying their job
and they want to enjoy their income because they worked so hard to earn
The thing that she currently long for is a grandson or a granddaughter. She has no
problem financially given that she only has her pension as funds for daily needs. She
“ hindi na, sapat na yung oras na laging nasa labas ako. Gusto ko naman sa loob
English Translation:
[ “ No, because my time outside spent is enough, now I want to be inside the house
Professor C
The third participant is a 64 year old lady who is a part time professor in Laguna
State Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus. She started teaching at Laguna State
Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus at the age of 23 and she retired at the age of 61.
She’s married with three children and two of their children have families already. She is
satisfied with her life after retirement. The highest educational attainment she achieved was
Catholic. Her monthly pension is more than ₱ 20,000. The most significant change that she
had experienced after retirement was having her own time as she stated that:
English Translation
She retired because she wants to take more time to rest. She came back to teaching
because of boredom and because the university called her as she stated that:
English Translation
[“Before? I just wanted to rest, but I got bored… The reason I returned to
again.”]
Her daily activities consist of part time teaching, doing household chores and
browsing facebook. She teaches math subjects. Their 200 sqm land property is being rented
by Globe telecom for their cell site. This is where they get their source of income besides
their pension. Her income is sufficient to sustain her needs even though she is helping her
grandchildren. She also stated that she will continue teaching as long as her health will
permit her proving that she really loves to teach and impart knowledge to the youth. The
thing that changed in her teaching was her temper towards her students. She became more
tolerant because students nowadays are unruly, which is different from the old times. She
also stated that teaching brings happiness in her life because it takes her boredom away.
She doesn’t like to participate in outings or to travel around places because she gets tired
She also likes to tell her students to be honest, because the government doesn’t
Professor D
The fourth participant is a 65 year old lady who is a retired professor in Laguna
State Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus. Professor D started teaching in Laguna
State Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus at the age of 22 and she retired at the age
of 63. She returned after one year to the campus as a part-timer due to the university’s lack
of professors teaching MAPEH subjects. She is a single lady without children. The fourth
Doctor of Education. She is Roman Catholic. She has a monthly income of more than ₱
20,000. Professor D is currently living with her sister. There are four adults including her
and 2 children currently residing in her sister’s house. The most intriguing change she had
experienced after retirement was that she had more time for her personal interests like
traveling in various places. She can now manage her own time unlike during her teaching
days. She also has a lot of time to bond with her family and grandchildren as she stated
that:
ko.”
English Translation
[“rest, travel.. that’s all. I just travel with my grandchildren and my sibling.”]
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Her daily activity is doing the household chores in their house. She retired because
she wants more time to rest and to enjoy the time that she is now able to control and to
maeenjoy yung life mo. Paano ka pa gagala kung masakit na tuhod mo. Marami ng
English Translation
retire at the age of 65 which is force retirement then by that time, my body
will be more prone to certain illnesses due to aging. On the other hand, if
aging. How can you enjoy your life? How can you travel if your knees are
aching. The body experiences a lot of pain. At the age of 60 above the body
experiences a lot of pain eh. Are you still going to wait for the time that
your body is unable to move freely before you retire? So it is better to retire
She is also currently satisfied with her life and she is happy with it. Her income is
enough to sustain their needs and she is not planning to teach again as a part timer.
“Aaah eh sana nga yun na nga eh last ko na nitong sem. Binigyan pa kasi ako ng
English Translation
[“I hope this sem would be the last but they gave me subjects to teach
Professor E
The fifth participant is a 65 year old female who is currently a part time professor
in Laguna State Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus. She retired from teaching at
the age of 63. She still can be categorized between generativity or stagnation category in
Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development because she’s still not above 65. She
is married with one child. Her son lives with her wife in Canlubang and already has a stable
job. The highest level of education she attained is “Master’s Degree in Physical Education.”
She couldn’t focus on studying any further due to her responsibility as the Director of BAO,
but her dedication and efforts resulted in many great things and brought the school more
budget for certain projects that will help the employees and students even in the future.
This made her feel more than satisfied and fulfilled. But her only regret was her last income
proposal before retiring was not approved and was put under the table.
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Her religion is Roman Catholic and her total monthly income as a part time
professor is more than 20,000 pesos. According to her, after her retirement she had more
English Translation
A change after her retirement is that the she now can devote her time to serving
God. She chose to retire because she wants more time with her family and spend her
remaining days serving God. The second reason why she retired is that she had done
enough service for the campus. Her daily activities now are going to the church every-day
to serve and bond with her family. These things she said proves that she’s still living a
According to her she is satisfied with her life after retirement because she just
answered with a big yes when the researchers asked her if she was satisfied with it.
According to her, she doesn’t need to work as a part time professor because she’s already
financially stable and she wants to give her remaining time to God. She is also saving up
money and planning for the future of her son. With all the things she said, she can fall
Professor F
The sixth participant is a 63 year old lady who is currently a part time professor in
Laguna State Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus. She started teaching in Laguna
State Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus at the age of 22 and retired at the age of
60. She still can be categorized between generativity vs stagnation category in Erik
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development because she’s still not above 65. She is
blessed with two children, one of them still lives with her at the age of 26. The other one
has his own family and both have jobs. The highest level of education she attained was the
Her religion is Roman Catholic and her monthly income as a part time professor is
less than 20,000 pesos. According to her, the change she noticed is that there was less stress
“Siguro dahil may edad na rin ako at mas mabilis ako ma stress sa mga bata
English Translation
“Maybe because I am now old and I begin to feel stress quickly to the children.
There are a lot of things that I am able to do during my free time now.”
She chose to retire because she wants more time with her family and time for
English Translation
[“I am now okay with this kind of situation where I am rarely needed by the school,
The second reason why she retired was that her children already had stable and
independent lives. Her daily activities now are part time teaching, giving more time to her
personal interests like visiting her grandchildren and more time to bond with family. These
things she said states that she’s still living a productive life and she nurtures a virtue of care
because she gives time to care for the people around her, especially her grandchildren.
According to her she is satisfied with her life after retirement because her she has a
stable lifestyle and a stress-free environment. According to her, she needs to work as a part
time professor because she gets bored at home. but she is satisfied with her own personal
“Although sinasabi ng asawa ko na wag ka na mag turo lalo’t may edad ka na baka
anong mangyari sayo, i still wanted to continue teaching even as a part timer na
English Translation
I still wanted to continue teaching as a part timer because it feels that teaching is
Presented are the gathered data from the interviews that gave answers to questions
in the statement of the problem. This data stated the self-image of the retired professors,
social life and lifestyle of the participants, the factors that influenced the retired professors
to fall under generativity rather than in stagnation and the psychosocial impact on the
The participants were asked how do they see themselves self after retirement (see
table 1).