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Bachelor of Science: Subject: Chemistry Semester I
Bachelor of Science: Subject: Chemistry Semester I
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject: Chemistry
Semester I
Paper code Paper Title Type of Contact Maximum Minimum ESE in hrs.
paper Hours marks marks
Per semester Theory Practical
Per week
BCHE101 Inorganic Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE102 Organic Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE103 Physical Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE151 Chemistry Lab 60 4 75 30 - 4
Practicals work
10
The details of the courses with code and title assigned are given below.
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
(Semester Scheme)
Examination scheme
Each theory paper syllabus is divided into four units. Each theory paper 3 hours duration
The number of papers and the maximum marks for each paper/ practical shall be shown in the syllabus for the
paper concerned. It will be necessary for a candidate to pass in theory part as well as practical part of a subject
separately.
Note: Maximum marks for a theory paper is 50 marks which include 35 marks for ESE and 15marks for
internal assessment.
1
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester I
Part A- comprises of ten very short answer questions from all units.
(It’s a compulsory question and attempt any seven) 1x7= 7marks
Part B- comprises of eight long answer questions with two questions from each
unit. Candidates have to answer any four questions, selecting one question
from each unit. 7x4 = 28 marks
Total marks for End Semester Examination 35 marks
Internal Assessment 15 marks
Total 50 marks
Unit I
Chemical Bonding Part I: Introduction of chemical bonding, properties of covalent bond, electron pair concept and its
limitations directional characteristics of covalent bond, hybridization, energetics of hybridisation and shapes of different
molecules and ions, Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to SnCl 2, H3O+, NH4+, NH3, H2O, TeCl4, ClF3,
ICl2-, BrF5 , ICl4-, Valance bond theory and its limitations.
Unit II
Chemical Bonding Part II: Linear combination of atomic orbitals, types of molecular orbitals, nonbonding combination of
atomic orbitals, MO theory for homonuclear molecules and ions (H 2+ to Ne2), molecular orbital theory for heteronuclear
molecules and ions (HF, CO, NO, NO+) , comparison of valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory, multicentre
bonding in electron deficient molecules, bond strength and bond energy, dipole moment, percentage ionic character from
dipole moment and electronegativity difference.
Unit III
Periodicity of p- block elements: Comparative study of p-block elements: group trends, electronic configuration, atomic and
ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, oxidation states, catenation , inert pair effect.
Chemistry of noble gases: Introduction of noble gases, characterstics and group tendency, Chemical properties of the noble
gases, compounds of noble gases, chemistry of xenon, bonding and stereochemistry of xenon compounds.
Unit IV
Theory of Qualitative and Quantitative Inorganic Analysis: Common ion effect, solubility product and super saturation,
Chemistry of analysis of various groups of basic and acidic radicals, chemistry of identification of acid radicals in typical
combinations. Chemistry of interfering radicals including their removal in the analysis of basic radicals. Theory of
oxidation- reduction (Redox) titration, redox indicators, complexometric titrations, theory in reference to EDTA,
complexometric indicators- direct and indirect methods.
2
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester I
PAPER II Organic Chemistry BCHE 102 30 Hrs (2 hrs/week)
Unit I
Mechanism of organic reaction: Curved arrow notation , drawing electron movement with arrows, Half headed and double
headed arrow, homolytic and heterolytic bond breaking, Types of reagents , electrofiles and nucleofiles. Types of organic
reactions, energy considerations, reactive intermediates-Carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes and nitrenes
with examples. Assigning formal charges on intermediates and other ionic species. Method of determination of reaction
mechanism (product analysis, intermediates, isotope effect, kinetic and stereo chemical studies)
Unit II
Alkanes: IUPAC nomenclature of branched and unbranched alkanes. The alkyl group. Isomerism in alkanes sources,
methods of formation (with special reference of Wurtz reaction, Kolbe reaction, Corey House reaction and decarboxylation
of carboxylic acids.) Physical properties and chemical reactions of alkanes, Mechanism of free radical halogenations of
alkanes, orientation, reactivity and selectivity.
Cycloalkanes: Nomenclature, method of formation, chemical reactions, Baeyer strain theory and its limitations. Ring strain
in small rings (cyclopropane and cyclobutane), theory of strainless rings. The case of cyclopropane ring: banana bond.
Unit III
Alkenes: Nomenclature of alkenes, methods of formation, mechanisms of dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation
of alkyl halides, regioselectivity in alcohol dehydrations. The Saytzeff rule, Hofmann elimination. Physical properties and
relative stabilities of alkenes. Chemical reactions of alkenes—mechanism involved in hydrogenations, Markownikoffs rule,
hydroboration –oxidation, oxymercuration-reduction. Epoxidation, ozonolysis, hydration, hydroxylation and oxidation with
KMnO4, polymerization of alkenes. Subsititution at the allylic and vinylic position of alkenes. Industrial applications of
ethylene and propene.
Unit IV
Dienes: Nomenclature and classification of dienes, isolated, conjugated and cumulated dienes, Structure of allenes and
butadiene, methods of formation, polymerization, chemical reactions, 1,2and 1,4- additions, Diels-Alder reaction.
Alkynes : Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes, methods of formation. Chemical reactions of alkynes, acidity of
alkynes. Mechanism of electrofilic and nucleofilic addition reactions, Hydroboration-oxidation, metal – ammonia reduction,
oxidation and polymerisation.
3
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester I
Gaseous States 1: Gaseous laws and their derivations, postulate of kinetic theory of gases and its derivation, deviation from
ideal behavior, (with respect to pressure and volume), Vander Waals equation of state
Unit II
Gaseous States 2: Critical phenomenon : PV isotherm of real gases, continuity of state, the isotherms of Vander Waals
equation, relationship between critical constant and Vander- Waals constant, the law of corresponding states, reduced
equation of state.
Root mean square, average and most probable velocity. Qualitative discussion of the Maxwell`s distribution of molecular
velocities, collision number, mean free path and collision diameter. Liquification of gases.
Unit III
Liquid state: Intermolecular forces, structure of liquids (a qualitative description). Structural differences between solid,
liquid and gases. Liquid crystals: difference between liquid crystal, solid and liquid. Classification, structure and application
of liquid crystal
Unit IV
Solid state: Definition of space lattice, Unit cell. Law of crystallography (i)law of constancy of interfacial angles (ii) law of
rationality of indices (iii)law of symmetry. Symmetry elements in crystals. X ray diffraction by crystals. Derivation of
Braggs equation, Determination of crystal structure of NaCl, KCl and CsCl ( Laue’s method and powder method).
4
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester I
Chemistry Practical BCHE 151 60 hrs (4 hr/week)
Practicals
Note: Total marks for each semester practicals is 75, which include 45 marks for ESE and 30 marks for
internal assessment.
Inorganic chemistry
Qualitative Analysis: Semi microanalysis; separation and identification of three cations and three anions
in the given inorganic mixture, specific tests for some typical combination of acid radicals.
Physical chemistry
5
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester II
Paper code Paper Title Type of Contact Maximum Minimum ESE in hrs.
paper Hours marks marks
Per semester Theory Practical
Per week
BCHE 201 Inorganic Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE 202 Organic Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE 203 Physical Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE 251 Chemistry Lab 60 4 75 30 - 4
Practicals work
10
The details of the courses with code and title assigned are given below.
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
(Semester Scheme)
Examination scheme
Sr. No. Paper ESE CIA Total
1. Theory 70% 30% 100
2. Practical 60% 40% 100
Each theory paper syllabus is divided into four units. Each theory paper 3 hours duration
Each Practical /Lab work 4 hours duration
The number of papers and the maximum marks for each paper/ practical shall be shown in the syllabus for the
paper concerned. It will be necessary for a candidate to pass in theory part as well as practical part of a subject
separately.
Note: Maximum marks for a paper is 50 marks which include 35 marks for ESE and 15marks for internal
assessment.
6
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester II
Max.hrs: 3 hrs. Max. marks: 35
Part A- comprises of ten very short answer questions from all units.
(It’s a compulsory question and attempt any seven) 1x7= 7marks
Part B- comprises of eight long answer questions with two questions from each
unit.Candidates have to answer any four questions, selecting one question
from each unit. 7x4 = 28 marks
Total marks for End Semester Examination 35 marks
Internal Assessment 15 marks
Total 50 marks
Unit I
Ionic Solids: Ionic structures ( AB and AB2 type), packing of ions, Radius ratio and coordination number,
calculation of limiting radius ratio for tetrahedral, octahedral and cubic crystal structure, limitations of radius ratio
rules, Polarizing power and polarisability of ions, Fajans rule, lattice energy and born lande equation, Born Haber
cycle and its applications, solvation energy and solubility of ionic solids.
Unit II
Metallic Bond: Introduction of metallic bond, properties of metals, theories of Metallic bond- old electron free
theory, valance bond theory, limitations of valence bond theory, molecular orbital or band theory, lattice defects
in ionic solids, semiconductors.
Unit III
s-Block Elements: Comparative study, diagonal relationships, salient features of hydrides, solvation and
complexation tendencies including their function in biosystems and introduction to alkyls and aryls.
Unit IV
Some important compounds of p- block elements: Hydrides of boron, diborane and higher boranes, borazines,
borohydrides, fullerenes, carbides, flurocarbons, silicates (structural principle), tetrasulphur tetranitride, basic
properties of halogens, interhalogens and polyhalides.
7
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester II
Stereochemistry of organic compounds: Concept of isomerism, type of isomerism. Optical isomerism; elements
of symmetry, molecular chirality- allenes and biphenyl, Enantiomers, stereogenic centre, optical activity,
properties of enantiomers. Chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centres, distereomers Threo, and
erythro diastereomers, meso compounds. Resolution of enantiomers , inversion, retention and racemisation.
Relative and absolute configuration, sequence rule, D&L and R&S system of nomenclature.
Unit II
Conformational isomerism : Conformational analysis of ethane and n-butane. Newman projection and
Sawhorse formulae. Fischer and flying wedge formula. Difference between configuration and conformation
Arenes: Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. The aryl group, aromatic nucleus and side chain. Structure of
benzene, molecular formula and Kekule structure. Stability and carbon-carbon bond length of benzene, resonance
structure, MO picture.
Unit III
Aromatic electrofilic substitution: General pattern of the mechanism, role of sigma and pi complexes.
Mechanism of nitration, halogenations, sulphonation, mercuration and Friedel Craft reaction with energy profile
diagrams. Activating and deactivating substituents, orientation and ortho/para ratio. Side chain reactions of
benzene derivatives. Birch reduction.
Unit IV
Alkyl and aryl halides: Nomenclature and classes of alkyl halides, methods of formation, chemical reactions.
Mechanism of nucleofilic substitution , reaction of alkyl halides, SN1 and SN2 reaction with energy profile
diagram.
Poly halogen compounds: Chloroform, carbon tetra chloride. Methods of formation of aryl halides, nuclear and
side chain reaction. The addition-elimination and the elimination addition mechanism of nucleofilic aromatic
substitution reaction. Relative reactivities of alkyl halides v/s allyl, vinyl and aryl halides. Synthesis and uses of
DDT and BHC.
8
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester II
PAPER III Physical Chemistry BCHE 203 30 Hrs (2 hrs/week)
Unit I
Colloidal state: Definition of colloids, classification of colloids. Solids in liquids (sols): properties- kinetics,
optical and electrical. Stability of colloids, protective action, Hardy Schulze law. Gold number. Liquids in solids
(gels): classification, preparation and properties, inhibition, general application of collides. Liquid in liquid
(emulsions): types of emulsions, preparation, Emulsifiers.
Unit II
Chemical Kinetics I: Chemical kinetics and its scope, rate of a reaction, factors influencing the rate of a reaction,
concentrations, temperature, pressure, solvent, light, catalyst. Concentration dependence of rates, mathematical
characteristics of simple chemical reaction- zero order, first order, second order, pseudo order, half life and mean
life. Determinations of the order of reaction- differential method, method of integration, method of half-life period
and isolation method. Radioactive decay as a first order phenomenon.
Unit III
Chemical Kinetics II: Experimental methods of chemical kinetics: conductometric, potentiometric, optical
methods, polarimetry and spectrophotometer. Theories of chemical kinetics, Effect of temperature on the rate
reaction, Arrhenius concept of activation energy. Simple collision theory based on hard sphere model, transition
state theory (equilibrium hypothesis). Expression for the rate constant based on equilibrium constant and
thermodynamic aspects.
Unit IV
Solutions, Dilute solutions: ideal and non ideal solutions, methods of expressing concentrations of solutions,
activity and activity coefficient.
Colligative properties: Raoult`s law, relative lowering of vapour pressure, molecular weight determination.
Osmosis law of osmotic pressure and its measurement, determination of molecular weight from osmotic pressure,
Elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point. Thermodynamic derivation of relation between
molecular weight and elevation of boiling point and depression in freezing point. Experimental methods for
determining various colligative properties. Abnormal molar mass degree of dissociation and association of
solutes.
9
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester II
BCHE 251 Chemistry Practical 60 hrs(4hrs/week )
Note: Total marks for each semester practicals is 75, which include 45 marks for ESE and 30 marks for
internal assessment.
Max. marks 45
Inorganic chemistry:
Organic chemistry:
10
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester III
Paper code Paper Type of Contact Maximum Minimum ESE in hrs.
Title paper Hours marks marks
Per semester Theory Practical
Per week
BCHE 301 Inorganic Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE 302 Organic Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE 303 Physical Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE 351 Chemistry Lab 60 4 75 30 - 4
Practicals work
10
The details of the courses with code and title assigned are given below.
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
(Semester Scheme)
Examination scheme
Sr. No. Paper ESE CIA Total
1. Theory 70% 30% 100
2. Practical 60% 40% 100
Each theory paper syllabus is divided into four units. Each theory paper 3 hours duration
The number of papers and the maximum marks for each paper/ practical shall be shown in the syllabus for the
paper concerned. It will be necessary for a candidate to pass in theory part as well as practical part of a subject
separately.
Note: Maximum marks for a paper is 50 marks which include 35 marks for ESE and 15marks for internal
assessment.
11
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester III
Max.hrs: 3 hrs. Max. marks : 35
Part A- comprises of ten very short answer questions from all units.
(It’s a compulsory question and attempt any seven) 1x7= 7marks
Part B- comprises of eight long answer questions with two questions from each
unit.Candidates have to answer any four questions, selecting one question
from each unit. 7x4 = 28 marks
Total marks for End Semester Examination 35 marks
Internal Assessment 15 marks
Total 50 marks
Semester III
Acids and Bases : Arrhenius (Water- ion system), Bronsted- Lowry (The proton donor acceptor system), The
Lux-Flood (oxide ion concept), Lewis concepts of acids and bases (The electron donor acceptor concept) and
solvent system and solvolysis, ionic product of solvent, limitations of solvent system.
Unit II
Hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB): Classification of acids and bases as hard and soft. Pearson’s HSAB
concept, acid- base strength and hardness and softness, symbiosis, theoretical basis of hardness and softness,
electronegativity and hardness and softness, limitations of HSAB.
Unit III
Non-aqueous solvents : Physical properties of solvent, types of solvent and their general characteristics,
reactions in non-aqueous solvents with reference to liq. NH3 and liq. SO2, HF .
Unit IV
Seperation methods and Analysis Process: Principles and process of solvent extraction, the distribution law and
partition coefficient, batch extraction, continuous extraction and counter current distribution, Gravimetric
methods, theory of precipitation, co-precipitation, post precipitation, theory of purifying the precipitates.
12
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester III
Unit II
Phenol: Nomenclature, structure and bonding, preparation of phenols, physical properties and acidic character.
Comparative acidic strength of alcohols and phenols, resonance stabilization of phenoxide ion, reaction of
phenols, electrophilic aromatic substitions, acylations and carboxylation. Mechanisms of Fries rearrangement,
Claisen rearrangement. Gattermann synthesis, Hauben- Hoesch reaction, Lederer Manasse reaction and Reimer
Tiemann reaction.
Unit III
Aldehyde and ketones: Nomenclature and structure of the carbonyl group. Synthesis of aldehyde and ketones
with particular reference to the synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides, synthesis of aldehyde and ketones
using 1, 3 dithianes, synthesis of ketones from nitriles and from carboxylic acids. Physical properties. Mechanism
of nucleophilic additions to carbonyl group with particular emphasis on benzoin, aldol, perkin and Knovenagel
condensations, condensation with ammonia and its derivatives. Wittig reaction, Mannich reaction, use of acetals
as protecting group, oxidation of aldehyde and ketones, Cannizzaro reaction, Bayer Villiger oxidation of ketones,
MPV, Clemmensen’s reduction, Wolf Kishner reduction, LiAlH4 and NaBH4 reduction, Halogenation of
enolizable ketones.
Unit IV
Ethers and epoxides: Nomenclature of ethers and methods of their formation, physical properties, chemical
reactions- cleavage and auto oxidation, Ziesel 's method. Synthesis of epoxides. Acid and base- catalyzed ring
opening of epoxides, orientation of epoxide ring opening; reactions of Grignard and organolithium reagents with
epoxides.
Organic synthesis via Enolates: Acidity of α hydrogens, alkylation of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate.
Synthesis of ethylacetoacetate; The Claisen condensation. Keto-enol tautomerism of ethyl acetoacetate.
Alkylation of 1,3- dithianes, alkylation and acylation of enamines.
13
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester III
PAPER III Physical Chemistry BCHE 303 30 Hrs. (2hrs/week)
Unit I
Thermodynamics-I: Definition of thermodynamics terms: systems, surroundings etc. Types of systems, intensive
and extensive properties. State and path functions and their differentials. Thermodynamics process. Concept of
heat and work.
First law of thermodynamics: statement, definition of internal energy and enthalpy. Heat capacity. Heat
capacities at constant volume and pressure and their relationship. Joule law-Joule Thomsan co-efficient and
inversion temperature. Calculation of w,q,dU &dH for the expansion of ideal gases under isothermal and
adiabatic condition for reversible process.
Unit II
Themochemistry: Standard state, standard enthalpy of formation- Hess`s Law of heat summations and its
applications, Heat of reaction at constant pressure and constant volume. Enthalpy of neutralization. Bond
dissociation energy and its calculation from thermo-chemical data, temperature dependence of enthalpy.
Kirchhoff `s equation.
Unit III
Electrochemistry I: Electrical transport- conduction in metals and in electrolyte solutions, specific conductance
and equivalent conductance, measurement of equivalent conductance, variation of equivalent and specific
conductance with dilution. Migration of ions and Kohlrausch law, Arrhenius theory of electrolyte dissociation and
its limitations, weak and strong electrolytes. Ostwald dilution law its uses and limitations. Debye Huckel–
Onsager`s equation for strong electrolytes (elementary treatment only). Transport number, definition and
determination by Hittorf method and moving boundary method. Application of conductivity measurements;
determination of degree of dissociation, determination of Ka of acids, determination of solubility product of a
sparingly soluble salt, condutometric titrations.
Unit IV
Chemical equilibrium: Equilibrium constant and free energy. Thermodynamic derivation of law of mass action.
Le- Chatelier`s principle. Reaction isotherm and reaction isochore – Clapeyron equation and Clausious- Clapeyron
equation, application.
14
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester III
BCHE 351 Chemistry Practical 60 hrs (4 hr/week)
Note: Total marks for each semester practicals is 75, which include 45 marks for ESE and 30
marks for internal assessment.
i) Analysis of Cu as CuSCN ,
ii) Analysis of Ni as Ni (dimethylglyoxime) and
iii) Analysis of Zn as Zn3(PO4)2
Organic Chemistry
Qualitative Analysis: Identification of two organic compound through the functional group analysis,
determination of melting point/boiling point and preparation of suitable derivatives of any one.
15
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester IV
Paper code Paper Title Type of Contact Maximum Minimum ESE in hrs.
paper Hours marks marks
Per semester Theory Practical
Per week
BCHE 401 Inorganic Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE 402 Organic Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE 403 Physical Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE 451 Chemistry Lab 60 4 75 30 - 4
Practicals work
10
The details of the courses with code and title assigned are given below.
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
(Semester Scheme)
Examination scheme
Sr. No. Paper ESE CIA Total
1. Theory 70% 30% 100
2. Practical 60% 40% 100
Each theory paper syllabus is divided into four units. Each theory paper 3 hours duration
The number of papers and the maximum marks for each paper/ practical shall be shown in the syllabus for the
paper concerned. It will be necessary for a candidate to pass in theory part as well as practical part of a subject
separately.
Note: Maximum marks for a paper is 50 marks which include 35 marks for ESE and 15marks for internal
assessment.
16
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester IV
Part A- comprises of ten very short answer questions from all units.
(It’s a compulsory question and attempt any seven) 1x7= 7marks
Part B- comprises of eight long answer questions with two questions from each
unit.Candidates have to answer any four questions, selecting one question
from each unit. 7x4 = 28 marks
Total marks for End Semester Examination 35 marks
Internal Assessment 15 marks
Total 50 marks
Chromatography: Types of chromatographic methods and their applications, principle of differencial migration,
Adsorption phenomenon, nature of the adsorbent, solvent systems, Rf values.
Unit II
Oxidation and Reduction: Use of redox potential data, analysis of redox cycle, redox stability in water,
disproportionation, Frost, the diagrammatic representation of potential data, Latimer and Pourbaix diagrams,
principles involved in the extraction of the elements.
Unit III
Polymer chemistry:
Silicones: Classification, Preparation and Structure of silicons, silicon resin, silicon rubber, silicon fluid,
industrial application of silicones.
Unit IV
Bioinorganic chemistry: Essential and trace elements in biological processes, metalloporphyrins with special
reference to haemoglobin and myoglobin. Biological role of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions with reference to
Na+, K+, Ca+2 and Mg+2, nitrogen fixation.
17
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester IV
Unit I
Carboxylic acids: Nomennclature, structure and bonding, physical properties, acidity of carboxylic acids, effects
of substituents on acid strength, preparation of carboxylic acids, reactions of carboxylic acids – Hell Volhard
Zelinisky reaction, synthesis of acid chlorides, esters and amides, reduction of carboxylic acids, mechanism of
decarboxylation. Method of formation and chemical reaction of haloacids, hydroxyl acids, malic tartaric and
citric acids. Methods of formation and chemical reactions of α, β- unsaturated monocarboxylic acids.
Dicarboxylic acids: methods of formation and effect of heat and dehydrating agents (succinic, glutaric and adipic
acids).
Unit II
Carboxylic acids derivatives: Structure and nomenclature of acid chlorides, esters, amides (urea) and acid
anhydrides, relative stability of acyl derivatives. Physical properties, inter conversion of acid derivatives by
nucleophilic acyl substitution. Preparation of carboxylic acid derivatives, chemical reactions, mechanism of
esterification and hydrolysis ( acidic and basic ).
Synthetic polymers: Addition or chain growth polymerization. Free radical vinyl polymerization, ionic vinyl
polymerization, Ziegler Natta polymerization and vinyl polymers. Condensation or step growth polymerization.
Polyesters, polyamides, phenol-formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, epoxy resins and polyurethanes.
Natural and synthetic rubbers.
Unit III
Alkyl nitrates and nitroarenes: Preparation of nitroalkanes and nitroarenes. chemical reactions of nitro
alkanes, mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in nitro arenes and their reduction in acidic, neutral and alkaline
medium, picric acid.
Halonitroarenes; reactivity, structure and nomenclature of amines, physical properties, stereochemistry of amines.
Separation of mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, structural features effecting basicity of amines.
Unit IV
Amines:
Amines salts as phase transfer catalyst, preparation of alkyls and aryl amines ( reduction of nitro compounds,
nitriles ), reductive amination of aldehylic and ketonic compounds. Gabriel- Pthalamide reaction, Hofmann
bromamide reaction.
Reaction of amines, electrophilic aromatic substitution in aryl amines, reaction of amines with nitrous acids.
Diazotization, mechanism, synthetic transformation of aryl diazonium salts, azocoupling.
Synthetic dyes: Colour and constitution ( electronic concept.). classification of dyes. Chemistry and synthesis of
Methyl orange, Congo red, Malachite green, Crystal violet, Phenolphthalein, Fluorescein, Alizarin and Indigo.
18
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester IV
Unit I
Thermodynamics-II
Second law of thermodynamics: Need for the law, different statements of the law, Carnot cycle and its
efficiency. Carnot theorem. Thermodynamic scale of temperature.
Concept of entropy: Entropy as a state function, entropy as a function of Volume and temperature, entropy as a
function of pressure and temperature, entropy change in physical change, Clausius inequality, entropy as a
criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium, Entropy change in ideal gases and mixing of gases
Third law of thermodynamics: Nernst heat theorem, statement and concept of residual entropy, evaluation of
absolute entropy from heat capacity data. Gibbs and Helmholtz functions: Gibbs function (G) and Helmholtz
function (A) as thermodynamic quantities, A & G as criteria for thermodynamic equilibrium and spontaneity,
their advantage over entropy change. Variation of G and A with P, V and T.
Unit II
Electrochemistry II-: Types of reversible electrodes, gas metal ion, metal-metal ion, metal insoluble salt-anion
and redox electrodes. Electrode reactions, Nernst equation, derivation of cell E.M.F. and single electrode
potential, standard hydrogen electrode, reference electrodes, standard electrode potential, sign convention,
electrochemical series and its significance.
Electrolytic and Galvanic cells-reversible and irreversible cells, conventional representation of electrochemical
cells.
EMF of a cell and its measurements, computation of cell EMF, calculation of thermodynamic quantities of cell
reactions (ΔG, ΔH and K), polarization, over potential and overvoltage.
Concentration cell with and without transport, liquid junction potential, application of concentration cells,
solubility product and activity coefficient, potentiometric titrations.
Unit III
pH : Definition of pH and pKa determination of pH using hydrogen, quinhydrone and glass electrodes, by
poteniometric methods. Buffers- mechanism of buffer action. Henderson- Hazel equation. Hydrolysis of salts.
Corrosion: Fundamental of electrolytic corrosion: theories and kinetics, corrosion prevention. Batteries, fuel cells
Unit IV
Physical properties and molecular structure: Optical activity, polarization (Clausius-Mosotti equation)
orientation of dipoles in an electric field, dipole moment, induced dipole moment, measurement of dipole moment
temperature method and refractivity method, dipole moment and structure of molecular magnetic properties-
paramagnetism, dimagnetism and ferromagnetics.
19
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester IV
BCHE 451 Chemistry Practical 60 hrs (4 hr/week)
Note: Total marks for each semester practicals is 75, which include 45 marks for ESE and 30
marks for internal assessment.
Duration 4 hours Max. Marks: 45
Experiment no. 1 Organic Chemistry 12 marks
Experiment no. 2 Physical Chemistry 18 marks
Record 7 marks
Viva 8 marks
Organic Chemistry
TLC/ Paper chromatography
Separation of fluorescein and methylene blue
Separation of leaf pigments from spinach leaves
Synthesis of organic compounds (Any Four)
(a) Acetylation of salicylic acid aniline glucose and hydroquinone
(b) Aliphatic electrophilic substitution
Preparation of iodoform from ethanol and acetone
(c) Aromatic electrophilic substitution
Nitration
Preparation of m-dinitrobenzene
Preparation of p-nitroacetanilide
Halogenations
Preparation of p-bromoacetanilide
Preparation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol
(d) Diazotization/Coupling
Preparation of methyl orange and methyl red
(e) Oxidation
Preparation of benzoic acid from toluene
(f) Reduction
Preparation of aniline from nitrobenzene
Preparation of m-nitroaniline from m-dinitrobenzene
Physical Chemistry
Phase Equilibrium :
1.To study the effect of a solute (e.g. NaCl,succinic acid ) on the critical solution temperature of two partially
miscible liquids (e.g. Phenol-Water system ) and to determine the concentration of that solute in the given
phenol-water system.
2.To construct the phase diagram of two component (e.g. diphenylamine-benzophenone) system by cooling
curve method.
Transition Temperature:
1. Determination of the transition temperature of the given substance by thermometric/dialometric method (e.g. MnCl2
4H2O/SrCl2 2H2O).
Thermochemistry :
1. To determine the solubility of benzoic acid at different temperature and to determine H of the dissolution process.
2. To determine the enthalpy of neutralization of a weak acid/weak base versus strong base/strong acid and determine
the enthalpy of ionization of the weak acid /weak base.
3. To determine the enthalpy of solution of solid calcium chloride and calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride
from its enthalpy data using Born Haber cycle.
20
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester V
The details of the courses with code and title assigned are given below.
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
(Semester Scheme)
Examination scheme
Sr. No. Paper ESE CIA Total
1. Theory 70% 30% 100
2. Practical 60% 40% 100
Each theory paper syllabus is divided into four units. Each theory paper 3 hours duration
The number of papers and the maximum marks for each paper/ practical shall be shown in the syllabus for the
paper concerned. It will be necessary for a candidate to pass in theory part as well as practical part of a subject
separately.
Note: Maximum marks for a paper is 50 marks which include 35 marks for ESE and 15marks for Internal
assessment.
21
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester V
Max.hrs: 3 hrs. Max. marks : 35
Part A- comprises of ten very short answer questions from all units.
(It’s a compulsory question and attempt any seven) 1x7= 7marks
Part B- comprises of eight long answer questions with two questions from each
unit.Candidates have to answer any four questions, selecting one question
from each unit. 7x4 = 28 marks
Total marks for End Semester Examination 35 marks
Internal Assessment 15 marks
Total 50 marks
PAPER I Inorganic Chemistry BCHE 501 30 Hrs (2hrs/week)
Unit I
Coordination Compounds: Werner’s coordination theory and its experimental verification, effective atomic
number concept, chelates, nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination compounds,
Valence bond theory of transition metal complexes with reference to tetrahedral, octahedral and cubic complexes,
back bonding, Limitations of valence bond theory.
Unit II
Chemistry of elements of first transition series: Characteristic properties of d block elements, properties of the
elements of the first transition series, complexes illustrating relative stability of their oxidation states,
coordination number and geometry, Types of magnetic behaviour, magnetic and molar susceptibility,
determination of magnetic susceptibility, orbital contribution of magnetic moments , spin-only formula,
correlation of μs and μeff values, applications of magnetic moment.
Unit III
Chemistry of lanthanide elements: Position in periodic table, occurrence and isolation, Electronic structure,
oxidation states and ionic radii, lanthanide contraction and its consequenses, complex formation, spectral
properties, magnetic properties, Separation of lanthanides Application of lanthanides.
Unit IV
Chemistry of actinides: Occurrence, electronic configuration, General features and chemistry of actinides,
oxidation states and stereochemistry, spectral properties, magnetic properties , chemistry of separation of Np, Pu
and Am from U, comparison of lanthanide and actinide.
22
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester V
Electromagnetic spectrum : Absorption spectra ( UV) : Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy- absorption laws
(Beer- Lambert Law) molar absorptivity, presentation and analysis of UV spectra, types of electronic transitions,
effect of solvents on transitions, effect of conjugation, concept of chromophore and auxochrome. Bathochromic,
hypsochromic and hyperchromic and hypochromic shifts, UV spectra of conjugated enes and enones.
Infrared IR absorption spectroscopy – Molecular vibrations, Hookes law, selection rules, intensity and position
of IR bands, measurement of IR spectrum, finger print region, characteristic absorptions of various functional
groups and interpretation of IR spectra of simple organic compounds
Unit II
Organometallic compounds: The Grignard reagent- formation, structure and chemical reaction, organozinc
compound: formation and chemical reactions.
Organo sulphur compounds : Nomenclature, structural features, methods of formation and chemical reactions
of thiols, thioethers, sulphonic acids, sulphonamide and sulpha guanidine.
Unit III
Heterocyclic compounds- I: Introduction, molecular orbital picture and aromatic characteristic of pyrrole,
furane, thiophene and pyridine. Methods of synthesis and chemical reactions with particular emphasis on the
mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reaction in pyridine derivatives.
Comparision of basicity of pyridine, piperidine and pyrrole
Unit IV
Heterocyclic compounds- II: Introduction to condensed five and six membered hetrocycles. Preparation and
reaction of indole, quinoline and isoquinoline with special reference to fischer indole synthesis, skraup synthesis
and Bischler- Napieralski synthesis, mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction of indole, quinoline and iso
quinoline.
23
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester V
Phase Equilibrium I: Statement and meaning of the terms-phase, component and degree of freedom,
thermodynamic derivation of Gibbs phase rule, phase equilibria of one component system-water, CO2 and S
systems.
Phase equilibria of two component system: Solid-liquid equilibria, simple eutectic Bi-Cd, Pb-Ag systems,
desilverisation of lead.
Solid solutions: Compound formation with congruent melting point (Mg-Zn) and incongruent melting point,
(NaCl-H2O), (FeCl3-H2O) and CuSO4-H2O) system. Freezing mixtures, acetone-dry ice.
Unit II
Phase Equilibrium II : Liquid –Liquid mixtures- Ideal liquid mixtures. Raoult`s and Henry`s law. Non ideal
system-azeotropes-HCl –H2O and ethanol-water systems.
Partially miscible liquids- Phenol-water, trimethylamine-water, nicotine-water systems. Lower and upper
consulate temperature. Effect of impurity on consulate temperature.
Unit III
Quantum Mechanics I-: Black-body radiation, Planck`s radiation law, photoelectric effect, heat capacity of
solids, Behr’s model of hydrogen atom(no derivation) and its defects. Compton Effect. De Broglie hypothesis,
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Sinusoidal wave equation, Hamiltonian operator, Schrodinger wave equation
and its importance, physical interpretation of the wave function, postulates of quantum mechanics, particle in a
one dimensional box.
Schrodinger wave equation for H-atom, separation into three equations (without derivation), quantum numbers
and their importance, hydrogen like wave functions, radial wave functions, angular wave functions.
Unit IV
Adsorption: Difference between adsorption, absorption and sorption, Chemisorption, adsorbent and adsorbate,
reversible and irreversible adsorption, Characteristics of adsorption ,adsorption of gases by solids, factors
affecting adsorption, types of adsorption, types of adsorption isotherms, Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption
isotherms.
24
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester V
Preparation:
(a ) preparation of sodium trioxalato ferrate (III), Na3 [Fe(C2O4)3]
( b ) preparation of Ni-DMG complex [ Ni(DMG)2]
( c ) preparation of copper tetraammine complex [Cu(NH3)]SO4
( d ) preparation of cis- and trans- bisoxalato diaqua chromates (III) ion
( e ) preparation of sodium tetrathionate
Physical Chemistry:
1. Determination of molecular weight of a non volatile solute by Rast method/Beckmann freezing point method.
2. Determination of the apparent degree of dissociation of an electrolyte (e.g. NaCl) in aqueous solution at
different concentrations by ebullioscopy.
Colorimetry:
To verify Beer- Lambert law KMnO4/K2Cr2O7 and determine the concentration of the given solution of the
substance.
Viva-Voce
Record
25
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester VI
Paper code Paper Title Type of Contact Maximum Minimum ESE in hrs.
paper Hours marks marks
Per semester Theory Practical
Per week
BCHE 601 Inorganic Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE 602 Organic Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE 603 Physical Theory 30 2 50 20 3 -
chemistry
BCHE 651 Chemistry Lab 60 4 75 30 - 4
Practicals work
10
The details of the courses with code and title assigned are given below.
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
(Semester Scheme)
Examination scheme
Sr. No. Paper ESE CIA Total
1. Theory 70% 30% 100
2. Practical 60% 40% 100
Each theory paper syllabus is divided into four units. Each theory paper 3 hours duration
The number of papers and the maximum marks for each paper/ practical shall be shown in the syllabus for the
paper concerned. It will be necessary for a candidate to pass in theory part as well as practical part of a subject
separately.
Note: Maximum marks for a paper is 50 marks which include 35 marks for ESE and 15marks for Internal
assessment.
26
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester VI
Part A- comprises of ten very short answer questions from all units.
(It’s a compulsory question and attempt any seven) 1x7= 7marks
Part B- comprises of eight long answer questions with two questions from each
unit.Candidates have to answer any four questions, selecting one question
from each unit. 7x4 = 28 marks
Total marks for End Semester Examination 35 marks
Internal Assessment 15 marks
Total 50 marks
PAPER I Inorganic Chemistry BCHE 601 30 Hrs. (2hrs/week)
Unit I
Metal – ligand bonding in transition metal complexes: An elementary idea of crystal-field theory, crystal field
splitting in octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar complexes, factors affecting the crystal – field parameters,
colour of transition metal ions, limitations of crystal field theory.
Unit II
Spectral properties of transition metal complexes: Types of electronic transitions, selection rules for d-d
transitions, spectroscopic ground states and Spectoscopic terms (L-S Coupling) , spectrochemical series, orgel-
energy level diagram for d1 and d9 states, the electronic spectrum of [ Ti(H2O)6]+3 complex ion.
Unit III
Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of metal complexes: Thermodynamic and kinetic stability,
thermodynamic stability and factors affecting the stability, substitution reactions of square planar complexes,
types of substitution reactions and trans effect.
Unit IV
27
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester VI
PAPER II Organic Chemistry BCHE 602 30 Hrs (2 hrs/week)
Unit I
Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy: Proton magnetic resonance 1H-NMR spectroscopy, nuclear
shielding and deshielding, chemical shift and molecular structure, spin spin splitting and coupling constant, areas
of signals, interpretation of PMR spectra of simple organic molecules such as ethyl bromide, ethanol,
acetaldehyde, 1,1,2 tri bromo ethane, ethyl acetate, toluene and acetophenone.Problems pertaining to the structure
elucidation of simple organic compounds using UV, IR and PMR spectroscopic techniques.
Unit II
Unit III
Amino acids, peptides, proteins and nucleic acid: Classification, structure and stereochemistry of amino acids.
Acid base behaviour of isoelectric point and electrophoresis. Preparation and reaction of α amino acid. Structure
and nomenclature of peptides and proteins. Classification of proteins, peptide structure determination, end group
analysis, selective hydrolysis of peptides. Classical peptides synthesis, solid phase peptide synthesis. Structre of
peptides and proteins, levels of protein structure. Protein denaturation / renaturation. Nucleic acids; introduction.
Constituents of nucleic acid ribo and ribonucieosides , nucleotides. The double helical structure of DNA/RNA
Unit IV
Fats, oils and detergents: Natural fats edible and industrial oils of vegetable resin common fatty acids,
glycerides, hydrogenation of unsaturated oils. saponification value, iodine value, acid value, soaps, synthetic
detergents, alkyl and aryl sulphonates.
28
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester VI
Photochemistry: Interaction of radiation with matter, difference between thermal and photochemical processes.
Laws of photochemistry: Grothus-Drapper law, Stark-Einstien law, Jablonski diagram depicting various processes
occurring in the excited state., qualitative description of fluorescence, phosphorescence, non radiative process (
internal conversion, inter system crossing ) quantum yield, photosensitized reaction-energy transfer process
(simple examples)
Unit II
Unit III
Spectroscopy II: Vibrational spectrum: Infrared spectrum: Energy levels of simple harmonic oscillator,
selection rules, pure vibrational spectrum, intensity., determination of force constant, qualitative relations of force
constants and bond energy, effect of anharmonic motion and isotopes on the spectrum, idea of vibrational
frequencies of different functional groups.
Raman spectrum: Concept of polarizability, pure rotational and pure vibrational Raman spectra of diatomic
molecules, selection rules.
Unit IV
Quantum Mechanics II: Molecular orbital theory: Basic ideas criteria for forming M.O. from A.O. construction
of M.O.`s by LCAO-H2+ ion, calculation of energy levels from wave functions, physical picture of bonding and
antibonding wave functions, concept of σ, σ * and π, π* orbitals and their characteristics. Hybrid orbitals sp, sp2,
sp3, calculation of coefficients of atomic orbitals used in these hybrid orbitals.
29
S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College (Autonomous), Jaipur
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Subject : Chemistry
Semester VI
BCHE 651 Chemistry Practical 60 hrs (4 hr/week)
Practicals
Note: Total marks for each semester practicals is 75, which include 45 marks for ESE and 30
marks for internal assessment.
Duration 4 hours Max. Marks: 45
Experiment no. 1 Organic Chemistry 14 marks
Experiment no. 2 Physical Chemistry 16 marks
Record 7 marks
Viva 8 marks
Organic Chemistry
Qualitative analysis: Analysis of an organic mixture containing two solid components using water, NaHCO3, and
NaOH for separation and preparation of suitable derivatives.
Physical Chemistry
Electrochemistry
(a) To determine the strength of the given acid conductometrically using standard alkali solution
(b) To determine the solubility and solubility product of a sparingly soluble electrolyte conductometrically
(c) To study the saponification of ethyl acetate acetate conductometrically
(d) To determine the ionization constant of a weak acid conductrometrically
(e) To titrate potentiometrically the given ferrous ammonium sulphate solution using KMnO 4/K2Cr2O7 as
titrant and calculate the redox potential of Fe++/Fe+++ system on the hydrogen scale.
Refractometry,Polarimetry :
(a) To verify law of refraction of mixtures e.g. of glycerol and water using Abbe,s refractometer.
(b) To determine the specific rotation of a given optically active compound.
Viva-Voce
Record
Suggested Books:
1. A New Concise Inorganic Chemistry; Fifth Edition; J.D. Lee; Blackwell Science, London, 1989.
2. Inorganic Chemistry; Third Edition; D.F. Shriver and P.W. Atkins; Oxford University Press, New York, 1999.
3. Inorganic Chemistry; Third Edition; Gary L. Miessler and Donald A. Tarr; Pearson Education Inc. Singapore, 2005.
4. Organic Chemistry; Seventh Edition; T.W. Graham Solomons & Craig B. Fryhle; John Wiley and Sons, 1998.
5. Organic Chemistry; Sixth Edition; Robert Thornton Morrison & Robert Neilson Boyd; PHI Pvt. Ltd, 2004.
6. Organic Chemistry Vol. I ; Fifth Edition; I.L. Finar; Longman Scientific and Technical, Singapore, 1975.
7. Organic Chemistry: Vol 1, Mukerjee and Singh
8. Organic Chemistry: Vol 2, Mukerjee and Singh
9. Organic Chemistry: Vol 3, Mukerjee and Singh
10. A Text Book of Physical Chemistry; A.S. Negi, S.C. Anand; New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi, 2002.
11. The Elements of Physical Chemistry; P.W. Atkins; Oxford University Press, 1996.
12. University General Chemistry; C.N.R. Rao; Macmillan India Ltd., New Delhi, 1998.
13. Physical Chemistry: Puri Sharma and Pathania
14. Physical Chemistry: J. Moore
30