Development of Dmpmnhs Anti-Theft Security Light Sensing Alarm Using LDR
Development of Dmpmnhs Anti-Theft Security Light Sensing Alarm Using LDR
Development of Dmpmnhs Anti-Theft Security Light Sensing Alarm Using LDR
TVL-EIM 12
2019
Chapter I
A. Introduction
offers. Security Alarm are gaining increase importance in recent times to protect life and
valuable resources, many advance method of providing security have been developed and are
in use in the last few decade. One important area is the security alarm require for military
strategic applications, which has advanced greatly. But such complex and expensive are
useful to high end application only. However with recent progress in technology and the
growing need for increased security in civilian and other applications, there are low cost
solutions for security alarm have now emerged. In the field of security alarm using modern
approaches has become a major means of providing security in all applications, both military
and civilian. Due to high state of unsecure experiences in the entire world the need to keep
In the study made by David, Lourdes T. (2001), he emphasized that the security alarm
devices such as motion detector thru light sensing. It can be extremely advantageous in
intrusions or other criminal activity on a piece of real property. It can also be used to increase
a feeling of safety.
At present, the DMPMNHS uses the usual paper of securing the school premises. The
personnel in-charge (on duty guard) of the school caters the safety of all the school premises.
But with the current set up, the security capability of each medium doesn’t have efficient
[DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM
control to the safeguarding of valuables and data of concerned individuals. With the present
set up, the personnel in-charge round the school put on the light in every building. After that,
the personnel in-charge back to his/her guards house or post. This process takes unsafe for the
In order to aid the problems encountered by the school, the researchers study the
SENSING ALARM USING LDR” The study sought to measure how the school manage
their personal properties. Thus, this study makes a new offering by lying exploratory on
securing the school properties. The anti-theft security alarm light sensing will make the work
easier because it will turn on only when a person approaches. LDR activated lamps will
usually be incandescent bulbs so that they can activate instantly and energy saving is less
important since they will not be on all the time. LDR sensor activation can increase both the
deterrent effect (since the intruder knows that he has been detected) and the detection effect
(since a person will be attracted to the sudden increase in light) will turn on the light. It will
also make the work faster and efficient because the process will no longer be hand to hand
basis, instead, the personnel in-charge will pay attention to the sound and light. With this, the
The existing practice of David M. Puzon Memorial National High School (DMPMNHS)
faculty and staff in terms of school properties has a low security. This study aims to evaluate
a) Security
b) Keeping
c) Retrieving
2. What are the problems and difficulties encountered with the current security of school
a) Security
b) Keeping
c) Retrieving
3. What are the possible solution or action that can be considered to eliminate or improve
This study will provide a high technology way of security to crimes along David M.
Puzon Memorial National High School. Thus, this study is hoped to be beneficial to the
following:
Administration. The development security alarm will make the work of the assigned
personnel to more effective and easy monitoring of school premises. This study will benefit
them from theft/burglary. There will be a security in the collectible and school property like,
Teachers. This study will provide information for security of files, records and properties.
Researchers. The study is very helpful to the researcher to become more professional
individuals and will be a tool to gain more experience and knowledge in developing new
technology.
Future Researchers. Findings of this study may encourage researchers to conduct similar
studies along this line in in order to validate the result of the study. The result of this study
will also serve as a baseline data for future researchers for more intensive research for the
purpose of easier and faster dissemination for a globally competitive world since we are now
The study includes image processing using an LDR that process the captured motion
to determine the identity of a certain object, whether it is an animal or a person who intends
to enter the school premises. There is a motion detector to be placed inside the school. The
proposed school to be built is a closed environment so that the motion detector will be
accurate on detecting some movements inside. If there is something moving, the LDR will
trigger the light to brighten the dark area. The light will be the switch of the alarm supported
by a Piezo Buzzer that will trigger if the detection in the processed positive. In this case, the
intruder may panic and destroy the crops but at least they will be frightened and will go out of
the school premises. The machine is only capable of a single motion detector process at a
time. This means if there is an on-going process of the captured motion; the machine will
stop process sensing alarm. The study will only takes place on a certain part of the school
which is DMPMNHS, the proponents and their colleagues of the related study will create a
small miniature of the school to support the data and information that will be used on the
study. The proponents only consider night time monitoring for the accuracy of the detection
Definition of Terms
In order to have a better understanding of the study, the following terms are operationally
defined:
Security Alarm. This involves a signal or alarm that something is being detected by
the LDR.
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR). It is a detector of the motion for the anti-theft
where several circuits must be controlled by one signal in the security light sensing alarm.
Chapter II
University School of Criminal Justice (SCJ) in Newark, N.J., found residential burglar alarm
systems decrease crime. While other studies have concluded that most burglars avoid alarm
systems, this is the first study to focus on alarm systems while scientifically ruling out other
“Data showed that a steady decrease in burglaries in Newark between 2001 and 2005
coincided with an increase in the number of registered home burglar alarms,” said Seungmug
The study found an installed burglar alarm makes a dwelling less attractive to would-be and
active intruders and protects the home without displacing burglaries to nearby homes,
actually decreasing crime rather than simply displacing it. The study also concluded that the
“This type of study assists police departments to effectively deploy their limited resources,”
said Garry McCarthy, Newark police director. “The school of criminal justice provides
valuable insight into the positive impact alarm systems can have in preventing residential
burglaries.”
The study noted that technology innovations have increased the availability of home security
systems to middle-class homeowners, and technology has made the systems more
dependable.
monitoring and signalling technology, and modern electronic sensors now include ultrasonic,
infrared and microwave devices, which were formerly available only in more sophisticated
Schools in Pamplona
There are 4 secondary School. The Pamplona National High school of Fisheries,
Bidduang Barangay High School, David M. Puzon Memorial National High School and
Pamplona Institute.
Almost all the barangays has complete Elementary School except for one barangay.
The barangays of municipality are undergoing and attaining some physical changes
caused by the industries of the people and construction of the roads, which crisscross their
areas. The of houses in the rural places can be attributed to the fact that the people what to
be their farms to raise something financially profitable with view to increasing or augmenting
their incomes.
One of the problems we are facing right now is poverty. Because of that some people
nowadays can’t find for a work, some of them are doing crimes like stealing that’s why our
school are needs security alarm for our safety and protection.
Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher design and develop, area of study, population, sample
of the population, sampling technique, instrument for data collection, validation of the
Research Development
This research aims to develop a reliable security system for a school which is to be
formed in a particular part of DMPMNHS. The system includes motion detector using Light
Dependent Resistor (LDR), a major tool for processing procedure. Figure 1 represents the
high-level block diagram of the proposed system for more comprehensible procedures and
School
properties Problem
Planning Research
security Analysis
system
accomplish the system. First is to analyze the existing problem regarding the security of the
place. Next is to plan how to work and resolve the problem. Then do the research processes
in order to increase the knowledge and ideas about the system. Next, design the system
according to what is planned, and then develop it based on problems that occurred. After that,
do the testing procedures and come up with conclusions about the created system.
12 volts BC 547
330 ohm
220 ohm
The researcher used the idea of simple series circuit diagram where it helps them to
make a design process interactive. The propose security alarm is powered by 12 volts
connected to the terminals of LDR wherein the LDR terminal is also connected to the
terminals of transistor. The resistor 330 ohms will resist the excess current passing the LED
same with resistor 220 ohms it controls the excess current going to the LDR. With this
connection of the five components of the circuit the security alarm will work.
The researcher chose a survey research design because it best served to answer the
The survey research is one in which a group of people or items is studies by collecting
and analyzing data from only a few professionals and student of DMPMNHS considered as
The study was conducted at David M. Puzon Memorial National High School
(DMPMNHS) located at Curva, Pamplona, Cagayan. This school was established in year
2000 through the initiative of the late David M. Puzon. The school caters learners form
Abulug, Apayao, Curva, Bagu, and Sta. Cruz. One of the programs of education in the school
is that every quarter they collect tuition from the student with this the security of the school in
The proponents gathered some references that would give them different ideas,
perspectives and data in building up the study. By these studies, the proponents could think of
a generous learning about creating inventive thoughts that would add to the study. Based on
the table of comparison, it can be seen that the research are done with the same goal which is
security using different methods and efficiency. Therefore, the proponents decided to
improve the security of the smart office by implementing digitized and computerized
monitoring standards since it has not yet been installed with any advanced security medium.
Furthermore, the proponents designed a prototype that will monitor and detect the security of
smart office by capturing the image of the exact moment when something suspicious moves
inside the office. If the detection is positive, an alarm will trigger for the authorized personnel
to respond. On the review of the related literatures, some have the same approach on
improving the security of a certain place and also they have differences on some process that
they tackle for the security purposes. There are some that used alarm mechanism, some used
image processing, but there is no study yet that includes both intelligence in one system for
the security of office. That is why the proponents came up with this kind of research because
security is more efficient if detection using image processing is linked with the alarm
mechanism.
The target population for this research defined to include the faculty, staffs and
student of DMPMNHS, while the accessible population is the teachers, student and staff
In this study, the accessible population comprised all the teachers and student. Table1.
Below presents a record of the number of the teachers and student in DMPMNHS.
School Head 1
Head Teacher 1
Administrative Personnel 3
Teachers JHS 23
Teachers SHS 10
Guards 2
Students 700
In addition, the administrative staff, teachers and student were considered appropriate
as population of the study area because, as stated in chapter one, they constitute the dramatis-
schools. Most of them have had several years of teaching and learning and therefore, they are
in the best position to furnish the researcher with the information needed to answer the
For some studies, the population may be small enough to warrant the inclusion all of
them in the study. But a study may entail a large population which cannot all be studied. That
portion of the population that is studied is called a sample of the population (Nworgu
1991:69). A sample in this study is, therefore, a smaller group of elements drawn through a
definite procedure from an accessible population. The elements making up this sample are
The sample of the population of this study stood at 2 admin staffs, 5 teachers and 13
Sampling Techniques
A stratified random sampling procedure was used for selecting the participants in this
study. This technique was employed to ensure a fairly equal representation of the variables
for the study. The stratification was based on school in David M. Memorial National High
School. Within each section, selection of staff, teachers and student was by simple random
sampling. This was achieved by writing out the names of the staff, teachers and student in
piece of paper which was folded and put in a basket. After thorough reshuffling, the
researcher selects an element, records it and puts it back in the basket until the required
staffs, 5 teachers and 13 students from all the educational zones of David M. Puzon Memorial
National High School. The proportionate stratification was based on the fact that the school
instrument for this study. The 2 admin staffs, 5 teachers and 13 students from all the
educational zones of David M. Puzon Memorial National High School. The interview were
aimed at eliciting relevant information concerning school security alarm. Questions relating
theft/burglary as well as possible strategies that could be adopted to enhance school security
ALARM USING LDR” was also used in the study. The content of the instrument was
based on the findings of the interview conducted (see above) with the teachers, staffs and
section “A”, is on The capability of the anti-theft product to provide functions which meet
stated and implied needs when the anti-theft is used under specified conditions (what the anti-
section “B”, is on the capability of the anti-theft product to maintain its level of performance
section “C” The capability of the anti-theft products to be understood, learned, used and
attractive to the users, when used under specified conditions (the effort needed for use).
section “D”, on the other hand is on the capability of the anti-theft product to provide
appropriate performance, relative to the amount used, under resources stated conditions.
finally, section “E”, The capability of the anti-theft product to be modified. Modifications
environment and in the requirements and functional specifications (the effort needed to be
modified).
The instrument was structured in the modified Likert fashion, on a 5 – point scale,
ranging from “excellent” (5), through “very good” (4), “good” (3) to “fair” (2) and “poor”
(1). Subjects were then instructed to respond to their degree of agreement with the statements
The questionnaire designed for the study was subjected to a validation process for
In the validation process of this study, copies of the questionnaire and copies of the
research questions were given to some teachers, student and staff of DMPMNHS. These
experts went through the research questions and the questionnaire carefully to ascertain the
appropriateness and adequacy of the instrument. They suggested structuring the questionnaire
in the Likert fashion, on a five-point scale Likert fashion. Researcher prefers the modified
Likert scale because according to normal Likert scale, “excellent” (5), through “very good”
(4), “good” (3) to “fair” (2) and “poor” (1).. Many researchers and educationists feel that
there is no logical enough reason to assign the weight of 3 points to somebody who is
undecided on a given issue. Therefore the modified 5 Likert scale is preferred. However the
other useful observations and suggestions by the experts were modified and the corrections
were made.
Having validated the questionnaire, a pilot testing was carried out on the instrument
using 2 admin staffs, 5 teachers and 13 students from all the educational zones of David M.
Puzon Memorial National High School, which the actual research was be carried out. This
• whether there are some items to which they would not like to respond;
as well as
• to determine the workability of the proposed method of data analysis for the study.
However, from the pilot test, the researcher was able to understand the ambiguity of
Data Gathering
Before conducting the study, the researchers sought permission from the Principal.
Then the researchers will analyze all the data and information gathered from the said School.
Interview: To ensure accurate and reliable information about the setting of security of
the school, several interviews were conducted to the Principal, Administrative Staff,
Observation: The researchers have seen personally how the security of the school.
Internet: To have a basis in conducting the study, the researchers look for several
Sources of Data: Upon approval by the Principal, the researchers will personally
Chapter 4
This chapter discusses the data analysis and findings from the questionnaires
completed by the respondent of DMPMNHS. The purpose of this study was to identify and
After the pilot testing and all necessary modifications, the questionnaires were
administered directly to the chosen sample for the study. Three hundred and thirteen copies
of the evaluation sheet given out were successfully completed and returned. The possibility of
retrieving back all the evaluation sheet was as a result of the researchers colleagues who
offered a helping hand. The opposite could have been the case if the researcher had taken the
The evaluation sheet that use to assess the system is based on ISO 9126-1 Quality
Reliability, Usability, Efficiency, Maintainability and Probability. The study rated with
highest score which is 5, equivalent to Excellent it means that the study meet the
Points 5 4 3 2 1
Answer 14 6 0 0 0
The table show that the respondent agreed on the functionality of school anti-theft
alarm.
It indicates that schools must have a security alarm inside the premises.
Points 5 4 3 2 1
Answer 20 0 0 0
Percentage 100% 0 0 0 0
The table show the response of the 20 respondent about the reliability of the study.
Points 5 4 3 2 1
Answer 14 6 0 0 0
Chapter V
Throughout the study, the researchers found out that there is a need to utilize Anti-
theft Security Light Sensing Alarm at DMPMNHS to help minimizes, if not eliminate the
Using the forgoing conclusion, the following are recommended: The study titled
USING LDR” should be utilized and put to action to ensure the security of school premises.
It strongly recommended because it would minimize theft and that this study would
References
Philippines-Diliman. 2005