Pavia National High School

Science Department
Department of Education

Detailed Lesson Plan

GRADE 9 BIOLOGY
BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION
I. Objectives
At the end of the class discussion, the Grade 9 learners must have:
 Defined endangered species, threatened and extinction
 Listed factors affecting species extinction
 Discussed at least two environmental factors that leads to species extinction
 Practiced sustainable development in the school campus’ vicinity
II. Learning Content
A. Subject Matter
 Biodiversity and Evolution - Causes of Species Extinction
B. Content Outline
 Definition of endangered species
 Definition of threatened
 Definition of extinct
 Causes of extinction
 Deforestation
 Water pollution
 Air pollution
 Destruction of coral resources
 Acid precipitation
C. Science Concept
 A species is endangered when its population has become so low that it is possible of becoming extinct.
 Threatened species are those species that their population declines so fast that it becomes endangered.
 Extinction is the disappearance of a species when the last of its members dies.
 One of the country’s environmental problem. It is the rapid rate at which trees are cut down.
 major problem in water pollution is the eutrophication wherein organic materials from fertilizers used in farming are
driven into the bodies of water and causes rapid growth of algae on the surface of water. Algaes trap the sunlight that is
needed by marine plants to photosynthesize. When marine plants can’t photosynthesize, they will die and decompose
and there will be no supply of oxygen because the decomposers or bacteria have consumed everything. This leads to
fish kill.
 Air pollution is the presence of harmful pollutants in the air like carbon dioxide (CO2) . When carbon CO2 accumulates
at the atmosphere, it will create a greenhouse effect that later on will result to global warming or the increase of Earth’s
temperature.
 Destruction of coral resources is the destruction of coral reefs and mangroves that serves as habitat for marine
organisms. Muro-ami fishing, deforestation, mining, dynamite fishing are just a few causes of this destruction.
 Acid precipitation or acid rain causes yellowing of leaves of trees and cause leaves to fall and loss od nutrients on the
leaves. Therefore, the nutrients will can no longer be brought back to soil again and plants cannot propagate in that
area.
D. Science Process Skills
 Inferring
 Predicting
 Pavia National High School
Science Department
Department of Education

 Analyzing
 Communicating
E. Value Focus
 Shows interest in the lesson
 Participates in the discussion
 Practices waste segregation
 Practices saving energy
III. Instructional Materials
A. Visual Aids
 Video clips
 Key concepts written on cartolinas
 Cut-out images
 Hand-outs
B. References
 Science 9 Learner’s Module, Module 3 pp. 11-23
 Science 9 Teacher’s Guide, pp. 41-50
IV. Lesson Development
Lesson
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity Teacher’s Note/Remarks
Development

“Good morning class. Who will lead the prayer?” “Good morning Ma’am” A student will lead the prayer.

“Please take your seats” Students will stand in attention

“Who is absent today? to prayer. The teacher will check the
attendance.
“Last meeting, you’ve learned about the
importance biodiversity and how is the diversity of The teacher will call a name to
species affected by the increase or increase on their answer.
Engagement
population.”
15 mins
“Today, we’re going to start another lesson”
“But before that, I have here a video clip. Its a
short documentation about reasons of extinction The teacher will show a video.
and the future extinction. You will hear from the
experts in the field of ecology and biology so listen
very well.”
Students will take down notes. Make sure that students are taking
down notes.
Exploration
10 mins “I have here images of animals commonly found
here in the Philippines. I also have cut-outs of
their names and three categories here on the
board.”

“You have to match the picture of the animal to

its name then identify if its threatened,
endangered or extinct by posting it on the
board.”

“Understood?”
After the students do the
“Okay, you may start now” activity, the teacher will ask
questions.
“What animals did you include under “Philippine eagle”
threatened?”
 Pavia National High School
Science Department
Department of Education

“Very good.”
“Our Philippine eagle nowadays is drastically “Because of hunting.”
decreasing in population because of what?”

“Yes, we humans hunt them. And we pushes

them to the brink of extinction. You can never
see them forever.”
“Okay, let’s see if you got the correct answers
after we discuss about threatened, endangered,
extinct and the factors affecting extinction.”
Explanation
20 mins “Based on the video you’ve watched earlier, can “Threatened species are those The teacher will call a name.
you define threatened species?” species that their population
declines so fast that it
becomes endangered.
“Very good.”
“How about endangered species.” “When species’ population The teacher will call a name.
becomes so low that only a
few remain, that species is
considered endangered.
The teacher will call a name.
“How about extinct?” “Extinction is the
“What is extinction?” disappearance of a species
when the last of its members
dies.

“What do you think are the causes of “Loss of habitats.”

extinction?”

“Very good. That’s one.”

“What are these factors that lead to destruction “Deforestation Ma’am”
or loss of habitat?”

“Very good.”
“One leading factor that leads to extinction of a
species is deforestation.”

“I have here list of other factors.”

The teacher will post the
“But read first deforestation.” “One of the country’s definitions on the board.
“Start” environmental problem. It is
the rapid rate at which trees
are cut down.”

“What are the major causes of deforestation?” “Kaingin, illegal logging,

conversion of agricultural
lands to housing projects,
forest fires, typhoons.”
“Another factor is water pollution.”

“Water pollution directly affects the decrease in

size of population of marine organisms.”
“And the major problem in water pollution is the The teacher will show an
eutrophication wherein organic materials from illustration of the process of
fertilizers used in farming are driven into the eutrophication.
bodies of water and causes rapid growth of algae
on the surface of water. Algaes trap the sunlight
that is needed by marine plants to
photosynthesize. When marine plants can’t
photosynthesize, they will die and decompose
and there will be no supply of oxygen because
the decomposers or bacterias have consumed
everything. This leads to fish kill.

“Understood?” “Yes Ma’am”

 Pavia National High School
Science Department
Department of Education

“What other factors can lead to extinction?” “Air polution.”

“What about air pollution?” “It is the presence of harmful

pollutants in the air like
carbon dioxide.”
“And when carbon dioxide accumulates on our
atmosphere, it acts like a blanket that holding in
the heat that supposed to be radiated back into
space. This condition is called greenhouse
effect.”

“Do you understand?” “Yes Ma’am.”

“And greenhouse effect leads to what?” “Leads to global warming.”

“What is global warming?” “Global warming is an

increase in the earth’s
temperature from the rapid
buildup of carbon dioxide and
other gases in the
atmosphere.”
“See. Small problems lead to a bigger one. So be
responsible, be aware of what you think are just
simple acts but could greatly damage Earth.”

“And the last one is?” “Acid precipitation or acid

rain.”

“what is the effect of acid rain?” “It causes yellowing of leaves

of trees and cause leaves to
fall and loss od nutrients on
the leaves. Therefor, the
nutrients will can no longer be
brought back to soil again and
plants cannot propagate in that
area.

“Any questions.” “None Ma’am”

“All factors that we discussed earlier are all The teacher will male a
natural environmental phenomena. But we generalization.
humans, our activities hasten it up to the level
that we already harm our only companion living
here on Earth. Remember that animals are the
only living creature made to live with us.
Without them, we are also affected because
living things depend on another living things.”

“So, what do you think will be the solution?” “Let us be responsible in our
every actions.”
Elaboration
“In what way? Are you familiar with the term “No.”
10 mins
sustainable development?”

“Sustainable development means that a society

should live under the carrying capacity of the
environment.”

“Do you understand?” “Yes Ma’am”

“Going back to our activity earlier, what else are “Dugong, Tarsier, tamaraw,
considered to be endangered species here in the monkey-eating eagle, and
Philippines?” Philippine crocodile.

“Very good.”
 Pavia National High School
Science Department
Department of Education

“Enumerate the different factors that lead into The teacher will administer a
Evaluation extinction of species and discuss each.” simple recall quiz to assess the
5 mins learning of the students.
“5 points each”

Prepared by: Noted by:

Louise Meara C. Severo Mrs. Kriemehilda Gajo